Effects Of Working Memory Load On Performance And Reinforcement Learning Dynamics In A Reversal Learning Task – An Online Behavioural Study - Info and Reading Options

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Research suggests that working memory has an important role in instrumental learning when reinforcement histories of multiple options must be tracked (Collins et al., 2017; Collins & Frank, 2012, 2018). Working memory capacity not only reflects the ability to maintain items, but also to update and shield items against interference in a context-dependent manner; functions conceivably also essential to instrumental learning in an ever-changing environment. To address the relationship of working memory capacity and the dynamics of instrumental learning in a volatile environment in a previous unpublished study, we studied choice behavior and EEG of healthy young people who performed a probabilistic reversal learning task with sudden changes in reward probability (20, 50, 80%)(Humann et al., 2020). Working memory capacity, as assessed with the automated Operation Span (AOSPAN) task, positively correlated with learning performance. A hybrid Rescorla-Wagner/Pearce-Hall model was implemented to capture dynamic changes in people’s learning rate around changes in reward probability. Low-capacity participants modulated learning rates less dynamically around such changes. Their choices were more stochastic and less guided by learnt values, resulting in less stable performance and higher susceptibility to misleading probabilistic feedback. Single-trial model-based EEG analysis furthermore revealed that reward prediction errors (RPE) and learning rates were less strongly represented in cortical activity of low-capacity participants, while the centroparietal positivity, a general correlate of behavioural adaptation, was independent of working memory capacity. Whether working memory capacity modulated learning performance in this task (causation), or performance on both tasks relied on a common underlying mechanism (correlation), is an open question that we aim to address in this online behavioural study. By experimentally manipulating the load on working memory in the original task, its causal role in learning performance and dynamics can be investigated. Our second aim is to conceptually replicate our previous correlations between working memory capacity and learning performance as well as dynamic learning rate, under the load manipulation that is most similar to the load in the original task.

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