Neural Correlates Of Facial Emotion Processing And Language Development In The Second Year Of Life - Info and Reading Options

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Face processing has been shown to have a fundamental role to learn social skills and attend to social information (Rajhans et al., 2016). Facial emotion processing is critical to social cognitive ability, and previous research has suggested that language plays a role in the development of social cognitive skills, including non-verbal emotion recognition tasks. Bigelow et al. (2022) showed that several ERP components were correlated with language development during childhood, and that it depends on facial expression. They found that P100 latency for negative expressions increased with language, while Late Positive Potential (LPP) amplitude increased with language for negative and neutral expressions. Several Event-related Potential (ERP) components have shown to reflect these abilities. ERPs are defined as very small voltages generated in the brain structures in response to specific events or stimuli. Furthermore, N290 has been shown to reflect facial emotion processing in young children, with smaller amplitude in response to fearful expressions, compared to happy or neutral ones. Additionally, N290 amplitudes are reduced in young compared to older children; this is thought to be due to the high-level cognition that has been developed across time (van den Boomen; Xie et al., 2019). However, controversial findings for N290 amplitudes and latencies have been found. For instance, Rajhans et al. (2016) showed that no effects were observed for face-sensitive processing as reflected in the N290, thought to be involved in face encoding in infants. Therefore, the current study will provide insights about the neural correlates of infant facial emotion processing in the second year of life and will have the potential to serve as a reference on the typical development of the neural mechanisms underlying infant facial emotion processing. Therefore, using baseline visit data from the Kia Tīmata Pai (KTP) study, we aim to conduct cross-sectional analysis to investigate how N290 amplitude and latency 1) associate with age in early development 2) differ in response to different emotional stimuli (angry, fearful, happy faces). We will assess a total of 200 children, between 13 and 30 months old. EEG data were collected while infants were viewing images of angry, happy, and neutral faces. Furthermore, we will 3) investigate the relationship between N290 amplitudes and latencies, and oral language development. We expect to see greater amplitude and later latency to be associated with better performance in the oral language measures. The novelty of this study is the combination of EEG and oral language measures. Not many studies investigated the associations between these two variables across early development.

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