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Our literature review focused on mapping research-based outputs that demonstrate the application of the Capability Approach (CA) to analyse and measure the wellbeing of girls and women across multiple geographies. The CA pioneered by Amartya Sen and infused with a gender lens by Martha Nussbaum and Ingrid Robeyns emphasises an individual’s ability to convert available resources into substantive freedoms or opportunities (capabilities) to achieve valued states of “being” and “doing” (functionings). Together, capabilities, agency and functionings allow an individual to experience a state of wellbeing. The approach is attractive because it combines an individual’s agency and personal autonomy with structural and institutional enablers and barriers to achieving functionings, e.g., gaining an education, securing employment, etc. A Working Group for the Women’s Health and Wellbeing Project (“The Project”) under the aegis of the Exemplars in Global Health Initiative identified the potential of the CA to frame the analysis of women’s health and wellbeing but recognised that issues around inequality and changes over the life course must be adequately addressed. To understand how the CA has been applied to analyses of wellbeing globally , we conducted a scoping review. The Project is an international collaboration between the Public Health Foundation of India’s Ramalingaswami Centre on Equity & Social Determinants, India; the University of Toronto’s Centre for Global Child Health, Canada; UNFPA’s Technical Division (Population Development Branch, New York), USA; George Washington University’s Milkin School of Public Health, USA; and the Federal University of Pelotas’ International Centre for Equity in Health, Brazil. The project aims to identify countries that have fared exceptionally well in assuring good health and wellbeing for girls and women over the life course.