OCD, Metacognition, And Cognitive Deficits Following An Induced "Not Just RIght Experience"- Follow Up - Info and Reading Options

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This study is a follow-up to our previous study, "OCD, Metacognition, and Cognitive Deficits Following an Induced "Not Just Right Experience." In our previous study, we aimed to examine the effect of feelings of incompleteness, or the "Not Just Right Experience," on executive function (EF) and metacognitive judgments among those with obsessive-compulsive tendencies (OCT). The purpose of our study was to provide evidence for the need for the development of more targeted treatment approaches for those who express the Not Just Right Experience (NJRE) as the main motivator for their OCD symptoms. In our study, we randomized participants into either an induction condition or a non-induction condition (both of which included a list of words to be remembered), measured their NJREs, and then measured their performance on executive function tasks. We also asked participants in each condition how many words they thought they would be able to recall from the list of words they were presented with 15 minutes from when they saw them. They were given a recall task 15 minutes later, and we compared their predicted scores to their actual recall scores to test their calibration. Here, we wanted to know if participants with obsessive-compulsive tendencies are good at determining how much the NJRE is affecting them. At the end of the study, participants took the Vancouver Obsessive Compulsive Inventory (VOCI) to determine their levels of OCT. Initially, our analysis looked at whether OCT score, induction vs non induction, or the interaction between them, were good predictors of EF score and calibration score. Our results found that OCT score had a negative relationship with cognitive flexibility, but not with working memory or response inhibition. Furthermore, neither induction vs non induction, nor the interaction had any effect on any measure of EF or calibration scores. However, when reviewing our data, we noticed that there were several outliers that may have been skewing the results. Specifically, there were 3 participants who obtained a score of 12 on the Backwards Digit Span task (the highest possible score) but had an exceptionally high OCT score, which ranged from 114 to 140. When we examined these 3 participants more closely on Qualtrics, we noticed some evidence that these participants may have been bots. Two of these participants had IP addresses that came from the same place in Africa, and these responses seemed to be almost identical in nature. They both took an unusually long time to finish the study (greater than 1 hour), and they both obtained the exact same OCT score (114). Research on Qualtrics bots has identified that bots usually take longer to complete a survey than a human participant and that responses from the same bot will appear repetitive (Hernandez, 2020). Additionally, the study was done using two Qualtrics surveys, as after participants completed Digit Symbol Substitution, they had to be redirected to an external site to complete Stroop and then redirected back to a separate Qualtrics survey after they completed Stroop. One of them did not have the same Qualtrics ID on the second Qualtrics survey as they did on the first. The third participant also had an IP address in Africa on the first Qualtrics survey, but when this same participant was redirected to the second part of the study (which was an entirely different Qualtrics survey), their IP address was then changed so that they appeared in Miami. This participant also took an unusually long amount of time to complete the survey and obtained an OCT score of 140. Therefore, we removed these three participants in the subsequent analysis. Furthermore, after defending my thesis at Kwantlen Polytechnic University, I was asked a question as to why I didn’t look at the NJRE score as a predictor variable and ignore the group entirely, as the NJRE score was really the construct I was interested in. Participants in both the induction group and the non-induction group may have been induced by an NJRE, as the non-induction group did not have an absence of NJREs (M = 7.12, SD = 9.79). So, I tested the partial correlation between OCT score and all 3 measures of executive function when controlling for NJRE score. Results revealed that before controlling for NJRE, OCT score was significantly correlated with the Backwards Digit Span score and Digit Symbol Substitution score, but not the Stroop score. After controlling for NJRE score, OCT score was no longer significantly correlated with either Backwards Digit Span Score or Digit Symbol Substitution score. This provided evidence that I needed to use a different analytical approach in testing my hypothesis. With this new information, we tested whether the NJRE score mediates or moderates the relationship between OCT score and Backwards Digit Span score, and OCT score and Digit Symbol Substitution score. We did not test a mediation or moderation of NJRE on the relationship between OCT score and Stroop score or calibration score, as no significant direct effect of OCT score was observed. Our results found that the NJRE is a moderator of the relationship between OCT and working memory and a mediator of the relationship between OCT and cognitive flexibility. Therefore, in our follow-up, we are seeking to replicate these findings using a direct replication of the previous study.

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