Individual Differences In Generalizing Fear Extinction Learning Across The Spectrum Of Trait Anxiety. - Info and Reading Options
By Edgar Nazarenus, Jan Richter and Eva-Lotta Brakemeier
“Individual Differences In Generalizing Fear Extinction Learning Across The Spectrum Of Trait Anxiety.” Metadata:
- Title: ➤ Individual Differences In Generalizing Fear Extinction Learning Across The Spectrum Of Trait Anxiety.
- Authors: Edgar NazarenusJan RichterEva-Lotta Brakemeier
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Exposure-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is currently the most recommended treatment choice for anxiety disorders (Bandelow et al., 2021). However, a substantial number of patients fail to benefit or experience a return of fear after treatment (Vervliet et al., 2013). The inhibitory model of exposure therapy suggests extinction learning to be a relevant mechanism of change (Craske et al., 2012). Extinction learning involves different memory processes that might affect fear reduction, including memory acquisition, (re ) consolidation, recall, retention, and generalization. Given the limited dose available during psychotherapeutic treatments, transfer of extinction learning to feared cues and contexts not considered during guided exercises is critical for long-lasting and effective treatment outcomes. However, contemporary science knows little about the specific process of fear extinction generalization. Therefore, this study investigates the existence of extinction generalization gradients, as already demonstrated in fear learning (e. g. Lissek et al., 2008). Three groups of 25 healthy subjects, each exhibiting low, moderate, and high levels of trait anxiety as assessed by the trait subscale of the State-Trait-Anxiety-Inventory (STAI; Lothar Laux, 1981), respectively, are examined and compared to a sample of 25 patients with anxiety disorders. All subjects will participate in two newly developed paradigms – one is tailored to investigate fear extinction generalization across a fear conditioned and extinguished cue, a fear conditioned and non-extinguished cue, a non-conditioned safety cue, and several generalization cues; the other is adapted to study context-related extinction generalization, meaning the recall of extinction learning in several generalization contexts similar to the presented context during extinction training. Both experimental protocols include instructed fear acquisition on day 1 followed by an extinction training and generalization test 24-hours later on day 2 and another generalization re-test 24-hours later on day 3.
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