Establishing Independent Ratings Of Early-Life Adversity In The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study: Development And Application - Info and Reading Options

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Dimensional approaches to understanding the impact of exposure to early-life adversity (ELA) have become increasingly prominent in the field and have pointed to the value of considering the differential impact of specific ELA dimensions on neural development and psychopathology. Using a data-driven approach, researchers have identified categorical types of ELA, such as physical trauma, family aggression, and socioeconomic disadvantage (e.g., Brieant et al., 2023). Alternatively, using a theory-driven approach, researchers have identified and measured distinct experiential dimensions of ELA, such as threat, deprivation, unpredictability, and uncontrollability (Cohodes et al., 2023; McLaughlin et al., 2021). Large-scale longitudinal datasets, such as the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study offer valuable information to test the impact of categorical types, but does not systematically assess experiential dimensions (i.e., threat, deprivation, unpredictability, and uncontrollability), making it challenging to assess how these experiential dimensions may be associated with longitudinal emotional and psychological functioning. In the absence of participants’ subjective ratings of threat, deprivation, uncontrollability, and unpredictability, obtaining independent ratings of individual adverse events and categorical types (e.g., physical trauma, family aggression, and socioeconomic disadvantage) provides an imperfect yet feasible alternative to establish the norms for how threatening, depriving, uncontrollable, and unpredictable each individual event and categorical dimension of ELA is. These independent ratings can then be applied with the ABCD dataset and used to assess the impact of these experiential dimensions. Previous studies have linked independent ratings of uncontrollability to the efficacy of reappraisal (Troy et al., 2013), supporting the feasibility of applying independent ratings of these dimensions to stressful life events. Therefore, the present study aims to 1) establish normative ratings of threat, deprivation, uncontrollability, and unpredictability for individual adverse events and categorical types of ELA reported in ABCD (Brieant et al., 2023) as well as the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (Bernstein et al., 1994), 2) compare these ratings for each categorical dimension between those who have experienced at least one event within the dimension and those who have not experienced any event within the dimension, and 3) examine the relationship between experienced threat, deprivation, uncontrollability, and unpredictability and emotion regulation and mental health.

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