Eating In The Absence Of Hunger Paradigm: A Scoping Review Of Methodological Approaches And Best Practices - Info and Reading Options

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Objective: This scoping review aims to collate the various methodological approaches to the Eating in the Absence of Hunger paradigm (EAH) with the aim of developing a set of best practices for assessing non-homeostatic or hedonic overconsumption. Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria: Publications will not be considered if they are not peer-reviewed, written or available in English, if the study does not measure intake, if study participants are not able to self-feed (i.e., no bottle or spoon-feeding), or if study participants have clinical disorders (e.g., binge-eating disorder, anorexia). The EAH paradigm must include two stages: 1) an initial eating event (measured or unmeasured) or the measurement of fullness/lack of hunger; and 2) subsequent free access to palatable foods with measured intake (e.g., ate/did not eat, pieces, kcal/grams). Methods: The following search will be applied to PubMed (1960-2022), PsycINFO (1978- 2022) and Web of Science (1956-2022): hedonic eating, eating without hunger, eating in the absence of hunger, dysregulated eating, non-homeostatic eating, disinhibited eating, eating disinhibition, external eating, or appetite self-regulation with the filter 'human'. Studies will be selected for inclusion after excluding duplicates and reviewing titles, abstracts, and then full text for exclusion and inclusion criteria. The references of selected publications will then be reviewed for titles missed in the initial search. Two authors will independently complete these steps. Analyses: Hedge’s g effect sizes and random effect models with a restricted maximum likelihood estimator and inverse variance weights will be used to estimate the effect of methodological or individual differences on EAH intake. Bias will be assessed using funnel plot asymmetry with Egger’s regression test and a weighted fail-safe N. To assess heterogeneity, we will look at Cochrane’s Q and the I² in addition to prediction intervals calculated using τ², the between study random variance. Quality of reporting food and methods will be assessed by a scale published in Pearce et al. (2022).

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