Reallocating Visual Attention To The Peripheral Visual Field To Reduce Cybersickness - Info and Reading Options

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This study examines how visual attention can influence motion sickness symptoms during virtual reality navigation. Exposure to virtual reality (VR) environments often results in visually induced motion sickness (VIMS). Numerous studies documented the connection between VR exposure and VIMS symptoms, such as oculomotor discomfort, eyestrain, and nausea (Golding, 1998; Weech et al., 2019). VIMS in VR is referred to as Cybersickness (CS), which is considered as a subtype of VIMS (Palmisano et al., 2017). The sensory conflict theory suggested that CS is caused by the sensory conflicts between the visual and non-visual systems, with the most prominent being the mismatch between visual and vestibular inputs (Reason, 1978). Wei et al. (2018) proposed that visual attention reallocation can help mitigate CS. They measured the degree of attention allocation to the central and peripheral visual fields when experiencing vection - a visually induced self-motion illusion that commonly accompanies navigation in VR environments (Weech et al., 2019). The research team found that a higher level of attention to the peripheral visual field (PVF) was correlated with lower self-rated susceptibility to VIMS. The authors explained that reallocating visual attention to the PVF might minimize the visual-vestibular conflict by downplaying the role of vestibular inputs, while strengthening the reliability of visual motion inputs (Brandt et al., 2002). Additionally, participants who paid more attention to the PVF also achieved a more stable perception of vection, which might help to prevent CS. Previous study indicated that stable and reliable vection is less likely to induce VIMS (Bonato et al., 2008). However, Wei et al. (2018) only measured their participants’ VIMS susceptibly, without recording their actual VIMS level during vection. In addition, the participants underwent both a visual response task (as a measurement of their visual attention) and vection at the same time, which can be a potential confounder as cognitive distractions (e.g. solving a question) can reduce motion sickness by itself (Bos, 2015; Seno et al., 2011; Zhou et al., 2019). Furthermore, the observed finding seemingly contradicts the previous studies, which favor the idea that the higher field of view (FOV) positively correlates to CS severity (Lin et al., 2002; Seay et al., 2002). In other words, restricting visual information in the periphery helps to alleviate CS. Finally, as the authors did not manipulate visual attention, the relationship between visual attention and VIMS susceptibility is merely correlational. As such, it is difficult to conclude that attention reallocation can indeed reduce CS. The present study will attempt to address these limitations by directly measuring the participants’ experienced CS level during VR exposure. Subjects will perform a naturalistic VR navigation task that is expected to produce some motion sickness symptoms. Visual attention will be manipulated by varying the location of visual cues. In peripheral-cued condition, targets will be highlighted when they are in the outer periphery of the visual displays, which is expected to increase attention to the PVF (Frischen et al., 2007; Matsukura et al., 2014). In the central-cued condition, targets are highlighted only when in the center of the visual displays, which tend to increase attention to the central visual field (CVF). Additionally, in order to provide further evidence that visual attention during vection and VIMS susceptibility are indeed linked to one another, we will also be conducting the sustained attention to response tests (SART) that is similar to Wei et al. (2018). SART is a reaction task that aims to measure the degree of attention to the CVF and PVF. During the task, objects will appear on either the CVF or PVF area of the screen, and participants will be instructed to only react to certain objects.

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