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This article is from The Indian Journal of Medical Research , volume 135 . Abstract Background & objectives:: Stabilized live attenuated oral polio vaccine (OPV) is used to immunize children up to the age of five years to prevent poliomyelitis. It is strongly advised that the cold-chain should be maintained until the vaccine is administered. It is assumed, that vaccine vial monitors (VVMs) are reliable at all temperatures. VVMs are tested at 37°C and it is assumed that the labels reach discard point before vaccine potency drops to >0.6 log10. This study was undertaken to see if VVMs were reliable when exposed to high temperatures as can occur in field conditions in India. Methods:: Vaccine vials with VVMs were incubated (10 vials for each temperature) in an incubator at different temperatures at 37, 41, 45 and 49.5°C. Time-lapse photographs of the VVMs on vials were taken hourly to look for their discard-point. Results:: At 37 and 41°C the VVMs worked well. At 45°C, vaccine potency is known to drop to the discard level within 14 h whereas the VVM discard point was reached at 16 h. At 49.5°C the VVMs reached discard point at 9 h when these should have reached it at 3 h. Conclusion:: Absolute reliance cannot be placed on VVM in situation where environmental temperatures are high. Caution is needed when using ‘outside the cold chain’ (OCC) protocols.

Going Linux #329 · Using 4K Monitors on Linux

Reprint: The Concept of Using the Deep River and Kerguelen Neutron Monitors as a 'Flagship' Stations for Ground-Level Solar Cosmic Ray Events.

We will be reviewing the different documented, non-pharmacological sources of artifacts affecting processed EEG monitoring and hypnotic index on the processed EEG monitors intraoperatively and in ICU. Questions that we aim to answer include but not limited to: 1) What are the different sources of artifacts causing unexpected deviation of the hypnotic index on the processed EEG monitoring in human patients in clinical settings undergoing anesthesia and/or intensive care? 2) How do these sources of artifacts/interference affect the processed EEG monitoring? 3) How do these sources of artifacts/interference affect the hypnotic index on the processed EEG monitor? 4) What is the suspected mechanism that these artifacts/interference sources affect the processed EEG monitor? We will not be focused on pharmacological sources that impact processed EEG monitor's hypnotic indices (i.e. ketamine).

Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology

Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology

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This article is from PLoS ONE , volume 9 . Abstract Purpose: Measures of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and heart rate recovery (HRR) can improve risk stratification for cardiovascular disease, but these measurements are rarely made in asymptomatic individuals due to cost. An exercise field test (EFT) to assess CRF and HRR would be an inexpensive method for cardiovascular disease risk assessment in large populations. This study assessed 1) the predictive accuracy of a 12-minute run/walk EFT for estimating CRF () and 2) the accuracy of HRR measured after an EFT using a heart rate monitor (HRM) in an asymptomatic population. Methods: Fifty subjects (48% women) ages 18–45 years completed a symptom-limited exercise tolerance test (ETT) (Bruce protocol) and an EFT on separate days. During the ETT, was measured by a metabolic cart, and heart rate was measured continuously by a HRM and a metabolic cart. Results: EFT distance and sex independently predicted. The average absolute difference between observed and predicted was 0.26±3.27 ml·kg−1·min−1 for our model compared to 7.55±3.64 ml·kg−1·min−1 for the Cooper model. HRM HRR data were equivalent to respective metabolic cart values during the ETT. HRR at 1 minute post-exercise during ETT compared to the EFT had a moderate correlation (r = 0.75, p

This study used automated physical activity monitors to objectively examine the relationship between heightened physical activity levels and the occurrence of daily life ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). A total of S4 ischemic episodes were recorded in 21 CAD patients (2.6 +/- 2.3 episodes/person) during 883 hours of continuous ECG and activity monitoring. The results of this study indicated that episodes of activity-induced ischemia occurred throughout the day, but tended to peak in the early morning hours due to dramatic shifts in activity and heart rate concomitant to the initiation of morning activities upon arising. In general, gradual increases in physical activity and heart rate were observed during the hour before the onset of ischemia. The findings of this study provide objective corroboration of previous self-report investigations of activity-induced ambulatory ischemia and highlight the potency of increased myocardial oxygen demand as a trigger of daily life ischemia.

This study used automated physical activity monitors to objectively examine the relationship between heightened physical activity levels and the occurrence of daily life ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). A total of S4 ischemic episodes were recorded in 21 CAD patients (2.6 +/- 2.3 episodes/person) during 883 hours of continuous ECG and activity monitoring. The results of this study indicated that episodes of activity-induced ischemia occurred throughout the day, but tended to peak in the early morning hours due to dramatic shifts in activity and heart rate concomitant to the initiation of morning activities upon arising. In general, gradual increases in physical activity and heart rate were observed during the hour before the onset of ischemia. The findings of this study provide objective corroboration of previous self-report investigations of activity-induced ambulatory ischemia and highlight the potency of increased myocardial oxygen demand as a trigger of daily life ischemia.

Accomplishments under this grant were: The researchers defined a new "sensor/actuator" view of process trellis software architecture for data fusion. The trellis architecture was ported to a IAN environment. The researchers tested a flew LAN-capable sensor/actuator package by developing a monitor-controller for the Piranha adaptive parallelism environment. A trellis-structured wide area Piranha system is the next goal of the researchers.

Accomplishments under this grant were: The researchers defined a flew 'sensor/actuator' view of process trellis software architecture for data fusion. The trellis architecture was ported to a LAN environment. The researchers tested a new LAN-capable sensor/actuator package by developing a monitor-controller for the Piranha adaptive parallelism environment. A trellis-structured wide area Piranha system Is the next goal of the researchers.

Security modifications to legacy network protocols are expensive and disruptive. This paper outlines an approach based on external security monitors, for securing legacy protocols by deploying additional hosts that locally monitor the inputs and outputs of each host executing the protocol check the behavior of the host against a safety specification and communicate using an overlay to alert other hosts about invalid behavior and to initiate remedial actions. Trusted computing hardware provides the basis for trust in external security monitors. This paper applies this approach to secure the Border Gateway Protocol, yielding an external security monitor called N-BGP. N-BGP can accurately monitor a BGP router using commodity trusted computing hardware. Deploying N-BGP at a random 10% of BGP routers is sufficient to guarantee the security of 80% of Internet routes where both endpoints are monitored by N-BGP. Overall, external security monitors secure the routing infrastructure using trusted computing hardware and construct a security plane for BGP without having to modify the large base of installed routers and servers.

ADA741145

Much research has studied foundations for correct and reliable communication-centric systems. A salient approach to correctness uses session types to enforce structured communications; a recent approach to reliability uses reversible actions as a way of reacting to unanticipated events or failures. This note develops a simple observation: the machinery required to define asynchronous semantics and monitoring can also support reversible protocols. We propose a process framework of session communication in which monitors support reversibility. A key novelty in our approach are session types with present and past, which allow us to streamline the semantics of reversible actions.