Sensation And Experiences Perception - 2 - Info and Reading Options

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This study investigates how capable non-autistic participants believe autistic individuals to be of experiencing physical pain, and experiences of happiness and unhappiness. Perceptions of pain are known to vary by social groups of target individuals, with implications particularly for minority groups (e.g., Trawalter et al., 2012). Past research has shown autistic adults are believed to feel more pain than non-autistic adults. In a prior study, we found that autistic adults were believed to feel more pain than non-autistic people, but similar levels of happiness and unhappiness as non-autistic people. This suggests that autistic people are believed to be highly sensitive especially to pain, and not to (a) all negative experience, including pain and unhappiness; or (b) all experience, including negative experience like pain and unhappiness and positive experience like happiness. This suggests that autistic people are perceived as vulnerable and likely to come to harm, and not globally highly emotional. One possibility for why autistic adults are believed to be highly sensitive to pain is that they are infantilized. Children are believed to be highly sensitive to pain (e.g., Gray & Wegener, 2009), and autistic adults often report being treated as if they are children (e.g., Srinivasan, 2023). If autistic adults are infantilized, beliefs of autistic people's emotional experiences may overlap beliefs about children's emotional experiences. That is, autistic adults may be believed to feel happier than non-autistic adults in scenarios in which children are believed to feel happier than adults. Similarly, autistic adults may be believed to feel more unhappy than non-autistic adults in scenarios in which children are expected to feel more unhappy than adults. In a pilot study, we identified some scenarios in which children are believed to feel more happy or unhappy than adults. Participants rated how much happiness or unhappiness a child or an adult would feel in different situations. Of these situations, we selected those in which the child target was believed to feel more happiness or unhappiness than the adult target. In the present study, we will use these pilot-tested scenarios to ask participants to rate how happy or unhappy an autistic or a non-autistic adult target would feel in these situations. In addition, we will also use the physical pain scenarios from Trawalter et al. (2012) to replicate the finding that autistic target is believed to feel more pain than non-autistic target. We may find that the autistic target is believed to feel more happiness and unhappiness in our pilot-tested happiness and unhappiness scenarios which are perceived as being more evocative for children than for adults. This pattern of findings would be consistent with an infantilization account, where autistic people are perceived as child-like. Alternately, we may find that the autistic target's happiness and unhappiness ratings do not differ, although the autistic target is believed to feel more pain than non-autistic target. This may signify that autistic people are not globally infantilized, but are simply perceived to be weak and vulnerable.

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