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This document complements the Diffserv-aware MPLS Traffic Engineering (DS-TE) requirements document by giving a functional specification for the Maximum Allocation with Reservation (MAR) Bandwidth Constraints Model. Assumptions, applicability, and examples of the operation of the MAR Bandwidth Constraints Model are presented. MAR performance is analyzed relative to the criteria for selecting a Bandwidth Constraints Model, in order to provide guidance to user implementation of the model in their networks. This memo defines an Experimental Protocol for the Internet community.

A Denial of Service (DoS) occurs when legitimate users are prevented from using a service over a computer network. A Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack is a more serious form of DoS in which an attacker uses the combined power of many hosts to flood and exhaust the networking or computing resources of a target server. In recent years, DDoS attacks have become a major threat to both civilian and military networks. Multi-Protocol Label Switching with Traffic Engineering (MPLS-TE) is an emerging technology that allows explicit, bandwidth-guaranteed packet forwarding paths to be established for different traffic flows. It provides a means for diverting packets of a suspected DDoS attack for analysis and cleaning before forwarding them to the actual destination. The objective of this research was to implement and evaluate the performance of an MPLS-TE based solution against DDoS attacks on a realistic test-bed network consisting of Cisco routers. The test-bed has been integrated with Snort®, an open source Intrusion Detection System (IDS), to achieve automatic detection and to mitigate DDoS attacks. The test-bed network was subject to a series of malicious traffic flows with varying degrees of intensity. The results demonstrated that MPLS-TE is very effective in mitigating such attacks. The overall system response time and the router CPU loads are comparable to those reported by two former NPS theses that examined alternative solutions based on BGP blackhole routing.

A Denial of Service (DoS) occurs when legitimate users are prevented from using a service over a computer network. A Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack is a more serious form of DoS in which an attacker uses the combined power of many hosts to flood and exhaust the networking or computing resources of a target server. In recent years, DDoS attacks have become a major threat to both civilian and military networks. Multi-Protocol Label Switching with Traffic Engineering (MPLS-TE) is an emerging technology that allows explicit, bandwidth-guaranteed packet forwarding paths to be established for different traffic flows. It provides a means for diverting packets of a suspected DDoS attack for analysis and cleaning before forwarding them to the actual destination. The objective of this research was to implement and evaluate the performance of an MPLS-TE based solution against DDoS attacks on a realistic test-bed network consisting of Cisco routers. The test-bed has been integrated with Snort®, an open source Intrusion Detection System (IDS), to achieve automatic detection and to mitigate DDoS attacks. The test-bed network was subject to a series of malicious traffic flows with varying degrees of intensity. The results demonstrated that MPLS-TE is very effective in mitigating such attacks. The overall system response time and the router CPU loads are comparable to those reported by two former NPS theses that examined alternative solutions based on BGP blackhole routing.

A Denial of Service (DoS) occurs when legitimate users are prevented from using a service over a computer network. A Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack is a more serious form of DoS in which an attacker uses the combined power of many hosts to flood and exhaust the networking or computing resources of a target server. In recent years, DDoS attacks have become a major threat to both civilian and military networks. Multi-Protocol Label Switching with Traffic Engineering (MPLS-TE) is an emerging technology that allows explicit, bandwidth-guaranteed packet forwarding paths to be established for different traffic flows. It provides a means for diverting packets of a suspected DDoS attack for analysis and cleaning before forwarding them to the actual destination. The objective of this research was to implement and evaluate the performance of an MPLS-TE based solution against DDoS attacks on a realistic test-bed network consisting of Cisco routers. The test-bed has been integrated with Snort®, an open source Intrusion Detection System (IDS), to achieve automatic detection and to mitigate DDoS attacks. The test-bed network was subject to a series of malicious traffic flows with varying degrees of intensity. The results demonstrated that MPLS-TE is very effective in mitigating such attacks. The overall system response time and the router CPU loads are comparable to those reported by two former NPS theses that examined alternative solutions based on BGP blackhole routing.

A Denial of Service (DoS) occurs when legitimate users are prevented from using a service over a computer network. A Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack is a more serious form of DoS in which an attacker uses the combined power of many hosts to flood and exhaust the networking or computing resources of a target server. In recent years, DDoS attacks have become a major threat to both civilian and military networks. Multi-Protocol Label Switching with Traffic Engineering (MPLS-TE) is an emerging technology that allows explicit, bandwidth-guaranteed packet forwarding paths to be established for different traffic flows. It provides a means for diverting packets of a suspected DDoS attack for analysis and cleaning before forwarding them to the actual destination. The objective of this research was to implement and evaluate the performance of an MPLS-TE based solution against DDoS attacks on a realistic test-bed network consisting of Cisco routers. The test-bed has been integrated with Snort, an open source Intrusion Detection System (IDS), to achieve automatic detection and to mitigate DDoS attacks. The test-bed network was subject to a series of malicious traffic flows with varying degrees of intensity. The results demonstrated that MPLS-TE is very effective in mitigating such attacks. The overall system response time and the router CPU loads are comparable to those reported by two former NPS theses that examined alternative solutions based on BGP blackhole routing.

1Love Letters of Dorothy Osborne

By Dorothy Osborne

A lively, interesting and important collection of 17th century love-letters written by an English lady, against the background of the Civil War and the Restoration [summary by hefyd]<BR><BR>After refusing a long string of suitors put forth by her family, including her cousin Thomas Osborne, Henry Cromwell (son of Lord Protector Oliver Cromwell) and Sir Justinian Isham, in 1655 Dorothy Osborne married Sir William Temple, a man with whom she had carried on a lengthy clandestine courtship that was largely epistolary in nature. It is for her letters to Temple, which were witty, progressive and socially illuminating, that Osborne is remembered. Only Osborne's side of the correspondence survived and comprises a collection of seventy-seven letters held in the British Library. (Summary from Wikipedia)<BR><BR>Note: This reading contains all the letters in the correspondence but leaves out the editorial comments.

2Lion's Brood

By Duffield Osborne

"Centuries come and go; but the plot of the drama is unchanged, and the same characters play the same parts. Only the actors cast for them are new." For this timeless tale, we are taken back to the Roman forum. With the backdrop of the Punic Wars, we follow the fortunes of Sergius, a young man going off to serve and who impresses his general; and Marcia, the young woman he leaves behind, whom he loves, but who refuses to commit to any attachment for him before he leaves.

Welcome back to another exciting issue of the exciting and chilling magazine The Thrill Book, noted precursor to Weird Tales Magazine! In this, issue #6, we have two crackling serials: the first part of the terrifying haunted room story "The Crawling Hands" and the dashing conclusion of the sea-faring adventure yarn "The Devil's Own". Also included is the modern occult magic tale "Magic in Manhattan", the mysterious ghost story "From Over the Border", the creepy crawly "When Basset Forgot", the fantastical "The Rim of the World" and much more! Grab your gear and keep a light burning... It's time to take a trip into The Thrill Book! - Summary by Ben Tucker