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A short historical account of the US police force explaining their origins in slave patrols in the South and a force to discipline the working class in the North, with the background of a spate of police killings of unarmed black men in 2014.

A short historical account of the US police force explaining their origins in slave patrols in the South and a force to discipline the working class in the North, with the background of a spate of police killings of unarmed black men in 2014.

A short historical account of the US police force explaining their origins in slave patrols in the South and a force to discipline the working class in the North, with the background of a spate of police killings of unarmed black men in 2014.

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Includes bibliography

Includes bibliography

Includes bibliography

In 1993, 10.4 million people were classified as being among the working poor. Of those individuals living in poverty, 2.4 million worked year round at full-time jobs and 7.4 million lived in a household containing someone who was employed full time throughout the year. A U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics report identified low earnings, involuntary part-time work, and unemployment as three key reasons for poverty. Another study established that the percentage of workers with low earnings rose from 12% of all year-round, full-time civilian workers aged 16 or over in 1979 to 16% in 1992. Among the identified causes of the rise were the following: steady erosion of wages in the United States, unemployment and underemployment, rise of low-wage service jobs and parallel decline in well-paying manufacturing jobs, restructuring of industry, and decline of pension and health insurance coverage. Although there is no panacea for poverty or the working poor, the following policy measures would make a big difference: strengthen labor laws, adopt national policies aimed at preserving high-wage manufacturing jobs, increase the minimum wage, retain existing employment and training and safety-net programs, retain a progressive tax policy, and fund education adequately. (MN)

288 p. ; 17 cm

At this hearing questions of unemployment compensation, job training, minimum wage, and statistics gathering of the Bureau of Labor Statistics were considered. Points made included the following: while minorities are overrepresented among the poor, most poor people are white; most poor people are also women, possibly because they have less access to training for better paying jobs; and expansion of the Earned Income Tax Credit Program (EITC) could substantially alleviate the financial burdens of the working poor. An economics professor from Bowdoin College addressed the question of whether many of the poor could work but don't. Testimony was also heard from representatives of various organizations such as the Children's Defense Fund, Nine-to-Five, and Women's Work Force Network Division, Wider Opportunities for Women, Inc. There was also testimony from a professor at the Columbia University School of Social Work and a Massachusetts congressional representative. Letters and prepared statements are included. (CG)

At this hearing questions of unemployment compensation, job training, minimum wage, and statistics gathering of the Bureau of Labor Statistics were considered. Points made included the following: while minorities are overrepresented among the poor, most poor people are white; most poor people are also women, possibly because they have less access to training for better paying jobs; and expansion of the Earned Income Tax Credit Program (EITC) could substantially alleviate the financial burdens of the working poor. An economics professor from Bowdoin College addressed the question of whether many of the poor could work but don't. Testimony was also heard from representatives of various organizations such as the Children's Defense Fund, Nine-to-Five, and Women's Work Force Network Division, Wider Opportunities for Women, Inc. There was also testimony from a professor at the Columbia University School of Social Work and a Massachusetts congressional representative. Letters and prepared statements are included. (CG)

Sixty-seven school finance reforms (SFRs) in 26 states have taken place since 1990; however, there is little empirical evidence on the heterogeneity of SFR effects. We provide a comprehensive description of how individual reforms affected resource allocation to low- and high-income districts within states, including both financial and non-financial outcomes. After summarizing the heterogeneity of individual SFR impacts, we then examine its correlates, identifying both policy and legislative/political factors. Taken together, this research aims to provide a rich description of variation in states' responses to SFRs, as well as explanation of this heterogeneity as it relates to contextual factors.

Sixty-seven school finance reforms (SFRs) in 26 states have taken place since 1990; however, there is little empirical evidence on the heterogeneity of SFR effects. We provide a comprehensive description of how individual reforms affected resource allocation to low- and high-income districts within states, including both financial and non-financial outcomes. After summarizing the heterogeneity of individual SFR impacts, we then examine its correlates, identifying both policy and legislative/political factors. Taken together, this research aims to provide a rich description of variation in states' responses to SFRs, as well as explanation of this heterogeneity as it relates to contextual factors.

Drawing on 1998-99 survey and ethnographic data from research on the implementation and effects of welfare reform in four large cities, this paper describes the food security of mother-headed families in highly disadvantaged urban neighborhoods who had received or currently receive cash welfare benefits. The families of four groups of women were compared: those who worked and no longer received welfare; those who combined welfare and work; nonworking welfare recipients; and those who neither worked nor received welfare. Food insecurity in the prior year was high in all groups. About half the families were food insecure. There was hunger in over 15 percent of families. Nearly one-third of the families had food hardships affecting children's diets. Food insecurity was highest among families where mothers had neither employment income nor welfare benefits and lowest among families where mothers worked and no longer received welfare, though even in this group, 44.5 percent were food insecure, and 15 percent had experienced hunger. Interview data indicate that, in this population, women who are food secure expend considerable energy piecing together strategies to ensure an adequate amount of food available for themselves and their children. (Contains 58 references.) (SM)

Drawing on 1998-99 survey and ethnographic data from research on the implementation and effects of welfare reform in four large cities, this paper describes the food security of mother-headed families in highly disadvantaged urban neighborhoods who had received or currently receive cash welfare benefits. The families of four groups of women were compared: those who worked and no longer received welfare; those who combined welfare and work; nonworking welfare recipients; and those who neither worked nor received welfare. Food insecurity in the prior year was high in all groups. About half the families were food insecure. There was hunger in over 15 percent of families. Nearly one-third of the families had food hardships affecting children's diets. Food insecurity was highest among families where mothers had neither employment income nor welfare benefits and lowest among families where mothers worked and no longer received welfare, though even in this group, 44.5 percent were food insecure, and 15 percent had experienced hunger. Interview data indicate that, in this population, women who are food secure expend considerable energy piecing together strategies to ensure an adequate amount of food available for themselves and their children. (Contains 58 references.) (SM)

Drawing on 1998-99 survey and ethnographic data from research on the implementation and effects of welfare reform in four large cities, this paper describes the food security of mother-headed families in highly disadvantaged urban neighborhoods who had received or currently receive cash welfare benefits. The families of four groups of women were compared: those who worked and no longer received welfare; those who combined welfare and work; nonworking welfare recipients; and those who neither worked nor received welfare. Food insecurity in the prior year was high in all groups. About half the families were food insecure. There was hunger in over 15 percent of families. Nearly one-third of the families had food hardships affecting children's diets. Food insecurity was highest among families where mothers had neither employment income nor welfare benefits and lowest among families where mothers worked and no longer received welfare, though even in this group, 44.5 percent were food insecure, and 15 percent had experienced hunger. Interview data indicate that, in this population, women who are food secure expend considerable energy piecing together strategies to ensure an adequate amount of food available for themselves and their children. (Contains 58 references.) (SM)

A six weeks tour, through the southern counties of England and Wales. Describing, particularly, I. The present state of agriculture and manufactures. ... V. The state of the working poor ... With descriptions and copper-plates, ... By the author of the Farmer's letters. 1772.. Digitized from IA40310318-49 . Previous issue: bim_eighteenth-century_the-whole-art-of-legerde_1722 . Next issue: bim_eighteenth-century_a-general-history-of-the_priestley-joseph_1790_1 .

This study analyses the impact of democratic decentralisation on the chances of socially excluded groups to participate in newly created local governance institutions--Panchayati Raj Institutions--in three Indian states. This institutional reform included a quota for the disadvantaged--women and lower castes--to ensure their effective participation. The comparative analysis on the determinants of participation of these groups and the poor vis-a-vis other groups across the states of Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Madhya Pradesh yields highly interesting results, relevant beyond the Indian context. First, the outcomes of decentralisation on participation are different across states and between different marginalised groups. While in Kerala socially disadvantaged groups and the poor are represented more than other groups at the Panchayat level, in Tamil Nadu and Madhya Pradesh the socially disadvantaged groups are as represented as the others whereas the poor continue to be largely under-represented. In all three states, women are under-represented. Secondly, creating awareness through political mobilisation seems to be the driving factor explaining the different outcomes across the three states. In fact, Kerala distinguished itself from the other two states significantly with respect to mobilisation possibilities through political parties, a denser network of self-help groups, better outcomes in basic education and literacy. The conclusion is that the success of institutional reforms aiming to increase political participation depends on the specific design of the process itself as well as on the local conditions. An effective devolution of resources to Panchayats seems to influence participation positively as does a vibrant political society characterised by a broad spectrum of political parties, active civil society and newspaper reading. (A bibliography is included. Survey questions and maps of the selected states are appended. Contains 11 footnotes, 11 figures and 22 tables.)

This study analyses the impact of democratic decentralisation on the chances of socially excluded groups to participate in newly created local governance institutions--Panchayati Raj Institutions--in three Indian states. This institutional reform included a quota for the disadvantaged--women and lower castes--to ensure their effective participation. The comparative analysis on the determinants of participation of these groups and the poor vis-a-vis other groups across the states of Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Madhya Pradesh yields highly interesting results, relevant beyond the Indian context. First, the outcomes of decentralisation on participation are different across states and between different marginalised groups. While in Kerala socially disadvantaged groups and the poor are represented more than other groups at the Panchayat level, in Tamil Nadu and Madhya Pradesh the socially disadvantaged groups are as represented as the others whereas the poor continue to be largely under-represented. In all three states, women are under-represented. Secondly, creating awareness through political mobilisation seems to be the driving factor explaining the different outcomes across the three states. In fact, Kerala distinguished itself from the other two states significantly with respect to mobilisation possibilities through political parties, a denser network of self-help groups, better outcomes in basic education and literacy. The conclusion is that the success of institutional reforms aiming to increase political participation depends on the specific design of the process itself as well as on the local conditions. An effective devolution of resources to Panchayats seems to influence participation positively as does a vibrant political society characterised by a broad spectrum of political parties, active civil society and newspaper reading. (A bibliography is included. Survey questions and maps of the selected states are appended. Contains 11 footnotes, 11 figures and 22 tables.)

Includes index

The working poor are typically defined by researchers as individuals who work at least part of the year and earn less than a given percentage of the federal poverty level. This definition tends to understate the problem. In 1997, 15.8 million employed parents had incomes below 200 percent of the federal poverty level. The federal Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) can raise a full-time, minimum-wage earner's income above the poverty level, but one fifth of eligible families do not participate in EITC. Medicaid and many health insurance programs are available for the working poor and their families. Some families may even qualify for food stamps, housing assistance, child-care subsidies, and other programs. The working poor need information, assistance, skills to manage existing resources effectively, and training for a better job. Providing working poor individuals with information about available resources is an important first step. Educational efforts should focus on life skills to better balance the demands of work and family and technical or vocational training leading to a better job. Programs need to provide accurate information to employers about assistance and support available in their community for the working poor. Employers should be encouraged to provide health insurance, retirement plans, and education to help employees maximize the benefits to which they are entitled. Working poor issues are community issues. Communities must have an infrastructure in place that supports working parents and provides opportunities for advancement. (TD)

The Illinois Channel's Shirley Descorbeth talks with Sen Dan Biss about legislation he's proposed to put more money back into the hands of working families.

The Illinois Channel's Shirley Descorbeth talks with Sen Dan Biss about legislation he's proposed to put more money back into the hands of working families.

Document number CIA-RDP79-00798A000500130005-4 declassified and released through the CIA's CREST database. Previously available only on four computers located outside of Washington D.C., the Agency was successfully pressured into putting the files online as a result of a MuckRock lawsuit and the efforts of Emma Best. The metadata was collected by Data.World, and the files are now being archived and made text searchable by the Internet Archive.

Document number CIA-RDP79-00798A000500130005-4 declassified and released through the CIA's CREST database. Previously available only on four computers located outside of Washington D.C., the Agency was successfully pressured into putting the files online as a result of a MuckRock lawsuit and the efforts of Emma Best. The metadata was collected by Data.World, and the files are now being archived and made text searchable by the Internet Archive.

Document number CIA-RDP79-00798A000500130005-4 declassified and released through the CIA's CREST database. Previously available only on four computers located outside of Washington D.C., the Agency was successfully pressured into putting the files online as a result of a MuckRock lawsuit and the efforts of Emma Best. The metadata was collected by Data.World, and the files are now being archived and made text searchable by the Internet Archive.

Document number CIA-RDP79-00798A000500130005-4 declassified and released through the CIA's CREST database. Previously available only on four computers located outside of Washington D.C., the Agency was successfully pressured into putting the files online as a result of a MuckRock lawsuit and the efforts of Emma Best. The metadata was collected by Data.World, and the files are now being archived and made text searchable by the Internet Archive.

Document number CIA-RDP79-00798A000500130005-4 declassified and released through the CIA's CREST database. Previously available only on four computers located outside of Washington D.C., the Agency was successfully pressured into putting the files online as a result of a MuckRock lawsuit and the efforts of Emma Best. The metadata was collected by Data.World, and the files are now being archived and made text searchable by the Internet Archive.

Document number CIA-RDP79-00798A000500130005-4 declassified and released through the CIA's CREST database. Previously available only on four computers located outside of Washington D.C., the Agency was successfully pressured into putting the files online as a result of a MuckRock lawsuit and the efforts of Emma Best. The metadata was collected by Data.World, and the files are now being archived and made text searchable by the Internet Archive.

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More and more often, children in the United States are denied services that help keep them healthy or heal them when they are ill. This study examines the demographic, psychological, and physical health status of a group of children (N=293) with no access to health care, and who experienced an acute health problem. The children ranged in age from 3 to 18 years. Over three quarters were Latinos and 37% of the acute health problems involved dental needs. Two important issues are examined: a comparison of the opinions of the treated children's parents, referring school nurses, and medical providers concerning the potential disruption to the children's immediate school attendance and functioning; and a portrayal of the differential perceptions of the children's parents and school nurses concerning the psychological motivations of the parents to obtain care for their children's acute health problems. The results underscore the importance of early attention to acute childhood health problems: (1) parents who are unable to provide medical care for their children do notice that their children need care and are active in trying to access healthcare for their children; (2) medical professionals must be taught that most lower, middle class parents, often termed the "working poor," do try very hard to procure physical health care for their children; and (3) too many children and falling through the cracks of the U.S. health care system. The average estimated monetary cost for each acute care service provided was $350, with 70% of nurses, 70% of parents, and 38% of health care providers reporting that the health problem was moderately to highly interfering with the child's school functioning. (RJM)

We head to the House Floor and hear Rep. Jack Franks and Rep. David Harris discuss the effects of the Governor’s cuts to the Child Care Assistance program.

'Central Aid to the Institutes working for Poor in Chamoli (U.P.) (20-Dec-1999)' from the RS Debates Digital Library

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J.D. Vance offers a compelling, firsthand account of life among the white working poor, and in particular among a family with roots in the Appalachia region of northern Kentucky. It's easy to devise economic explanations for this group's stagnation and retrogression, but a deeply ingrained set of self-destructive ideas and behaviors renders futile most conventional, political approaches to remedying the problem. This is an episode you won't soon forget. Subscribe to the Tom Woods Show: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-tom-woods-show/id716825890?mt=2 http://www.TomWoods.com/706 http://www.SupportingListeners.com http://www.RonPaulHomeschool.com http://www.FreeHistoryCourse.com

Sociologist and author Lisa Dodson talks about the day-to-day struggles of the working class in the U.S. GRITtv with Laura Flanders brings participatory democracy onto your computer screen and into your living room, bridging the gap between audience and advocates. Watch any show, at any time: http://grittv.org

Sociologist and author Lisa Dodson talks about the day-to-day struggles of the working class in the U.S. GRITtv with Laura Flanders brings participatory democracy onto your computer screen and into your living room, bridging the gap between audience and advocates. Watch any show, at any time: http://grittv.org

Sociologist and author Lisa Dodson talks about the day-to-day struggles of the working class in the U.S. GRITtv with Laura Flanders brings participatory democracy onto your computer screen and into your living room, bridging the gap between audience and advocates. Watch any show, at any time: http://grittv.org

Thoughts on the use of machines, in the cotton manufacture. Addressed to the working people in that manufacture, and to the poor in general. By a friend of the poor. 1780.. Digitized from IA40316214-73 . Previous issue: bim_eighteenth-century_candid-and-impartial-nar_officer-then-serving-in-_1779 . Next issue: bim_eighteenth-century_an-historical-account-of_elstobb-william-land-s_1793 .

Thoughts on the use of machines, in the cotton manufacture. Addressed to the working people in that manufacture, and to the poor in general. By a friend of the poor. 1780.. Digitized from IA40316214-73 . Previous issue: bim_eighteenth-century_candid-and-impartial-nar_officer-then-serving-in-_1779 . Next issue: bim_eighteenth-century_an-historical-account-of_elstobb-william-land-s_1793 .

This is a story on the working poor and homeless in the USA. This story went to air on the 4 Corners program ABC TV 13th of March 2017.Category Nonprofits & ActivismSuggested by LDS Downtown Abbey's Carson Dumbfounded By Card Trick | Next Great Magician | AmazeMusic in this video Learn more Listen ad-free with YouTube Premium Song It's a day to Day ThingArtist Daniel Emile Andre Finot, Jean-Francois Morin, APM Music - Cezame Music - Cezame, Arnaud Bertrand Cyrille RozenblatAlbum SERIAL DRAMA: 28 SCREEN STORIES FOR ELECTRIC GUITARLicensed to YouTube by APM Music (on behalf of Cezame); APM (Publishing), Rumblefish (Publishing), and 3 Music Rights Societies

This is a story on the working poor and homeless in the USA. This story went to air on the 4 Corners program ABC TV 13th of March 2017.Category Nonprofits & ActivismSuggested by LDS Downtown Abbey's Carson Dumbfounded By Card Trick | Next Great Magician | AmazeMusic in this video Learn more Listen ad-free with YouTube Premium Song It's a day to Day ThingArtist Daniel Emile Andre Finot, Jean-Francois Morin, APM Music - Cezame Music - Cezame, Arnaud Bertrand Cyrille RozenblatAlbum SERIAL DRAMA: 28 SCREEN STORIES FOR ELECTRIC GUITARLicensed to YouTube by APM Music (on behalf of Cezame); APM (Publishing), Rumblefish (Publishing), and 3 Music Rights Societies

On the institution of working-schools for poor girls, and of Sunday schools for poor boys and girls, in Chester. 1800.. Digitized from IA40310308-84 . Previous issue: bim_eighteenth-century_just-published-price-tw_t-slack-and-co_1765 . Next issue: bim_eighteenth-century_mr-laws-character-vind_one-who-is-disinterested_1721 .

Book digitized by Google from the library of the University of Michigan and uploaded to the Internet Archive by user tpb.