What Is This Thing Called Philosophy of Language?

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Contents -- List of figures and tables -- Preface -- Introduction -- 1 eight preparatory notes -- 2 cognitive meaning and expressive meaning -- 3 meaning and force -- 4 context-dependence -- 5 the roles of propositions -- 6 compositionality, structure and understanding -- note -- 1 Naive semantics and the language of logic -- 1 naive theory: singular terms, predicates and reference -- 2 truth and meaning for atomic sentences -- 3 logical syntax and logical operators -- historical notes -- chapter summary -- study questions -- primary reading -- notes -- 2 Fregean semantics -- 1 two problems for naive semantics -- 2 the sense-reference distinction -- 3 the distinction extended -- 4 compositionality again -- the reference of a sentence -- 5 applying the theory -- 6 substitutivity and extensionality -- 7 the analysis of propositional attitudes -- 8 the objectivity of sense -- 9 predicate reference and the concept horse problem -- 1 0 further discussion: the context principle -- historical notes -- chapter summary -- study questions -- primary reading -- secondary reading -- notes -- 3 Russellian semantics -- 1 the task for russell -- 2 the theory of definite descriptions -- 3 Applying the theory of descriptions -- 4 names as disguised definite descriptions -- 5 knowledge by acquaintance and knowledge by description -- historical notes -- chapter summary -- study questions -- primary reading -- secondary reading -- notes -- 4 Russell’s Theory of Judgement, The Early Wittgenstein, and Logical Positivism -- propositions, facts, and russell’s theory of judgement -- The -- Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus -- verificationism i: ayer -- verificationism ii: carnap’s logical empiricism -- the vienna circle and the protocol debate -- historical notes -- chapter summary -- study questions -- primary reading -- secondary reading -- notes -- 5 Kripke on naming and necessity -- 1 necessity, possibility and possible worlds: a primer -- 2 the descriptivist paradigm -- 3 kripke’s objections to the description theory of proper names -- 4 rigid designation -- 5 fixing the reference i: causal chains -- 6 fixing the reference ii: descriptions -- 7 lingering issues from russell and frege -- 8 further discussion: intensional semantics -- historical notes -- chapter summary -- study questions -- primary reading -- notes -- 6 Context dependence, indexicality and natural kinds -- 1 indexicals and demonstratives -- 2 putnam on natural kind terms and essence -- 3 is meaning in the head? -- 4 the actual world as a context -- 5 two-dimensionalism: context of utterance versus circumstance of evaluation -- 6 further discussion: rigid designation again -- 7 the indispensability of indexicals -- 8 indexicals and fregean sense -- historical notes -- chapter summary -- study questions -- primary reading -- note -- 7 Pragmatics -- 1 mood and force revisited -- 2 speech act theory -- 3 implicature -- 4 some applications of the concept of implicature -- 5 presupposition -- strawson’s and donnellan’s objections to russell’s theory of descriptions -- 6 metaphor -- historical notes -- chapter summary -- study questions -- primary reading -- secondary reading -- note -- 8 The propositional attitudes -- 1 extensionality revisited -- 2 referential opacity and frege on the attitudes -- 3 further discussion: multiple hyper-intensional embedding -- -- 4 de re and -- de dicto necessity -- -- 5 de re and -- de dicto belief -- 6 ralph’s predicament -- 7 belief attributions and explicit indexicals -- belief -- de se -- 8 an implicit indexical element -- 9 direct reference, the attitudes, and the semantic -- de re -- historical notes -- chapter summary -- study questions -- primary reading -- notes -- 9 Davidson’s philosophy of language -- 1 methodology -- 2 the general form of a theory of meaning -- 3 the exact form of a theory of meaning -- 4 the empirical confirmation of a theory of meaning: radical interpretation -- 5 the principle of charity and the interdependence of belief and meaning -- historical notes -- chapter summary -- study questions -- primary reading -- secondary reading -- notes -- 10 Quine’s philosophy of language -- 1 quine’s naturalism -- 2 the jungle linguist -- 3 indeterminacy -- 4 meaning and analytic truth -- 5 the argument of ‘two dogmas of empiricism’ -- 6 quine proposes replacement, not analysis -- 7 the place of naturalism -- historical notes -- chapter summary -- study questions -- primary reading -- secondary reading -- 11 The Late Wittgenstein -- 1 language games -- 2 family resemblance, tools and cities -- 3 to follow a rule i -- 4 to follow a rule ii -- 5 private language -- historical notes -- chapter summary -- study questions -- primary reading -- secondary reading -- 12 Modern directions -- assertion -- context-relativity -- fictional objects -- inferentialism -- slurs -- chapter summary -- study questions -- primary reading -- secondary reading -- Glossary -- Bibliography -- Index

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