THE MEANING OF OUR EXISTENCE - Info and Reading Options

"THE MEANING OF OUR EXISTENCE" Table Of Contents:

• 1- TABLE OF CONTENTS
• 2- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
• 3- CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................1
• 4- CHAPTER II: OUR PLACE IN THE UNIVERSE......................................................................................................9
• 5- CHAPTER III: DO YOU SEE HOW IMPRESSIVE THINGS ARE AROUND US? ........................................ 18
• 6- CHAPTER IV: THE CONCEPT THAT SAYS GOD IS THE CREATOR OF EVERYTHING...................... 28
• 7- IV. 1. What is the Nature of God?.................................................................................................................. 32
• 8- IV.2. Vitalism........................................................................................................................................................ 35
• 9- IV.3. Fear and Beliefs........................................................................................................................................ 37
• 10- The Carrot and the Stick ...................................................................................................................................40
• 11- The Placebo Effect...............................................................................................................................................43
• 12- IV.4. What Makes Humans Believe in A Supernatural Power?........................................................ 46
• 13- IV.5. Beliefs Are Not Permanent – They Can Change over Time..................................................... 52
• 14- CHAPTER V: THE CONCEPT THAT SAYS BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION HAS CREATED ALL LIVING
• 15- BEINGS ............................................................................................................................................................................ 55
• 16- V.1. Evidence from Fossil Records.............................................................................................................. 57
• 17- V.2. Evidence from Comparative anatomy .............................................................................................. 57
• 18- V.3. Evidence from Biogeography............................................................................................................... 58
• 19- V.4. Evidence from Molecular Biology....................................................................................................... 59
• 20- V.5. Evidence from Embryology and Genetics ....................................................................................... 60
• 21- V.5.A. Gene-Shuffling (Crossovers).......................................................................................................... 62
• 22- V.5.B. Mutations ............................................................................................................................................. 63
• 23- V.5.C. Radiation Related Mutation .......................................................................................................... 66
• 24- V.5.D. Inbreeding ........................................................................................................................................... 68
• 25- CHAPTER VI: HOW DID THE UNIVERSE, GALAXIES, STARS AND ........................................................ 75
• 26- PLANETS FORM?......................................................................................................................................................... 75
• 27- VI.1. The Steady-State Universe................................................................................................................... 75
• 28- VI.2. The Big Bang Theory.............................................................................................................................. 77
• 29- VI.2.A. Introduction....................................................................................................................................... 77
• 30- VI.2.B. The theory.......................................................................................................................................... 79
• 31- VI.2.C. Cosmic Inflation (Or Simply, Inflation)................................................................................... 82
• 32- VI.2.D. Expansion........................................................................................................................................... 88
• 33- 7
• 34- VI.2.E. Dark energy Fills The Universe And Makes It Expand ..................................................... 92
• 35- VI.2.F. CMB (Cosmic Microwave Background) Radiation ............................................................. 94
• 36- VI.2.G. Redshift ............................................................................................................................................... 95
• 37- VI.3. Big Bang Chronology Of Our Universe ............................................................................................ 97
• 38- Timelines.................................................................................................................................................................98
• 39- VI.4. What Fills The Empty Space Of Our Universe?..........................................................................100
• 40- VI.4.A. Aether Fills the Universe............................................................................................................101
• 41- VI.4.B. Spacetime Is The Fabric Of The Universe............................................................................104
• 42- VI.5. Big Bang May Not Be the Ultimate Model to Explain the Origin of the Universe.........105
• 43- VI.6. Why Do We Support The Big Bang Idea In This Book? ............................................................107
• 44- VI.7. What Was Before The Big Bang? .....................................................................................................107
• 45- VI.8. Elementary Particles and Force Fields .........................................................................................108
• 46- VI.9. Hydrogen – The Common Ancestor of All Other Elements...................................................115
• 47- How did hydrogen form from pre-existing protons and neutrons?............................................ 115
• 48- VI.10. The Formation of Stars And Black Holes...................................................................................120
• 49- Black Holes.......................................................................................................................................................122
• 50- VI.11. Galaxies and Dark Matter ................................................................................................................127
• 51- Galaxies..............................................................................................................................................................127
• 52- Dark Matter......................................................................................................................................................129
• 53- Possible Candidates for Missing Mass – WIMP and MACHO........................................................130
• 54- Possible Candidates for Missing Energy – Graviton........................................................................132
• 55- VI.12. Emergence of the Solar System.....................................................................................................133
• 56- VI.13. What We Need For Life to Rise: The Third Rock, The Earth And Its Moon.................133
• 57- VI.14. What We Need For Life to Rise: the Oceans .............................................................................136
• 58- VI.15. What We Need For Life to Rise: Right Amounts of Sunlight................................................137
• 59- VI.16. What We Need For Life to Rise: The Right Atmosphere .....................................................138
• 60- VI.17. Predictions: How will the Present Universe End? .................................................................141
• 61- CHAPTER VII: SOME SALIENT FEATURES OF LIFE ON EARTH.............................................................146
• 62- VII.1. Everything We See in our World is Made of Vibrating Atoms ...........................................146
• 63- VII.2. All Living Creatures Are Made Of Cells.........................................................................................147
• 64- VII.3. Every Living Cell Works Like a Sophisticated Chemical Factory......................................154
• 65- VII.4. How Do Cells Group Together And Make Tissues, Organs, and Organisms? .................156
• 66- VII.5. All Living Organisms Need Energy to Sustain Life .................................................................159
• 67- How Do Plants Source Their Energy?....................................................................................................... 159
• 68- 8
• 69- How Do Animals Source Their Energy?................................................................................................... 160
• 70- VII.6. All living Organisms Reproduce to Continue their Existence ............................................160
• 71- VII.7. Anything Which Comes to Life is Bound to Die, but Some Seem to Cheat Death.......162
• 72- Programmed Cell Death................................................................................................................................. 165
• 73- Can some animals cheat death?.................................................................................................................. 165
• 74- Is immortality possible?................................................................................................................................. 167
• 75- Will humans ever figure out how to cheat death? .............................................................................. 168
• 76- VII.8. A Living Thing Can Only Come from Another Living Thing – At Least For The Time
• 77- Being .......................................................................................................................................................................168
• 78- VII.9. The Afterlife and The Soul – Who Says What? .........................................................................169
• 79- VII.10. The Brain is the Command Centre, but Not the Home for the Soul...............................174
• 80- How and When the Soul Enters and Leaves the Body....................................................................... 174
• 81- Location of the Soul – Is it in the Heart or the Brain?........................................................................ 175
• 82- VII.11. Everything Decomposes into Atoms, Which Are Recycled to Form New Things....178
• 83- VII.12. Food is Recycled Within a Food-Chain (Pecking Order) System ...................................179
• 84- VII.13. Life is Part of a Dynamic System Which Evolves Continuously......................................181
• 85- CHAPTER VIII. WHERE AND HOW DID LIFE EMERGE?....................................................................183
• 86- VIII.1. Requirements for Life to Come into Existence .......................................................................183
• 87- VIII.2. The Extra-Terrestrial Origin Hypotheses .................................................................................184
• 88- VIII.3. Terrestrial Origin - Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vents and the Little Pond Hypotheses
• 89- ...................................................................................................................................................................................187
• 90- VIII.3.A. Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vents .............................................................................................187
• 91- VIII.3.B. The Little Pond and Primordial Soup Hypothesis.........................................................191
• 92- VIII.4. Attempts to Make Living Cell from Inanimate Precursors in the Laboratory............192
• 93- CHAPTER IX. THE TREE OF LIFE - THE RISE OF HUMANS....................................................................208
• 94- IX.1. What is LUCA? - The Mother Of All Living Things ....................................................................208
• 95- IX.2. Tree of Life Diagrams - How Did This Diversity Come About?............................................210
• 96- Three-Domain Diagram ..............................................................................................................................211
• 97- Two-Domain Diagram .................................................................................................................................215
• 98- IX.3. Pre-LUCA time ........................................................................................................................................216
• 99- IX.4. The Rise of Humans ..............................................................................................................................220
• 100- CHAPTER X. THE MACHINERY THAT MAKES HUMANS TICK................................................................226
• 101- X.1. How Do We Perceive Things?.............................................................................................................227
• 102- X.2. How Do Cells Produce Electricity? ...................................................................................................230
• 103- 9
• 104- X.3. Electrical Workings of The Heart BEAT.........................................................................................232
• 105- X.4. All in the Brain..........................................................................................................................................238
• 106- X.5. How The Mind and Brain Are Related ............................................................................................242
• 107- X.6. What is Memory?.....................................................................................................................................245
• 108- X.7. How Does The Brain Make Decisions? ...........................................................................................253
• 109- X.8. Consciousness and the Brain..............................................................................................................257
• 110- X.9. What is Reality? .......................................................................................................................................262
• 111- CHAPTER XI: THERE IS MORE TO THIS THAN MEETS THE EYE..........................................................268
• 112- XI.1. Introduction.............................................................................................................................................268
• 113- XI.2. What is Substrate? - The Substrate Idea ......................................................................................270
• 114- XI.3. Negative Mass: The Antigravitating Quanta .................................................................................276
• 115- XI.4. The Paradox of Infinite Amount of Energy At Absolute Universal Ground State...........280
• 116- XI.5. Absolute True And False Vacuum (Or Ground) States ...........................................................284
• 117- XI.6. Containing The Runaway Energy of the Big Bang ....................................................................285
• 118- XI.7. Living Beings Are Renewable Potential Energy Silos................................................................290
• 119- CHAPTER XII: WHY DO LIVING THINGS WANT TO STAY ALIVE? ........................................................292
• 120- XII.1. Why Every Living Being Wants To Exist?....................................................................................295
• 121- XII.2. The Universe Wants to Stay Alive – Just Like Living Beings...............................................298
• 122- CHAPTER XIII. DOES NATURE KNOW WHAT IT IS DOING?...................................................................300
• 123- XIII.1. It is All Natural and Out of Chaos .................................................................................................300
• 124- Self-assembly and self-organisation......................................................................................................303
• 125- Fractal Theory.................................................................................................................................................305
• 126- XIII.2. It Is All From Bits ................................................................................................................................307
• 127- XIII.3. Is The Universe Capable Of Self-Teaching And Self-Organizing ......................................311
• 128- CHAPTER XIV: SUMMARY - CONCLUSIONS .................................................................................................314
• 129- EPILOGUE: JOURNEY TO THE INFINITE .......................................................................................................321

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