The Creed Explained ; Or, An Exposition Of Catholic Doctrine : According To The Creeds Of Faith And The Constitutions And Definitions Of The Church - Info and Reading Options

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CONTENTS. THE CREED EXPLAINED. Introductory Treatise on Faith. CHAPTER I. Faith, its Definition and Division. 1. Faith, its various meanings. — 2. Its definition as a supernatural virtue. — 3. The virtue of faith resides in the intellect. — 4. It is the first of Supernatural virtues, but not the first grace. — 5. The division of faith. — 6. The difference between divine faith and divine-Catholic faith 1 — 4 CHAPTER II. The Object and Motive or Faith. 1. — The primary object of faith. — 2. The formal object of faith, or the motive of faith. — 3. The material object of faith. — 4. The Decree of the Vatican Council as to the object of faith. — 5. The Summary of the truths that are the object of divine-Catholic faith. — 6. Propositions and conclusions deduced from revealed truths. — 7. The rule by which we may know whether such conclusions belong to the object of faith or not 6 — 9 CHAPTER III. The Certitude and Obscurity of Faith. 1. The two-fold certitude of faith. — 2. God cannot reveal anything false — 3. What is false cannot be the object of faith. — 4. The subjective certitude of faith. — 5. The assent of faith more certain and firm than the assent of science. — 6. Obscurity of faith, its meaning. — 7. The object of faith essentially obscure. — 8. Two acts, one of faith, and one of science, may be elicited about the same truth, but one and the same act cannot be one of faith and of science. — 9. The acts of mental knowledge which precede faith. — 10. The obscurity of faith illustrated 10 — 18 CHAPTER IV. The Necessity of Faith for Salvation. 1. The necessity of means (necesritas medii) and the necessity of precept (necessitai pracepti) in the matter of salvation. — 2. Faith necessary as a means to salvation. — 3. The four dogmas necessary to be believed by explicit faith. — 4. The precept of faith negative and affirmative, and the obligations arising from it. — 5. The precept in regard to the external profession of faith. — 6. The application of the doctrine concerning the necessity of faith. 14 — 18 CHAPTER V. The Liberty of Faith. 1. The assent given to the truths of faith is voluntary and free. — 2. The freedom of faith illustrated, and shown from the object and obscurity of faith. — 3. No one can be forced to believe 19 — 21 CHAPTER VI. The Integrity of Faith. 1. What is meant by the integrity of faith. — 2. A former habit or inclination of heresy is not necessarily and all at once destroyed by the virtue of faith. — 3. Any act of formal heresy destroys entirely and immediately the virtue or habit of faith in the soul. — 4. A heretic cannot elicit an act of divine or supernatural faith in any revealed truth. — 5. A man who rejects or denies even one truth of faith, cannot elicit an act of true faith in any dogma whatever 22 — 25 CHAPTER VII. On Heresy. 1. Heresy here referred to as the principal sin against faith amongst Christians. — 2. What is meant by heresy. — 3. Heresy objectively taken, or an heretical proposition. — 4. Heresy subjectively taken or considered as a sin in the soul. — 5. Ignorance excuses from formal heresy 26-29 CHAPTER VIII. The Credibility of Faith, and the Motives of its Credibility. 1. The fact of revelation ; and Catholic dogmas are evidently credible. — 2. The same amount of knowledge of the motives of credibility is not required in all. — 3. In order to accept revealed religion, the motives of credibility should be examined. — 4. Prophecy, its nature and object. — 5. The three conditions required for a true prophecy. — 6. Prophecy is possible. — 7. God alone is the Author of prophecy. — 8. The rules by which we may distinguish true from false prophecies. — 9. Prophecies are motives of the credibility of the Christian religion. — 10. Miracles, their nature and the conditions of a true miracle. — 11. The possibility of miracles. — 12. God alone is their efficient cause. — 13. The divinity of the Christian religion proved by miracles. — 14. Especially by the miracle of Christ's resurrection 30 — 40 CHAPTER IX. The Articles and Creeds of Faith. 1. What is meant by an Article of Faith. — 2. The conditions required for an Article of Faith as understood in the "Creeds." — 3. The reason why the truths of faith are divided into Articles. — 4. In what sense have the Articles of Faith increased? — 5. The "Creeds," the meaning of a Creed or Symbol of faith. — 6. The Apostles' Creed : why so called. — 7. The reason why the Apostles composed it. — 8. The division of the Creed : its twelve Articles. — 9. The Feasts of the Church, on which certain Articles of the Creed are commemorated. — 10. The obligations of Catholics in regard to the "Creed" 41 — 48 CHAPTER X. The Other Creeds of Faith. 1. The Nicene Greed — its history, and its additions to the Apostles' Greed. — 2. Its introduction into the Liturgy of the Mass, and why recited on certain days. — 3. The full text of the Nicene Greed. — 4. The Athanasian Greed — its object, its authorship, and its use in the Church. — 5. The full text of the Athanasian Greed. — 6. The Profession of Faith of Pope Pius IV. — 7. A Shorter Form of Profession of Faith 49 — 57 The Apostles' Creed. ARTICLE I SECTION 1. (ARTICLE I.) The Name of God and His Nature of Essence. 1. The Name of God. — 2. The Nature of God. — 3. Three revelations regarding the nature of God. — 4. Errors condemned by the Vatican Council in regard to the existence and nature of God 59 — 63 SECTION 2. (ARTICLE I.) The Existence of God. 1. Human knowledge can come with certainty to the knowledge of the existence of God. — 2. The proofs of the existence of God are a posteriori arguments, that is, from the effects to the cause. — 3. The first argument may be taken from the fact that things exist. — 4. The second argument is from motion : existing things move. — 5. The third is taken from Life. — 6. The fourth from the order which we observe in the Universe. — 7. Three arguments in favour of the existence of God taken from the spiritual order, namely, intelligence, heart and will. — 8. No one can be invincibly ignorant of the existence of God. — 9. The propositions containing the doctrine of faith in regard to the existence of God 64 — 69 SECTION 3. (ARTICLE I.) The Perfections and Attributes of God. 1. The common notion of the Deity, and the particulars in which it consists. — 2. The perfections of God, and what is meant by them. — 3. Three sorts of perfections. — 4. The difference between perfections as applied to creatures and to God, and the manner in which all perfections of creatures are contained in God. — 5. The first of the divine perfections, namely, Ateitas or self-existing. — 6. The Attributes of God, and how are they distinguished? — 7. The unity of God, and why God is one. — 8. The simplicity of God, and the sense in which God is said to be simple. — 9. Errors opposed to the simplicity of God. 70 — 74 SECTION 4. (ARTICLE I.) Intelligence, Love and Life in God, and other Absolute Attributes. 1. The Intelligence, Love and Life in God. — 2. The Divine intellect, and the extent of the knowledge of God. — 3; What is meant by Love as attributed to God, and what is its object? — 4. God does not love all things equally ; and His love for intelligent beings is different from that which He has for His other creatures. — 5. Life as attributed to God, and the sense in which God is Life. — 6. What is meant by immutability? — 7. God is immutable. — 8. The special difficulty in regard to the immutability arising from the work of God, viz., Creation. — 9. God is eternal. — 10. The idea which we form of eternity, and how it is distinguished from aevum and tempus. — 11. What is meant by immensity, and how distinguished from Omnipresence. — 12. God is immense and everywhere present ; and in a special manner present : (a) in the souls of the just ; (b) in the humanity of Christ ; (c) in His temples and Churches ; (d) in the assemblies of the faithful ; (e) the three Divine Persons present to each other by circuminsession 75 — 82 SECTION 5. (ARTICLE I.) The Relative Attributes or God. 1. The relative Attributes of God — goodness, power and providence. — 2. The sense in which God is free to create or not to create. — 3. Goodness in its three-fold sense — natural, moral and relative. — 4. This three-fold goodness is in God in the highest degree. — 5. The answer to the difficulty : why it is that so many evils exist, God being infinitely good? — 6. The meaning of God's Omnipotence. — 7. The meaning of the word Almighty, and the extent of God's dominion over all His creatures. — 8. Why God is called Omnipotent, and the object of His Omnipotence. — 9. What is meant by the Providence of God? — 10. God disposes and governs all things by His Providence. — 11. The special Providence of God for rational beings, and the answer to the difficulty, why the just are afflicted, and the wicked prosper in this world? 88 — 89 SECTION 6. (ARTICLE I.) The Holy Trinity. 1. The dogma of the Holy Trinity as ex- pressed in the Athanasian Creed : what is meant by it? — 2. No clear idea can be formed of this Mystery, although we have some imperfect representations of it in creatures. — 3. The most accurate representation of the Blessed Trinity is to be found in our own soul. — 4. This Mystery is also ineffable ; the example of St. Augustine. — 5. It is the principal Mystery, and the foundation of the Christian faith. — 6. We obtain the knowledge of this Mystery by revelation. — 7. Proofs of the Holy Trinity taken from the Old Testament. — 8. Proofs from the New Testament. — 9. Proofs from Tradition. — 10. This Mystery is not opposed to reason, but above it. — 11. The knowledge which the Jews had in the Old Dispensation of this Mystery, and the reasons of its obscurity then. — 12. The obligation of believing explicitly in the Holy Trinity in the New Law. — 13. The Holy Trinity as the basis of all revealed religion, and the centre of all devotion 90 — 97 SECTION 7. (ARTICLE I.) God the Father : The First Person of the Blessed Trinity. I. The three names proper to the First Person of the Holy Trinity : Father, Principium and Utibegottcn. — 2. The sense in which God is called our Father, and the sense in which He is called the Father of His only begotten Son. — 3. The difference between the Divine Sonship, and that arising from human generation 98 -100 SECTION 8. (ARTICLE I.) The Creation of the World. 1. God considered in His external works, that is, in the works of His creation. — 2. Three questions in regard to the origin of the world. — 3. Pantheism, its meaning, its most celebrated advocate. — 4. The world is not and cannot be God, — 5. Spinosa's definition of substance, and the sense in which it is false. — 6. The opinion that the world was made by chance, or by a necessity of nature and its advocates. — 7. The reasons why the world could not come into existence by chance, or the fortuitous combination of atoms. — 8. The world is not the result of necessity. — 9. The true doctrine of the origin of the world. — 10. The world was not made from matter, eternal and unproduced. — 11. God made the world out of nothing by creation. — 12. The time of the world's creation : (a) the world is not from eternity, but created in time, (b) the question of the possibility of eternal creation. — 13. The question as to the age of the world and the age of the human race. — 14. Three opinions as to the age of the world 101 - 111 ARTICLE II. 112 SECTION 1. (ARTICLE II.) Christ's Name and Sonship. 1. The additions made in this Second Article in the Nicene Creed. — 2. Jesus is Our Lord's name, Christ is Our Lord's title. — 3. The three great offices to which men were anointed : Prophet, Priest and King. 4. Jesus Christ, the only-begotten Son of God. — 5. The Divine Processions, their nature and division. — 6. The Procession of the Son is called generation, and not the Procession of the Holy Ghost. — 7. What is meant by generation ; and why is the Procession of the Son called generation, and not the Procession of the Holy Ghost. — 8. His eternal Sonship 112 -118 SECTION 2. (ARTICLE II.) The Divinity of Christ. 1. The meaning of the word consubstantial. — 2. The Son the Second Person is consubstantial with the Father. — 3. Scriptural proofs of the Divinity of Christ : (a) To Him divine powers and rights are attributed. (b) To Him divine honours are to be given, (c) Christ affirmed His Divinity by His words, (d) The disciples and Jews understood the words of Christ as asserting His Divinity. 4. The Divinity of the Word [] as proved from the first portion of the Gospel of St. John 119 - 124 ARTICLE III 125 SECTION 1. (ARTICLE III.) The Incarnation. 1. The meaning of the Incarnation. — 2. Jesus Christ is truly God. — 3. Christ is really and truly man. — 4. Christ has a true human body. — 5. Christ, the Word of God, took to Himself a true human soul. — 6. The Personal or Hypostatic union of the two natures in Christ, and in Christ there are these two natures, Divine and human. — 7. There is only one Person in Christ ; to wit, the Person of the Son of God. — 8. Nestorius, his heresy, and its condemnation. — 9. Eutyches, his heresy, and its condemnation. — 10. The doctrine of one Person and two natures in Christ as expressed in the Creed of St. Athanasius. — 11. The Communieatio Idiomatum : its meaning. — 12. It is denned as a dogma of faith that the blessed Virgin is the Mother of God. — 13. The rules to be observed in speaking of Christ according to the Communieatio Idiomatum 125 — 133 SECTION 2. (ARTICLE III.) The Conception of Christ ob the Manner or His Incarnation. 1. — The Gospel narrative of the Conception or Incarnation of Christ. — 2. An Angel announces the Mystery. — 3. The doctrine of Mary's Virginity revealed ; or proved from the definition of the Church and the explicit testimony of Holy Scripture, and from congruous or becoming reasons. — 4. The detestable heresy of Helvidius and the reasons of its condemnation. — 5. Three objections against the perpetual virginity of the Blessed Virgin answered. — 6. Mary's question, and the answer given by the Angel : "The Holy Ghost shall come upon thee" &c. — 7. The threefold work which was accomplished in one and the same instant, in the Mystery of the Incarnation. — 8. The action of Mary and of the Holy Ghost in the accomplishment of this Mystery. — 9. At the instant the Blessed Virgin gave her consent in the words, "Behold the handmaid of the Lord," &c. ; the word became flesh and dwelt among us. — 10. The Blessed Virgin, in the Conception of Christ, received a new and singular perfection of sanctity 134 — 142 SECTION 3. (ARTICLE III.) Christ Born of the Virgin Mary. 1. The signification of the name Mary : and its application to the Blessed Virgin. — 2. Mary's condition and the special title by which she is known. — 3. The Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin : its definition and meaning. — 4. The Dogma of the Immaculate Conception proved from Scripture, by tradition, and by reason. — 5. Mary's Maternity, or Mary's function in regard to the Conception and the Birth of Christ. — 6. The divine Maternity considered physically. — 7. The divine Maternity morally considered. — 8. Mary intercedes for us in heaven ; and the difference between her mediation and that of her Divine Son. — 9. The sense in which she may be said to cooperate with Christ in the work of Redemption. — 10. The title of Queen of heaven as applied to Mary. — 11. The sense in which devotion to the Mother of God may be said to be a sign of salvation. — 12. The special question in regard to those who wear the Scapular of the Blessed Virgin explained. 143 — 152 ARTICLE IV 159 SECTION 1. (ARTICLE IV.) Suffered Under Pontius Pilate. 1. The reason for the transition in the Creed from the Birth of Christ to His sufferings. 2. Pontius Pilate : the reason why his name is recorded in the Creed. — 3. The promised Messiah was to suffer. — 4. The sufferings of Christ were agreed upon by Him and the Father : they were revealed to the Prophets and delivered to the Church. — 5. The reason why the Messiah came in a state of suffering. — 6. All the sufferings agreed upon, revealed to the Prophets, and delivered to the Church, were endured by Jesus of Nazareth. — 7. The sufferings of Christ considered in His Person. — 8. What Christ suffered for us in His human nature, (a) in His body, (b) in His soul. — 9. The occasion and intensity of His sufferings. — 10. Lessons to be learned from this Article 159 — 167 SECTION 2 (ARTICLE IV.) The Passion of Christ. 1. The types of Christ crucified. — 2. The Crucifixion foretold by the Prophets. — 3. The chief sufferings of Christ. — 4. The Agony and Sweat of Blood. — 5. The Betrayal, which includes (a) the traitor's kiss ; (b) the arrest ; (c) Malchus. — 6. The Jewish or Ecclesiastical trial of Jesus. — 7. Jesus before Annas. — 8. The first trial before Caiphas. — 9. St. Peter's denial. — 10. The derision of Jesus. — 11. The third Jewish trial, or the second trial before Caiphas. — 12. The remorse and despair of Judas 168 — 177 SECTION 3. (ARTICLE IV.) The Passion of Christ. — Continued. 1. The first trial of Jesus before Pilate. — 2. The trial before Herod. — 3. The second trial of Christ before Pilate. — 4. Barabbas. — 5. The message of Pilate's wife. — 6. The choice of the people between Jesus and Barabbas. — 7. The scourging. — 8. The crowning with thorns : (a) the scarlet cloak, (b) the crown of thorns, (c) the reed. — 9. The Ecce Homo. — 10. Jesus is sentenced to death 178-186 SECTION 4. (ARTICLE IV.) The Crucifixion and Death of Christ. 1. The carrying of the Cross — (a) the Cross itself ; (b) Simon of Cyrene ; (c) the veil of Veronica ; (d) the women of Jerusalem. — 2. Calvary. — 3. The Vinegar and Gall. — 4. The fastening Him to the Cross. — 5. The title on the Cross. — 6. The parting of His garments and the seamless garment. — 7. Christ is mocked on the Cross. — 8. The last words of Christ from the Cross. — 9. The friends of Jesus who stood round the Cross. — 10. The darkness. — 11. The words Eli, Eli, lama Sabacthani : My God, my God, why hast Thou forsaken Me. — 12. The fifth word, I thirst. — 13. The sixth word, Consummatum est : It is finished. — 14. Christ dies 187 - 196 SECTION 5. (ARTICLE IV.) What Happened at the Death of Christ : His Burial. 1. The veil of the Temple. — 2. The earthquake. — 3. The Centurion. — 4. The taking down from the Cross ; (a) the creaking of the legs of the two robbers; (b) the opened side, and the blood and water. — 5. The question as to the physical cause of the death of Christ. — 6. St. John's final testimony to Christ. — 7. Joseph of Aramathea and Nioodemus. — 8. The Body of Jesus is taken down from the Cross. — 9. The Burial of Christ. — 10. The lessons inculcated by our belief in Christ's Burial. 187 — 196 ARTICLE V SECTION 1. (ARTICLE V.) 1. When the "Descent of Christ into hell" was introduced into the Creed. — 2. The meaning of this part of the Article. — 3. The meaning of the words — Hell, Gehenna, Hades, and Paradise, in the Jewish sense. — 4. The purpose of Christ's descent into Limbo. — 5. Dr. Lingard's notes on the descent of Christ into Limbo. — 6. The Resurrection of Christ on Easter Sunday ; why called Easter. — 7. The meaning of a Resurrection. — 8. Christ truly and properly rose from the dead. — 9. The Resurrection of Christ attested ; (a) By his various apparitions ; (b) By His enemies ; (c) By Angels. — 10. What Christ effected by His Resurrection. — 11. The Resurrection, the greatest of Christ's miracles 204 - 211 SECTION 2. ARTICLE V.) The History of the Resurrection. 1. The time of the Resurrection. — 2. The conduct of the guards. — 3. The earthquake, and the apparition of Angels, and apparent discrepancies accounted for. — 4. Mary Magdalene and two other holy women come to the tomb. — 5. The two Apostles, Peter and John, run to the tomb. — 6. The apparition to Mary Magdalene. — 7. Explanation of the words Touch me not. — 8. The other holy women go to the tomb and find not Jesus, but two Angels appear to them. — 9. His apparition to the holy women. — 10. The soldiers are bribed. — 11. Other apparitions of Christ : (a) To Peter ; (b) to the disciples going to Emmaus ; (c) to the Apostles assembled together, Thomas being absent ; (d) to the Apostles eight days after, Thomas being present ; (e) to the seven on the sea of Tiberias ; (f) the apparitions mentioned by St. Paul to as many as 500 assembled together. — 12. The Apostles could not have been deceived as to the fact of the Resurrection. — 13. The qualities of the resuscitated Body of Christ. — 14. The Wounds of His Passion retained in His glorified Body. — 15. The effects of Christ's Resurrection 212 — 221 ARTICLE VI. 1. The Ascension forty days after the Resurrection. — 2. The term of forty days a remarkable scriptural period, and Christ's work during that period. — 3. The Ascension represented in figures and foretold by the Prophets. — 4. The circumstances of the Ascension as to time, place, and persons present. — 5. His last blessing. — The apparition of Angels and their words. — 7. Those who accompanied Christ in His Ascension. — 8. What is meant by Heaven. — 9. The reasons of Christ's Ascension. — 10. The second part of the Article : sitteth at the right hand of God the Father Almighty, explained 222 - 227 ARTICLE VII. 1. Christ shall come again. — 2. The manner of His second coming. — 3. The purpose of His coming, and proofs of the future judgment. — 4. Those who are to be judged the Living and the Dead. — 5. Those things that are to fall under judgment. — 6. The final sentence and description of the last judgment. — 7. The execution of the sentence. — 8. The particular judgment at the death of each one. — 9. Some of the signs that are to precede the General Judgment : — (a) the falling off from the faith. — (b) Satan let loose on the earth. — (c) The Anti-Christian empire. — (d) Antichrist. — (e) Enoch and Elias will return to earth. — (f) The Church will be victorious. — (g) The sign of the Son of Man will be seen in the heavens. — (h) Christ will be seen coming in the clouds 228 - 236 ARTICLE VIII. 237 SECTION 1. (ARTICLE VIII.) 1. When this mystery is commemorated. The meaning of the words Pentecost ; Holy Ghost. — 2. The Holy Ghost is a Person and not a mere virtue or power of God. — 3. The objections of the Socinians to the Personality of the Holy Ghost answered. — 4. The Holy Ghost is God and Lord, that is, consubstantial with the Father and the Son. — 5. He is the Lifegiver. — 6. The Procession of the Holy Ghost : proofs of the Procession of the Holy Ghost from the Father and the Son. — 7. The addition of the bilioque to the Nicene Creed. — 8. The reason why He is called the third Person 237 - 243 SECTION 2. (ARTICLE VIII.) The Coming of the Holy Ghost and His Office. 1. The Office attributed to the Holy Ghost by the words : Who spoke by the Prophet. — 2. Mission understood as applied to the Divine Persons. — 3. The Father or First Person cannot be said to be sent. — 4. The Son and the Holy Ghost are sent (a) By an invisible mission ; (b) by a visible mission. — 5. Pentecost, [a) The injunction given to the Apostles ; (b) the upper room where they awaited the coming of the Holy Ghost ; (c) the names of the Apostles assembled there ; (d) their manner of preparation ; (e) the significance of the mention of the holy women and Mary the Mother of Jesus. — 6. The description of the descent of the Holy Ghost : (a) The sound from heaven ; (b) the parted tongues as it were of fire ; (c) those who received the gifts of the Holy Ghost ; (d) divers tongues. — 7. Dr. Lingard's Notes on this Mystery. — 8. The Mission of the Holy Ghost in the Church. — 9. The Seven Gifts of the Holy Ghost. — 10. The twelve Fruits of the Holy Ghost. — 11. The gratiae gratis datae (or graces gratuitously given) of the Holy Ghost 244 — 255 ARTICLE IX 256 SECTION 1. (ARTICLE IX.) The Institution of Establishment of the Church. 1. The meaning of the word Church : and what is included in its general meaning. — 2. The Church militant defined. — 3. The institution of the Church and its first Apostles, with St. Peter at their head. — 4. The Church to last for all time. — 5. The Church teaching (docens) and the Church believing (credens or discern). — 6. Christ instituted or founded the Church. — 7. The Church compared to a human being with body and soul. — 8. The Church considered as to its soul. — Who are in the soul of the Church? — 9. The Church considered as to its body, and who are they that belong to the body of the Church. The question as to (a) Occult heretics ; (b) infants and those not baptized ; (c) Catechumens ; (d) Apostates ; (e) the children of heretics; (f) those excommunicated. — 10. The Church a necessary society. — 11. The meaning of the proposition : "Out of the Church there is no salvation," and its truth. — 12. The distinction between fundamental and non-fundamental Articles of Faith cannot be admitted in the Protestant sense 256 — 264 SECTION 2. (ARTICLE IX.) he Visibility of the Church and Her Perpetuity. 1. Visibility in itself, and as applied to a society in its material and formal sense. — 2. What we are to understand by the visibility of the Church. — 3. The visibility of the Church proved from Scripture. — 4. Protestant theories in regard to the visibility of the Church. — 5. The Church's perpetuity: its meaning and truth 265 — 268 SECTION 3. (ARTICLE IX.) The Notes or Marks of the True Church. 1. The meaning of a Note or Mark of the Church, and its conditions. — 2. The true Church of Christ must have some Notes or Marks. — 3. The four Notes of the Church — Unity, Sanctity, Catholicity, and Apostolicity, — 4. These four have the conditions required for a true Note of the Church — 5. Unity, a true Note of the Church, and the reasons why the Church must be one, and the sense in which she is one. — 6. Sanctity, a true Note of the Church, and the sense in which the Church is holy. — 7. Catholicity as a Note of the Church (a) as to place, (b) as to time, (c) as to doctrine. — 8. Apostolicity as a Note of the Church. — 9. These four Notes flow from the original constitution of the Church, and each has the characters of a true and distinctive sign. — 10. Positive and Negative Notes — their meaning. — 11. The manner in which the Notes of the Church are applied as negative and positive. — 12. Neither the preaching of the pure Word of God, or the administration of the Sacraments, can be called a Note of the Church 269 — 278 SECTION 4. (ARTICLE IX.) The Application of the Notes to the Catholic Church. 1. The Catholic Church is one ; (a) in government; (b) in faith ; (c) in worship. — 2. The Sanctity of the Catholic Church. The meaning of sanctity, its division, its degrees. — 3. The Catholic Church is holy (a) in her doctrine ; (b) in the means of holiness which she possesses ; (c) in the fruits of sanctity within her. — 4. Catholicity applied to the Church. The meaning of the word Roman Catholic, the signification of the word Catholic, and the various kinds of Catholicity. — 5. The sense in which the true Church is Catholic. — 6. The Apostolicity of the Catholic Church, (a) She has her origin and doctrine from the Apostles, (b) She has the succession of Pastors uninterrupted from their time. — 7. She has the succession (a) of Orders and (b) of Jurisdiction. — 8. Summary, (a) The Roman Catholic Church possesses the Note of Unity, (b) She possesses the Note of Sanctity, (c) Of Catholicity, and (d) of Apostolicity. — 9. False Churches wanting (a) in Unity ; (b) in Sanctity ; (c) in Catholicity, and (d) in Apostolicity 279 — 288 SECTION 5. (ARTICLE IX.) The Properties of the Church. 1. The other chief properties of the Church. — 2. The Indefectibility of the Church, and the sense in which she is indefectible. — 3. The errors of heretics in regard to the Indefectibility of the Church. — The Infallibility of the Church. — 5. The three propositions of faith in regard to the Infallibility of the Church. — 6. Proofs of the Church's Indefectibility and Infallibility. — 7. Further proofs of the Infallibility of the Church. — 8. The object of Infallibility and the dogmas to which it extends. — 9. The Subject of Infallibility 289 — 295 SECTION 6. (ARTICLE IX.) Dogmatic and Moral Facts. 1. The meaning of Dogmatic and Moral facts. — 2. An enumeration of the principal Dogmatic and Moral facts. — 3. The approbation and condemnation of books. — 4. The authority of the Church in declaring whether a doctrine contained in a book is true or false. — 5. The authority of the Church in the Canonization of Saints. — The meaning of Canonization and beatification, and the difference between them ; the difference between public and private worship (cultus). — 6. The Church's infallibility in the Canonization of Saints proved. — 7. The authority of the Church in ruling or in her government. — 8. The meaning of the power of Order and Jurisdiction. — 9, The meaning of the Divine Hierarchy of the Church 296 — 304 CHAPTER 2. (ARTICLE IX) The Roman Pontiff. 1. The signification of the word Pope. — 2. Christ, the invisible Head of the Church, appointed a Vicar, or visible Head of the Church on earth. — 3. What is meant by the Primacy of honour and of jurisdiction. — 4. The Catholic doctrine regarding the Primacy of St. Peter and his successors. — 5. Scriptural proofs that Christ conferred the Primacy on St. Peter, (a) from St. John i. 42. (b) from St Matt. xvi. — the text explained, (c) from St. John xxii. 22. — 6. St. Peter exercised this power, and it was acknowledged by the other Apostles. — 7. Dr. Lingard's Note on the subject 305 — 311 SECTION 2. (ARTICLE IX.) The Primacy of the Roman Pontiff. 1. The Office was not personal to Peter, but was to pass to his successors. — 2. Christ wished the primacy to continue in His Church. — 3. The primacy conferred on St. Peter continues in the Roman Pontiff. — 4. The Roman Pontiff by divine right is the successor of St. Peter. — 5. An objection against the supremacy of the Roman Pontiff, and its answer 312 — 316 SECTION 3. (ARTICLE IX.) The Infallibility of the Roman Pontiff. 1. The Infallibility of the Pope is the consequence of his Primacy. — 2. The question as to whether the Roman Pontiff has passive Infallibility, that is whether his faith is infallible. — 3. The Infallibility of the Pope in teaching and as defined by the Church. — 4. When the Pope may be considered as speaking ex cathedra. — 5. The Decree of the Council of the Vatican on the Papal Infallibility. — 6. The Papal Infallibility proved from Scripture. — 7. The Papal Infallibility proved from tradition. — 8. No Pope has ever erred when speaking ex cathedra. — 9. Facts quote against the Papal Infallibility answered : — (a) the fall of Peter, (b) the fall of Liberius, (c) the case of Pope Honorios 317 — 324 SECTION 4. (ARTICLE IX.) The Papal Infallibility. — Continued. 1. The conditions required that a Papal definition be infallible. — 2. The assistance of the Holy Ghost, as distinguished from Inspiration or Revelation. — 3. The distinction between faith purely divine, and divine-Catholic faith. — 4. The Magisterium of the Church — special and ordinary. — 5. The objections of the heresiarch Dollinger against the Papal Infallibility answered. — 6. The four propositions of the Gallican convention held in 1682. — 7. Arguments from reason in favour of the Papal Infallibility 325 — 331 CHAPTER 3. (ARTICLE IX.) Bishops and General Councils. 1. The divine institution of Bishops. — 2. The meaning of a Council and the various kinds of Councils. — 3. The distinction between a General and an Ecumenical Council. — 4. The necessity and utility of Councils. — 4. Conditions required that a Council be Ecumenical (a) in its convocation. (b) In its celebration, (c) In its conclusion. — 5. The definitions of an Ecumenical Council are Infallible. — 6. The confirmation of decrees of an Ecumenical Council. — 7. The names and dates of the General and Ecumenical Councils of the Church. — 8. The authority of Councils 332 — 340 CHAPTER 4. (ARTICLE IX) The Exercise of the Legislative Authority of the Church, and Her Relations to Civil Society. 1. In what consists the authority of the Church? — 2. The object of this authority. — 3. The conditions required for its exercise. — 4. The independence of the Church. — 5. The rights of the Church : (a) To propagate her teaching, (b) To establish a hierarchy. (c) Free communication with the Sovereign Pontiff, (d) To train and educate her clergy, (e) To teach not only Theology but all the other Sciences. (f) To determine the conditions of marriage, (g) To possess both moveable and immoveable goods. — 6. The obligation of Society to be Christian. — 7. The duties of the State towards religion. — 8. The teaching of the indifference of the Civil power towards religion, or the separation of Church and State not to be admitted. — 9. Tolerance, as regards religion, properly understood. — 10. The most strenuous opponents of a Christian State are they to whom the alliance of the Civil power with the Church is intolerable. — 11. The Temporal power of the Pope, (a) Its origin, (b) Its lawfulness, (c) Its necessity. — 12. Summary of conclusions drawn from the teaching of the Church in regard to the temporal dominion and the temporal power of the Pope 311 — 357 CHAPTER 5. (ARTICLE IX.) The Communion of Saints. 1. What is meant by the Communion of Saints. — 2. The states of the Church militant, suffering, and triumphant. — 3. Who are they that are included in the Communion of Saints? — 4. Are sinners included in this Communion? — 5. Are those outside the Church to be included? — 6. The Communion of Saints extends to the souls in Purgatory, and to the Blessed in heaven. — 7. That in which this Communion consists — (a) Communion of the Saints with God and with the three Persons of the Blessed Trinity. (b) Communion between the Saints and Angels, (c) Communion with each other, (d) Communion of the Saints in heaven with the souls in Purgatory, and the faithful on earth, (e) Communion of the faithful on earth with the souls in Purgatory. (f) The Communion of the faithful on earth with each other. — 8. The external manifestations of spirits in this world. — These spirits that can and do appear. — 10. Rules by which true and good visions may be distinguished from those that are false or diabolical. — 11. Difference between the teaching of Ascetical Theology and Modern Spiritualism, in regard to communication with spirits and departed souls. — 12. Spiritualism a dangerous and unlawful practice. — 13. Exhortation of Bishop Milner on the subject of the invocation of Saints CHAPTER 6. (ARTICLE IX.) Purgatory. 1. What is Purgatory? — 2. The doctrine of Purgatory as defined by the Council of Trent, and the proofs of the doctrine from Sacred Scripture. — 3. The doctrine of Purgatory proved from tradition, and the reasons for this doctrine. — 4. The Place of Purgatory. — 5. The pains of Purgatory. — 6. The duration of the sufferings of the souls in Purgatory. — 7. The state of the suffering souls. — 8. Prayers for the Dead. — 9. The tradition of the Church in regard to prayers for the Dead. — 10. Suffrages to be offered for the souls in Purgatory. — 11. The suffrages of the living can benefit the dead. — 12. The manner in which the souls in purgatory can help themselves and others by prayer. — 13. Motives for devotion to the souls in Purgatory 368 — 369 ARTICLE X. SECTION 1. (ARTICLE X.) The Forgiveness of Sins. 1. The forgiveness of sins — its meaning. — 2. Christ gave the power of forgiving sins to the Apostles and their successors : whose sins you shall forgive they are forgiven them, and whose sins you shall retain they are retained. — 3. The means of forgiveness, the Sacraments of Baptism and Penance. — 4. Bin — its definition and meaning. — 5. The guilt and stain of sin. — 6. The distinction of sins as to their species or kind, and as to their number. — 7. The division of sins according to their specific and numeric distinction. — 8. Sins are not all connected together, and they are not all equal. — 9. The causes of sin — internal and external 380 — 388 SECTION 2. (ARTICLE X.) Original Sin. 1. Original Sin — its meaning. — 2. The existence of original sin as defined by the Church. — 3. The manner in which original sin is transmitted. — 4. Those who contract original sin. The Blessed Virgin exempt from it. — 5. In what consists the essence of original sin. — 6. The effects of original sin in this life. — 7. The effects of original sin in the next life 389 — 394 SECTION 3. (ARTICLE X.) Actual Sin and the Deadly Vices, &c. 1. Actual sin — its definition and the conditions required for it. — 2. The division of sin into mortal and venial, and how they may be distinguished. — 3. The various ways in which sins may be regarded as mortal and as venial. — 4. What is meant by light and grave matter in regard to sin. — 5. Conditions that diminish the guilt of sin, and that aggravate its guilt. — 6. Seven circumstances that may cause a venial sin to be grievous. — 7. The Capital Sins or Deadly Vices : (a ) Pride, (b) Avarice, (c) Luxury, (d) Envy, (e) Gluttony, (f) Anger, (g) Sloth. — 8. The six sins against the Holy Ghost. — 9. The four sins that cry to heaven for vengeance. — 10. The different ways in which one may be answerable for the sins of another 395 — 400 ARTICLE XI. 1. What is meant by the Resurrection of the Body? — 2. The Resurrection of the Body proved from Scripture — (a) from the Old, (b) from the New, Testament. — 3. Pledges of the future Resurrection. — 4. The dogma of the Resurrection of the flesh demonstrated by reason. — 5. Objections of rationalists to the dogma, and their refutation. — 6. All men shall rise again. — 7. The Time of the Resurrection. — 8. The state or condition of men in the Resurrection. — 9. The age, size, and sex of resuscitated bodies. — 10. The four qualities or gifts of a glorified body ; and the corresponding efects or penalties inflicted on the damned 401 — 409 ARTICLE XII 410 CHAPTER 1. (ARTICLE XII.) 1. The meaning of this Article. — 2. The difference of State between the just and the wicked in the future life. — 3. The meaning of the word hell. — 4. The doctrine of faith as to the existence of hell. — 5. The place of hell. — 6. The pains of hell : (a) the pain of loss, (b) the pains of the damned not equal, (c) the fire of hell, (d) the worms, the weeping and the gnashing of teeth. — 7. The eternity of the pains of hell. — 8. St. Thomas' reasons showing the equity of the duration of the torments of the damned. — 9. The sense in which those pains may be said to be infinite. — 10. The state of the lost souls as to intellect and will. — 11. Objections to the eternity of torments refuted. — 12. The punishment of children who die without Baptism in a state of original sin. 410 — 421 SECTION 2. (ARTICLE XII.) Heaven. 1. What is meant by heaven. — 2. The vision of God in heaven. — 3. No created intellect can naturally see God as He is Himself. — 4. A created intellect, aided supernaturally, can see God as He is in Himself. — 5. The light of Glory. — 6. The inequality of the Beatific Vision. — 7. The cause and the result of this inequality. — 8. Whether the Blessed comprehend God. — 9. The object of the Beatific Vision. — 10. The accidental Beatitude of heaven. — 11. The aureolae of glory. — 12. The vision, love and fruition of God by the Blessed. — 13. The inhabitants of heaven: (a) Human beings, (b ) Angels, (c) The Immaculate Mother of God, (d) Christ in His Sacred Humanity. — 14. The essential Beatitude of heaven. — 15. The eternity of heaven, and the everlasting life of the Blessed — 422 — 484 Digitized by Google.

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