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We prove the impossibility of recent attempts to decouple the Replica Symmetry Breaking (RSB) picture for finite-dimensional spin glasses from the existence of many thermodynamic (i.e., infinite-volume) pure states while preserving another signature RSB feature --- space filling relative domain walls between different finite-volume states. Thus revisions of the notion of pure states cannot shield the RSB picture from the internal contradictions that rule out its physical correctness in finite dimensions at low temperature in large finite volume.

In this paper we address important issues surrounding the choice of variables when performing a dynamical systems analysis of alternative theories of gravity. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of compactifying the state space, and illustrate this using two examples. We first show how to define a compact state space for the class of LRS Bianchi type I models in $R^n$-gravity and compare to a non--compact expansion--normalised approach. In the second example we consider the flat Friedmann matter subspace of the previous example, and compare the compact analysis to studies where non-compact non--expansion--normalised variables were used. In both examples we comment on the existence of bouncing or recollapsing orbits as well as the existence of static models.

In this paper we address important issues surrounding the choice of variables when performing a dynamical systems analysis of alternative theories of gravity. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of compactifying the state space, and illustrate this using two examples. We first show how to define a compact state space for the class of LRS Bianchi type I models in $R^n$-gravity and compare to a non--compact expansion--normalised approach. In the second example we consider the flat Friedmann matter subspace of the previous example, and compare the compact analysis to studies where non-compact non--expansion--normalised variables were used. In both examples we comment on the existence of bouncing or recollapsing orbits as well as the existence of static models.

In this paper we address important issues surrounding the choice of variables when performing a dynamical systems analysis of alternative theories of gravity. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of compactifying the state space, and illustrate this using two examples. We first show how to define a compact state space for the class of LRS Bianchi type I models in $R^n$-gravity and compare to a non--compact expansion--normalised approach. In the second example we consider the flat Friedmann matter subspace of the previous example, and compare the compact analysis to studies where non-compact non--expansion--normalised variables were used. In both examples we comment on the existence of bouncing or recollapsing orbits as well as the existence of static models.

Includes bibliographical references (p. [189]-199) and index

Includes bibliographical references (p. [189]-199) and index

Includes bibliographical references (p. [189]-199) and index

In this paper, the authors attempt to provide a basic outline of what is known about the determinants of success or failure in school financial elections. The research, conducted since 1960, comes from several academic disciplines, employs a wide variety of techniques and methods, and is geographically representative of the United States. Significant findings, drawn from an analysis of over 100 empirical research reports, are integrated with partial theories based on economic self-interest, socioeconomic status, community responsibility and distance attitudes, and a politicized electorate versus an informed democratic electorate. Research that outlines the groups of voters most likely to vote "yes" on school financial issues and that contrasts them with those voters most likely to vote "no" is also summarized. The authors comment on changes in the traditional voting patterns in school financial elections and the trend toward increasing defeat of school financial issues by groups that have traditionally supported such issues. An appendix comprises a synthesization of the research reviewed and shows dependent and independent variables as correlates by "yes" voting and election success; and a 238-item bibliography on voter behavior in school financial elections. (Author/EA)

In this paper, the authors attempt to provide a basic outline of what is known about the determinants of success or failure in school financial elections. The research, conducted since 1960, comes from several academic disciplines, employs a wide variety of techniques and methods, and is geographically representative of the United States. Significant findings, drawn from an analysis of over 100 empirical research reports, are integrated with partial theories based on economic self-interest, socioeconomic status, community responsibility and distance attitudes, and a politicized electorate versus an informed democratic electorate. Research that outlines the groups of voters most likely to vote "yes" on school financial issues and that contrasts them with those voters most likely to vote "no" is also summarized. The authors comment on changes in the traditional voting patterns in school financial elections and the trend toward increasing defeat of school financial issues by groups that have traditionally supported such issues. An appendix comprises a synthesization of the research reviewed and shows dependent and independent variables as correlates by "yes" voting and election success; and a 238-item bibliography on voter behavior in school financial elections. (Author/EA)

For decades, observant Americans have looked upon institutions of higher learning with dismay. The reasons for their anxiety varied; some were upset at the increasing politicization, others at rising costs, and so on. But it seemed as if there were no way to turn back the tide of higher education's degradation. That may be starting to change. Academia is moving into very extreme territory politically, promoting false, conjectural, and dogmatic theories such as critical race theory and indigenous science instead of long-accepted theories tested by proven methods. This extremism is heightening awareness among ordinary Americans about academia's alarming direction, and some are starting to get involved in campaigns to push back against the radical agenda. The James G. Martin Center for Academic Renewal has been on the forefront of the struggle to end the abuse of our colleges and universities for several decades. Today, with increasing potential to attract new allies to its cause, it is providing this manual, titled "Rules for Academic Reformers," to encourage those who are concerned about higher education's degraded state--particularly alumni, but also trustees, students, and other potential activists--to start a "long march through the institutions of higher education" of their own. And to offer suggestions about how to build a successful movement, how to deal with academic adversaries, and where to find allies.

The purpose of this article is to provide a scope review of theories, models, and frameworks related to advanced practice nurses internationally. Provide materials for the learning of senior practice nurses, summarize evidence for scientific research, provide reference for introducing advanced practice to other countries, and stimulate new thinking.

We construct a disorder parameter for dual superconductivity of the ground state of $U(1)$ gauge theory.

We suggest a limit of Einstein equations incorporating the state $g_{\mu\nu}=0$ as a solution. The large scale behavior of this theory has interesting properties. For a spherical source, the velocity profile for circular motions is of the form observed in galaxies (approximately flat). For FRW cosmologies, the Friedman equation contains an additional contribution in the matter sector.

We suggest a limit of Einstein equations incorporating the state $g_{\mu\nu}=0$ as a solution. The large scale behavior of this theory has interesting properties. For a spherical source, the velocity profile for circular motions is of the form observed in galaxies (approximately flat). For FRW cosmologies, the Friedman equation contains an additional contribution in the matter sector.

We present high-precision lattice calculations of the thermodynamics of Yang-Mills theories with different gauge groups. In the confining phase, we show that the equation of state is described remarkably well by a gas of massive, non-interacting glueballs, provided that an effective bosonic closed-string model is used to derive an exponentially growing Hagedorn spectrum for the heavy states. In particular, this model describes very accurately the results for the SU(3) theory reported by Bors\'anyi et al. in JHEP 07 (2012) 056, as well as a novel set of lattice data for the SU(2) theory. In addition, we also also show that the equation of state in the deconfined phase exhibits a near perfect proportionality to the number of gluon degrees of freedom, including for the Yang-Mills theory based on the exceptional, center-less gauge group $G_2$.

We present high-precision lattice calculations of the thermodynamics of Yang-Mills theories with different gauge groups. In the confining phase, we show that the equation of state is described remarkably well by a gas of massive, non-interacting glueballs, provided that an effective bosonic closed-string model is used to derive an exponentially growing Hagedorn spectrum for the heavy states. In particular, this model describes very accurately the results for the SU(3) theory reported by Bors\'anyi et al. in JHEP 07 (2012) 056, as well as a novel set of lattice data for the SU(2) theory. In addition, we also also show that the equation of state in the deconfined phase exhibits a near perfect proportionality to the number of gluon degrees of freedom, including for the Yang-Mills theory based on the exceptional, center-less gauge group $G_2$.

We present high-precision lattice calculations of the thermodynamics of Yang-Mills theories with different gauge groups. In the confining phase, we show that the equation of state is described remarkably well by a gas of massive, non-interacting glueballs, provided that an effective bosonic closed-string model is used to derive an exponentially growing Hagedorn spectrum for the heavy states. In particular, this model describes very accurately the results for the SU(3) theory reported by Bors\'anyi et al. in JHEP 07 (2012) 056, as well as a novel set of lattice data for the SU(2) theory. In addition, we also also show that the equation of state in the deconfined phase exhibits a near perfect proportionality to the number of gluon degrees of freedom, including for the Yang-Mills theory based on the exceptional, center-less gauge group $G_2$.

We present high-precision lattice calculations of the thermodynamics of Yang-Mills theories with different gauge groups. In the confining phase, we show that the equation of state is described remarkably well by a gas of massive, non-interacting glueballs, provided that an effective bosonic closed-string model is used to derive an exponentially growing Hagedorn spectrum for the heavy states. In particular, this model describes very accurately the results for the SU(3) theory reported by Bors\'anyi et al. in JHEP 07 (2012) 056, as well as a novel set of lattice data for the SU(2) theory. In addition, we also also show that the equation of state in the deconfined phase exhibits a near perfect proportionality to the number of gluon degrees of freedom, including for the Yang-Mills theory based on the exceptional, center-less gauge group $G_2$.

We present high-precision lattice calculations of the thermodynamics of Yang-Mills theories with different gauge groups. In the confining phase, we show that the equation of state is described remarkably well by a gas of massive, non-interacting glueballs, provided that an effective bosonic closed-string model is used to derive an exponentially growing Hagedorn spectrum for the heavy states. In particular, this model describes very accurately the results for the SU(3) theory reported by Bors\'anyi et al. in JHEP 07 (2012) 056, as well as a novel set of lattice data for the SU(2) theory. In addition, we also also show that the equation of state in the deconfined phase exhibits a near perfect proportionality to the number of gluon degrees of freedom, including for the Yang-Mills theory based on the exceptional, center-less gauge group $G_2$.

We present high-precision lattice calculations of the thermodynamics of Yang-Mills theories with different gauge groups. In the confining phase, we show that the equation of state is described remarkably well by a gas of massive, non-interacting glueballs, provided that an effective bosonic closed-string model is used to derive an exponentially growing Hagedorn spectrum for the heavy states. In particular, this model describes very accurately the results for the SU(3) theory reported by Bors\'anyi et al. in JHEP 07 (2012) 056, as well as a novel set of lattice data for the SU(2) theory. In addition, we also also show that the equation of state in the deconfined phase exhibits a near perfect proportionality to the number of gluon degrees of freedom, including for the Yang-Mills theory based on the exceptional, center-less gauge group $G_2$.

We present high-precision lattice calculations of the thermodynamics of Yang-Mills theories with different gauge groups. In the confining phase, we show that the equation of state is described remarkably well by a gas of massive, non-interacting glueballs, provided that an effective bosonic closed-string model is used to derive an exponentially growing Hagedorn spectrum for the heavy states. In particular, this model describes very accurately the results for the SU(3) theory reported by Bors\'anyi et al. in JHEP 07 (2012) 056, as well as a novel set of lattice data for the SU(2) theory. In addition, we also also show that the equation of state in the deconfined phase exhibits a near perfect proportionality to the number of gluon degrees of freedom, including for the Yang-Mills theory based on the exceptional, center-less gauge group $G_2$.

We present an overview of beyond mean field theories (BMFT) based on the generator coordinate method (GCM) and the recovery of symmetries used in nuclear physics with effective forces. After a reminder of the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov (HFB) theory a discussion of the shortcomings of any mean field approximation (MFA) is presented. The recovery of the symmetries spontaneously broken in the HFB approach, in particular the angular momentum, is necessary, among others, to describe excited states and transitions. Particle number projection is needed to guarantee the right number of protons and neutrons. Furthermore a projection before the variation prevents the pairing collapse in the weak pairing regime. The lack of fluctuations around the average values of the MFA is a shortcoming of this approach. To build in correlations in BMFT one selects the relevant degrees of freedom: quadrupole, octupole and the pairing vibrations as well as the single particle ones. In the GCM the operators representing these degrees of freedom are used as coordinates to generate a collective subspace. The highly correlated GCM wave function is finally written as a linear combination of a projected basis of this space. The variation of the coefficients of the linear combination leads to the Hill-Wheeler equation. We discuss the classical beta and gamma vibrations by considering the quadrupole operators as coordinates. We present pairing fluctuations by considering the pairing gaps as generator coordinates. Lastly the explicit consideration of the time reversal symmetry breaking in the HFB wave function by the cranking procedure allows the alignment of nucleon pairs opening a new dimension in the BMFT calculations. Abundant calculations with the Gogny force illustrate the state-of-the-art of BMFTs with density functionals. We conclude with a thorough discussion on the potential poles of the theory.

We present an overview of beyond mean field theories (BMFT) based on the generator coordinate method (GCM) and the recovery of symmetries used in nuclear physics with effective forces. After a reminder of the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov (HFB) theory a discussion of the shortcomings of any mean field approximation (MFA) is presented. The recovery of the symmetries spontaneously broken in the HFB approach, in particular the angular momentum, is necessary, among others, to describe excited states and transitions. Particle number projection is needed to guarantee the right number of protons and neutrons. Furthermore a projection before the variation prevents the pairing collapse in the weak pairing regime. The lack of fluctuations around the average values of the MFA is a shortcoming of this approach. To build in correlations in BMFT one selects the relevant degrees of freedom: quadrupole, octupole and the pairing vibrations as well as the single particle ones. In the GCM the operators representing these degrees of freedom are used as coordinates to generate a collective subspace. The highly correlated GCM wave function is finally written as a linear combination of a projected basis of this space. The variation of the coefficients of the linear combination leads to the Hill-Wheeler equation. We discuss the classical beta and gamma vibrations by considering the quadrupole operators as coordinates. We present pairing fluctuations by considering the pairing gaps as generator coordinates. Lastly the explicit consideration of the time reversal symmetry breaking in the HFB wave function by the cranking procedure allows the alignment of nucleon pairs opening a new dimension in the BMFT calculations. Abundant calculations with the Gogny force illustrate the state-of-the-art of BMFTs with density functionals. We conclude with a thorough discussion on the potential poles of the theory.

Educational psychology has indicated that prior knowledge is a potentially important educational variable. Recent and earlier research in educational psychology has shown that 30 to 60% of the variance in study results could be explained by this variable. Insight into these factors should influence the return on education. A common theoretical frame regarding explanatory theories and concepts, considering different sorts of prior knowledge and individual differences in prior knowledge states, could lead educational psychology research to previously acquired knowledge and experience. Further research should concentrate on such a framework, building on earlier results. This report gives an overview of research on the effect of prior knowledge on learning and theories that offer an explanation for the facilitating effect of prior knowledge. An exploration of the concept "prior knowledge" is made, largely on the basis of the English language literature. Attention is also paid to the expert-novice paradigm. Four figures and one table illustrate the discussion. (Contains 116 references.) (SLD)

A monopole creation operator is constructed: its vacuum expectation value is an order parameter for dual superconductivity in that, if different from zero it signals spontaneous breaking of the U(1) symmetry corresponding to monopole charge conservation. The operator is tested on compact U(1) gauge theory on lattice. For SU(2) gauge theory it clearly demonstrates that confinement is produced by dual superconductivity.

Constraining the Dark Energy (DE) equation of state, w, is one of the primary science goals of ongoing and future cosmological surveys. In practice, with imperfect data and incomplete redshift coverage, this requires making assumptions about the evolution of w with redshift z. These assumptions can be manifested in a choice of a specific parametric form, which can potentially bias the outcome, or else one can reconstruct w(z) non-parametrically, by specifying a prior covariance matrix that correlates values of w at different redshifts. In this work, we derive the theoretical prior covariance for the effective DE equation of state predicted by general scalar-tensor theories with second order equations of motion (Horndeski theories). This is achieved by generating a large ensemble of possible scalar-tensor theories using a Monte Carlo methodology, including the application of physical viability conditions. We also separately consider the special sub-case of the minimally coupled scalar field, or quintessence. The prior shows a preference for tracking behaviors in the most general case. Given the covariance matrix, theoretical priors on parameters of any specific parametrization of w(z) can also be readily derived by projection.

The separation energies of neutrons and protons, binding energies, mean square charge radii, electric quadrupole moments and deformation parameters of the proton and neutron distributions are evaluated for $\beta$ stable even-even nuclei with $16 \leq A \leq 256$. We compare the theoretical estimates obtained within the Hartree-Fock plus BCS model with a few sets of Skyrme forces, relativistic mean-field theory and frequently used Saxon-Woods and Nilsson potentials with experimental data.

vi, 286 pages, 23 leaves of plates : (8vo)

vi, 286 pages, 23 leaves of plates : (8vo)

Columbia Univ., Diss--New York

From the view of schema-transfer theory, the use of schemata with their several functions gives an explanation for the facilitative effect of prior knowledge on learning processes. This report gives a theoretical exploration of the concept of schemata, underlying schema theories, and functions of schemata to indicate the importance of schema theories in the context of an ongoing research project on prior knowledge state. A schema is a fundamental element on which all information processing depends, a data structure for representing generic concepts stored in memory. Embedded in the unit in addition to the knowledge itself is information about how the knowledge is to be used. The prior knowledge state has a central role in all schema theories. The starting point for constructing a representation is what the learner already knows. It seems obvious that the student's schemata or knowledge structures will give concrete information about their prior knowledge state. Seven figures illustrate the discussion. (Contains 87 references.) (SLD)

From the view of schema-transfer theory, the use of schemata with their several functions gives an explanation for the facilitative effect of prior knowledge on learning processes. This report gives a theoretical exploration of the concept of schemata, underlying schema theories, and functions of schemata to indicate the importance of schema theories in the context of an ongoing research project on prior knowledge state. A schema is a fundamental element on which all information processing depends, a data structure for representing generic concepts stored in memory. Embedded in the unit in addition to the knowledge itself is information about how the knowledge is to be used. The prior knowledge state has a central role in all schema theories. The starting point for constructing a representation is what the learner already knows. It seems obvious that the student's schemata or knowledge structures will give concrete information about their prior knowledge state. Seven figures illustrate the discussion. (Contains 87 references.) (SLD)

From the view of schema-transfer theory, the use of schemata with their several functions gives an explanation for the facilitative effect of prior knowledge on learning processes. This report gives a theoretical exploration of the concept of schemata, underlying schema theories, and functions of schemata to indicate the importance of schema theories in the context of an ongoing research project on prior knowledge state. A schema is a fundamental element on which all information processing depends, a data structure for representing generic concepts stored in memory. Embedded in the unit in addition to the knowledge itself is information about how the knowledge is to be used. The prior knowledge state has a central role in all schema theories. The starting point for constructing a representation is what the learner already knows. It seems obvious that the student's schemata or knowledge structures will give concrete information about their prior knowledge state. Seven figures illustrate the discussion. (Contains 87 references.) (SLD)

From the view of schema-transfer theory, the use of schemata with their several functions gives an explanation for the facilitative effect of prior knowledge on learning processes. This report gives a theoretical exploration of the concept of schemata, underlying schema theories, and functions of schemata to indicate the importance of schema theories in the context of an ongoing research project on prior knowledge state. A schema is a fundamental element on which all information processing depends, a data structure for representing generic concepts stored in memory. Embedded in the unit in addition to the knowledge itself is information about how the knowledge is to be used. The prior knowledge state has a central role in all schema theories. The starting point for constructing a representation is what the learner already knows. It seems obvious that the student's schemata or knowledge structures will give concrete information about their prior knowledge state. Seven figures illustrate the discussion. (Contains 87 references.) (SLD)

26

253 pages ; 20 cm

253 pages ; 20 cm

Thesis (PH. D.)--University of Pennsylvania, 1920