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Analytical procedures and experimental techniques were developed to improve the capability to design advanced high speed propellers. Some results from the propeller lifting line and lifting surface aerodynamic analysis codes are compared with propeller force data, probe data and laser velocimeter data. In general, the code comparisons with data indicate good qualitative agreement. A rotating propeller force balance demonstrated good accuracy and reduced test time by 50 percent. Results from three propeller flow visualization techniques are shown which illustrate some of the physical phenomena occurring on these propellers.

This report supplements a previous report of the same title submitted in June, 1992. It summarizes additional analytical techniques which have been developed for predicting the response of linear and nonlinear structures to noise excitations generated by large propulsion power plants. The report is divided into nine chapters. The first two deal with incomplete knowledge of boundary conditions of engineering structures. The incomplete knowledge is characterized by a convex set, and its diagnosis is formulated as a multi-hypothesis discrete decision-making algorithm with attendant criteria of adaptive termination.

This report is to provide the propellant combustion product characterization community with a general background on the chemistry, sources, properties, and health effects of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and to present the analytical procedures and types of instrumentation currently available for measuring NOx. The NOx atmospheric cycle with emphasis on conversion reactions of nitric oxide (NO) to nitrogen dioxide (NO2), the anthropogenic and naturally occurring sources, and the properties of NOx in the context of propellant emissions of NOx are discussed. The toxicity of NO and NO2 is described. The common methods of measuring NOx are explained in generic terms. There are two appendices: one is a table which aids in determining the most suitable method of measuring NOx, and the other is a list of addresses of manufacturers of NOx analyzers.

This report is to provide the propellant combustion product characterization community with a general background on the chemistry, sources, properties, and health effects of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and to present the analytical procedures and types of instrumentation currently available for measuring NOx. The NOx atmospheric cycle with emphasis on conversion reactions of nitric oxide (NO) to nitrogen dioxide (NO2), the anthropogenic and naturally occurring sources, and the properties of NOx in the context of propellant emissions of NOx are discussed. The toxicity of NO and NO2 is described. The common methods of measuring NOx are explained in generic terms. There are two appendices: one is a table which aids in determining the most suitable method of measuring NOx, and the other is a list of addresses of manufacturers of NOx analyzers.

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An interpretive review is presented of the development of scientific knowledge of fracture processes and of the technological application of this information to the evolution of rational engineering principles for fracture- safe design. Discussions of mechanical, metallurgical, and structural aspects of the subject emphasize that engineering design practices must involve detailed consideration of all factors. The evolution of modern fracture-safe design practices began in 1950. The results of the earlier research provided a base from which definitive studies were evolved. The development of significant fracture-characterization test methods and of procedures for their analytical interpretation paced the rate of progress during this time period. A description is provided of fracture tests which are suitable for evolving data-bank references of metal properties, required for general engineering practice of fracture-safe design. Major emphasis is placed on procedures based on the use of analysis diagrams, which provide for cross-referencing between structural factors and metal properties. The primary aim of the text is to present the case for the utilization of modern practices in the design of engineering structures.

Thesis (M.A.)--Boston University, 1929

In this report, a thorough analytical procedure is developed for evaluating the frequency-dependent loss characteristics and effective permittivity of microstrip lines. The technique is based on the measured reflection coefficient of microstrip resonator pairs. Experimental data, including quality factor Q, effective relative permittivity, and fringing for 50-omega lines on gallium arsenide (GaAs) from 26.5 to 40.0 GHz are presented. The effects of an imperfect open circuit, coupling losses, and loading of the resonant frequency are considered. A cosine-tapered ridge-guide text fixture is described. It was found to be well suited to the device characterization.

The intent of this Volume is to provide an overview to the Mechanical Engineer on the approach he will use in designing dynamic structural integrity into the equipment package under consideration. The elements of this general discussion include: An introduction to the subject of structural dynamics, the characteristics of a shock or vibration excited system, and a summary of the design choices available to the designer; a discussion of the Army transport methods employed in the field, how they relate to the Army equipment class categories, how the equipment class is used to define Quality Assurance tests, and ultimately the input loading criteria for the equipment system; a design approach to structural reliability which is supported by the Design Guide, including some ground rules for tailoring natural frequency and damping to optimize the inherent dynamic resistance of the equipment package; and a roadmap through the Design Guide, and a qualitative overview of the design relevant information contained in Volume III and the application and limitations of the analytical procedures outlined in Volume II.

In the developmental milestones of Rasashastra, use of metals in combined form plays a very significant role. Today modern pharmacologists and scientists are struggling very hard to find out new safe and efficacious drugs with the help of combinatorial chemistry and co ordination chemistry. But ancient Rasa scholars have already developed and utilized such drugs clinically with wonderful results. One such novel combinatorial molecule is” Pittala”Rasashastra has too many mineral and metallic drugs, among them Pittala is one such Mishra loha which is the combination of Tamra and Yashada in the ratio of 2 1, as it inherits property of both metals that makes it more efficacious in therapeutic action . Pittala Having tikta rasa, ruksha guna and lekhana property and it is considered as best Krimighna. Also indicated in Pandu, Kamala, Kushta Roga, and Vataroga. Bhasmeekarana is that process by which inorganic substances like metals and minerals are converted into a safe non toxic, biocompatible and non elemental component. As Nano the particle size, better will be the absorption rate.Maarana of Pittala with two different procedures is an attempt to focus on rationality behind exploring different procedures for maarana of Pittala. Dr. Poojitha C D | Dr. Ravi R Chavan | Dr. Usha M "Pharmaceutico - Analytical Study of Pittala Bhasma with Two Different Maarana Procedures - A Comparative Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-5 , October 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd59983.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/59983/pharmaceutico--analytical-study-of-pittala-bhasma-with-two-different-maarana-procedures--a-comparative-study/dr-poojitha-c-d

In the developmental milestones of Rasashastra, use of metals in combined form plays a very significant role. Today modern pharmacologists and scientists are struggling very hard to find out new safe and efficacious drugs with the help of combinatorial chemistry and co ordination chemistry. But ancient Rasa scholars have already developed and utilized such drugs clinically with wonderful results. One such novel combinatorial molecule is” Pittala”Rasashastra has too many mineral and metallic drugs, among them Pittala is one such Mishra loha which is the combination of Tamra and Yashada in the ratio of 2 1, as it inherits property of both metals that makes it more efficacious in therapeutic action . Pittala Having tikta rasa, ruksha guna and lekhana property and it is considered as best Krimighna. Also indicated in Pandu, Kamala, Kushta Roga, and Vataroga. Bhasmeekarana is that process by which inorganic substances like metals and minerals are converted into a safe non toxic, biocompatible and non elemental component. As Nano the particle size, better will be the absorption rate.Maarana of Pittala with two different procedures is an attempt to focus on rationality behind exploring different procedures for maarana of Pittala. Dr. Poojitha C D | Dr. Ravi R Chavan | Dr. Usha M "Pharmaceutico - Analytical Study of Pittala Bhasma with Two Different Maarana Procedures - A Comparative Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-5 , October 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd59983.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/59983/pharmaceutico--analytical-study-of-pittala-bhasma-with-two-different-maarana-procedures--a-comparative-study/dr-poojitha-c-d

In the developmental milestones of Rasashastra, use of metals in combined form plays a very significant role. Today modern pharmacologists and scientists are struggling very hard to find out new safe and efficacious drugs with the help of combinatorial chemistry and co ordination chemistry. But ancient Rasa scholars have already developed and utilized such drugs clinically with wonderful results. One such novel combinatorial molecule is” Pittala”Rasashastra has too many mineral and metallic drugs, among them Pittala is one such Mishra loha which is the combination of Tamra and Yashada in the ratio of 2 1, as it inherits property of both metals that makes it more efficacious in therapeutic action . Pittala Having tikta rasa, ruksha guna and lekhana property and it is considered as best Krimighna. Also indicated in Pandu, Kamala, Kushta Roga, and Vataroga. Bhasmeekarana is that process by which inorganic substances like metals and minerals are converted into a safe non toxic, biocompatible and non elemental component. As Nano the particle size, better will be the absorption rate.Maarana of Pittala with two different procedures is an attempt to focus on rationality behind exploring different procedures for maarana of Pittala. Dr. Poojitha C D | Dr. Ravi R Chavan | Dr. Usha M "Pharmaceutico - Analytical Study of Pittala Bhasma with Two Different Maarana Procedures - A Comparative Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-5 , October 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd59983.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/59983/pharmaceutico--analytical-study-of-pittala-bhasma-with-two-different-maarana-procedures--a-comparative-study/dr-poojitha-c-d

A literature survey was undertaken to identify Class A poisons and to identify candidate field detection methods for each poison of interest to this study. The literature obtained on each candidate method was judged by the following criteria method complexity, field adaptability, reagent shelf life, interference levels, detection sensitivity, reagent cost and reagent toxicity. Candidate procedures were found for arsine, bromoacetone, cyanogen chloride, ethyl and methyldichloro-arsine, cyanogen, germane, hydrocuanic acid, nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, phosgene, diphosgene, phosphine, phenylcarbylamine chloride, dichloro (2-chloro-vinyl) arsine, dichlordiethyl sulfide.

A method for isolating extractable tributyltin and dibutyltin from soft tissues of marine organisms is presented. Analyses by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry and by gas chromatography with both flame ionization detection and mass spectrometry are described. There has been increasing national and international concern about the effects of tributylins on the marine environment . Tributyltins (TBT) are introduced into the waterways predominantly from their use as antifouling agents in marine paints. These coatings , which release the biocide into the water column, are extensively used on commercial and recreational vessels and are proposed for use on naval ships in the near future. Due to toxic nature of TBT, there is an extreme need to assess its impact and fate in relation to non-target organisms. To evaluate the interactive roles of TBT and marine organisms, it is necessary to effectively isolate, identify, and quantify TBT and, at times, its alleged degradation products, di- and monobutyltins (DBT and MBT). The analytical procedures presented here are those currently used to quantify either (a) extractable TBT only, or (b) both TBT and DBT in various marine organisms. Because it is doubtful that any one method will be effective in all situations, development of the analytical procedures is an ongoing process. For this reason, it is stressed that the procedures presented here are (at the time of this writing) most effective for the samples encountered in this laboratory. The thorough (almost cookbook style) presentation is meant to inform the reader of the complete methods currently in use at NOSC and is by no means intended to be an analytical code or rule.

TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Foreword v Preface vii Foreword to the 1946 Edition ix Acknowledgments, 1946 Edition xi Maps xviii Charts xix Chapter I. — Introduction 1 Chapter II. — A Critical Review of Ninth Air Force Operations 7 A. General Operational Considerations 7 B. Pre-Invasion Tactical Air Offensive. (16 October 1943-5 June 1944) 12 C. Campaign of Normandy. (6 June 1944-24 July 1944) . ... 19 D. Campaign of Western France and Brittany. (25 July 1944-25 August 1944) 26 E. Campaign of Eastern France and the Siegfried Line. (26 August 1944-15 December 1944) 31 F. Campaign of the Ardennes. (16 December 1944-28 January 1945) 40 G. Campaign West of the Rhine River. (29 January 1945-24 March 1945) 43 H. Campaign of Central Germany, Austria, and Czechoslovakia. (25 March 1945-7 May 1945) 46 I. Maps of Abbve Campaigns Chapter III. — A Critical Review of Ninth Air Force Organization 49 A. Organization and Build-Up 49 B. Organization of Commands: 1. IX Fighter Command 66 2. IX Tactical Air Command 68 3. XIX Tactical Air Command 69 4. XXIX Tactical Air Command . 70 5. XII Tactical Air Command 72 Chapter III. — A Critical Review of Ninth Air Force Organization — Continued B. Organization of Commands — Continued 6. 9th Bombardment Division 72 7. IX Troop Carrier Command 74 8. IX Air Defense Command 76 9. IX Engineer Command 79 10. IX Air Force Service Command 84 C. Summary of Organization 90 D. Charts: 1. Organization of the Ninth Air Force as of 8 December 1943 2. Organization of the Ninth Air Force as of 29 February 1944 3. Organization of the Ninth Air Force as of 9 June 1944 4. Organization of the Ninth Air Force as of 24 November 1944 5. Organization of the Ninth Air Force as of 8 May 1945 Chapter IV. — Conclusions and Recommendations: External 93 (Derived from an analysis of Ninth Air Force relationships with lateral and higher headquarters of the ground and air forces). A. General 93 1. "Aviation in Support of Ground Forces" (FM 31-35) . 93 2. Control of Air Power 94 3. Troop Basis of the Original Organizational Plan ... 94 4. Requirement for Theater Air Headquarters and Statement of War Department Policy for Co-Equal Air- Ground Headquarters 96 5- Authorized Representation of WD and Hq AAF in the Theater 98 6. Comparative Rank — Air Forces and Ground Forces . . 98 7. Replacement Training 99 8. Basic Air Defense Doctrine and Policy 100 9. Procurement, Screening and Dissemination of Intelligence 101 10. Intelligence Officers 101 11. Air Forces Class I, II, III and IV Supply 102 12. Requirement for Joint Air-Ground Traffic Priority Board 103 13. Requirements for Theater Weather Service 103 14. Internal Combustion Engine Types 104 15. Experimental Photography 104 Chapter V. — Conclusions and Recommendations: Internal 105 (Derived from an analysis of the general internal organization and operation of the Ninth Air Force). A. General 1. Tactical Air Command — Army Team 105 2. Operational Air-Ground Headquarters Proximity . . . 105 3. Air-Ground Planning 105 4. Exchange of Air-Ground Personnel for Orientation . . 106 5. Tactical Bombardment Employment 107 6. The Medium and Light Bombardment Combat Wing Headquarters 107 7- Requirement for a Weather Reconnaissance Squadron . 108 8. Organization of IX Engineer Command 108 9. Engineer Aviation Units 109 10. Signal Equipment and Aircraft for Engineer Command 109 11. Establishment or an Air Defense Command 109 12. Area of Air Defense Command Responsibility .... 110 13. AAA Under the Tactical Air Command 110 14. Close Association of AAA Units with Air Force Units . 111 15. Administration and Supply of Air Defense Command . 112 B. Air Force Headquarters 112 1. Division of Headquarters 112 2. Air Force Headquarters under Directorate System . . . 112 3. Reorganization in Combat 113 4. Operational Coordination Between Air and Ground Staffs 11$ 5. Duplicate Operations Equipment for Air Force and TAC Headquarters 114 C. Personnel 115 1. Filler Replacements 115 2. Replacement Pools 115 3. Specialists 116 4. Flow of Replacement Crews 116 5. Rotation of Combat Crews 116 6. Rotation of Non-Combat Crew Personnel 117 7. Decorations 117 8. Battle Honor Awards 118 D. Intelligence 118 1. Intelligence Reports 118 2. Post-Mission Reporting 118 3. Intelligence Publications 119 4. Aircraft Identification 119 Chapter V. — Conclusions and Recommendations: Internal — Continued D. Intelligence — Continued 3. Signal Intelligence 119 6. Intelligence Communications System 120 7. Photo Intelligence 120 E. Operations, Plans, Organization and Training ...... 121 1. Air Force Control of Tactical Air Operations 121 2. Mobility and Flexibility in Operational and Organizational Planning 122 3. Application of Air Power During Static Ground Situation ... 122 4. Isolation of the Battlefield: Phase 2 Operations .... 122 5. Close Air Cooperation: Phase 3 Operations 123 6. Ground Direction of Aircraft to Targets 123 7. Armored Column Cover 123 8. Tactical Air Liaison Officer Qualifications 124 9. Ground Liaison Officers with Air Units 124 10. Filtering of Army Requests for Close Cooperation ... 124 11. Counter-Flak Fire 124 12. Bombers in a Tactical Air Force 125 13. Provision for Precision Instrument Bombing 125 14. Targets of Opportunity for Airborne Medium Bombers . 125 15. Inadequacy of Night Striking Forces 126 16. Coordinated Control of AAA 126 17. Combat Crew Training 126 18. Headquarters Administrative Type A/C Allotment. . . 127 19. Movement Authorization Within the Air Force .... 127 20. Desirability for Close Relationship of Combat Operations, Flak and Target Intelligence Sections 128 21. Separate Combat Operations Section 129 22. Establishment of the Operational Research Section . . 129 23. Supervision of Operational Research Activities and Reports 129 F. Supply, Maintenance and Transport 130 1. Air Force Supply and Maintenance Section 130 2. Combat Commander — Service Commander 130 3. AADA versus Air Depot Group System of Operation . . 131 4. Service Group, Special, versus Service Group 131 5. Assignment of Service Group, Special 131 6. Utility of Mobile Reclamation and Repair Squadrons . . 132 7- Inadequacy of Truck and Motor Transport in Air Force 132 F. Supply, Maintenance and Transport — Continued 8. Requirement for Two Drivers per Vehicle in Truck Companies 133 9. Air Transport Shortage 133 10. Utilization of Air Force Beach Detachments 133 11. Chemical Maintenance Company in Air Force .... 134 12. Photographic Supply and Repair 134 G. Reconnaissance and Photography 134 1. Requirement for Separate Reconnaissance and Photo Section 134 2. Reconnaissance Allotments to a Tactical Air Force . . . 134 3. Need for Reconnaissance at Air Force Level 135 4. Night Photo Reconnaissance Requirement 135 5. Need for a _ Photo-Interpretation and Reproduction Center . . . 136 6. Gut Camera Film Processing 136 7. Integration of Reconnaissance and Photo Sections ... 136 H. Communications 137 1. Signals Consideration in Headquarters Siting 137 2. Signals and Communications Organizations ...... 137 3. VHF Radio for Medium and Light Bombardment Aircraft 139 4. "Y" Service 139 I. Air Inspector (Special Staff) 139 1. Tactical Air Force Inspection System 139 J. Public Relations (Special Staff) 140 1. Requirements for Ground Photo Units Assigned or Attached to PRO Section 140 2. Availability of Information of Operational Nature to PRO Section 141 3. Press Camps 141 K. Finance (Special Staff) 141 1. Finance Column in Command Headquarters T/O .... 141 L. Medical (Special Staff) 142 1. Effective Use of the Medical Dispensaries (Avn) .... 142 2. 1 Expeditious Movement of Hospitals 142 3. Simplification of Medical Reports 142 4. Rotation of Medical Officers to Hospitals 143 5. Promotion of Medical and Dental Officers 143 Bibliography 144 Abbreviations 146 MAPS Facing page 48 1. Campaign of Normandy, Air & Ground Operations, Phase I, 6 June-24 July 1944. 2. Campaign of Western France & Brittany, Air & Ground Operations, Phase II, 25 July-26 August 1944. 3. Campaign of Eastern France & Seigfreid Line, Air & Ground Operations, Phase III, 26 August-16 December 1944. 4. Campaign in the Ardennes, Air & Ground Operations, Phase IV, 16 December-28 January 1945. 5. Campaign West of the Rhine River, 'Air & Ground Operations, Phase V, 28 January-24 March 1945. 6. Campaign of Eastern Germany, Austria & Czechoslovakia, Air & Ground Operations, Phase VI, 24 March-9 May 1945. CHARTS Facing page 92 1. Organizational Chart of the Ninth Air Force, 8 December 1943. 2. Organizational Chart of the Ninth Air Force, 29 February 1944. 3. Organizational Chart of the Ninth Air Force, 9 June 1944. 4. Organizational Chart of the Ninth Air Force, 24 November 1944. 5. Organizational Chart of the Ninth Air Force, 8 May 1945. Page 97 Suggested Theater Level Organization Digitized by http://www.afhso.af.mil/

The rate at which performance improves during training; and the extent to which information is retained during intervals without practice, is a concern of those who plan and manage military training. This report documents the development and features of a model to investigate issues regarding acquisition and retention of complex, military skills. The modeling effort focused on procedural armor tasks. Learning and retention models were developed for eight tasks performed by the driver, gunner, and loader positions in the M60A1 tank. Sequencing control was modeled using the SAINT (System Analysis of Integrated Networks of Tasks) simulation system. Psychological models described acquisition, retention, retrieval and choice of task information. Models were validated by comparing their predictions to two samples of data, one composed of soldiers in training, and one from soldiers in operational armor units.

This report is the second in a series devoted to presenting the analytical procedures and mathematical formulations required to construct a computer model of a military communication satellite system, load it efficiently with the radio signals required to support an operational scenario, and assess its vulnerability to jamming. It does not address the implementation of the model. Like MR-639-AF/A, the first report of this series, the analysis is restricted to nonprocessing, frequency-translating (or 'bent-pipe') transponders. However, instead of being operated in the linear mode, as was necessary there to accommodate the frequency-division-multiplexed, nonantijam signals being considered, the transponders here are considered to be driven deliberately into saturation and to behave like hard limiters. This is done to obtain the best possible performance (in a jamming environment) of the direct-sequence, spread-spectrum signals of interest. Such so-called anti-jam signaling is important to military communications because of the significant protection it can provide against jamming.

This report is the second in a series devoted to presenting the analytical procedures and mathematical formulations required to construct a computer model of a military communication satellite system, load it efficiently with the radio signals required to support an operational scenario, and assess its vulnerability to jamming. It does not address the implementation of the model. Like MR-639-AF/A, the first report of this series, the analysis is restricted to nonprocessing, frequency-translating (or 'bent-pipe') transponders. However, instead of being operated in the linear mode, as was necessary there to accommodate the frequency-division-multiplexed, nonantijam signals being considered, the transponders here are considered to be driven deliberately into saturation and to behave like hard limiters. This is done to obtain the best possible performance (in a jamming environment) of the direct-sequence, spread-spectrum signals of interest. Such so-called anti-jam signaling is important to military communications because of the significant protection it can provide against jamming.

This article is from Chemistry Central Journal , volume 6 . Abstract Background: Saccharide materials have been used for centuries as binding media, to paint, write and illuminate manuscripts and to apply metallic leaf decorations. Although the technical literature often reports on the use of plant gums as binders, actually several other saccharide materials can be encountered in paint samples, not only as major binders, but also as additives. In the literature, there are a variety of analytical procedures that utilize GC-MS to characterize saccharide materials in paint samples, however the chromatographic profiles are often extremely different and it is impossible to compare them and reliably identify the paint binder. Results: This paper presents a comparison between two different analytical procedures based on GC-MS for the analysis of saccharide materials in works-of-art. The research presented here evaluates the influence of the analytical procedure used, and how it impacts the sugar profiles obtained from the analysis of paint samples that contain saccharide materials. The procedures have been developed, optimised and systematically used to characterise plant gums at the Getty Conservation Institute in Los Angeles, USA (GCI) and the Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry of the University of Pisa, Italy (DCCI). The main steps of the analytical procedures and their optimisation are discussed. Conclusions: The results presented highlight that the two methods give comparable sugar profiles, whether the samples analysed are simple raw materials, pigmented and unpigmented paint replicas, or paint samples collected from hundreds of centuries old polychrome art objects. A common database of sugar profiles of reference materials commonly found in paint samples was thus compiled. The database presents data also from those materials that only contain a minor saccharide fraction. This database highlights how many sources of saccharides can be found in a paint sample, representing an important step forward in the problem of identifying polysaccharide binders in paint samples.

A methodology for the reliability analysis of a reusable solid rocket motor case is discussed. The analysis is based on probabilistic fracture mechanics and probability distribution for initial flaw sizes. The developed reliability analysis is used to select the structural design variables of the solid rocket motor case on the basis of minimum expected cost and specified reliability bounds during the projected design life of the case. Effects of failure prevention plans such as nondestructive inspection and the material erosion between missions are also considered in the developed procedure for selection of design variables. The reliability-based procedure can be modified to consider other similar structures of reusable space vehicle systems with different failure prevention plans.

A methodology for the reliability analysis of a reusable solid rocket motor case is discussed. The analysis is based on probabilistic fracture mechanics and probability distribution for initial flaw sizes. The developed reliability analysis is used to select the structural design variables of the solid rocket motor case on the basis of minimum expected cost and specified reliability bounds during the projected design life of the case. Effects of failure prevention plans such as nondestructive inspection and the material erosion between missions are also considered in the developed procedure for selection of design variables. The reliability-based procedure can be modified to consider other similar structures of reusable space vehicle systems with different failure prevention plans.

Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards

ICH Harmonised Tripartite Guideline Validation Of Analytical Procedures Text And Methodology Q 2( R 1))

ICH Harmonised Tripartite Guideline Validation Of Analytical Procedures Text And Methodology Q 2( R 1))

A primary object of the program is to relate the amount of combustion products formed to the unit mass of propellant burned. To do this, it will be necessary to relate the amount of material sampled and analyzed to the amount of CO, Carbon dioxide, and Hydrogen in that sample. The relative amounts of these three gases will be determined to establish the temperature at which equilibrium is frozen in the combustion products gases through thermodynamic equilibrium computer calculations on the combustion product composition for the specific propellant formulation used. An additional benefit of the proposed analytical scheme is that the amounts of all chemical species formed in the combustion products can be directly related to the amount of Co,CO2 or H2 present in the breech gas. Carbon monoxide concentrations are often monitored routinely when assessing health problems associated with weapon systems. Such data,when coupled with the chemical analyses derived in the program, will allow assessments to be made of likely operating personnel exposures to a large number of trace species. Analyses will be made for the following chemical species that may be present in propellant combustion gases: Gaseous aldehydes; Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, Gas phase trace organics including mono and diaomatics. Inorganic gases and metals (particulates). Combustion gases will be sampled from the gun barrel, via the gun breech, and from spent casings.

A primary object of the program is to relate the amount of combustion products formed to the unit mass of propellant burned. To do this, it will be necessary to relate the amount of material sampled and analyzed to the amount of CO, Carbon dioxide, and Hydrogen in that sample. The relative amounts of these three gases will be determined to establish the temperature at which equilibrium is frozen in the combustion products gases through thermodynamic equilibrium computer calculations on the combustion product composition for the specific propellant formulation used. An additional benefit of the proposed analytical scheme is that the amounts of all chemical species formed in the combustion products can be directly related to the amount of Co,CO2 or H2 present in the breech gas. Carbon monoxide concentrations are often monitored routinely when assessing health problems associated with weapon systems. Such data,when coupled with the chemical analyses derived in the program, will allow assessments to be made of likely operating personnel exposures to a large number of trace species. Analyses will be made for the following chemical species that may be present in propellant combustion gases: Gaseous aldehydes; Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, Gas phase trace organics including mono and diaomatics. Inorganic gases and metals (particulates). Combustion gases will be sampled from the gun barrel, via the gun breech, and from spent casings.

Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards

A study to develop analytical procedures to be used in the checkout and calibration of a flutter wind tunnel model of the DAST ARW-1 wing equipped with a flutter suppression device is reported. The methods used to obtain a realistic simulation of the structural inertial and aerodynamic properties of the wing, the hydro-electro-servo actuator used for flutter suppression, a prediction of the open loop flutter speed at a fixed Mach number (.897), a procedure for checkout and calibration using the method frequency response of a wing mounted accelerometer, and an analytical representation of a reduced state approximation of the overall system are described.

A study to develop analytical procedures to be used in the checkout and calibration of a flutter wind tunnel model of the DAST ARW-1 wing equipped with a flutter suppression device is reported. The methods used to obtain a realistic simulation of the structural inertial and aerodynamic properties of the wing, the hydro-electro-servo actuator used for flutter suppression, a prediction of the open loop flutter speed at a fixed Mach number (.897), a procedure for checkout and calibration using the method frequency response of a wing mounted accelerometer, and an analytical representation of a reduced state approximation of the overall system are described.

A study to develop analytical procedures to be used in the checkout and calibration of a flutter wind tunnel model of the DAST ARW-1 wing equipped with a flutter suppression device is reported. The methods used to obtain a realistic simulation of the structural inertial and aerodynamic properties of the wing, the hydro-electro-servo actuator used for flutter suppression, a prediction of the open loop flutter speed at a fixed Mach number (.897), a procedure for checkout and calibration using the method frequency response of a wing mounted accelerometer, and an analytical representation of a reduced state approximation of the overall system are described.

Methodological aspects of the application of analytical procedures in the audit of property, plant and equipment are studied in the article. As a result of the research, proposals were developed to improve the use of analytical procedures in the audit of property, plant and equipment.

The application of analytical procedures has become an integral part of the audit process and indications are that the applications are that the application of these procedures will increase in audits of the future. The factors that are causing a shift in audit methodologies towards increasing the application of analytical procedures are the adaptation of a business risk audit methodology, technological advancements and the incorporation of non-financial information in an audit. These factors enable the auditor to incorporate both financial and non-financial information into decision making and thus develop more precise expectations. Numerous studies have been conducted in various countries on the auditor's application of analytical procedures in the audit process.

A gas chromatograph technique for the analysis of NF3 is described wherein N2, CO(O2), NO, CF4, NF3, CO2, N2O, SF6 and possibly N2F2 are separated isothermally on a single column. In addition, a simple total reactive fluoride measurement is presented.

The objective of this study was to perform preliminary laboratory evaluation of as many of the selected Class A poison detection techniques as possible within the time constraints of the program. Each of these methods was tested, when possible, for their limits of detection, reproducibility of test results, accuracy, maximum sample volume necessary, and cross sensitivities to other Class A poisons. The methods to be evaluated were for arsine, hydrogen cyanide, cyanogen chloride, nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, lewisite, phosgene, mustard gas, and phosphine.

The objective of this study was to perform preliminary laboratory evaluation of as many of the selected Class A poison detection techniques as possible within the time constraints of the program. Each of these methods was tested, when possible, for their limits of detection, reproducibility of test results, accuracy, maximum sample volume necessary, and cross sensitivities to other Class A poisons. The methods to be evaluated were for arsine, hydrogen cyanide, cyanogen chloride, nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, lewisite, phosgene, mustard gas, and phosphine.

An analytical study has been made to determine how well current boundary layer prediction techniques work when there is mass transfer normal to the wall. The data that were considered in this investigation were for two-dimensional, incompressible, turbulent boundary layers with suction and blowing. Some of the bleed data were taken in an adverse pressure gradient. An integral prediction method was used three different porous wall skin friction relations, in addition to a solid-surface relation for the suction cases. A numerical prediction method was also used. Comparisons were made between theoretical and experimental skin friction coefficients, displacement and momentum thicknesses, and velocity profiles. The integral method with one of the porous wall skin friction laws gave very good agreement with data for most of the cases considered. The use of the solid-surface skin friction law caused the integral to overpredict the effectiveness of the bleed. The numerical techniques also worked well for most of the cases.

An analytical study has been made to determine how well current boundary layer prediction techniques work when there is mass transfer normal to the wall. The data that were considered in this investigation were for two-dimensional, incompressible, turbulent boundary layers with suction and blowing. Some of the bleed data were taken in an adverse pressure gradient. An integral prediction method was used three different porous wall skin friction relations, in addition to a solid-surface relation for the suction cases. A numerical prediction method was also used. Comparisons were made between theoretical and experimental skin friction coefficients, displacement and momentum thicknesses, and velocity profiles. The integral method with one of the porous wall skin friction laws gave very good agreement with data for most of the cases considered. The use of the solid-surface skin friction law caused the integral to overpredict the effectiveness of the bleed. The numerical techniques also worked well for most of the cases.

An analytical study has been made to determine how well current boundary layer prediction techniques work when there is mass transfer normal to the wall. The data that were considered in this investigation were for two-dimensional, incompressible, turbulent boundary layers with suction and blowing. Some of the bleed data were taken in an adverse pressure gradient. An integral prediction method was used three different porous wall skin friction relations, in addition to a solid-surface relation for the suction cases. A numerical prediction method was also used. Comparisons were made between theoretical and experimental skin friction coefficients, displacement and momentum thicknesses, and velocity profiles. The integral method with one of the porous wall skin friction laws gave very good agreement with data for most of the cases considered. The use of the solid-surface skin friction law caused the integral to overpredict the effectiveness of the bleed. The numerical techniques also worked well for most of the cases.

An analytical study has been made to determine how well current boundary layer prediction techniques work when there is mass transfer normal to the wall. The data that were considered in this investigation were for two-dimensional, incompressible, turbulent boundary layers with suction and blowing. Some of the bleed data were taken in an adverse pressure gradient. An integral prediction method was used three different porous wall skin friction relations, in addition to a solid-surface relation for the suction cases. A numerical prediction method was also used. Comparisons were made between theoretical and experimental skin friction coefficients, displacement and momentum thicknesses, and velocity profiles. The integral method with one of the porous wall skin friction laws gave very good agreement with data for most of the cases considered. The use of the solid-surface skin friction law caused the integral to overpredict the effectiveness of the bleed. The numerical techniques also worked well for most of the cases.

An analytical study has been made to determine how well current boundary layer prediction techniques work when there is mass transfer normal to the wall. The data that were considered in this investigation were for two-dimensional, incompressible, turbulent boundary layers with suction and blowing. Some of the bleed data were taken in an adverse pressure gradient. An integral prediction method was used three different porous wall skin friction relations, in addition to a solid-surface relation for the suction cases. A numerical prediction method was also used. Comparisons were made between theoretical and experimental skin friction coefficients, displacement and momentum thicknesses, and velocity profiles. The integral method with one of the porous wall skin friction laws gave very good agreement with data for most of the cases considered. The use of the solid-surface skin friction law caused the integral to overpredict the effectiveness of the bleed. The numerical techniques also worked well for most of the cases.

An analytical study has been made to determine how well current boundary layer prediction techniques work when there is mass transfer normal to the wall. The data that were considered in this investigation were for two-dimensional, incompressible, turbulent boundary layers with suction and blowing. Some of the bleed data were taken in an adverse pressure gradient. An integral prediction method was used three different porous wall skin friction relations, in addition to a solid-surface relation for the suction cases. A numerical prediction method was also used. Comparisons were made between theoretical and experimental skin friction coefficients, displacement and momentum thicknesses, and velocity profiles. The integral method with one of the porous wall skin friction laws gave very good agreement with data for most of the cases considered. The use of the solid-surface skin friction law caused the integral to overpredict the effectiveness of the bleed. The numerical techniques also worked well for most of the cases.

An analytical study has been made to determine how well current boundary layer prediction techniques work when there is mass transfer normal to the wall. The data that were considered in this investigation were for two-dimensional, incompressible, turbulent boundary layers with suction and blowing. Some of the bleed data were taken in an adverse pressure gradient. An integral prediction method was used three different porous wall skin friction relations, in addition to a solid-surface relation for the suction cases. A numerical prediction method was also used. Comparisons were made between theoretical and experimental skin friction coefficients, displacement and momentum thicknesses, and velocity profiles. The integral method with one of the porous wall skin friction laws gave very good agreement with data for most of the cases considered. The use of the solid-surface skin friction law caused the integral to overpredict the effectiveness of the bleed. The numerical techniques also worked well for most of the cases.

An analytical study has been made to determine how well current boundary layer prediction techniques work when there is mass transfer normal to the wall. The data that were considered in this investigation were for two-dimensional, incompressible, turbulent boundary layers with suction and blowing. Some of the bleed data were taken in an adverse pressure gradient. An integral prediction method was used three different porous wall skin friction relations, in addition to a solid-surface relation for the suction cases. A numerical prediction method was also used. Comparisons were made between theoretical and experimental skin friction coefficients, displacement and momentum thicknesses, and velocity profiles. The integral method with one of the porous wall skin friction laws gave very good agreement with data for most of the cases considered. The use of the solid-surface skin friction law caused the integral to overpredict the effectiveness of the bleed. The numerical techniques also worked well for most of the cases.

Contents:Analytical procedures:Parameter evaluation--sample composition and size, filament material, mounting technique, filament temperatures and heating techniques.Analyses of particular elements--Individual procedures--Bromine, Cesium, Chlorine, Chromi

This procedure manual consists of four volumes. Volume I contains sampling, Volume II: Project Quality Assurance Plan, Volume III: Project Health and Safety Plan, Volume IV: Project Specific Analytical Methods Manual. -BKA

Physically completed open contracts are an administrative and financial burden to the government. The Air Force had a procedure for the early closeout of cost-type contracts overage due to overhead negotiation. This procedure was superseded by an early closeout procedure subsequently published in the Defense Acquisition Regulation (DAR). The primary objectives of this thesis are to (1) compare current data to previous data which indicated that overhead negotiation was the primary reason for overage contracts to determine if this condition still exists and (2) determine if the DAR early closeout procedure is accomplishing its goal. This study concludes that (1) negotiations of overhead continue to be the primary reason for contracts becoming overage; and (2) the DAR procedure hinder the early closeout of contracts by certain contractors who were previously agreeable to closing contracts using the Air Force procedure. The latter conclusion attributed to the increased cost risk to the contractor. It recommended that a more flexible procedure be adopted for the early closeout of physically completed cost-type contracts. This flexibility will allow procedural variations to be used as required by each particular situation.

The article highlights important areas of using analytical operations at the initial stage of audits for the effective organization of audit activities in our republic in a competitive economy and improving the quality of its work.

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