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1Episode 61 : We're Back....and Different! (but The Same)
By The Regen Nation Podcast (Formerly Tesla Talks)
Welcome to the Regen Nation Podcast. Our new name for the channel and show. We talk mainly Tesla, BUT we throw in some EV discussion too. On this episode we talk about Tesla's Magic Dock, Lucid, are they dead?, Tesla HW 4 and much more with Franklin aka Tesla MotherFrunker and Dan aka Northern Tesla.
“Episode 61 : We're Back....and Different! (but The Same)” Metadata:
- Title: ➤ Episode 61 : We're Back....and Different! (but The Same)
- Author: ➤ The Regen Nation Podcast (Formerly Tesla Talks)
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- Internet Archive ID: ➤ kqoh7z8faxkh5ktepzg4s7buzzahoxb45utwljwh
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The book is available for download in "audio" format, the size of the file-s is: 78.33 Mbs, the file-s went public at Mon Mar 06 2023.
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2Pokémon Liquid Crystal Playthrough, Part 1: The Same But Different
By TheKillerNacho
Welcome to my first episode of my Pokemon Liquid Crystal playthrough! Pokemon Liquid Crystal is a rom-hack of Pokemon Fire Red that seeks to remake and improve Pokemon Crystal. It is very well-done, and I am proud to present this game for you and my fans to enjoy. In this episode, we start off on our quest and I discuss some of LaZ's improvements to the Fire Red engine that are noticable right off the bat. This playthrough will likely be updated on a weekly or bi-weekly basis, so stay tuned! For those who want to play with me, I've compiled a tutorial about how to get Liquid Crystal working on your computer: http://youtu.be/_HEiwQBCYCQ You can find Liquid Crystal's official site here: http://linkandzelda.com/liquidcrystal/ Follow me on Facebook & Twitter. I'll be looking for battles via Facebook Status from now on: http://www.facebook.com/TKillerNacho http://www.twitter.com/TheKillerNacho/ Check out my blog: http://thekillernacho.blogspot.com/ Like, comment, subscribe!
“Pokémon Liquid Crystal Playthrough, Part 1: The Same But Different” Metadata:
- Title: ➤ Pokémon Liquid Crystal Playthrough, Part 1: The Same But Different
- Author: TheKillerNacho
- Language: English
“Pokémon Liquid Crystal Playthrough, Part 1: The Same But Different” Subjects and Themes:
- Subjects: thekillernacho - pokemon liquid crystal - playthrough
Edition Identifiers:
- Internet Archive ID: ➤ PokmonLiquidCrystalPlaythroughPart1TheSameButDifferent
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The book is available for download in "movies" format, the size of the file-s is: 175.55 Mbs, the file-s for this book were downloaded 92 times, the file-s went public at Sun Jul 09 2017.
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3Same Same But Different: A Survey Experiment Investigating The Effects Of Co-ethnicity And Shared Civic Values On Attitudes Towards Immigrants In Singapore
By AI EN ISABEL CHEW
When salient immigrant groups include both co-ethnics and non-coethnics, how might co-ethnicity potentially moderate the effect of norm-violation on anti-immigrant sentiments? When norms are adhered to, I expect immigrants to have a preference for co-ethnic immigrants over non-coethnic immigrants. However, when norms are violated, I hypothesised that native-born citizens will penalize co-ethnic immigrants more than non-coethnic immigrants. This is because the violation of civic norms is an outgroup cue that clearly demarcates the immigrant as the ‘Other’. Yet when the perpetrator is a co-ethnic, ethnic similarities with the norm-violating immigrant blurs the boundary between the native-born citizen and this ‘Other’, threatening the native’s evaluation of self. Ethnicity is an especially unique marker of identity in this regard because of its ‘stickiness’ and visibility. I test this theory with a sample of 1,100 respondents in Singapore, using a 2x3 factorial experiment that interacts ethnicity and norm adherence/violation. Respondents are given a vignette describing a hypothetical immigrant to read, before being asked a series of questions evaluating their attitudes towards this hypothetical immigrant.
“Same Same But Different: A Survey Experiment Investigating The Effects Of Co-ethnicity And Shared Civic Values On Attitudes Towards Immigrants In Singapore” Metadata:
- Title: ➤ Same Same But Different: A Survey Experiment Investigating The Effects Of Co-ethnicity And Shared Civic Values On Attitudes Towards Immigrants In Singapore
- Author: AI EN ISABEL CHEW
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- Internet Archive ID: osf-registrations-86dgm-v1
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The book is available for download in "data" format, the size of the file-s is: 0.80 Mbs, the file-s for this book were downloaded 1 times, the file-s went public at Wed Feb 22 2023.
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4Same-same But Different: Same Fit Satisfies/frustrates Different Needs. The Mediating Role Of Need Satisfaction And Need Frustration In The Relationship Between Intrinsic/ Extrinsic Goal Fit And OCB, Engagement, Organizational Commitment (affective, Continuous, Normative), Emotional Exhaustion And Counterproductive Behavior
By Eva Straus, Anja Van den Broeck, Edo Meyer and Christian Korunka
Personal life goals are beliefs about a desirable state that are fundamental for our self-identity and often represent the guiding principles for our life (Schwartz, 1992). So, they are important for directing our attitudes, behavior and judgements (Deci & Ryan, 2000; Chatman, 1989, 1991). The Self-Determination Theory (SDT) distinguishes between extrinsic and intrinsic aspirations (Deci & Ryan, 2000; Kasser & Ryan, 1993 & 1996). Previous studies state that high wellbeing, turnover intentions, job satisfaction and need satisfaction are associated with intrinsic goal orientation. Therefore, they claim that the content of an employee’s personal goal matters (Vansteenkiste, Duriez, Simons & Soenens, 2003; Kasser & Ryan, 1996; Kasser & Ryan, 2001). Other researcher argue that instead of the content of goals it is the fit between personal goals and the environment which evokes positive job outcomes (Verquer, Beehr & Wagner, 2002; Kristov-Brown, Zimmerman & Johnson, 2005) and high need satisfaction (Greguras & Diefendorff, 2009). Obviously, the question arises what happens when an employee strives for extrinsic goals and this striving fits with its environment? Is the strive for extrinsic values crucial for less need satisfaction, independently of the fit? In this longitudinal study (three measurements with a 4-week interval) we will have a look at the mediating role of need satisfaction between intrinsic vs. extrinsic goal fit and positive job outcomes (organizational citizenship behavior, engagement, affective organizational commitment) as well as at the meditating role of need frustration between intrinsic vs. extrinsic goal fit and negative job outcomes (counterproductive behavior, emotional exhaustion, continuous and normative organizational commitment). The sample shall include at least 200 participants cross-sectionally.
“Same-same But Different: Same Fit Satisfies/frustrates Different Needs. The Mediating Role Of Need Satisfaction And Need Frustration In The Relationship Between Intrinsic/ Extrinsic Goal Fit And OCB, Engagement, Organizational Commitment (affective, Continuous, Normative), Emotional Exhaustion And Counterproductive Behavior” Metadata:
- Title: ➤ Same-same But Different: Same Fit Satisfies/frustrates Different Needs. The Mediating Role Of Need Satisfaction And Need Frustration In The Relationship Between Intrinsic/ Extrinsic Goal Fit And OCB, Engagement, Organizational Commitment (affective, Continuous, Normative), Emotional Exhaustion And Counterproductive Behavior
- Authors: Eva StrausAnja Van den BroeckEdo MeyerChristian Korunka
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- Internet Archive ID: osf-registrations-4g9en-v1
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5Same Same, But Different –A Meta-analysis Regarding The Consequences Of Anthropomorphism In Human-robot Interaction
By Eileen Roesler and Linda Onnasch
The meta-analysis aims to investigate how anthropomorphic design features affect the perception of robots, the attitudes towards the robot, the affects induced by the interaction and the behavior towards the robot. The heterogeneity of the results will be further analyzed by using the dimension of anthropomorphism, task relevancy, domain and exposure type as moderators.
“Same Same, But Different –A Meta-analysis Regarding The Consequences Of Anthropomorphism In Human-robot Interaction” Metadata:
- Title: ➤ Same Same, But Different –A Meta-analysis Regarding The Consequences Of Anthropomorphism In Human-robot Interaction
- Authors: Eileen RoeslerLinda Onnasch
Edition Identifiers:
- Internet Archive ID: osf-registrations-52gx4-v1
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The book is available for download in "data" format, the size of the file-s is: 0.81 Mbs, the file-s for this book were downloaded 2 times, the file-s went public at Thu Aug 26 2021.
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6#حل_اسئلة_lesson5and6_unit8_لغة_انجليزية_كونتكت4_رابعة_ابتدائي_منكتاب_المعاصر_والباهر_وماي_فريند #منارة_العلم_english_for_you | By English For You منارة العلم | Facebook | A Lesson Was Titled Or We Will Start With Some Of The First Question We Say, The First Thing He Says, We Will Choose From The Choices Before Us, And In Order Not To Make Lines, And The World Remains A Puzzle, So He Puts Me In Squares In Front Of The Phrase That I Chose. And I Care Very Much About The Connection Issues Because As We Agreed, The Mistake In It Remains Double. If You Have A Mistake In One, You Will Have A Mistake In Another, So Read Well. Aaand He Chose . Here I Am Saying That I Played Games With, Of Course, With My Cousins. So, What Did You Take? I Say, I Mean, I Take A Box Of Juice With It, I Say, I Say, We Had A Very Special Party. I Took With Her I Say I Ate A Big Slice Of Chocolate Cake Or Chocolate Tart. She Took With Her A What Do People Decorate Christmas Trees With? Ah Ah Ah Ah People Decorate The Christmas Tree Ah In Christmas There Is A Tiger That Comes With This. The Question After That He Tells Me, I Mean, I Am Arranging The Words To Make A Correct Sentence. He Tells Me And Put Me 'aa' Under The Word I'm Supposed To Start With. She Also Wrote It To Me In A Different Color And Initialized Me With Captain Letter. I Want To Make A Question In Which I Ask About Who Was In The Party. The Question Will Start With The Quiz And Then I Will Look For The Action That Is, And Then I Will Say, "I Mean, Who Was In The Party?" Stay And Of Course Put The Question Mark. He Says I Want To Say That I Ate Some Salads And Fruits. I'll Already Start What It Is. And Then The Verb Which Is And Then It Means Some Fruit. I Want To Say That My Whole Family Came To Celebrate, Then I Will Start By Saying And Saying, Then Conscience Remains My Family, And Then The Action Which Is, All My Family Came To Celebrate. Okay, The Third Question, We Say I Want To Say That All My Family Came Because Of Course, We Are Celebrating. Then I Say And Choose, Let's Celebrate. And Of Course Followed By The Verb In The Source. Action In Means Action In Aa Aa Aa The Source Did Not Add Anything To It So It Is. In The Afternoon, Me And My Cousins Played What? What Is Left For Her? Or Does The Christmas Tree Mean Giving New Life Or Is It Considered A New Life Competition. Of Course, We Spent It Here And Put A Name Because Christmas, I Can Remove It And Put Instead Of It. What Is The Sentence In A Time, So How Is It Necessary To Act With The Last S. U.K. ? So I Chose Here. Ok. Oh, Of Course He Told Me About Mine. I Mean Did We Have A Trip Or A Picnic I Mean A Huge Ahh. In My Aunt's Garden Or In My Aunt's Yard. U.K. ? It Stays. What Have We Done? We Sang A Song For Our Mother, Ah, The Last Birthday, Because He Said, "Anything Extra Remains A Sign Of Signs, So With It I Have To Answer The Action In Ah Ah Ah, The Second Act Of His, This Is A Great Act. From Which It Will Be Ok. We Will Read And Then Translate It Again, And It Is Similar To The Piece We Took In The Lesson. But Here He Is Talking About That In The Lesson He Was Talking About Aa. He Says And Translation, This Is A Sign Of Signs, So Everything That Comes Will Be In The Past. Activist On The Bus For The Sake Of Ownership. My Past. Here Is The Sadness. Here Is The Last Thing Left. My Past Because. My Past Because. Then Finish The Sentence, Put And Then Complete. And Put A Period. My Past. My Past. My Past. Of Her. Okay, Let's Translate Then. This Past Week. It Was All My Every Came To Celebrate. All My Cousins And Cousins, And Keep In Mind That Here Is A Conscience. If It Were A Word, I Would Have Said I Can't Say Yes As Long As There Is Bakhtar, Say Along. All My Cousins And Uncles, Ah Ah, My Aunts, My Uncles And My Aunts, And My Uncles. Had So Much Food. Prayer Salad Dead Aa Meat Fish Live Aa Cakes Biscuits And Fruit Played With Cousins Aaa I Ate A Big Piece Of Chocolate Cake Or Chocolate Tart. & Drank A Can Of Orange Juice We Sang For Mom And We Sang For Her The Song Of Me And My Brother Gave Her As A Gift. It Was A Special Day We Were Very Happy. Ok Let's Answer It. Ah He Says. We Will Choose The Correct Answer He Says I Drank A Juice Box. What Juice Was That? And Or Or? Of Course, Here He Said, Then What Do I Choose? Then He Says, Does The Whole Family Come To Celebrate? Who Birthday Is It ? In The Beginning, He Said So All The Family Came To Celebrate What Birthday? It Stays. Ok. He Says And These Are The Written Questions In Which I Need To Know How To Make The Sentence? And How Do I Answer The Question? He Says What Was This Special Day For? It Remains, Indeed. Getting Started. And Then I Say And Then I Say What Was It? Cuz He Up Here He Told Me It Remains, Indeed. Getting Started. He Says. The Writer Or The One Who Tells Us The Story, He Sang To His Mother, Of Course, Here He Said, "Aaa, I Will Say, I Will Start With It, Okay?" Here In The Question, I Made The Action That Implies It Will Not Be A Bank, Because It Cannot Be Two Actions After Each Other. Aa, But When I Answer, I Will Return The Action To The Original. She In The Question Remains If The Action In The Answer Is In. From Her, So I Said. Then, Of Course, Here It Will Remain, Because I Add The Sentence With It, And Then I Will Put Because It Contains The Sentence, It Will Remain Hers, And I Will Put It, And Then It Will Remain, And Then We Will Complete The Sentence And Put Like This, We Are Done With Some Solutions To Contemporary Questions. We Will Solve Now With Some Questions. Now We Solve The Questions Of A Book By Saying. I Mean Read And Choose The Correct Answer From. He Tells Me To Dot. I Want To Say All My Family Came Together To Celebrate. I Will Say Or Not, Of Course, As Long As There Is A Conscience, I Will Choose, I Will Choose. I Want To Say, We Had Ah Picnic, Ah Huge Or Big Cell, Means A Big Trip, It Will Be My Past. I Want To Tell My Grandmother To Say, I Mean, I Ate A Slice Of Chocolate Cake Or A Chocolate Tart, Then She Loved It Here, As We Agreed, I Will Come After Her, Then She Loved To See The Whole Family. And Here I Said Because I Have No Conscience. If It Was In It, I Would Say. All ? Then Because He Comes After Her, He Will Remain After Her. I Say We All Had A Good Time Or We Enjoyed The Time. So I Want To Say That He Drank, Then I Threw The Ball. I Mean I Threw The Ball. So Proud Of You. Aa The Question After That He Says Read And Arrange. In Order To Arrange The Sentence, The Word Is Written Under It A Letter Or Write It In A Letter Or Write In A Different Color. I Start, Then I See The Action, Then I See Continuation. He Tells Me Ramadan I Want To Say That We Use Lanterns In Ramadan. Ramadan Is Around. So We Use Lanterns In Ramadan. I Want To Say That My Birthday Is A Special Day. Then I Will Say That My Birthday Is A Special Day It Remains Ramadan. We Will Fill In The Spaces. The First One To Say So I Mean, What Did I Play With My Cousins? So I Played Games With My Cousins. I Want To Say That My Grandmother Was Ninety Years Old. It Remains Okey. Ok. I Want To Say That A Tree Always Remains Its Color, That Means A Tree Always Remains Green. He Brought Me A Picture And He Wanted Me To Put A Sentence On It, And This Is Another Type Of What He Has For Me. He Brings Me Four Pictures And Asks Me To Make A Sentence For Each Picture. Here He Brought Me A Writer To Tell Me That The Grandmother Here Is Ninety Years Old Seventy Years Old Like What Medini Is In The Picture. So My Grandmother Is Seventy Years Old. Of Course, I Start To Start With It, And In The End I Put To Get The Degree. Ok Here I Can Say That This Is My Birthday Cake. So This Is My Birthday Cake. In The Beginning And In The End I Put Because Of The Signs Of AA, I Took The Grade. Okay, Let's Take Care Of The Delivery Questions, Because The Mistakes Will Be Doubled. We Sang The Christmas Song, Stay With It. I Mean I Played With My Cousins. What Is Left With It? It's A Treat To See Aa The Whole Family Is Ant With Her Di. And As We Know, If It Comes After It, It Means It Comes After That, Then It Becomes A Number After It, So We Decorated The Tree With Colorful Balls, It Becomes A Number Taken With It, Of Course, Aaa, For The Sake Of The Correct Sentence Or The Wrong Sentence. The Piece Says Two Years Ago We Had A Special Party. Aaaw My Great Grandma Great Grandma She Was Ninety. My Whole Family Came To Celebrate. All My Cousins And Uncle. Aww All My Aunties And Aunties. All My Uncles And Aunties. G. M. It Was A Big Trip Or A Big Picnic In The Garden Of My Aunt Or Aunt. There Was A Lot Of Food Fish Meat Salad. Life Is Cake, Biscuits And Fruit. I Ate A Big Piece Of Chocolate Cake Or Chocolate Tart. Ahhh And Drank A Bottle Of Aa Or A Can Of Orange Juice. I Also Ate Some Salads And Fruits. Oh, He Says Yes, This Is Because He Told Me Here And If He Told Me To Stay Here, You Will Stay. He Tells Me No, He Told Me That There Was Not Enough Food, No, This Was A Lot Of Food, So I Tell Him, A Number, He Tells Me Here In The Piece, He Told Me, It Is Not And We Should Care About It, What It Is Because We Do Not Care About It, Because Of Course, The Six, The Nine Upside Down Means The Opposite In In Writing, Because We Don't Care About It, So Stay Focused With Me, So You Don't Laugh At Me. Of Course Because She Is Not. Okay, It Will Be, And Then A Question, I Will Put A Question Mark At The End, And In The End, I Will Put The Question Mark. Okay, Now We Are Done With Solving The Questions Of The Book. Now We Will Solve The Questions Of The Book Of Al-Baher. The First Thing We Start And What Teaches Me Is That I Hear And Through Hearing Cat The Meaning Or Guess The Meaning. Of Course, The Pieces Are Repeated, Meaning The Same Pieces In The Question Book, But Hers Will Be Different. Ahhh But It's Some Kind Of Coaching I Mean. Let's Listen To This Song. He Is Enough To Get You A Piece Of The Big Piece. He Brought You Two Lines Like This. He Tells You That We Used To Have A Trip In The Garden Of My Aunt. There Was A Lot Of Food, And He Tells You What Is This Food Like? And Let's Take Care Of The One Who Puts The Two Points. There Was Salad, Then Meat, Fish, Bread, Cakes, Aa Fruit Biscuits. I Ate Ah Big Slice Of Chocolate Cake Or Chocolate. And I Drank A Can Of Juice Or A Bottle Of Orange Juice. I Also Ate Salad And Fruit. Oh, Of Course, We Heard And Translated. So It Is Supposed That I Will Post And Say. Of Course, This Is Because He Told Me That He Is. The Second One Says . Here He Told Me A Big Piece Not A Small Piece. Here He Tells Me, So Of Course I Will Choose. Aa, He Says Of Course This Because He Is Here, He Said That Aa Aa, He Is Eating, So Of Course He Is. He Said That He Or Both Have The Same Meaning, So It Will Remain. Ok. Answer The Following Questions One Of The Signs Of All The Exercises That You Will Get This Term. He Teaches Me That I Choose The Second Definition Of The Verb With Excellence In Noble Actions. It Stays. I Don't Want To Say The Great Grandmother Who Is My Grandmother's Mother. Then I Will Choose To Say That We Had A Huge Trip, Then As We See Every Motivated And All Brought It From The Piece, Because When We Say English Memorization And Application, Then We Say The Truth. The Lesson That Is Given To You, You Know Its Motivation, You Know Its Meaning, You Know The Prepositions That Come, You See Your Rule Applies To Solving The Questions, Nothing More Than That. Then He Wants To Say That We Sang For The Great Grandmother, Then Of Course, Then He Will Come After That, Then He Will Say, We All Had Fun And We All Had A Good Time, Then He Says, He Will Stay, So I Drank A Bottle Of Orange Juice Or A Glass Of Orange Juice. So It Will Remain, I Mean I Ate A Big Slice Of Chocolate Cake. So, As We Agreed, We Say On The Pizza, We Say All This On It. Ahhh We Usually Say But Because You Are Here Saying On The Cake, So I Said If Only I Said So People Decorate The Christmas Tree In The Christmas Tree. Why Didn't You Put It Here? Cause I Said Sum This Means I Remove It And Replace It. So In Acting With A Costume, The Action Is Without Additions As If It Is Exactly In The Source. All ? If He Said, But You Would Have Said And Put S, Which Is The Rule Of The First Term. Go Back To The Videos And See The Base And Review It. All ? It Stays. Read And Complete The Text With Words From The Square. So Everyone Means Happy And Joyful. I Mean Enjoyable . Special Means. Of Course. It Was A Special Day And A Special Day. Who Is Our Great Grandmother. Or My Grandma's Mom Was So Hilarious. It Stays. I Mean Oh She Had A Desire To See The Whole Family. And He Says, We All Had A Good Time And We Were Happy With The Time We Spent, It Was A Good Time. Ok. The Same Repetitive Piece About Him Is Not Smart, But The Questions Remain Different. I Mean From 2 Years Ago. As Long As I See It, It's A Sign Of Signs, All The Discharge Of Actions That Come To Me Will Be In The Past. The Past Is What Remains. Ah Such A Special Party. I Mean My Great Grandma Was Ninety Years Old. Of Course She Stayed Because All My Family Came To Celebrate. All My Cousins And Uncles Aunts And Aunts. My Uncles And Aunties We Have A Very Big Trip. Huge Ride In The Garden Of My Aunties. Food Had A Lot Of Salad. Water, Meat, Bread, Cakes, Biscuits, Salad, I Ate A Big Slice Of Chocolate Cake, Drank In A Bottle Of Orange Juice, I Also Ate Salad And Fruit, I Chose The Correct Answer, Of Course, Is My Guide Here, I Am In The Exam, And I Say, "I Took It Like This In Class, So I Don't Go Back To The Piece." You Can Find Him Who Did It For You, He Did It For You And He Who Owes You In The Piece, Walk On It. Can He Also Work In Turban Who Has The Number Written In Diamond. Aa And Write To Me, Then Write To Me. So You Know That In Math This Means In English. And The Difference Between. Ok. Of Course All My Aunts And Aunties Gm Ah Birthday Party. Ok, These Fried Questions Show Me If You Have A Skill, And I'll See How You Can Answer The Question. You Uh, What Did You Enjoy? Or What Did You Take In The Garden Of Your Aunt. I Will Start And Then Say What? From The Piece . I Will Write The Line As It Is. And How Should I Respond? Already Starting What It Is. Here In The Question In Vacant Lan Yegi After Which A Source. When I Answer The Answer, I Will Reply To Its Origin, So I Am Done Partying, Then It Will Remain In The Past In The Post. And Then The Thing I Took, I Brought It From The Piece That Is And Continue. Ok Then The Question After That He Will Tell Me Why I Left It For Me. When I Come To Answer, I Will Say, Because You Return It To Me Again. The Second Definition Of When I Answer. Why Should I Say? He Said To Me That He Is. So That They May Celebrate. So, In Order To Celebrate, They Celebrate, Who Else? Ahh My Great Grandma First Birthday Party. Okay, Let's Be Careful So We Don't Make Mistakes. There Was A Fraction Of A Fraction Of Food At The Party. Staying With Her . I Mean, Why Did They Play With Each Other? What Is Left With It? He Comes After That, He Comes After That, Then He Stays With Him, This Is A Number Eaten After The Salad And Fruits, Then He Remains With Her. If You Try This Way To Make One Of The Countries Wrong, You Will Find That You Make A Mistake In Another Sentence, So The Mistake Will Be Doubled, So Be Careful. We Will Arrange The Words To Make A Useful Sentence. I Want To Say That We All Had A Good Time. Then I Will Start Doing What He Has Put A Line Under It. The Action That It Is Means We All Had A Good Time. Then I Am The Verb. Here I Am Eating Some Salads And Fruit. I Want To Say That It Was A Special Day. I Will Start With What He Put Me Under The Line Of What Is The Action. After That, I Will Really Bring What Remains, And Then He Will Be Distinguished. Then We Put Punctuation Mark. You Will Remain A Capital. After We Will Work, Then We Will Put The Ace One. And We Put In The End, It Remains That I Put Here The Property Here, I Started It And I Put It, And In The End I Put It. That's It, We're Done With Each Other, Explaining And Solving Exercises Or Studying In. Aaa, God Willing, We Will Take A Test On The Next Class. And We Will Enter Together To Explain The Story. Follow Me On Manaraat Al-Alam Channel And Manaraat El-Alam Page. We Will Explain The Entire English Curriculum For The Fourth Grade Of Primary School. We Will Solve Some Questions From All Foreign Books On Each Lesson As You Can See. And We Will Solve With Some Aaa Tests And Reviews. And We Will Explain On The Channel The Method Of Islamic Religion. And The IT Curriculum Is Arabic And Languages. Vocational Skills Curriculum, Social Studies Curriculum And Islamic Religion Curriculum. We Will Solve Some Of The Questions Of The Knowledge Bank In All Subjects, God Willing, Work On The Video, Invite Your Friends To Subscribe To The Channel, Work Under The Video, And Turn On The Bell, So That You Will Get All What We Offer, Any Suggestions, Any Incomprehensible Things, Anything We Want To Solve Together Tully, Oh, My God. Either Below The Video, Either On The Messages Of The Manaraat Al-Alam Page Or On The Manaraat El-Alam Group For The Fourth Grade Of Primary School. Thank You For Your Good Listening. If You Were With The Manara Al-Alam Eh. And Beck Is Filthy
By English for you منارة العلم
The meta-analysis aims to investigate how anthropomorphic design features affect the perception of robots, the attitudes towards the robot, the affects induced by the interaction and the behavior towards the robot. The heterogeneity of the results will be further analyzed by using the dimension of anthropomorphism, task relevancy, domain and exposure type as moderators.
“#حل_اسئلة_lesson5and6_unit8_لغة_انجليزية_كونتكت4_رابعة_ابتدائي_منكتاب_المعاصر_والباهر_وماي_فريند #منارة_العلم_english_for_you | By English For You منارة العلم | Facebook | A Lesson Was Titled Or We Will Start With Some Of The First Question We Say, The First Thing He Says, We Will Choose From The Choices Before Us, And In Order Not To Make Lines, And The World Remains A Puzzle, So He Puts Me In Squares In Front Of The Phrase That I Chose. And I Care Very Much About The Connection Issues Because As We Agreed, The Mistake In It Remains Double. If You Have A Mistake In One, You Will Have A Mistake In Another, So Read Well. Aaand He Chose . Here I Am Saying That I Played Games With, Of Course, With My Cousins. So, What Did You Take? I Say, I Mean, I Take A Box Of Juice With It, I Say, I Say, We Had A Very Special Party. I Took With Her I Say I Ate A Big Slice Of Chocolate Cake Or Chocolate Tart. She Took With Her A What Do People Decorate Christmas Trees With? Ah Ah Ah Ah People Decorate The Christmas Tree Ah In Christmas There Is A Tiger That Comes With This. The Question After That He Tells Me, I Mean, I Am Arranging The Words To Make A Correct Sentence. He Tells Me And Put Me 'aa' Under The Word I'm Supposed To Start With. She Also Wrote It To Me In A Different Color And Initialized Me With Captain Letter. I Want To Make A Question In Which I Ask About Who Was In The Party. The Question Will Start With The Quiz And Then I Will Look For The Action That Is, And Then I Will Say, "I Mean, Who Was In The Party?" Stay And Of Course Put The Question Mark. He Says I Want To Say That I Ate Some Salads And Fruits. I'll Already Start What It Is. And Then The Verb Which Is And Then It Means Some Fruit. I Want To Say That My Whole Family Came To Celebrate, Then I Will Start By Saying And Saying, Then Conscience Remains My Family, And Then The Action Which Is, All My Family Came To Celebrate. Okay, The Third Question, We Say I Want To Say That All My Family Came Because Of Course, We Are Celebrating. Then I Say And Choose, Let's Celebrate. And Of Course Followed By The Verb In The Source. Action In Means Action In Aa Aa Aa The Source Did Not Add Anything To It So It Is. In The Afternoon, Me And My Cousins Played What? What Is Left For Her? Or Does The Christmas Tree Mean Giving New Life Or Is It Considered A New Life Competition. Of Course, We Spent It Here And Put A Name Because Christmas, I Can Remove It And Put Instead Of It. What Is The Sentence In A Time, So How Is It Necessary To Act With The Last S. U.K. ? So I Chose Here. Ok. Oh, Of Course He Told Me About Mine. I Mean Did We Have A Trip Or A Picnic I Mean A Huge Ahh. In My Aunt's Garden Or In My Aunt's Yard. U.K. ? It Stays. What Have We Done? We Sang A Song For Our Mother, Ah, The Last Birthday, Because He Said, "Anything Extra Remains A Sign Of Signs, So With It I Have To Answer The Action In Ah Ah Ah, The Second Act Of His, This Is A Great Act. From Which It Will Be Ok. We Will Read And Then Translate It Again, And It Is Similar To The Piece We Took In The Lesson. But Here He Is Talking About That In The Lesson He Was Talking About Aa. He Says And Translation, This Is A Sign Of Signs, So Everything That Comes Will Be In The Past. Activist On The Bus For The Sake Of Ownership. My Past. Here Is The Sadness. Here Is The Last Thing Left. My Past Because. My Past Because. Then Finish The Sentence, Put And Then Complete. And Put A Period. My Past. My Past. My Past. Of Her. Okay, Let's Translate Then. This Past Week. It Was All My Every Came To Celebrate. All My Cousins And Cousins, And Keep In Mind That Here Is A Conscience. If It Were A Word, I Would Have Said I Can't Say Yes As Long As There Is Bakhtar, Say Along. All My Cousins And Uncles, Ah Ah, My Aunts, My Uncles And My Aunts, And My Uncles. Had So Much Food. Prayer Salad Dead Aa Meat Fish Live Aa Cakes Biscuits And Fruit Played With Cousins Aaa I Ate A Big Piece Of Chocolate Cake Or Chocolate Tart. & Drank A Can Of Orange Juice We Sang For Mom And We Sang For Her The Song Of Me And My Brother Gave Her As A Gift. It Was A Special Day We Were Very Happy. Ok Let's Answer It. Ah He Says. We Will Choose The Correct Answer He Says I Drank A Juice Box. What Juice Was That? And Or Or? Of Course, Here He Said, Then What Do I Choose? Then He Says, Does The Whole Family Come To Celebrate? Who Birthday Is It ? In The Beginning, He Said So All The Family Came To Celebrate What Birthday? It Stays. Ok. He Says And These Are The Written Questions In Which I Need To Know How To Make The Sentence? And How Do I Answer The Question? He Says What Was This Special Day For? It Remains, Indeed. Getting Started. And Then I Say And Then I Say What Was It? Cuz He Up Here He Told Me It Remains, Indeed. Getting Started. He Says. The Writer Or The One Who Tells Us The Story, He Sang To His Mother, Of Course, Here He Said, "Aaa, I Will Say, I Will Start With It, Okay?" Here In The Question, I Made The Action That Implies It Will Not Be A Bank, Because It Cannot Be Two Actions After Each Other. Aa, But When I Answer, I Will Return The Action To The Original. She In The Question Remains If The Action In The Answer Is In. From Her, So I Said. Then, Of Course, Here It Will Remain, Because I Add The Sentence With It, And Then I Will Put Because It Contains The Sentence, It Will Remain Hers, And I Will Put It, And Then It Will Remain, And Then We Will Complete The Sentence And Put Like This, We Are Done With Some Solutions To Contemporary Questions. We Will Solve Now With Some Questions. Now We Solve The Questions Of A Book By Saying. I Mean Read And Choose The Correct Answer From. He Tells Me To Dot. I Want To Say All My Family Came Together To Celebrate. I Will Say Or Not, Of Course, As Long As There Is A Conscience, I Will Choose, I Will Choose. I Want To Say, We Had Ah Picnic, Ah Huge Or Big Cell, Means A Big Trip, It Will Be My Past. I Want To Tell My Grandmother To Say, I Mean, I Ate A Slice Of Chocolate Cake Or A Chocolate Tart, Then She Loved It Here, As We Agreed, I Will Come After Her, Then She Loved To See The Whole Family. And Here I Said Because I Have No Conscience. If It Was In It, I Would Say. All ? Then Because He Comes After Her, He Will Remain After Her. I Say We All Had A Good Time Or We Enjoyed The Time. So I Want To Say That He Drank, Then I Threw The Ball. I Mean I Threw The Ball. So Proud Of You. Aa The Question After That He Says Read And Arrange. In Order To Arrange The Sentence, The Word Is Written Under It A Letter Or Write It In A Letter Or Write In A Different Color. I Start, Then I See The Action, Then I See Continuation. He Tells Me Ramadan I Want To Say That We Use Lanterns In Ramadan. Ramadan Is Around. So We Use Lanterns In Ramadan. I Want To Say That My Birthday Is A Special Day. Then I Will Say That My Birthday Is A Special Day It Remains Ramadan. We Will Fill In The Spaces. The First One To Say So I Mean, What Did I Play With My Cousins? So I Played Games With My Cousins. I Want To Say That My Grandmother Was Ninety Years Old. It Remains Okey. Ok. I Want To Say That A Tree Always Remains Its Color, That Means A Tree Always Remains Green. He Brought Me A Picture And He Wanted Me To Put A Sentence On It, And This Is Another Type Of What He Has For Me. He Brings Me Four Pictures And Asks Me To Make A Sentence For Each Picture. Here He Brought Me A Writer To Tell Me That The Grandmother Here Is Ninety Years Old Seventy Years Old Like What Medini Is In The Picture. So My Grandmother Is Seventy Years Old. Of Course, I Start To Start With It, And In The End I Put To Get The Degree. Ok Here I Can Say That This Is My Birthday Cake. So This Is My Birthday Cake. In The Beginning And In The End I Put Because Of The Signs Of AA, I Took The Grade. Okay, Let's Take Care Of The Delivery Questions, Because The Mistakes Will Be Doubled. We Sang The Christmas Song, Stay With It. I Mean I Played With My Cousins. What Is Left With It? It's A Treat To See Aa The Whole Family Is Ant With Her Di. And As We Know, If It Comes After It, It Means It Comes After That, Then It Becomes A Number After It, So We Decorated The Tree With Colorful Balls, It Becomes A Number Taken With It, Of Course, Aaa, For The Sake Of The Correct Sentence Or The Wrong Sentence. The Piece Says Two Years Ago We Had A Special Party. Aaaw My Great Grandma Great Grandma She Was Ninety. My Whole Family Came To Celebrate. All My Cousins And Uncle. Aww All My Aunties And Aunties. All My Uncles And Aunties. G. M. It Was A Big Trip Or A Big Picnic In The Garden Of My Aunt Or Aunt. There Was A Lot Of Food Fish Meat Salad. Life Is Cake, Biscuits And Fruit. I Ate A Big Piece Of Chocolate Cake Or Chocolate Tart. Ahhh And Drank A Bottle Of Aa Or A Can Of Orange Juice. I Also Ate Some Salads And Fruits. Oh, He Says Yes, This Is Because He Told Me Here And If He Told Me To Stay Here, You Will Stay. He Tells Me No, He Told Me That There Was Not Enough Food, No, This Was A Lot Of Food, So I Tell Him, A Number, He Tells Me Here In The Piece, He Told Me, It Is Not And We Should Care About It, What It Is Because We Do Not Care About It, Because Of Course, The Six, The Nine Upside Down Means The Opposite In In Writing, Because We Don't Care About It, So Stay Focused With Me, So You Don't Laugh At Me. Of Course Because She Is Not. Okay, It Will Be, And Then A Question, I Will Put A Question Mark At The End, And In The End, I Will Put The Question Mark. Okay, Now We Are Done With Solving The Questions Of The Book. Now We Will Solve The Questions Of The Book Of Al-Baher. The First Thing We Start And What Teaches Me Is That I Hear And Through Hearing Cat The Meaning Or Guess The Meaning. Of Course, The Pieces Are Repeated, Meaning The Same Pieces In The Question Book, But Hers Will Be Different. Ahhh But It's Some Kind Of Coaching I Mean. Let's Listen To This Song. He Is Enough To Get You A Piece Of The Big Piece. He Brought You Two Lines Like This. He Tells You That We Used To Have A Trip In The Garden Of My Aunt. There Was A Lot Of Food, And He Tells You What Is This Food Like? And Let's Take Care Of The One Who Puts The Two Points. There Was Salad, Then Meat, Fish, Bread, Cakes, Aa Fruit Biscuits. I Ate Ah Big Slice Of Chocolate Cake Or Chocolate. And I Drank A Can Of Juice Or A Bottle Of Orange Juice. I Also Ate Salad And Fruit. Oh, Of Course, We Heard And Translated. So It Is Supposed That I Will Post And Say. Of Course, This Is Because He Told Me That He Is. The Second One Says . Here He Told Me A Big Piece Not A Small Piece. Here He Tells Me, So Of Course I Will Choose. Aa, He Says Of Course This Because He Is Here, He Said That Aa Aa, He Is Eating, So Of Course He Is. He Said That He Or Both Have The Same Meaning, So It Will Remain. Ok. Answer The Following Questions One Of The Signs Of All The Exercises That You Will Get This Term. He Teaches Me That I Choose The Second Definition Of The Verb With Excellence In Noble Actions. It Stays. I Don't Want To Say The Great Grandmother Who Is My Grandmother's Mother. Then I Will Choose To Say That We Had A Huge Trip, Then As We See Every Motivated And All Brought It From The Piece, Because When We Say English Memorization And Application, Then We Say The Truth. The Lesson That Is Given To You, You Know Its Motivation, You Know Its Meaning, You Know The Prepositions That Come, You See Your Rule Applies To Solving The Questions, Nothing More Than That. Then He Wants To Say That We Sang For The Great Grandmother, Then Of Course, Then He Will Come After That, Then He Will Say, We All Had Fun And We All Had A Good Time, Then He Says, He Will Stay, So I Drank A Bottle Of Orange Juice Or A Glass Of Orange Juice. So It Will Remain, I Mean I Ate A Big Slice Of Chocolate Cake. So, As We Agreed, We Say On The Pizza, We Say All This On It. Ahhh We Usually Say But Because You Are Here Saying On The Cake, So I Said If Only I Said So People Decorate The Christmas Tree In The Christmas Tree. Why Didn't You Put It Here? Cause I Said Sum This Means I Remove It And Replace It. So In Acting With A Costume, The Action Is Without Additions As If It Is Exactly In The Source. All ? If He Said, But You Would Have Said And Put S, Which Is The Rule Of The First Term. Go Back To The Videos And See The Base And Review It. All ? It Stays. Read And Complete The Text With Words From The Square. So Everyone Means Happy And Joyful. I Mean Enjoyable . Special Means. Of Course. It Was A Special Day And A Special Day. Who Is Our Great Grandmother. Or My Grandma's Mom Was So Hilarious. It Stays. I Mean Oh She Had A Desire To See The Whole Family. And He Says, We All Had A Good Time And We Were Happy With The Time We Spent, It Was A Good Time. Ok. The Same Repetitive Piece About Him Is Not Smart, But The Questions Remain Different. I Mean From 2 Years Ago. As Long As I See It, It's A Sign Of Signs, All The Discharge Of Actions That Come To Me Will Be In The Past. The Past Is What Remains. Ah Such A Special Party. I Mean My Great Grandma Was Ninety Years Old. Of Course She Stayed Because All My Family Came To Celebrate. All My Cousins And Uncles Aunts And Aunts. My Uncles And Aunties We Have A Very Big Trip. Huge Ride In The Garden Of My Aunties. Food Had A Lot Of Salad. Water, Meat, Bread, Cakes, Biscuits, Salad, I Ate A Big Slice Of Chocolate Cake, Drank In A Bottle Of Orange Juice, I Also Ate Salad And Fruit, I Chose The Correct Answer, Of Course, Is My Guide Here, I Am In The Exam, And I Say, "I Took It Like This In Class, So I Don't Go Back To The Piece." You Can Find Him Who Did It For You, He Did It For You And He Who Owes You In The Piece, Walk On It. Can He Also Work In Turban Who Has The Number Written In Diamond. Aa And Write To Me, Then Write To Me. So You Know That In Math This Means In English. And The Difference Between. Ok. Of Course All My Aunts And Aunties Gm Ah Birthday Party. Ok, These Fried Questions Show Me If You Have A Skill, And I'll See How You Can Answer The Question. You Uh, What Did You Enjoy? Or What Did You Take In The Garden Of Your Aunt. I Will Start And Then Say What? From The Piece . I Will Write The Line As It Is. And How Should I Respond? Already Starting What It Is. Here In The Question In Vacant Lan Yegi After Which A Source. When I Answer The Answer, I Will Reply To Its Origin, So I Am Done Partying, Then It Will Remain In The Past In The Post. And Then The Thing I Took, I Brought It From The Piece That Is And Continue. Ok Then The Question After That He Will Tell Me Why I Left It For Me. When I Come To Answer, I Will Say, Because You Return It To Me Again. The Second Definition Of When I Answer. Why Should I Say? He Said To Me That He Is. So That They May Celebrate. So, In Order To Celebrate, They Celebrate, Who Else? Ahh My Great Grandma First Birthday Party. Okay, Let's Be Careful So We Don't Make Mistakes. There Was A Fraction Of A Fraction Of Food At The Party. Staying With Her . I Mean, Why Did They Play With Each Other? What Is Left With It? He Comes After That, He Comes After That, Then He Stays With Him, This Is A Number Eaten After The Salad And Fruits, Then He Remains With Her. If You Try This Way To Make One Of The Countries Wrong, You Will Find That You Make A Mistake In Another Sentence, So The Mistake Will Be Doubled, So Be Careful. We Will Arrange The Words To Make A Useful Sentence. I Want To Say That We All Had A Good Time. Then I Will Start Doing What He Has Put A Line Under It. The Action That It Is Means We All Had A Good Time. Then I Am The Verb. Here I Am Eating Some Salads And Fruit. I Want To Say That It Was A Special Day. I Will Start With What He Put Me Under The Line Of What Is The Action. After That, I Will Really Bring What Remains, And Then He Will Be Distinguished. Then We Put Punctuation Mark. You Will Remain A Capital. After We Will Work, Then We Will Put The Ace One. And We Put In The End, It Remains That I Put Here The Property Here, I Started It And I Put It, And In The End I Put It. That's It, We're Done With Each Other, Explaining And Solving Exercises Or Studying In. Aaa, God Willing, We Will Take A Test On The Next Class. And We Will Enter Together To Explain The Story. Follow Me On Manaraat Al-Alam Channel And Manaraat El-Alam Page. We Will Explain The Entire English Curriculum For The Fourth Grade Of Primary School. We Will Solve Some Questions From All Foreign Books On Each Lesson As You Can See. And We Will Solve With Some Aaa Tests And Reviews. And We Will Explain On The Channel The Method Of Islamic Religion. And The IT Curriculum Is Arabic And Languages. Vocational Skills Curriculum, Social Studies Curriculum And Islamic Religion Curriculum. We Will Solve Some Of The Questions Of The Knowledge Bank In All Subjects, God Willing, Work On The Video, Invite Your Friends To Subscribe To The Channel, Work Under The Video, And Turn On The Bell, So That You Will Get All What We Offer, Any Suggestions, Any Incomprehensible Things, Anything We Want To Solve Together Tully, Oh, My God. Either Below The Video, Either On The Messages Of The Manaraat Al-Alam Page Or On The Manaraat El-Alam Group For The Fourth Grade Of Primary School. Thank You For Your Good Listening. If You Were With The Manara Al-Alam Eh. And Beck Is Filthy” Metadata:
- Title: ➤ #حل_اسئلة_lesson5and6_unit8_لغة_انجليزية_كونتكت4_رابعة_ابتدائي_منكتاب_المعاصر_والباهر_وماي_فريند #منارة_العلم_english_for_you | By English For You منارة العلم | Facebook | A Lesson Was Titled Or We Will Start With Some Of The First Question We Say, The First Thing He Says, We Will Choose From The Choices Before Us, And In Order Not To Make Lines, And The World Remains A Puzzle, So He Puts Me In Squares In Front Of The Phrase That I Chose. And I Care Very Much About The Connection Issues Because As We Agreed, The Mistake In It Remains Double. If You Have A Mistake In One, You Will Have A Mistake In Another, So Read Well. Aaand He Chose . Here I Am Saying That I Played Games With, Of Course, With My Cousins. So, What Did You Take? I Say, I Mean, I Take A Box Of Juice With It, I Say, I Say, We Had A Very Special Party. I Took With Her I Say I Ate A Big Slice Of Chocolate Cake Or Chocolate Tart. She Took With Her A What Do People Decorate Christmas Trees With? Ah Ah Ah Ah People Decorate The Christmas Tree Ah In Christmas There Is A Tiger That Comes With This. The Question After That He Tells Me, I Mean, I Am Arranging The Words To Make A Correct Sentence. He Tells Me And Put Me 'aa' Under The Word I'm Supposed To Start With. She Also Wrote It To Me In A Different Color And Initialized Me With Captain Letter. I Want To Make A Question In Which I Ask About Who Was In The Party. The Question Will Start With The Quiz And Then I Will Look For The Action That Is, And Then I Will Say, "I Mean, Who Was In The Party?" Stay And Of Course Put The Question Mark. He Says I Want To Say That I Ate Some Salads And Fruits. I'll Already Start What It Is. And Then The Verb Which Is And Then It Means Some Fruit. I Want To Say That My Whole Family Came To Celebrate, Then I Will Start By Saying And Saying, Then Conscience Remains My Family, And Then The Action Which Is, All My Family Came To Celebrate. Okay, The Third Question, We Say I Want To Say That All My Family Came Because Of Course, We Are Celebrating. Then I Say And Choose, Let's Celebrate. And Of Course Followed By The Verb In The Source. Action In Means Action In Aa Aa Aa The Source Did Not Add Anything To It So It Is. In The Afternoon, Me And My Cousins Played What? What Is Left For Her? Or Does The Christmas Tree Mean Giving New Life Or Is It Considered A New Life Competition. Of Course, We Spent It Here And Put A Name Because Christmas, I Can Remove It And Put Instead Of It. What Is The Sentence In A Time, So How Is It Necessary To Act With The Last S. U.K. ? So I Chose Here. Ok. Oh, Of Course He Told Me About Mine. I Mean Did We Have A Trip Or A Picnic I Mean A Huge Ahh. In My Aunt's Garden Or In My Aunt's Yard. U.K. ? It Stays. What Have We Done? We Sang A Song For Our Mother, Ah, The Last Birthday, Because He Said, "Anything Extra Remains A Sign Of Signs, So With It I Have To Answer The Action In Ah Ah Ah, The Second Act Of His, This Is A Great Act. From Which It Will Be Ok. We Will Read And Then Translate It Again, And It Is Similar To The Piece We Took In The Lesson. But Here He Is Talking About That In The Lesson He Was Talking About Aa. He Says And Translation, This Is A Sign Of Signs, So Everything That Comes Will Be In The Past. Activist On The Bus For The Sake Of Ownership. My Past. Here Is The Sadness. Here Is The Last Thing Left. My Past Because. My Past Because. Then Finish The Sentence, Put And Then Complete. And Put A Period. My Past. My Past. My Past. Of Her. Okay, Let's Translate Then. This Past Week. It Was All My Every Came To Celebrate. All My Cousins And Cousins, And Keep In Mind That Here Is A Conscience. If It Were A Word, I Would Have Said I Can't Say Yes As Long As There Is Bakhtar, Say Along. All My Cousins And Uncles, Ah Ah, My Aunts, My Uncles And My Aunts, And My Uncles. Had So Much Food. Prayer Salad Dead Aa Meat Fish Live Aa Cakes Biscuits And Fruit Played With Cousins Aaa I Ate A Big Piece Of Chocolate Cake Or Chocolate Tart. & Drank A Can Of Orange Juice We Sang For Mom And We Sang For Her The Song Of Me And My Brother Gave Her As A Gift. It Was A Special Day We Were Very Happy. Ok Let's Answer It. Ah He Says. We Will Choose The Correct Answer He Says I Drank A Juice Box. What Juice Was That? And Or Or? Of Course, Here He Said, Then What Do I Choose? Then He Says, Does The Whole Family Come To Celebrate? Who Birthday Is It ? In The Beginning, He Said So All The Family Came To Celebrate What Birthday? It Stays. Ok. He Says And These Are The Written Questions In Which I Need To Know How To Make The Sentence? And How Do I Answer The Question? He Says What Was This Special Day For? It Remains, Indeed. Getting Started. And Then I Say And Then I Say What Was It? Cuz He Up Here He Told Me It Remains, Indeed. Getting Started. He Says. The Writer Or The One Who Tells Us The Story, He Sang To His Mother, Of Course, Here He Said, "Aaa, I Will Say, I Will Start With It, Okay?" Here In The Question, I Made The Action That Implies It Will Not Be A Bank, Because It Cannot Be Two Actions After Each Other. Aa, But When I Answer, I Will Return The Action To The Original. She In The Question Remains If The Action In The Answer Is In. From Her, So I Said. Then, Of Course, Here It Will Remain, Because I Add The Sentence With It, And Then I Will Put Because It Contains The Sentence, It Will Remain Hers, And I Will Put It, And Then It Will Remain, And Then We Will Complete The Sentence And Put Like This, We Are Done With Some Solutions To Contemporary Questions. We Will Solve Now With Some Questions. Now We Solve The Questions Of A Book By Saying. I Mean Read And Choose The Correct Answer From. He Tells Me To Dot. I Want To Say All My Family Came Together To Celebrate. I Will Say Or Not, Of Course, As Long As There Is A Conscience, I Will Choose, I Will Choose. I Want To Say, We Had Ah Picnic, Ah Huge Or Big Cell, Means A Big Trip, It Will Be My Past. I Want To Tell My Grandmother To Say, I Mean, I Ate A Slice Of Chocolate Cake Or A Chocolate Tart, Then She Loved It Here, As We Agreed, I Will Come After Her, Then She Loved To See The Whole Family. And Here I Said Because I Have No Conscience. If It Was In It, I Would Say. All ? Then Because He Comes After Her, He Will Remain After Her. I Say We All Had A Good Time Or We Enjoyed The Time. So I Want To Say That He Drank, Then I Threw The Ball. I Mean I Threw The Ball. So Proud Of You. Aa The Question After That He Says Read And Arrange. In Order To Arrange The Sentence, The Word Is Written Under It A Letter Or Write It In A Letter Or Write In A Different Color. I Start, Then I See The Action, Then I See Continuation. He Tells Me Ramadan I Want To Say That We Use Lanterns In Ramadan. Ramadan Is Around. So We Use Lanterns In Ramadan. I Want To Say That My Birthday Is A Special Day. Then I Will Say That My Birthday Is A Special Day It Remains Ramadan. We Will Fill In The Spaces. The First One To Say So I Mean, What Did I Play With My Cousins? So I Played Games With My Cousins. I Want To Say That My Grandmother Was Ninety Years Old. It Remains Okey. Ok. I Want To Say That A Tree Always Remains Its Color, That Means A Tree Always Remains Green. He Brought Me A Picture And He Wanted Me To Put A Sentence On It, And This Is Another Type Of What He Has For Me. He Brings Me Four Pictures And Asks Me To Make A Sentence For Each Picture. Here He Brought Me A Writer To Tell Me That The Grandmother Here Is Ninety Years Old Seventy Years Old Like What Medini Is In The Picture. So My Grandmother Is Seventy Years Old. Of Course, I Start To Start With It, And In The End I Put To Get The Degree. Ok Here I Can Say That This Is My Birthday Cake. So This Is My Birthday Cake. In The Beginning And In The End I Put Because Of The Signs Of AA, I Took The Grade. Okay, Let's Take Care Of The Delivery Questions, Because The Mistakes Will Be Doubled. We Sang The Christmas Song, Stay With It. I Mean I Played With My Cousins. What Is Left With It? It's A Treat To See Aa The Whole Family Is Ant With Her Di. And As We Know, If It Comes After It, It Means It Comes After That, Then It Becomes A Number After It, So We Decorated The Tree With Colorful Balls, It Becomes A Number Taken With It, Of Course, Aaa, For The Sake Of The Correct Sentence Or The Wrong Sentence. The Piece Says Two Years Ago We Had A Special Party. Aaaw My Great Grandma Great Grandma She Was Ninety. My Whole Family Came To Celebrate. All My Cousins And Uncle. Aww All My Aunties And Aunties. All My Uncles And Aunties. G. M. It Was A Big Trip Or A Big Picnic In The Garden Of My Aunt Or Aunt. There Was A Lot Of Food Fish Meat Salad. Life Is Cake, Biscuits And Fruit. I Ate A Big Piece Of Chocolate Cake Or Chocolate Tart. Ahhh And Drank A Bottle Of Aa Or A Can Of Orange Juice. I Also Ate Some Salads And Fruits. Oh, He Says Yes, This Is Because He Told Me Here And If He Told Me To Stay Here, You Will Stay. He Tells Me No, He Told Me That There Was Not Enough Food, No, This Was A Lot Of Food, So I Tell Him, A Number, He Tells Me Here In The Piece, He Told Me, It Is Not And We Should Care About It, What It Is Because We Do Not Care About It, Because Of Course, The Six, The Nine Upside Down Means The Opposite In In Writing, Because We Don't Care About It, So Stay Focused With Me, So You Don't Laugh At Me. Of Course Because She Is Not. Okay, It Will Be, And Then A Question, I Will Put A Question Mark At The End, And In The End, I Will Put The Question Mark. Okay, Now We Are Done With Solving The Questions Of The Book. Now We Will Solve The Questions Of The Book Of Al-Baher. The First Thing We Start And What Teaches Me Is That I Hear And Through Hearing Cat The Meaning Or Guess The Meaning. Of Course, The Pieces Are Repeated, Meaning The Same Pieces In The Question Book, But Hers Will Be Different. Ahhh But It's Some Kind Of Coaching I Mean. Let's Listen To This Song. He Is Enough To Get You A Piece Of The Big Piece. He Brought You Two Lines Like This. He Tells You That We Used To Have A Trip In The Garden Of My Aunt. There Was A Lot Of Food, And He Tells You What Is This Food Like? And Let's Take Care Of The One Who Puts The Two Points. There Was Salad, Then Meat, Fish, Bread, Cakes, Aa Fruit Biscuits. I Ate Ah Big Slice Of Chocolate Cake Or Chocolate. And I Drank A Can Of Juice Or A Bottle Of Orange Juice. I Also Ate Salad And Fruit. Oh, Of Course, We Heard And Translated. So It Is Supposed That I Will Post And Say. Of Course, This Is Because He Told Me That He Is. The Second One Says . Here He Told Me A Big Piece Not A Small Piece. Here He Tells Me, So Of Course I Will Choose. Aa, He Says Of Course This Because He Is Here, He Said That Aa Aa, He Is Eating, So Of Course He Is. He Said That He Or Both Have The Same Meaning, So It Will Remain. Ok. Answer The Following Questions One Of The Signs Of All The Exercises That You Will Get This Term. He Teaches Me That I Choose The Second Definition Of The Verb With Excellence In Noble Actions. It Stays. I Don't Want To Say The Great Grandmother Who Is My Grandmother's Mother. Then I Will Choose To Say That We Had A Huge Trip, Then As We See Every Motivated And All Brought It From The Piece, Because When We Say English Memorization And Application, Then We Say The Truth. The Lesson That Is Given To You, You Know Its Motivation, You Know Its Meaning, You Know The Prepositions That Come, You See Your Rule Applies To Solving The Questions, Nothing More Than That. Then He Wants To Say That We Sang For The Great Grandmother, Then Of Course, Then He Will Come After That, Then He Will Say, We All Had Fun And We All Had A Good Time, Then He Says, He Will Stay, So I Drank A Bottle Of Orange Juice Or A Glass Of Orange Juice. So It Will Remain, I Mean I Ate A Big Slice Of Chocolate Cake. So, As We Agreed, We Say On The Pizza, We Say All This On It. Ahhh We Usually Say But Because You Are Here Saying On The Cake, So I Said If Only I Said So People Decorate The Christmas Tree In The Christmas Tree. Why Didn't You Put It Here? Cause I Said Sum This Means I Remove It And Replace It. So In Acting With A Costume, The Action Is Without Additions As If It Is Exactly In The Source. All ? If He Said, But You Would Have Said And Put S, Which Is The Rule Of The First Term. Go Back To The Videos And See The Base And Review It. All ? It Stays. Read And Complete The Text With Words From The Square. So Everyone Means Happy And Joyful. I Mean Enjoyable . Special Means. Of Course. It Was A Special Day And A Special Day. Who Is Our Great Grandmother. Or My Grandma's Mom Was So Hilarious. It Stays. I Mean Oh She Had A Desire To See The Whole Family. And He Says, We All Had A Good Time And We Were Happy With The Time We Spent, It Was A Good Time. Ok. The Same Repetitive Piece About Him Is Not Smart, But The Questions Remain Different. I Mean From 2 Years Ago. As Long As I See It, It's A Sign Of Signs, All The Discharge Of Actions That Come To Me Will Be In The Past. The Past Is What Remains. Ah Such A Special Party. I Mean My Great Grandma Was Ninety Years Old. Of Course She Stayed Because All My Family Came To Celebrate. All My Cousins And Uncles Aunts And Aunts. My Uncles And Aunties We Have A Very Big Trip. Huge Ride In The Garden Of My Aunties. Food Had A Lot Of Salad. Water, Meat, Bread, Cakes, Biscuits, Salad, I Ate A Big Slice Of Chocolate Cake, Drank In A Bottle Of Orange Juice, I Also Ate Salad And Fruit, I Chose The Correct Answer, Of Course, Is My Guide Here, I Am In The Exam, And I Say, "I Took It Like This In Class, So I Don't Go Back To The Piece." You Can Find Him Who Did It For You, He Did It For You And He Who Owes You In The Piece, Walk On It. Can He Also Work In Turban Who Has The Number Written In Diamond. Aa And Write To Me, Then Write To Me. So You Know That In Math This Means In English. And The Difference Between. Ok. Of Course All My Aunts And Aunties Gm Ah Birthday Party. Ok, These Fried Questions Show Me If You Have A Skill, And I'll See How You Can Answer The Question. You Uh, What Did You Enjoy? Or What Did You Take In The Garden Of Your Aunt. I Will Start And Then Say What? From The Piece . I Will Write The Line As It Is. And How Should I Respond? Already Starting What It Is. Here In The Question In Vacant Lan Yegi After Which A Source. When I Answer The Answer, I Will Reply To Its Origin, So I Am Done Partying, Then It Will Remain In The Past In The Post. And Then The Thing I Took, I Brought It From The Piece That Is And Continue. Ok Then The Question After That He Will Tell Me Why I Left It For Me. When I Come To Answer, I Will Say, Because You Return It To Me Again. The Second Definition Of When I Answer. Why Should I Say? He Said To Me That He Is. So That They May Celebrate. So, In Order To Celebrate, They Celebrate, Who Else? Ahh My Great Grandma First Birthday Party. Okay, Let's Be Careful So We Don't Make Mistakes. There Was A Fraction Of A Fraction Of Food At The Party. Staying With Her . I Mean, Why Did They Play With Each Other? What Is Left With It? He Comes After That, He Comes After That, Then He Stays With Him, This Is A Number Eaten After The Salad And Fruits, Then He Remains With Her. If You Try This Way To Make One Of The Countries Wrong, You Will Find That You Make A Mistake In Another Sentence, So The Mistake Will Be Doubled, So Be Careful. We Will Arrange The Words To Make A Useful Sentence. I Want To Say That We All Had A Good Time. Then I Will Start Doing What He Has Put A Line Under It. The Action That It Is Means We All Had A Good Time. Then I Am The Verb. Here I Am Eating Some Salads And Fruit. I Want To Say That It Was A Special Day. I Will Start With What He Put Me Under The Line Of What Is The Action. After That, I Will Really Bring What Remains, And Then He Will Be Distinguished. Then We Put Punctuation Mark. You Will Remain A Capital. After We Will Work, Then We Will Put The Ace One. And We Put In The End, It Remains That I Put Here The Property Here, I Started It And I Put It, And In The End I Put It. That's It, We're Done With Each Other, Explaining And Solving Exercises Or Studying In. Aaa, God Willing, We Will Take A Test On The Next Class. And We Will Enter Together To Explain The Story. Follow Me On Manaraat Al-Alam Channel And Manaraat El-Alam Page. We Will Explain The Entire English Curriculum For The Fourth Grade Of Primary School. We Will Solve Some Questions From All Foreign Books On Each Lesson As You Can See. And We Will Solve With Some Aaa Tests And Reviews. And We Will Explain On The Channel The Method Of Islamic Religion. And The IT Curriculum Is Arabic And Languages. Vocational Skills Curriculum, Social Studies Curriculum And Islamic Religion Curriculum. We Will Solve Some Of The Questions Of The Knowledge Bank In All Subjects, God Willing, Work On The Video, Invite Your Friends To Subscribe To The Channel, Work Under The Video, And Turn On The Bell, So That You Will Get All What We Offer, Any Suggestions, Any Incomprehensible Things, Anything We Want To Solve Together Tully, Oh, My God. Either Below The Video, Either On The Messages Of The Manaraat Al-Alam Page Or On The Manaraat El-Alam Group For The Fourth Grade Of Primary School. Thank You For Your Good Listening. If You Were With The Manara Al-Alam Eh. And Beck Is Filthy
- Author: English for you منارة العلم
“#حل_اسئلة_lesson5and6_unit8_لغة_انجليزية_كونتكت4_رابعة_ابتدائي_منكتاب_المعاصر_والباهر_وماي_فريند #منارة_العلم_english_for_you | By English For You منارة العلم | Facebook | A Lesson Was Titled Or We Will Start With Some Of The First Question We Say, The First Thing He Says, We Will Choose From The Choices Before Us, And In Order Not To Make Lines, And The World Remains A Puzzle, So He Puts Me In Squares In Front Of The Phrase That I Chose. And I Care Very Much About The Connection Issues Because As We Agreed, The Mistake In It Remains Double. If You Have A Mistake In One, You Will Have A Mistake In Another, So Read Well. Aaand He Chose . Here I Am Saying That I Played Games With, Of Course, With My Cousins. So, What Did You Take? I Say, I Mean, I Take A Box Of Juice With It, I Say, I Say, We Had A Very Special Party. I Took With Her I Say I Ate A Big Slice Of Chocolate Cake Or Chocolate Tart. She Took With Her A What Do People Decorate Christmas Trees With? Ah Ah Ah Ah People Decorate The Christmas Tree Ah In Christmas There Is A Tiger That Comes With This. The Question After That He Tells Me, I Mean, I Am Arranging The Words To Make A Correct Sentence. He Tells Me And Put Me 'aa' Under The Word I'm Supposed To Start With. She Also Wrote It To Me In A Different Color And Initialized Me With Captain Letter. I Want To Make A Question In Which I Ask About Who Was In The Party. The Question Will Start With The Quiz And Then I Will Look For The Action That Is, And Then I Will Say, "I Mean, Who Was In The Party?" Stay And Of Course Put The Question Mark. He Says I Want To Say That I Ate Some Salads And Fruits. I'll Already Start What It Is. And Then The Verb Which Is And Then It Means Some Fruit. I Want To Say That My Whole Family Came To Celebrate, Then I Will Start By Saying And Saying, Then Conscience Remains My Family, And Then The Action Which Is, All My Family Came To Celebrate. Okay, The Third Question, We Say I Want To Say That All My Family Came Because Of Course, We Are Celebrating. Then I Say And Choose, Let's Celebrate. And Of Course Followed By The Verb In The Source. Action In Means Action In Aa Aa Aa The Source Did Not Add Anything To It So It Is. In The Afternoon, Me And My Cousins Played What? What Is Left For Her? Or Does The Christmas Tree Mean Giving New Life Or Is It Considered A New Life Competition. Of Course, We Spent It Here And Put A Name Because Christmas, I Can Remove It And Put Instead Of It. What Is The Sentence In A Time, So How Is It Necessary To Act With The Last S. U.K. ? So I Chose Here. Ok. Oh, Of Course He Told Me About Mine. I Mean Did We Have A Trip Or A Picnic I Mean A Huge Ahh. In My Aunt's Garden Or In My Aunt's Yard. U.K. ? It Stays. What Have We Done? We Sang A Song For Our Mother, Ah, The Last Birthday, Because He Said, "Anything Extra Remains A Sign Of Signs, So With It I Have To Answer The Action In Ah Ah Ah, The Second Act Of His, This Is A Great Act. From Which It Will Be Ok. We Will Read And Then Translate It Again, And It Is Similar To The Piece We Took In The Lesson. But Here He Is Talking About That In The Lesson He Was Talking About Aa. He Says And Translation, This Is A Sign Of Signs, So Everything That Comes Will Be In The Past. Activist On The Bus For The Sake Of Ownership. My Past. Here Is The Sadness. Here Is The Last Thing Left. My Past Because. My Past Because. Then Finish The Sentence, Put And Then Complete. And Put A Period. My Past. My Past. My Past. Of Her. Okay, Let's Translate Then. This Past Week. It Was All My Every Came To Celebrate. All My Cousins And Cousins, And Keep In Mind That Here Is A Conscience. If It Were A Word, I Would Have Said I Can't Say Yes As Long As There Is Bakhtar, Say Along. All My Cousins And Uncles, Ah Ah, My Aunts, My Uncles And My Aunts, And My Uncles. Had So Much Food. Prayer Salad Dead Aa Meat Fish Live Aa Cakes Biscuits And Fruit Played With Cousins Aaa I Ate A Big Piece Of Chocolate Cake Or Chocolate Tart. & Drank A Can Of Orange Juice We Sang For Mom And We Sang For Her The Song Of Me And My Brother Gave Her As A Gift. It Was A Special Day We Were Very Happy. Ok Let's Answer It. Ah He Says. We Will Choose The Correct Answer He Says I Drank A Juice Box. What Juice Was That? And Or Or? Of Course, Here He Said, Then What Do I Choose? Then He Says, Does The Whole Family Come To Celebrate? Who Birthday Is It ? In The Beginning, He Said So All The Family Came To Celebrate What Birthday? It Stays. Ok. He Says And These Are The Written Questions In Which I Need To Know How To Make The Sentence? And How Do I Answer The Question? He Says What Was This Special Day For? It Remains, Indeed. Getting Started. And Then I Say And Then I Say What Was It? Cuz He Up Here He Told Me It Remains, Indeed. Getting Started. He Says. The Writer Or The One Who Tells Us The Story, He Sang To His Mother, Of Course, Here He Said, "Aaa, I Will Say, I Will Start With It, Okay?" Here In The Question, I Made The Action That Implies It Will Not Be A Bank, Because It Cannot Be Two Actions After Each Other. Aa, But When I Answer, I Will Return The Action To The Original. She In The Question Remains If The Action In The Answer Is In. From Her, So I Said. Then, Of Course, Here It Will Remain, Because I Add The Sentence With It, And Then I Will Put Because It Contains The Sentence, It Will Remain Hers, And I Will Put It, And Then It Will Remain, And Then We Will Complete The Sentence And Put Like This, We Are Done With Some Solutions To Contemporary Questions. We Will Solve Now With Some Questions. Now We Solve The Questions Of A Book By Saying. I Mean Read And Choose The Correct Answer From. He Tells Me To Dot. I Want To Say All My Family Came Together To Celebrate. I Will Say Or Not, Of Course, As Long As There Is A Conscience, I Will Choose, I Will Choose. I Want To Say, We Had Ah Picnic, Ah Huge Or Big Cell, Means A Big Trip, It Will Be My Past. I Want To Tell My Grandmother To Say, I Mean, I Ate A Slice Of Chocolate Cake Or A Chocolate Tart, Then She Loved It Here, As We Agreed, I Will Come After Her, Then She Loved To See The Whole Family. And Here I Said Because I Have No Conscience. If It Was In It, I Would Say. All ? Then Because He Comes After Her, He Will Remain After Her. I Say We All Had A Good Time Or We Enjoyed The Time. So I Want To Say That He Drank, Then I Threw The Ball. I Mean I Threw The Ball. So Proud Of You. Aa The Question After That He Says Read And Arrange. In Order To Arrange The Sentence, The Word Is Written Under It A Letter Or Write It In A Letter Or Write In A Different Color. I Start, Then I See The Action, Then I See Continuation. He Tells Me Ramadan I Want To Say That We Use Lanterns In Ramadan. Ramadan Is Around. So We Use Lanterns In Ramadan. I Want To Say That My Birthday Is A Special Day. Then I Will Say That My Birthday Is A Special Day It Remains Ramadan. We Will Fill In The Spaces. The First One To Say So I Mean, What Did I Play With My Cousins? So I Played Games With My Cousins. I Want To Say That My Grandmother Was Ninety Years Old. It Remains Okey. Ok. I Want To Say That A Tree Always Remains Its Color, That Means A Tree Always Remains Green. He Brought Me A Picture And He Wanted Me To Put A Sentence On It, And This Is Another Type Of What He Has For Me. He Brings Me Four Pictures And Asks Me To Make A Sentence For Each Picture. Here He Brought Me A Writer To Tell Me That The Grandmother Here Is Ninety Years Old Seventy Years Old Like What Medini Is In The Picture. So My Grandmother Is Seventy Years Old. Of Course, I Start To Start With It, And In The End I Put To Get The Degree. Ok Here I Can Say That This Is My Birthday Cake. So This Is My Birthday Cake. In The Beginning And In The End I Put Because Of The Signs Of AA, I Took The Grade. Okay, Let's Take Care Of The Delivery Questions, Because The Mistakes Will Be Doubled. We Sang The Christmas Song, Stay With It. I Mean I Played With My Cousins. What Is Left With It? It's A Treat To See Aa The Whole Family Is Ant With Her Di. And As We Know, If It Comes After It, It Means It Comes After That, Then It Becomes A Number After It, So We Decorated The Tree With Colorful Balls, It Becomes A Number Taken With It, Of Course, Aaa, For The Sake Of The Correct Sentence Or The Wrong Sentence. The Piece Says Two Years Ago We Had A Special Party. Aaaw My Great Grandma Great Grandma She Was Ninety. My Whole Family Came To Celebrate. All My Cousins And Uncle. Aww All My Aunties And Aunties. All My Uncles And Aunties. G. M. It Was A Big Trip Or A Big Picnic In The Garden Of My Aunt Or Aunt. There Was A Lot Of Food Fish Meat Salad. Life Is Cake, Biscuits And Fruit. I Ate A Big Piece Of Chocolate Cake Or Chocolate Tart. Ahhh And Drank A Bottle Of Aa Or A Can Of Orange Juice. I Also Ate Some Salads And Fruits. Oh, He Says Yes, This Is Because He Told Me Here And If He Told Me To Stay Here, You Will Stay. He Tells Me No, He Told Me That There Was Not Enough Food, No, This Was A Lot Of Food, So I Tell Him, A Number, He Tells Me Here In The Piece, He Told Me, It Is Not And We Should Care About It, What It Is Because We Do Not Care About It, Because Of Course, The Six, The Nine Upside Down Means The Opposite In In Writing, Because We Don't Care About It, So Stay Focused With Me, So You Don't Laugh At Me. Of Course Because She Is Not. Okay, It Will Be, And Then A Question, I Will Put A Question Mark At The End, And In The End, I Will Put The Question Mark. Okay, Now We Are Done With Solving The Questions Of The Book. Now We Will Solve The Questions Of The Book Of Al-Baher. The First Thing We Start And What Teaches Me Is That I Hear And Through Hearing Cat The Meaning Or Guess The Meaning. Of Course, The Pieces Are Repeated, Meaning The Same Pieces In The Question Book, But Hers Will Be Different. Ahhh But It's Some Kind Of Coaching I Mean. Let's Listen To This Song. He Is Enough To Get You A Piece Of The Big Piece. He Brought You Two Lines Like This. He Tells You That We Used To Have A Trip In The Garden Of My Aunt. There Was A Lot Of Food, And He Tells You What Is This Food Like? And Let's Take Care Of The One Who Puts The Two Points. There Was Salad, Then Meat, Fish, Bread, Cakes, Aa Fruit Biscuits. I Ate Ah Big Slice Of Chocolate Cake Or Chocolate. And I Drank A Can Of Juice Or A Bottle Of Orange Juice. I Also Ate Salad And Fruit. Oh, Of Course, We Heard And Translated. So It Is Supposed That I Will Post And Say. Of Course, This Is Because He Told Me That He Is. The Second One Says . Here He Told Me A Big Piece Not A Small Piece. Here He Tells Me, So Of Course I Will Choose. Aa, He Says Of Course This Because He Is Here, He Said That Aa Aa, He Is Eating, So Of Course He Is. He Said That He Or Both Have The Same Meaning, So It Will Remain. Ok. Answer The Following Questions One Of The Signs Of All The Exercises That You Will Get This Term. He Teaches Me That I Choose The Second Definition Of The Verb With Excellence In Noble Actions. It Stays. I Don't Want To Say The Great Grandmother Who Is My Grandmother's Mother. Then I Will Choose To Say That We Had A Huge Trip, Then As We See Every Motivated And All Brought It From The Piece, Because When We Say English Memorization And Application, Then We Say The Truth. The Lesson That Is Given To You, You Know Its Motivation, You Know Its Meaning, You Know The Prepositions That Come, You See Your Rule Applies To Solving The Questions, Nothing More Than That. Then He Wants To Say That We Sang For The Great Grandmother, Then Of Course, Then He Will Come After That, Then He Will Say, We All Had Fun And We All Had A Good Time, Then He Says, He Will Stay, So I Drank A Bottle Of Orange Juice Or A Glass Of Orange Juice. So It Will Remain, I Mean I Ate A Big Slice Of Chocolate Cake. So, As We Agreed, We Say On The Pizza, We Say All This On It. Ahhh We Usually Say But Because You Are Here Saying On The Cake, So I Said If Only I Said So People Decorate The Christmas Tree In The Christmas Tree. Why Didn't You Put It Here? Cause I Said Sum This Means I Remove It And Replace It. So In Acting With A Costume, The Action Is Without Additions As If It Is Exactly In The Source. All ? If He Said, But You Would Have Said And Put S, Which Is The Rule Of The First Term. Go Back To The Videos And See The Base And Review It. All ? It Stays. Read And Complete The Text With Words From The Square. So Everyone Means Happy And Joyful. I Mean Enjoyable . Special Means. Of Course. It Was A Special Day And A Special Day. Who Is Our Great Grandmother. Or My Grandma's Mom Was So Hilarious. It Stays. I Mean Oh She Had A Desire To See The Whole Family. And He Says, We All Had A Good Time And We Were Happy With The Time We Spent, It Was A Good Time. Ok. The Same Repetitive Piece About Him Is Not Smart, But The Questions Remain Different. I Mean From 2 Years Ago. As Long As I See It, It's A Sign Of Signs, All The Discharge Of Actions That Come To Me Will Be In The Past. The Past Is What Remains. Ah Such A Special Party. I Mean My Great Grandma Was Ninety Years Old. Of Course She Stayed Because All My Family Came To Celebrate. All My Cousins And Uncles Aunts And Aunts. My Uncles And Aunties We Have A Very Big Trip. Huge Ride In The Garden Of My Aunties. Food Had A Lot Of Salad. Water, Meat, Bread, Cakes, Biscuits, Salad, I Ate A Big Slice Of Chocolate Cake, Drank In A Bottle Of Orange Juice, I Also Ate Salad And Fruit, I Chose The Correct Answer, Of Course, Is My Guide Here, I Am In The Exam, And I Say, "I Took It Like This In Class, So I Don't Go Back To The Piece." You Can Find Him Who Did It For You, He Did It For You And He Who Owes You In The Piece, Walk On It. Can He Also Work In Turban Who Has The Number Written In Diamond. Aa And Write To Me, Then Write To Me. So You Know That In Math This Means In English. And The Difference Between. Ok. Of Course All My Aunts And Aunties Gm Ah Birthday Party. Ok, These Fried Questions Show Me If You Have A Skill, And I'll See How You Can Answer The Question. You Uh, What Did You Enjoy? Or What Did You Take In The Garden Of Your Aunt. I Will Start And Then Say What? From The Piece . I Will Write The Line As It Is. And How Should I Respond? Already Starting What It Is. Here In The Question In Vacant Lan Yegi After Which A Source. When I Answer The Answer, I Will Reply To Its Origin, So I Am Done Partying, Then It Will Remain In The Past In The Post. And Then The Thing I Took, I Brought It From The Piece That Is And Continue. Ok Then The Question After That He Will Tell Me Why I Left It For Me. When I Come To Answer, I Will Say, Because You Return It To Me Again. The Second Definition Of When I Answer. Why Should I Say? He Said To Me That He Is. So That They May Celebrate. So, In Order To Celebrate, They Celebrate, Who Else? Ahh My Great Grandma First Birthday Party. Okay, Let's Be Careful So We Don't Make Mistakes. There Was A Fraction Of A Fraction Of Food At The Party. Staying With Her . I Mean, Why Did They Play With Each Other? What Is Left With It? He Comes After That, He Comes After That, Then He Stays With Him, This Is A Number Eaten After The Salad And Fruits, Then He Remains With Her. If You Try This Way To Make One Of The Countries Wrong, You Will Find That You Make A Mistake In Another Sentence, So The Mistake Will Be Doubled, So Be Careful. We Will Arrange The Words To Make A Useful Sentence. I Want To Say That We All Had A Good Time. Then I Will Start Doing What He Has Put A Line Under It. The Action That It Is Means We All Had A Good Time. Then I Am The Verb. Here I Am Eating Some Salads And Fruit. I Want To Say That It Was A Special Day. I Will Start With What He Put Me Under The Line Of What Is The Action. After That, I Will Really Bring What Remains, And Then He Will Be Distinguished. Then We Put Punctuation Mark. You Will Remain A Capital. After We Will Work, Then We Will Put The Ace One. And We Put In The End, It Remains That I Put Here The Property Here, I Started It And I Put It, And In The End I Put It. That's It, We're Done With Each Other, Explaining And Solving Exercises Or Studying In. Aaa, God Willing, We Will Take A Test On The Next Class. And We Will Enter Together To Explain The Story. Follow Me On Manaraat Al-Alam Channel And Manaraat El-Alam Page. We Will Explain The Entire English Curriculum For The Fourth Grade Of Primary School. We Will Solve Some Questions From All Foreign Books On Each Lesson As You Can See. And We Will Solve With Some Aaa Tests And Reviews. And We Will Explain On The Channel The Method Of Islamic Religion. And The IT Curriculum Is Arabic And Languages. Vocational Skills Curriculum, Social Studies Curriculum And Islamic Religion Curriculum. We Will Solve Some Of The Questions Of The Knowledge Bank In All Subjects, God Willing, Work On The Video, Invite Your Friends To Subscribe To The Channel, Work Under The Video, And Turn On The Bell, So That You Will Get All What We Offer, Any Suggestions, Any Incomprehensible Things, Anything We Want To Solve Together Tully, Oh, My God. Either Below The Video, Either On The Messages Of The Manaraat Al-Alam Page Or On The Manaraat El-Alam Group For The Fourth Grade Of Primary School. Thank You For Your Good Listening. If You Were With The Manara Al-Alam Eh. And Beck Is Filthy” Subjects and Themes:
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Find #حل_اسئلة_lesson5and6_unit8_لغة_انجليزية_كونتكت4_رابعة_ابتدائي_منكتاب_المعاصر_والباهر_وماي_فريند #منارة_العلم_english_for_you | By English For You منارة العلم | Facebook | A Lesson Was Titled Or We Will Start With Some Of The First Question We Say, The First Thing He Says, We Will Choose From The Choices Before Us, And In Order Not To Make Lines, And The World Remains A Puzzle, So He Puts Me In Squares In Front Of The Phrase That I Chose. And I Care Very Much About The Connection Issues Because As We Agreed, The Mistake In It Remains Double. If You Have A Mistake In One, You Will Have A Mistake In Another, So Read Well. Aaand He Chose . Here I Am Saying That I Played Games With, Of Course, With My Cousins. So, What Did You Take? I Say, I Mean, I Take A Box Of Juice With It, I Say, I Say, We Had A Very Special Party. I Took With Her I Say I Ate A Big Slice Of Chocolate Cake Or Chocolate Tart. She Took With Her A What Do People Decorate Christmas Trees With? Ah Ah Ah Ah People Decorate The Christmas Tree Ah In Christmas There Is A Tiger That Comes With This. The Question After That He Tells Me, I Mean, I Am Arranging The Words To Make A Correct Sentence. He Tells Me And Put Me 'aa' Under The Word I'm Supposed To Start With. She Also Wrote It To Me In A Different Color And Initialized Me With Captain Letter. I Want To Make A Question In Which I Ask About Who Was In The Party. The Question Will Start With The Quiz And Then I Will Look For The Action That Is, And Then I Will Say, "I Mean, Who Was In The Party?" Stay And Of Course Put The Question Mark. He Says I Want To Say That I Ate Some Salads And Fruits. I'll Already Start What It Is. And Then The Verb Which Is And Then It Means Some Fruit. I Want To Say That My Whole Family Came To Celebrate, Then I Will Start By Saying And Saying, Then Conscience Remains My Family, And Then The Action Which Is, All My Family Came To Celebrate. Okay, The Third Question, We Say I Want To Say That All My Family Came Because Of Course, We Are Celebrating. Then I Say And Choose, Let's Celebrate. And Of Course Followed By The Verb In The Source. Action In Means Action In Aa Aa Aa The Source Did Not Add Anything To It So It Is. In The Afternoon, Me And My Cousins Played What? What Is Left For Her? Or Does The Christmas Tree Mean Giving New Life Or Is It Considered A New Life Competition. Of Course, We Spent It Here And Put A Name Because Christmas, I Can Remove It And Put Instead Of It. What Is The Sentence In A Time, So How Is It Necessary To Act With The Last S. U.K. ? So I Chose Here. Ok. Oh, Of Course He Told Me About Mine. I Mean Did We Have A Trip Or A Picnic I Mean A Huge Ahh. In My Aunt's Garden Or In My Aunt's Yard. U.K. ? It Stays. What Have We Done? We Sang A Song For Our Mother, Ah, The Last Birthday, Because He Said, "Anything Extra Remains A Sign Of Signs, So With It I Have To Answer The Action In Ah Ah Ah, The Second Act Of His, This Is A Great Act. From Which It Will Be Ok. We Will Read And Then Translate It Again, And It Is Similar To The Piece We Took In The Lesson. But Here He Is Talking About That In The Lesson He Was Talking About Aa. He Says And Translation, This Is A Sign Of Signs, So Everything That Comes Will Be In The Past. Activist On The Bus For The Sake Of Ownership. My Past. Here Is The Sadness. Here Is The Last Thing Left. My Past Because. My Past Because. Then Finish The Sentence, Put And Then Complete. And Put A Period. My Past. My Past. My Past. Of Her. Okay, Let's Translate Then. This Past Week. It Was All My Every Came To Celebrate. All My Cousins And Cousins, And Keep In Mind That Here Is A Conscience. If It Were A Word, I Would Have Said I Can't Say Yes As Long As There Is Bakhtar, Say Along. All My Cousins And Uncles, Ah Ah, My Aunts, My Uncles And My Aunts, And My Uncles. Had So Much Food. Prayer Salad Dead Aa Meat Fish Live Aa Cakes Biscuits And Fruit Played With Cousins Aaa I Ate A Big Piece Of Chocolate Cake Or Chocolate Tart. & Drank A Can Of Orange Juice We Sang For Mom And We Sang For Her The Song Of Me And My Brother Gave Her As A Gift. It Was A Special Day We Were Very Happy. Ok Let's Answer It. Ah He Says. We Will Choose The Correct Answer He Says I Drank A Juice Box. What Juice Was That? And Or Or? Of Course, Here He Said, Then What Do I Choose? Then He Says, Does The Whole Family Come To Celebrate? Who Birthday Is It ? In The Beginning, He Said So All The Family Came To Celebrate What Birthday? It Stays. Ok. He Says And These Are The Written Questions In Which I Need To Know How To Make The Sentence? And How Do I Answer The Question? He Says What Was This Special Day For? It Remains, Indeed. Getting Started. And Then I Say And Then I Say What Was It? Cuz He Up Here He Told Me It Remains, Indeed. Getting Started. He Says. The Writer Or The One Who Tells Us The Story, He Sang To His Mother, Of Course, Here He Said, "Aaa, I Will Say, I Will Start With It, Okay?" Here In The Question, I Made The Action That Implies It Will Not Be A Bank, Because It Cannot Be Two Actions After Each Other. Aa, But When I Answer, I Will Return The Action To The Original. She In The Question Remains If The Action In The Answer Is In. From Her, So I Said. Then, Of Course, Here It Will Remain, Because I Add The Sentence With It, And Then I Will Put Because It Contains The Sentence, It Will Remain Hers, And I Will Put It, And Then It Will Remain, And Then We Will Complete The Sentence And Put Like This, We Are Done With Some Solutions To Contemporary Questions. We Will Solve Now With Some Questions. Now We Solve The Questions Of A Book By Saying. I Mean Read And Choose The Correct Answer From. He Tells Me To Dot. I Want To Say All My Family Came Together To Celebrate. I Will Say Or Not, Of Course, As Long As There Is A Conscience, I Will Choose, I Will Choose. I Want To Say, We Had Ah Picnic, Ah Huge Or Big Cell, Means A Big Trip, It Will Be My Past. I Want To Tell My Grandmother To Say, I Mean, I Ate A Slice Of Chocolate Cake Or A Chocolate Tart, Then She Loved It Here, As We Agreed, I Will Come After Her, Then She Loved To See The Whole Family. And Here I Said Because I Have No Conscience. If It Was In It, I Would Say. All ? Then Because He Comes After Her, He Will Remain After Her. I Say We All Had A Good Time Or We Enjoyed The Time. So I Want To Say That He Drank, Then I Threw The Ball. I Mean I Threw The Ball. So Proud Of You. Aa The Question After That He Says Read And Arrange. In Order To Arrange The Sentence, The Word Is Written Under It A Letter Or Write It In A Letter Or Write In A Different Color. I Start, Then I See The Action, Then I See Continuation. He Tells Me Ramadan I Want To Say That We Use Lanterns In Ramadan. Ramadan Is Around. So We Use Lanterns In Ramadan. I Want To Say That My Birthday Is A Special Day. Then I Will Say That My Birthday Is A Special Day It Remains Ramadan. We Will Fill In The Spaces. The First One To Say So I Mean, What Did I Play With My Cousins? So I Played Games With My Cousins. I Want To Say That My Grandmother Was Ninety Years Old. It Remains Okey. Ok. I Want To Say That A Tree Always Remains Its Color, That Means A Tree Always Remains Green. He Brought Me A Picture And He Wanted Me To Put A Sentence On It, And This Is Another Type Of What He Has For Me. He Brings Me Four Pictures And Asks Me To Make A Sentence For Each Picture. Here He Brought Me A Writer To Tell Me That The Grandmother Here Is Ninety Years Old Seventy Years Old Like What Medini Is In The Picture. So My Grandmother Is Seventy Years Old. Of Course, I Start To Start With It, And In The End I Put To Get The Degree. Ok Here I Can Say That This Is My Birthday Cake. So This Is My Birthday Cake. In The Beginning And In The End I Put Because Of The Signs Of AA, I Took The Grade. Okay, Let's Take Care Of The Delivery Questions, Because The Mistakes Will Be Doubled. We Sang The Christmas Song, Stay With It. I Mean I Played With My Cousins. What Is Left With It? It's A Treat To See Aa The Whole Family Is Ant With Her Di. And As We Know, If It Comes After It, It Means It Comes After That, Then It Becomes A Number After It, So We Decorated The Tree With Colorful Balls, It Becomes A Number Taken With It, Of Course, Aaa, For The Sake Of The Correct Sentence Or The Wrong Sentence. The Piece Says Two Years Ago We Had A Special Party. Aaaw My Great Grandma Great Grandma She Was Ninety. My Whole Family Came To Celebrate. All My Cousins And Uncle. Aww All My Aunties And Aunties. All My Uncles And Aunties. G. M. It Was A Big Trip Or A Big Picnic In The Garden Of My Aunt Or Aunt. There Was A Lot Of Food Fish Meat Salad. Life Is Cake, Biscuits And Fruit. I Ate A Big Piece Of Chocolate Cake Or Chocolate Tart. Ahhh And Drank A Bottle Of Aa Or A Can Of Orange Juice. I Also Ate Some Salads And Fruits. Oh, He Says Yes, This Is Because He Told Me Here And If He Told Me To Stay Here, You Will Stay. He Tells Me No, He Told Me That There Was Not Enough Food, No, This Was A Lot Of Food, So I Tell Him, A Number, He Tells Me Here In The Piece, He Told Me, It Is Not And We Should Care About It, What It Is Because We Do Not Care About It, Because Of Course, The Six, The Nine Upside Down Means The Opposite In In Writing, Because We Don't Care About It, So Stay Focused With Me, So You Don't Laugh At Me. Of Course Because She Is Not. Okay, It Will Be, And Then A Question, I Will Put A Question Mark At The End, And In The End, I Will Put The Question Mark. Okay, Now We Are Done With Solving The Questions Of The Book. Now We Will Solve The Questions Of The Book Of Al-Baher. The First Thing We Start And What Teaches Me Is That I Hear And Through Hearing Cat The Meaning Or Guess The Meaning. Of Course, The Pieces Are Repeated, Meaning The Same Pieces In The Question Book, But Hers Will Be Different. Ahhh But It's Some Kind Of Coaching I Mean. Let's Listen To This Song. He Is Enough To Get You A Piece Of The Big Piece. He Brought You Two Lines Like This. He Tells You That We Used To Have A Trip In The Garden Of My Aunt. There Was A Lot Of Food, And He Tells You What Is This Food Like? And Let's Take Care Of The One Who Puts The Two Points. There Was Salad, Then Meat, Fish, Bread, Cakes, Aa Fruit Biscuits. I Ate Ah Big Slice Of Chocolate Cake Or Chocolate. And I Drank A Can Of Juice Or A Bottle Of Orange Juice. I Also Ate Salad And Fruit. Oh, Of Course, We Heard And Translated. So It Is Supposed That I Will Post And Say. Of Course, This Is Because He Told Me That He Is. The Second One Says . Here He Told Me A Big Piece Not A Small Piece. Here He Tells Me, So Of Course I Will Choose. Aa, He Says Of Course This Because He Is Here, He Said That Aa Aa, He Is Eating, So Of Course He Is. He Said That He Or Both Have The Same Meaning, So It Will Remain. Ok. Answer The Following Questions One Of The Signs Of All The Exercises That You Will Get This Term. He Teaches Me That I Choose The Second Definition Of The Verb With Excellence In Noble Actions. It Stays. I Don't Want To Say The Great Grandmother Who Is My Grandmother's Mother. Then I Will Choose To Say That We Had A Huge Trip, Then As We See Every Motivated And All Brought It From The Piece, Because When We Say English Memorization And Application, Then We Say The Truth. The Lesson That Is Given To You, You Know Its Motivation, You Know Its Meaning, You Know The Prepositions That Come, You See Your Rule Applies To Solving The Questions, Nothing More Than That. Then He Wants To Say That We Sang For The Great Grandmother, Then Of Course, Then He Will Come After That, Then He Will Say, We All Had Fun And We All Had A Good Time, Then He Says, He Will Stay, So I Drank A Bottle Of Orange Juice Or A Glass Of Orange Juice. So It Will Remain, I Mean I Ate A Big Slice Of Chocolate Cake. So, As We Agreed, We Say On The Pizza, We Say All This On It. Ahhh We Usually Say But Because You Are Here Saying On The Cake, So I Said If Only I Said So People Decorate The Christmas Tree In The Christmas Tree. Why Didn't You Put It Here? Cause I Said Sum This Means I Remove It And Replace It. So In Acting With A Costume, The Action Is Without Additions As If It Is Exactly In The Source. All ? If He Said, But You Would Have Said And Put S, Which Is The Rule Of The First Term. Go Back To The Videos And See The Base And Review It. All ? It Stays. Read And Complete The Text With Words From The Square. So Everyone Means Happy And Joyful. I Mean Enjoyable . Special Means. Of Course. It Was A Special Day And A Special Day. Who Is Our Great Grandmother. Or My Grandma's Mom Was So Hilarious. It Stays. I Mean Oh She Had A Desire To See The Whole Family. And He Says, We All Had A Good Time And We Were Happy With The Time We Spent, It Was A Good Time. Ok. The Same Repetitive Piece About Him Is Not Smart, But The Questions Remain Different. I Mean From 2 Years Ago. As Long As I See It, It's A Sign Of Signs, All The Discharge Of Actions That Come To Me Will Be In The Past. The Past Is What Remains. Ah Such A Special Party. I Mean My Great Grandma Was Ninety Years Old. Of Course She Stayed Because All My Family Came To Celebrate. All My Cousins And Uncles Aunts And Aunts. My Uncles And Aunties We Have A Very Big Trip. Huge Ride In The Garden Of My Aunties. Food Had A Lot Of Salad. Water, Meat, Bread, Cakes, Biscuits, Salad, I Ate A Big Slice Of Chocolate Cake, Drank In A Bottle Of Orange Juice, I Also Ate Salad And Fruit, I Chose The Correct Answer, Of Course, Is My Guide Here, I Am In The Exam, And I Say, "I Took It Like This In Class, So I Don't Go Back To The Piece." You Can Find Him Who Did It For You, He Did It For You And He Who Owes You In The Piece, Walk On It. Can He Also Work In Turban Who Has The Number Written In Diamond. Aa And Write To Me, Then Write To Me. So You Know That In Math This Means In English. And The Difference Between. Ok. Of Course All My Aunts And Aunties Gm Ah Birthday Party. Ok, These Fried Questions Show Me If You Have A Skill, And I'll See How You Can Answer The Question. You Uh, What Did You Enjoy? Or What Did You Take In The Garden Of Your Aunt. I Will Start And Then Say What? From The Piece . I Will Write The Line As It Is. And How Should I Respond? Already Starting What It Is. Here In The Question In Vacant Lan Yegi After Which A Source. When I Answer The Answer, I Will Reply To Its Origin, So I Am Done Partying, Then It Will Remain In The Past In The Post. And Then The Thing I Took, I Brought It From The Piece That Is And Continue. Ok Then The Question After That He Will Tell Me Why I Left It For Me. When I Come To Answer, I Will Say, Because You Return It To Me Again. The Second Definition Of When I Answer. Why Should I Say? He Said To Me That He Is. So That They May Celebrate. So, In Order To Celebrate, They Celebrate, Who Else? Ahh My Great Grandma First Birthday Party. Okay, Let's Be Careful So We Don't Make Mistakes. There Was A Fraction Of A Fraction Of Food At The Party. Staying With Her . I Mean, Why Did They Play With Each Other? What Is Left With It? He Comes After That, He Comes After That, Then He Stays With Him, This Is A Number Eaten After The Salad And Fruits, Then He Remains With Her. If You Try This Way To Make One Of The Countries Wrong, You Will Find That You Make A Mistake In Another Sentence, So The Mistake Will Be Doubled, So Be Careful. We Will Arrange The Words To Make A Useful Sentence. I Want To Say That We All Had A Good Time. Then I Will Start Doing What He Has Put A Line Under It. The Action That It Is Means We All Had A Good Time. Then I Am The Verb. Here I Am Eating Some Salads And Fruit. I Want To Say That It Was A Special Day. I Will Start With What He Put Me Under The Line Of What Is The Action. After That, I Will Really Bring What Remains, And Then He Will Be Distinguished. Then We Put Punctuation Mark. You Will Remain A Capital. After We Will Work, Then We Will Put The Ace One. And We Put In The End, It Remains That I Put Here The Property Here, I Started It And I Put It, And In The End I Put It. That's It, We're Done With Each Other, Explaining And Solving Exercises Or Studying In. Aaa, God Willing, We Will Take A Test On The Next Class. And We Will Enter Together To Explain The Story. Follow Me On Manaraat Al-Alam Channel And Manaraat El-Alam Page. We Will Explain The Entire English Curriculum For The Fourth Grade Of Primary School. We Will Solve Some Questions From All Foreign Books On Each Lesson As You Can See. And We Will Solve With Some Aaa Tests And Reviews. And We Will Explain On The Channel The Method Of Islamic Religion. And The IT Curriculum Is Arabic And Languages. Vocational Skills Curriculum, Social Studies Curriculum And Islamic Religion Curriculum. We Will Solve Some Of The Questions Of The Knowledge Bank In All Subjects, God Willing, Work On The Video, Invite Your Friends To Subscribe To The Channel, Work Under The Video, And Turn On The Bell, So That You Will Get All What We Offer, Any Suggestions, Any Incomprehensible Things, Anything We Want To Solve Together Tully, Oh, My God. Either Below The Video, Either On The Messages Of The Manaraat Al-Alam Page Or On The Manaraat El-Alam Group For The Fourth Grade Of Primary School. Thank You For Your Good Listening. If You Were With The Manara Al-Alam Eh. And Beck Is Filthy at online marketplaces:
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7ERIC EJ1148053: The Same But Different: Making Meaning From Modified Texts With Cross-Cultural Themes
By ERIC
Reader response theory provides the framework for the present study that explored literary elements and cultural responses of fifth-grade students to two modified versions of a cross-cultural text, "Homesick: My Own Story" by Jean Fritz. One group of students read the first chapter of the book and another group read a modified basal reader version that had deleted cultural information. Group discussions of the texts were videotaped and transcribed. Through constant comparative analysis of field notes and transcripts, two themes emerged: (a) personal interest and connections to stories and (b) cultural implications and misinterpretations.
“ERIC EJ1148053: The Same But Different: Making Meaning From Modified Texts With Cross-Cultural Themes” Metadata:
- Title: ➤ ERIC EJ1148053: The Same But Different: Making Meaning From Modified Texts With Cross-Cultural Themes
- Author: ERIC
- Language: English
“ERIC EJ1148053: The Same But Different: Making Meaning From Modified Texts With Cross-Cultural Themes” Subjects and Themes:
- Subjects: ➤ ERIC Archive - Reader Response - Cultural Influences - Grade 5 - Group Discussion - Video Technology - Comparative Analysis - Misconceptions - Student Interests - Reading Materials - English Language Learners - White Students - Qualitative Research - Leung, Cynthia B.|Bennett, Susan V.|Gunn, AnnMarie Alberton
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- Internet Archive ID: ERIC_EJ1148053
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8#dammit I'm #mad #spells The Same #backwards But Sounds Different Backwards. To Me That's #fail -etKAuMlvPqh
By Kenneth Udut
#dammit I'm #mad #spells the same #backwards but sounds different backwards. To me that's #fail -etKAuMlvPqh
“#dammit I'm #mad #spells The Same #backwards But Sounds Different Backwards. To Me That's #fail -etKAuMlvPqh” Metadata:
- Title: ➤ #dammit I'm #mad #spells The Same #backwards But Sounds Different Backwards. To Me That's #fail -etKAuMlvPqh
- Author: Kenneth Udut
“#dammit I'm #mad #spells The Same #backwards But Sounds Different Backwards. To Me That's #fail -etKAuMlvPqh” Subjects and Themes:
- Subjects: ➤ worsen - disappoint - decline - dammit - Vine - KennethUdut - mad - spells - backwards - fail
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- Internet Archive ID: ➤ DammitIMMadSpellsTheSameBackwardsButSoundsDifferentBackwardsToMeThatSFailEtkaum
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9#namethattune #quiz Same Answer As The Other - But Different Generations.
By Kenneth Udut
#namethattune #quiz Same answer as the other - but different generations.-M5mlJvYwHnD.mp4
“#namethattune #quiz Same Answer As The Other - But Different Generations.” Metadata:
- Title: ➤ #namethattune #quiz Same Answer As The Other - But Different Generations.
- Author: Kenneth Udut
“#namethattune #quiz Same Answer As The Other - But Different Generations.” Subjects and Themes:
- Subjects: namethattune - Vine - KennethUdut
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- Internet Archive ID: ➤ NamethattuneQuizSameAnswerAsTheOther-ButDifferentGenerations-M5mljvywhnd
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10#Howto Be #sparkly And #annoying At The Same Time Hoping For #loop Same Darn Tune But Different Speed + Instrument. Gives Different Effect
By Kenneth Udut
#Howto be #sparkly and #annoying at the same time hoping for #loop same darn tune but different speed + instrument. Gives different effect-MD3r9dBAMAb.mp4
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- Title: ➤ #Howto Be #sparkly And #annoying At The Same Time Hoping For #loop Same Darn Tune But Different Speed + Instrument. Gives Different Effect
- Author: Kenneth Udut
“#Howto Be #sparkly And #annoying At The Same Time Hoping For #loop Same Darn Tune But Different Speed + Instrument. Gives Different Effect” Subjects and Themes:
- Subjects: Vine - KennethUdut
Edition Identifiers:
- Internet Archive ID: ➤ HowtoBeSparklyAndAnnoyingAtTheSameTimeHopingForLoopSameDarnTuneButDifferentSpee
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11Same Violence, But Different Responses? How The Public Perceives Violent Extremism Committed By Far-right Vs. Islamist Lone-actors
By Emilie Farø
Do citizens respond differently to violent extremism depending on the ideological motivation of the perpetrator? Research findings suggest that citizens tend to perceive far-right violence less as terrorism than Islamist violence, while also supporting milder treatments of far-right perpetrators compared to Islamist perpetrators. Yet, besides the limited efforts to examine this issue, even fewer studies have examined it outside of an American context, focusing on public perceptions of violent extremism committed by lone-actors. Using survey experimental methods on a 1500 respondents national representative sample in Denmark, this study explores whether and how members of the public hold different perceptions of far-right versus Islamist extremist lone-actors guilty of the same violent attack. Specifically, I measure 1) the extent to which citizens politicize an attack; 2) what type of government action citizens support in response to an attack; and 3) what type of legal punishment they support in response to an attack depending on the type of lone-actor. The findings have implications for both scholars and practitioners in better understanding the public’s responses – and potential biases – towards the present security threat posed by far-right and Islamist extremist lone-actors.
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- Title: ➤ Same Violence, But Different Responses? How The Public Perceives Violent Extremism Committed By Far-right Vs. Islamist Lone-actors
- Author: Emilie Farø
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12ERIC ED630675: Essential Glossary For Increasing Postsecondary Student Success: Administrators, Faculty, Staff, And Policymakers. Third Edition Language Is Not Static. It Flows Like A River In Response To The Riverbank And The Rocks That Border And Run Beneath It. In The Same Way, Glossaries Are Dynamic Expressions Of Current Language Usage. Developmental Education And Learning Assistance Have Changed Dramatically In Recent Years, And So Must Also The Language Used To Describe And Define Them. This Glossary Is Useful For The Wide Field Of Educators Involved With Promoting Student Success. It Provides Precise Language And Definitions To Use When Communicating With Peers And More Effectively Influencing Administrators, Legislators, And The Media. Some Of These Glossary Terms Are Emerging With Frequent Use While Others Are Declining. This Is Why This Glossary Is Not Static And Future Editions Will Continue To Reflect The Changes In Language. Based On Advice From Some Of The Reviewers To Make This Glossary More Accessible To Readers, I Reorganized It Into Different Topical Categories Rather Than A Traditional Alphabetical Order. I Hope This Format Will Not Only Make It Easier To Locate A Particular Glossary Term, But Also Discover Related Terms In The Same Category. The Nine Glossary Categories Are: (1) Teaching And Learning Process; (2) Antiracism And Racism; (3) Assessment; (4) Copyright And Academic Integrity; (5) Pedagogies For Teaching And Learning; (6) Program Management; (7) Student-to-student Learning; (8) Transitional Courses And Programs; And (9) Less Acceptable Glossary Terms. This Third Edition Of The Glossary Of Developmental Education And Learning Assistance Terms Has Dramatically Changed Since The Last Edition 14 Years Ago. For That Reason, The Name Of This Glossary Has Changed And Reflects Its Use In The Wider Education Community. These Terms Could Be Useful For Educators Working In Learning Assistance, Learning Centers, Developmental-level Courses, First-year Experience Courses And Programs, Orientation Courses And Programs, Federally-funded TRIO And Other Equity Programs, And Instructors Teaching First-year And Subsequent Courses In The General Course Curriculum. In Recognition Of The Expanded Scope Of This Glossary And Broader Utility For Other Members Involved With Postsecondary Education, The Glossary Title Has Become More Inclusive, "Essential Glossary For Increasing Postsecondary Student Success: Administrators, Faculty, Staff, And Policymakers." [This Paper Was Prepared For The College Reading And Learning Association.]
By ERIC
Language is not static. It flows like a river in response to the riverbank and the rocks that border and run beneath it. In the same way, glossaries are dynamic expressions of current language usage. Developmental education and learning assistance have changed dramatically in recent years, and so must also the language used to describe and define them. This glossary is useful for the wide field of educators involved with promoting student success. It provides precise language and definitions to use when communicating with peers and more effectively influencing administrators, legislators, and the media. Some of these glossary terms are emerging with frequent use while others are declining. This is why this glossary is not static and future editions will continue to reflect the changes in language. Based on advice from some of the reviewers to make this glossary more accessible to readers, I reorganized it into different topical categories rather than a traditional alphabetical order. I hope this format will not only make it easier to locate a particular glossary term, but also discover related terms in the same category. The nine glossary categories are: (1) teaching and learning process; (2) antiracism and racism; (3) assessment; (4) copyright and academic integrity; (5) pedagogies for teaching and learning; (6) program management; (7) student-to-student learning; (8) transitional courses and programs; and (9) less acceptable glossary terms. This third edition of the glossary of developmental education and learning assistance terms has dramatically changed since the last edition 14 years ago. For that reason, the name of this glossary has changed and reflects its use in the wider education community. These terms could be useful for educators working in learning assistance, learning centers, developmental-level courses, first-year experience courses and programs, orientation courses and programs, federally-funded TRIO and other equity programs, and instructors teaching first-year and subsequent courses in the general course curriculum. In recognition of the expanded scope of this glossary and broader utility for other members involved with postsecondary education, the glossary title has become more inclusive, "Essential Glossary for Increasing Postsecondary Student Success: Administrators, Faculty, Staff, and Policymakers." [This paper was prepared for the College Reading and Learning Association.]
“ERIC ED630675: Essential Glossary For Increasing Postsecondary Student Success: Administrators, Faculty, Staff, And Policymakers. Third Edition Language Is Not Static. It Flows Like A River In Response To The Riverbank And The Rocks That Border And Run Beneath It. In The Same Way, Glossaries Are Dynamic Expressions Of Current Language Usage. Developmental Education And Learning Assistance Have Changed Dramatically In Recent Years, And So Must Also The Language Used To Describe And Define Them. This Glossary Is Useful For The Wide Field Of Educators Involved With Promoting Student Success. It Provides Precise Language And Definitions To Use When Communicating With Peers And More Effectively Influencing Administrators, Legislators, And The Media. Some Of These Glossary Terms Are Emerging With Frequent Use While Others Are Declining. This Is Why This Glossary Is Not Static And Future Editions Will Continue To Reflect The Changes In Language. Based On Advice From Some Of The Reviewers To Make This Glossary More Accessible To Readers, I Reorganized It Into Different Topical Categories Rather Than A Traditional Alphabetical Order. I Hope This Format Will Not Only Make It Easier To Locate A Particular Glossary Term, But Also Discover Related Terms In The Same Category. The Nine Glossary Categories Are: (1) Teaching And Learning Process; (2) Antiracism And Racism; (3) Assessment; (4) Copyright And Academic Integrity; (5) Pedagogies For Teaching And Learning; (6) Program Management; (7) Student-to-student Learning; (8) Transitional Courses And Programs; And (9) Less Acceptable Glossary Terms. This Third Edition Of The Glossary Of Developmental Education And Learning Assistance Terms Has Dramatically Changed Since The Last Edition 14 Years Ago. For That Reason, The Name Of This Glossary Has Changed And Reflects Its Use In The Wider Education Community. These Terms Could Be Useful For Educators Working In Learning Assistance, Learning Centers, Developmental-level Courses, First-year Experience Courses And Programs, Orientation Courses And Programs, Federally-funded TRIO And Other Equity Programs, And Instructors Teaching First-year And Subsequent Courses In The General Course Curriculum. In Recognition Of The Expanded Scope Of This Glossary And Broader Utility For Other Members Involved With Postsecondary Education, The Glossary Title Has Become More Inclusive, "Essential Glossary For Increasing Postsecondary Student Success: Administrators, Faculty, Staff, And Policymakers." [This Paper Was Prepared For The College Reading And Learning Association.]” Metadata:
- Title: ➤ ERIC ED630675: Essential Glossary For Increasing Postsecondary Student Success: Administrators, Faculty, Staff, And Policymakers. Third Edition Language Is Not Static. It Flows Like A River In Response To The Riverbank And The Rocks That Border And Run Beneath It. In The Same Way, Glossaries Are Dynamic Expressions Of Current Language Usage. Developmental Education And Learning Assistance Have Changed Dramatically In Recent Years, And So Must Also The Language Used To Describe And Define Them. This Glossary Is Useful For The Wide Field Of Educators Involved With Promoting Student Success. It Provides Precise Language And Definitions To Use When Communicating With Peers And More Effectively Influencing Administrators, Legislators, And The Media. Some Of These Glossary Terms Are Emerging With Frequent Use While Others Are Declining. This Is Why This Glossary Is Not Static And Future Editions Will Continue To Reflect The Changes In Language. Based On Advice From Some Of The Reviewers To Make This Glossary More Accessible To Readers, I Reorganized It Into Different Topical Categories Rather Than A Traditional Alphabetical Order. I Hope This Format Will Not Only Make It Easier To Locate A Particular Glossary Term, But Also Discover Related Terms In The Same Category. The Nine Glossary Categories Are: (1) Teaching And Learning Process; (2) Antiracism And Racism; (3) Assessment; (4) Copyright And Academic Integrity; (5) Pedagogies For Teaching And Learning; (6) Program Management; (7) Student-to-student Learning; (8) Transitional Courses And Programs; And (9) Less Acceptable Glossary Terms. This Third Edition Of The Glossary Of Developmental Education And Learning Assistance Terms Has Dramatically Changed Since The Last Edition 14 Years Ago. For That Reason, The Name Of This Glossary Has Changed And Reflects Its Use In The Wider Education Community. These Terms Could Be Useful For Educators Working In Learning Assistance, Learning Centers, Developmental-level Courses, First-year Experience Courses And Programs, Orientation Courses And Programs, Federally-funded TRIO And Other Equity Programs, And Instructors Teaching First-year And Subsequent Courses In The General Course Curriculum. In Recognition Of The Expanded Scope Of This Glossary And Broader Utility For Other Members Involved With Postsecondary Education, The Glossary Title Has Become More Inclusive, "Essential Glossary For Increasing Postsecondary Student Success: Administrators, Faculty, Staff, And Policymakers." [This Paper Was Prepared For The College Reading And Learning Association.]
- Author: ERIC
- Language: English
“ERIC ED630675: Essential Glossary For Increasing Postsecondary Student Success: Administrators, Faculty, Staff, And Policymakers. Third Edition Language Is Not Static. It Flows Like A River In Response To The Riverbank And The Rocks That Border And Run Beneath It. In The Same Way, Glossaries Are Dynamic Expressions Of Current Language Usage. Developmental Education And Learning Assistance Have Changed Dramatically In Recent Years, And So Must Also The Language Used To Describe And Define Them. This Glossary Is Useful For The Wide Field Of Educators Involved With Promoting Student Success. It Provides Precise Language And Definitions To Use When Communicating With Peers And More Effectively Influencing Administrators, Legislators, And The Media. Some Of These Glossary Terms Are Emerging With Frequent Use While Others Are Declining. This Is Why This Glossary Is Not Static And Future Editions Will Continue To Reflect The Changes In Language. Based On Advice From Some Of The Reviewers To Make This Glossary More Accessible To Readers, I Reorganized It Into Different Topical Categories Rather Than A Traditional Alphabetical Order. I Hope This Format Will Not Only Make It Easier To Locate A Particular Glossary Term, But Also Discover Related Terms In The Same Category. The Nine Glossary Categories Are: (1) Teaching And Learning Process; (2) Antiracism And Racism; (3) Assessment; (4) Copyright And Academic Integrity; (5) Pedagogies For Teaching And Learning; (6) Program Management; (7) Student-to-student Learning; (8) Transitional Courses And Programs; And (9) Less Acceptable Glossary Terms. This Third Edition Of The Glossary Of Developmental Education And Learning Assistance Terms Has Dramatically Changed Since The Last Edition 14 Years Ago. For That Reason, The Name Of This Glossary Has Changed And Reflects Its Use In The Wider Education Community. These Terms Could Be Useful For Educators Working In Learning Assistance, Learning Centers, Developmental-level Courses, First-year Experience Courses And Programs, Orientation Courses And Programs, Federally-funded TRIO And Other Equity Programs, And Instructors Teaching First-year And Subsequent Courses In The General Course Curriculum. In Recognition Of The Expanded Scope Of This Glossary And Broader Utility For Other Members Involved With Postsecondary Education, The Glossary Title Has Become More Inclusive, "Essential Glossary For Increasing Postsecondary Student Success: Administrators, Faculty, Staff, And Policymakers." [This Paper Was Prepared For The College Reading And Learning Association.]” Subjects and Themes:
- Subjects: ➤ ERIC Archive - ERIC - Arendale, David R., Ed. College Students - Success - Language Usage - Definitions - Academic Achievement - Communication Strategies
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Find ERIC ED630675: Essential Glossary For Increasing Postsecondary Student Success: Administrators, Faculty, Staff, And Policymakers. Third Edition Language Is Not Static. It Flows Like A River In Response To The Riverbank And The Rocks That Border And Run Beneath It. In The Same Way, Glossaries Are Dynamic Expressions Of Current Language Usage. Developmental Education And Learning Assistance Have Changed Dramatically In Recent Years, And So Must Also The Language Used To Describe And Define Them. This Glossary Is Useful For The Wide Field Of Educators Involved With Promoting Student Success. It Provides Precise Language And Definitions To Use When Communicating With Peers And More Effectively Influencing Administrators, Legislators, And The Media. Some Of These Glossary Terms Are Emerging With Frequent Use While Others Are Declining. This Is Why This Glossary Is Not Static And Future Editions Will Continue To Reflect The Changes In Language. Based On Advice From Some Of The Reviewers To Make This Glossary More Accessible To Readers, I Reorganized It Into Different Topical Categories Rather Than A Traditional Alphabetical Order. I Hope This Format Will Not Only Make It Easier To Locate A Particular Glossary Term, But Also Discover Related Terms In The Same Category. The Nine Glossary Categories Are: (1) Teaching And Learning Process; (2) Antiracism And Racism; (3) Assessment; (4) Copyright And Academic Integrity; (5) Pedagogies For Teaching And Learning; (6) Program Management; (7) Student-to-student Learning; (8) Transitional Courses And Programs; And (9) Less Acceptable Glossary Terms. This Third Edition Of The Glossary Of Developmental Education And Learning Assistance Terms Has Dramatically Changed Since The Last Edition 14 Years Ago. For That Reason, The Name Of This Glossary Has Changed And Reflects Its Use In The Wider Education Community. These Terms Could Be Useful For Educators Working In Learning Assistance, Learning Centers, Developmental-level Courses, First-year Experience Courses And Programs, Orientation Courses And Programs, Federally-funded TRIO And Other Equity Programs, And Instructors Teaching First-year And Subsequent Courses In The General Course Curriculum. In Recognition Of The Expanded Scope Of This Glossary And Broader Utility For Other Members Involved With Postsecondary Education, The Glossary Title Has Become More Inclusive, "Essential Glossary For Increasing Postsecondary Student Success: Administrators, Faculty, Staff, And Policymakers." [This Paper Was Prepared For The College Reading And Learning Association.] at online marketplaces:
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13Anon - More Of The Same... But Significantly Different
Anon - More of the Same... But Significantly Different Jamendo Album #068166 Tracklisting: 01 - The One at the Beginning 02 - Television 03 - Human Zoo 04 - Documents 05 - The Cool Brigade 06 - PC World 07 - Bombs V2 08 - Half Time Oranges 09 - Traffic 10 - Fences 11 - Descent 12 - A Broken Man 13 - 23rd Century Blues 14 - More of the Same 15 - But Significantly Different Please read the Readme.txt and License.txt files for important origin and licensing information.
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14Different But The Same
By Perzonal War
Tracklist: 1. Time of Lies 2. Bleeding 3. Born 4. The Progress 5. Open My World 6. The Urge for More 7. Blinder 8. Dragon's Mouth 9. What Is God 10. Our Century 11. Ending Dreams
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- Author: Perzonal War
- Language: English
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15I Don't Recommend #huffing. BUT This Is Different - #NitrousOxide Or #LaughingGas IS Safe - It's The Exact Same Gas At #dentist Offices. -OhHWlmO3am9.mp4 I Dont Recommend Huffing BUT This Is Different NitrousOxide Or LaughingGas IS Safe Its The Exact Same Gas At Dentist Offices OhHWlmO3am9 Mp4 Huffing NitrousOxide LaughingGas Dentist
By Kenneth Udut
I don't recommend #huffing. BUT this is different - #NitrousOxide or #LaughingGas IS safe - it's the exact same gas at #dentist offices. -OhHWlmO3am9.mp4 I dont recommend huffing BUT this is different NitrousOxide or LaughingGas IS safe its the exact same gas at dentist offices OhHWlmO3am9 mp4 huffing NitrousOxide LaughingGas dentist
“I Don't Recommend #huffing. BUT This Is Different - #NitrousOxide Or #LaughingGas IS Safe - It's The Exact Same Gas At #dentist Offices. -OhHWlmO3am9.mp4 I Dont Recommend Huffing BUT This Is Different NitrousOxide Or LaughingGas IS Safe Its The Exact Same Gas At Dentist Offices OhHWlmO3am9 Mp4 Huffing NitrousOxide LaughingGas Dentist” Metadata:
- Title: ➤ I Don't Recommend #huffing. BUT This Is Different - #NitrousOxide Or #LaughingGas IS Safe - It's The Exact Same Gas At #dentist Offices. -OhHWlmO3am9.mp4 I Dont Recommend Huffing BUT This Is Different NitrousOxide Or LaughingGas IS Safe Its The Exact Same Gas At Dentist Offices OhHWlmO3am9 Mp4 Huffing NitrousOxide LaughingGas Dentist
- Author: Kenneth Udut
“I Don't Recommend #huffing. BUT This Is Different - #NitrousOxide Or #LaughingGas IS Safe - It's The Exact Same Gas At #dentist Offices. -OhHWlmO3am9.mp4 I Dont Recommend Huffing BUT This Is Different NitrousOxide Or LaughingGas IS Safe Its The Exact Same Gas At Dentist Offices OhHWlmO3am9 Mp4 Huffing NitrousOxide LaughingGas Dentist” Subjects and Themes:
- Subjects: ➤ medical practitioner - expiration - exhalation - breathing out - huffing - NitrousOxide - LaughingGas - dentist - Vine - KennethUdut
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16The Same But Different
By soft and furious
"Heavily inspired by my old S&F albums." credits PIcture is a remix of the John K Thorne "Mermaid at Folkestone Sunny Sands Beach", on Flickr under public domain licence.
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- Author: soft and furious
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17More Homonyms : Steak And Stake And Other Words That Sound The Same But Look As Different As Chili And Chilly
By Hanson, Joan
"Heavily inspired by my old S&F albums." credits PIcture is a remix of the John K Thorne "Mermaid at Folkestone Sunny Sands Beach", on Flickr under public domain licence.
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- Author: Hanson, Joan
- Language: English
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18The Staurotypus Turtles And Aves Share The Same Origin Of Sex Chromosomes But Evolved Different Types Of Heterogametic Sex Determination.
By Kawagoshi, Taiki, Uno, Yoshinobu, Nishida, Chizuko and Matsuda, Yoichi
This article is from PLoS ONE , volume 9 . Abstract Reptiles have a wide diversity of sex-determining mechanisms and types of sex chromosomes. Turtles exhibit temperature-dependent sex determination and genotypic sex determination, with male heterogametic (XX/XY) and female heterogametic (ZZ/ZW) sex chromosomes. Identification of sex chromosomes in many turtle species and their comparative genomic analysis are of great significance to understand the evolutionary processes of sex determination and sex chromosome differentiation in Testudines. The Mexican giant musk turtle (Staurotypus triporcatus, Kinosternidae, Testudines) and the giant musk turtle (Staurotypus salvinii) have heteromorphic XY sex chromosomes with a low degree of morphological differentiation; however, their origin and linkage group are still unknown. Cross-species chromosome painting with chromosome-specific DNA from Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis) revealed that the X and Y chromosomes of S. triporcatus have homology with P. sinensis chromosome 6, which corresponds to the chicken Z chromosome. We cloned cDNA fragments of S. triporcatus homologs of 16 chicken Z-linked genes and mapped them to S. triporcatus and S. salvinii chromosomes using fluorescence in situ hybridization. Sixteen genes were localized to the X and Y long arms in the same order in both species. The orders were also almost the same as those of the ostrich (Struthio camelus) Z chromosome, which retains the primitive state of the avian ancestral Z chromosome. These results strongly suggest that the X and Y chromosomes of Staurotypus turtles are at a very early stage of sex chromosome differentiation, and that these chromosomes and the avian ZW chromosomes share the same origin. Nonetheless, the turtles and birds acquired different systems of heterogametic sex determination during their evolution.
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- Language: English
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19I Got A Small Circle I M Not With Different Crews We Walk The Same Path But Got On Different Shoes Live In The Same Building But We Got Different Views( JPG)
L
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20ERIC ED594869: State Of Student Aid And Higher Education In Texas, 2019 The State Of Student Aid And Higher Education In Texas (SOSA) Annual Report From Trellis Research Provides Information Helpful In Informing Policy And Programs For Higher Education Student Financial Aid. The Report Serves As A Reference For Colleges, Universities, And Policymakers, And Provides A Comparison Of Texas State And Federal Student Aid Programs. The SOSA Highlights Data On A Variety Of Student Finance Topics, Including Higher Education, Demographic Projections, College Costs, Student Loan Repayment Outcomes, And Higher Education Policy. The Publication Focuses On Texas, But Often Contains Comparisons To The Nation Or Other Large States. Each Section Concentrates On A Different Issue Or Set Of Issues. As A Reference Document, It Is Designed Such That Each Page Stands On Its Own. Each Page Contains A Title Summarizing The Page Or Highlighting A Particular Part Of The Page, A Visual Element, A Brief Writeup, And Information On The Sources Used. It Was Designed So That A Page Could Be Printed And Taken To A Meeting To Ensure That Everyone In The Room Is Literally On The Same Page. [For The 2018 Report, See ED592458.]
By ERIC
The State of Student Aid and Higher Education in Texas (SOSA) annual report from Trellis Research provides information helpful in informing policy and programs for higher education student financial aid. The report serves as a reference for colleges, universities, and policymakers, and provides a comparison of Texas state and federal student aid programs. The SOSA highlights data on a variety of student finance topics, including higher education, demographic projections, college costs, student loan repayment outcomes, and higher education policy. The publication focuses on Texas, but often contains comparisons to the nation or other large states. Each section concentrates on a different issue or set of issues. As a reference document, it is designed such that each page stands on its own. Each page contains a title summarizing the page or highlighting a particular part of the page, a visual element, a brief writeup, and information on the sources used. It was designed so that a page could be printed and taken to a meeting to ensure that everyone in the room is literally on the same page. [For the 2018 report, see ED592458.]
“ERIC ED594869: State Of Student Aid And Higher Education In Texas, 2019 The State Of Student Aid And Higher Education In Texas (SOSA) Annual Report From Trellis Research Provides Information Helpful In Informing Policy And Programs For Higher Education Student Financial Aid. The Report Serves As A Reference For Colleges, Universities, And Policymakers, And Provides A Comparison Of Texas State And Federal Student Aid Programs. The SOSA Highlights Data On A Variety Of Student Finance Topics, Including Higher Education, Demographic Projections, College Costs, Student Loan Repayment Outcomes, And Higher Education Policy. The Publication Focuses On Texas, But Often Contains Comparisons To The Nation Or Other Large States. Each Section Concentrates On A Different Issue Or Set Of Issues. As A Reference Document, It Is Designed Such That Each Page Stands On Its Own. Each Page Contains A Title Summarizing The Page Or Highlighting A Particular Part Of The Page, A Visual Element, A Brief Writeup, And Information On The Sources Used. It Was Designed So That A Page Could Be Printed And Taken To A Meeting To Ensure That Everyone In The Room Is Literally On The Same Page. [For The 2018 Report, See ED592458.]” Metadata:
- Title: ➤ ERIC ED594869: State Of Student Aid And Higher Education In Texas, 2019 The State Of Student Aid And Higher Education In Texas (SOSA) Annual Report From Trellis Research Provides Information Helpful In Informing Policy And Programs For Higher Education Student Financial Aid. The Report Serves As A Reference For Colleges, Universities, And Policymakers, And Provides A Comparison Of Texas State And Federal Student Aid Programs. The SOSA Highlights Data On A Variety Of Student Finance Topics, Including Higher Education, Demographic Projections, College Costs, Student Loan Repayment Outcomes, And Higher Education Policy. The Publication Focuses On Texas, But Often Contains Comparisons To The Nation Or Other Large States. Each Section Concentrates On A Different Issue Or Set Of Issues. As A Reference Document, It Is Designed Such That Each Page Stands On Its Own. Each Page Contains A Title Summarizing The Page Or Highlighting A Particular Part Of The Page, A Visual Element, A Brief Writeup, And Information On The Sources Used. It Was Designed So That A Page Could Be Printed And Taken To A Meeting To Ensure That Everyone In The Room Is Literally On The Same Page. [For The 2018 Report, See ED592458.]
- Author: ERIC
- Language: English
“ERIC ED594869: State Of Student Aid And Higher Education In Texas, 2019 The State Of Student Aid And Higher Education In Texas (SOSA) Annual Report From Trellis Research Provides Information Helpful In Informing Policy And Programs For Higher Education Student Financial Aid. The Report Serves As A Reference For Colleges, Universities, And Policymakers, And Provides A Comparison Of Texas State And Federal Student Aid Programs. The SOSA Highlights Data On A Variety Of Student Finance Topics, Including Higher Education, Demographic Projections, College Costs, Student Loan Repayment Outcomes, And Higher Education Policy. The Publication Focuses On Texas, But Often Contains Comparisons To The Nation Or Other Large States. Each Section Concentrates On A Different Issue Or Set Of Issues. As A Reference Document, It Is Designed Such That Each Page Stands On Its Own. Each Page Contains A Title Summarizing The Page Or Highlighting A Particular Part Of The Page, A Visual Element, A Brief Writeup, And Information On The Sources Used. It Was Designed So That A Page Could Be Printed And Taken To A Meeting To Ensure That Everyone In The Room Is Literally On The Same Page. [For The 2018 Report, See ED592458.]” Subjects and Themes:
- Subjects: ➤ ERIC Archive - ERIC - Fletcher, Carla Klepfer, Kasey - Student Financial Aid - Higher Education - Student Loan Programs - Federal Aid - Grants - Paying for College - Costs - Loan Repayment - Educational Policy - Demography - College Readiness - College Students - Student Characteristics - College Preparation - State Aid - Financial Needs - Educational Attainment - Wellness - Need Analysis (Student Financial Aid) - Evidence Based Practice - Intervention - Loan Default - Debt (Financial) - Public Colleges - Two Year Colleges
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- Internet Archive ID: ERIC_ED594869
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Find ERIC ED594869: State Of Student Aid And Higher Education In Texas, 2019 The State Of Student Aid And Higher Education In Texas (SOSA) Annual Report From Trellis Research Provides Information Helpful In Informing Policy And Programs For Higher Education Student Financial Aid. The Report Serves As A Reference For Colleges, Universities, And Policymakers, And Provides A Comparison Of Texas State And Federal Student Aid Programs. The SOSA Highlights Data On A Variety Of Student Finance Topics, Including Higher Education, Demographic Projections, College Costs, Student Loan Repayment Outcomes, And Higher Education Policy. The Publication Focuses On Texas, But Often Contains Comparisons To The Nation Or Other Large States. Each Section Concentrates On A Different Issue Or Set Of Issues. As A Reference Document, It Is Designed Such That Each Page Stands On Its Own. Each Page Contains A Title Summarizing The Page Or Highlighting A Particular Part Of The Page, A Visual Element, A Brief Writeup, And Information On The Sources Used. It Was Designed So That A Page Could Be Printed And Taken To A Meeting To Ensure That Everyone In The Room Is Literally On The Same Page. [For The 2018 Report, See ED592458.] at online marketplaces:
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21The Same But Different
By Meish Goldish
The State of Student Aid and Higher Education in Texas (SOSA) annual report from Trellis Research provides information helpful in informing policy and programs for higher education student financial aid. The report serves as a reference for colleges, universities, and policymakers, and provides a comparison of Texas state and federal student aid programs. The SOSA highlights data on a variety of student finance topics, including higher education, demographic projections, college costs, student loan repayment outcomes, and higher education policy. The publication focuses on Texas, but often contains comparisons to the nation or other large states. Each section concentrates on a different issue or set of issues. As a reference document, it is designed such that each page stands on its own. Each page contains a title summarizing the page or highlighting a particular part of the page, a visual element, a brief writeup, and information on the sources used. It was designed so that a page could be printed and taken to a meeting to ensure that everyone in the room is literally on the same page. [For the 2018 report, see ED592458.]
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- Title: The Same But Different
- Author: Meish Goldish
- Language: English
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- Internet Archive ID: isbn_9780176037727
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22International Perspectives On Disability Services : The Same But Different
The State of Student Aid and Higher Education in Texas (SOSA) annual report from Trellis Research provides information helpful in informing policy and programs for higher education student financial aid. The report serves as a reference for colleges, universities, and policymakers, and provides a comparison of Texas state and federal student aid programs. The SOSA highlights data on a variety of student finance topics, including higher education, demographic projections, college costs, student loan repayment outcomes, and higher education policy. The publication focuses on Texas, but often contains comparisons to the nation or other large states. Each section concentrates on a different issue or set of issues. As a reference document, it is designed such that each page stands on its own. Each page contains a title summarizing the page or highlighting a particular part of the page, a visual element, a brief writeup, and information on the sources used. It was designed so that a page could be printed and taken to a meeting to ensure that everyone in the room is literally on the same page. [For the 2018 report, see ED592458.]
“International Perspectives On Disability Services : The Same But Different” Metadata:
- Title: ➤ International Perspectives On Disability Services : The Same But Different
- Language: English
“International Perspectives On Disability Services : The Same But Different” Subjects and Themes:
- Subjects: ➤ People with disabilities -- Services for -- Cross-cultural studies - Handicapés, Services aux -- Études transculturelles - SOCIAL SCIENCE -- People with Disabilities - People with disabilities -- Services for
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23Phantom Arcade 🆖 - @porteliscancel They're The Same Hand, But From Different Angles. Sometimes You'll Need Some Slight Wrist Flicks....
By Phantom Arcade 🆖
@porteliscancel they're the same hand, but from different angles. Sometimes you'll need some slight wrist flicks.... https://t.co/AnzuAEe793 Source: https://twitter.com/PhantomArcade3K/status/1536095357255524354 Uploader: Phantom Arcade 🆖
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24Geeky Girls Knit ~ Episode 344 ~ In Which They're The Same, But Different
By C.C. Almon & Dami Almon
Geeky Girls Knit ~ Episode 344 ~ In Which They're the Same, But Different Geeky Girls Knit ~ a Mamma/Daughter video podcast for fans of all things knitting & geeky ~*~ Show Notes and Find out more on our website GeekyGirlsKnit.com Support the Podcast, Become A Patron https://www.patreon.com/geekygirlsknit
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- Author: C.C. Almon & Dami Almon
- Language: English
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25Homonyms; Hair And Hare And Other Words That Sound The Same But Look As Different As Bear And Bare
By Hanson, Joan
Introduces words that sound the same but have different meanings
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- Author: Hanson, Joan
- Language: English
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26DIFFERENT BUT THE SAME
By AIDA BELL
Introduces words that sound the same but have different meanings
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- Author: AIDA BELL
- Language: English
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27British-American Synonyms : French Fries And Chips And Other Words That Mean The Same Thing But Look And Sound As Different As Truck And Lorry
By Hanson, Joan
Introduces words that sound the same but have different meanings
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- Author: Hanson, Joan
- Language: English
“British-American Synonyms : French Fries And Chips And Other Words That Mean The Same Thing But Look And Sound As Different As Truck And Lorry” Subjects and Themes:
- Subjects: ➤ English language -- Synonyms and antonyms -- Juvenile literature - English language -- Synonyms and antonyms
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28#Wheels #pipes #induction #gravity. #Water #electrons #mass. It's All The Same Thing. They Look Different To Us But Act The Same Way. #Woah
By Kenneth Udut
#Wheels #pipes #induction #gravity. #Water #electrons #mass. It's all the same thing. They look different to us but act the same way. #Woah-M2633rUEivj.mp4
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- Author: Kenneth Udut
“#Wheels #pipes #induction #gravity. #Water #electrons #mass. It's All The Same Thing. They Look Different To Us But Act The Same Way. #Woah” Subjects and Themes:
- Subjects: ➤ render - provide - facility - wind - wind instrument - sincerity - input - force - feeling - attraction - activity - Wheels - pipes - induction - gravity - Water - electrons - Woah - Vine - KennethUdut
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29ERIC ED619819: Increasing Educational Productivity Through Improving The Science Curriculum. CPRE Research Reports A Number Of Recent Policies Have Tried To Improve Science Learning By Increasing The Number Of Science Courses Required For High School Graduation Or Admission To Higher Education Institutions. But It Is Highly Unlikely That These Mandates Alone Will Materially Affect The Amount And Quality Of Science Education For Students. Any Effort To Improve The Outcome Of Science Education Must Carefully Consider The Effectiveness Of The Science Curriculum. This Paper Examines Options For Improving The Science Curriculum Based On Research, Best Extant Practices And Experience In Other Countries. Although The Word "curriculum" Has Acquired Many Different Meanings, Both In The Professional Literature And In Lay Usage, This Paper Defines Curriculum As The Intended Substantive And Pedagogic Content Of Science Education To Be Presented To Students In Order To Develop Their Knowledge And Skills. [This Document Is A Reissue Of The July 1988 CPRE Research Report RR-006 Under The Same Title (ED297956).]
By ERIC
A number of recent policies have tried to improve science learning by increasing the number of science courses required for high school graduation or admission to higher education institutions. But it is highly unlikely that these mandates alone will materially affect the amount and quality of science education for students. Any effort to improve the outcome of science education must carefully consider the effectiveness of the science curriculum. This paper examines options for improving the science curriculum based on research, best extant practices and experience in other countries. Although the word "curriculum" has acquired many different meanings, both in the professional literature and in lay usage, this paper defines curriculum as the intended substantive and pedagogic content of science education to be presented to students in order to develop their knowledge and skills. [This document is a reissue of the July 1988 CPRE Research Report RR-006 under the same title (ED297956).]
“ERIC ED619819: Increasing Educational Productivity Through Improving The Science Curriculum. CPRE Research Reports A Number Of Recent Policies Have Tried To Improve Science Learning By Increasing The Number Of Science Courses Required For High School Graduation Or Admission To Higher Education Institutions. But It Is Highly Unlikely That These Mandates Alone Will Materially Affect The Amount And Quality Of Science Education For Students. Any Effort To Improve The Outcome Of Science Education Must Carefully Consider The Effectiveness Of The Science Curriculum. This Paper Examines Options For Improving The Science Curriculum Based On Research, Best Extant Practices And Experience In Other Countries. Although The Word "curriculum" Has Acquired Many Different Meanings, Both In The Professional Literature And In Lay Usage, This Paper Defines Curriculum As The Intended Substantive And Pedagogic Content Of Science Education To Be Presented To Students In Order To Develop Their Knowledge And Skills. [This Document Is A Reissue Of The July 1988 CPRE Research Report RR-006 Under The Same Title (ED297956).]” Metadata:
- Title: ➤ ERIC ED619819: Increasing Educational Productivity Through Improving The Science Curriculum. CPRE Research Reports A Number Of Recent Policies Have Tried To Improve Science Learning By Increasing The Number Of Science Courses Required For High School Graduation Or Admission To Higher Education Institutions. But It Is Highly Unlikely That These Mandates Alone Will Materially Affect The Amount And Quality Of Science Education For Students. Any Effort To Improve The Outcome Of Science Education Must Carefully Consider The Effectiveness Of The Science Curriculum. This Paper Examines Options For Improving The Science Curriculum Based On Research, Best Extant Practices And Experience In Other Countries. Although The Word "curriculum" Has Acquired Many Different Meanings, Both In The Professional Literature And In Lay Usage, This Paper Defines Curriculum As The Intended Substantive And Pedagogic Content Of Science Education To Be Presented To Students In Order To Develop Their Knowledge And Skills. [This Document Is A Reissue Of The July 1988 CPRE Research Report RR-006 Under The Same Title (ED297956).]
- Author: ERIC
- Language: English
“ERIC ED619819: Increasing Educational Productivity Through Improving The Science Curriculum. CPRE Research Reports A Number Of Recent Policies Have Tried To Improve Science Learning By Increasing The Number Of Science Courses Required For High School Graduation Or Admission To Higher Education Institutions. But It Is Highly Unlikely That These Mandates Alone Will Materially Affect The Amount And Quality Of Science Education For Students. Any Effort To Improve The Outcome Of Science Education Must Carefully Consider The Effectiveness Of The Science Curriculum. This Paper Examines Options For Improving The Science Curriculum Based On Research, Best Extant Practices And Experience In Other Countries. Although The Word "curriculum" Has Acquired Many Different Meanings, Both In The Professional Literature And In Lay Usage, This Paper Defines Curriculum As The Intended Substantive And Pedagogic Content Of Science Education To Be Presented To Students In Order To Develop Their Knowledge And Skills. [This Document Is A Reissue Of The July 1988 CPRE Research Report RR-006 Under The Same Title (ED297956).]” Subjects and Themes:
- Subjects: ➤ ERIC Archive - ERIC - Raizen, Senta A. - Science Education - Science Curriculum - Educational Research - Best Practices - Foreign Countries - Productivity - Course Content - Secondary School Science - Elementary School Science - Time - Sequential Approach - Teaching Methods - Technology Uses in Education
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- Internet Archive ID: ERIC_ED619819
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30Different, But Still The Same: Integrative Taxonomy Confirms A New Species Of Eresus Walckenaer, 1805 (Araneae, Eresidae) From The South Caucasus
By Zamani, Alireza, Seropian, Armen, Zarikian, Noushig, Bulbulashvili, Natalia and Szűts, Tamás
A number of recent policies have tried to improve science learning by increasing the number of science courses required for high school graduation or admission to higher education institutions. But it is highly unlikely that these mandates alone will materially affect the amount and quality of science education for students. Any effort to improve the outcome of science education must carefully consider the effectiveness of the science curriculum. This paper examines options for improving the science curriculum based on research, best extant practices and experience in other countries. Although the word "curriculum" has acquired many different meanings, both in the professional literature and in lay usage, this paper defines curriculum as the intended substantive and pedagogic content of science education to be presented to students in order to develop their knowledge and skills. [This document is a reissue of the July 1988 CPRE Research Report RR-006 under the same title (ED297956).]
“Different, But Still The Same: Integrative Taxonomy Confirms A New Species Of Eresus Walckenaer, 1805 (Araneae, Eresidae) From The South Caucasus” Metadata:
- Title: ➤ Different, But Still The Same: Integrative Taxonomy Confirms A New Species Of Eresus Walckenaer, 1805 (Araneae, Eresidae) From The South Caucasus
- Authors: Zamani, AlirezaSeropian, ArmenZarikian, NoushigBulbulashvili, NataliaSzűts, Tamás
- Language: English
“Different, But Still The Same: Integrative Taxonomy Confirms A New Species Of Eresus Walckenaer, 1805 (Araneae, Eresidae) From The South Caucasus” Subjects and Themes:
- Subjects: Biodiversity hotspot - integrative taxonomy - ladybird spiders - Transcaucasia
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- Internet Archive ID: differentbutsti1249zama
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31The Same Place But Different
By Perry Nodelman
A number of recent policies have tried to improve science learning by increasing the number of science courses required for high school graduation or admission to higher education institutions. But it is highly unlikely that these mandates alone will materially affect the amount and quality of science education for students. Any effort to improve the outcome of science education must carefully consider the effectiveness of the science curriculum. This paper examines options for improving the science curriculum based on research, best extant practices and experience in other countries. Although the word "curriculum" has acquired many different meanings, both in the professional literature and in lay usage, this paper defines curriculum as the intended substantive and pedagogic content of science education to be presented to students in order to develop their knowledge and skills. [This document is a reissue of the July 1988 CPRE Research Report RR-006 under the same title (ED297956).]
“The Same Place But Different” Metadata:
- Title: The Same Place But Different
- Author: Perry Nodelman
- Language: English
“The Same Place But Different” Subjects and Themes:
- Subjects: Fairies -- Fiction. - Fantasy.
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- Internet Archive ID: sameplacebutdiff00node
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32Still More Homonyms : Night And Knight And Other Words That Sound The Same But Look As Different As Ball And Bawl
By Hanson, Joan
A number of recent policies have tried to improve science learning by increasing the number of science courses required for high school graduation or admission to higher education institutions. But it is highly unlikely that these mandates alone will materially affect the amount and quality of science education for students. Any effort to improve the outcome of science education must carefully consider the effectiveness of the science curriculum. This paper examines options for improving the science curriculum based on research, best extant practices and experience in other countries. Although the word "curriculum" has acquired many different meanings, both in the professional literature and in lay usage, this paper defines curriculum as the intended substantive and pedagogic content of science education to be presented to students in order to develop their knowledge and skills. [This document is a reissue of the July 1988 CPRE Research Report RR-006 under the same title (ED297956).]
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- Language: English
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33#KennethUdut Invites Himself To Every Clan And Everybody Considers Him One Of Their Own People - Different But The Same Too #belonging #love-MugPUwQKvIz.mp4 KennethUdut Invites Himself To Every Clan And Everybody Considers Him One Of Their Own People Different But The Same Too Belonging Love MugPUwQKvIz Mp4 KennethUdut Belonging Love
By Kenneth Udut
#KennethUdut invites himself to every clan and Everybody considers him one of their own people - different but the same too #belonging #love-MugPUwQKvIz.mp4 KennethUdut invites himself to every clan and Everybody considers him one of their own people different but the same too belonging love MugPUwQKvIz mp4 KennethUdut belonging love
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- Author: Kenneth Udut
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34NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS) 20120013307: Spacecraft Avionics Software Development Then And Now: Different But The Same
By NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
NASA has always been in the business of balancing new technologies and techniques to achieve human space travel objectives. NASA s historic Software Production Facility (SPF) was developed to serve complex avionics software solutions during an era dominated by mainframes, tape drives, and lower level programming languages. These systems have proven themselves resilient enough to serve the Shuttle Orbiter Avionics life cycle for decades. The SPF and its predecessor the Software Development Lab (SDL) at NASA s Johnson Space Center (JSC) hosted flight software (FSW) engineering, development, simulation, and test. It was active from the beginning of Shuttle Orbiter development in 1972 through the end of the shuttle program in the summer of 2011 almost 40 years. NASA s Kedalion engineering analysis lab is on the forefront of validating and using many contemporary avionics HW/SW development and integration techniques, which represent new paradigms to NASA s heritage culture in avionics software engineering. Kedalion has validated many of the Orion project s HW/SW engineering techniques borrowed from the adjacent commercial aircraft avionics environment, inserting new techniques and skills into the Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle (MPCV) Orion program. Using contemporary agile techniques, COTS products, early rapid prototyping, in-house expertise and tools, and customer collaboration, NASA has adopted a cost effective paradigm that is currently serving Orion effectively. This paper will explore and contrast differences in technology employed over the years of NASA s space program, due largely to technological advances in hardware and software systems, while acknowledging that the basic software engineering and integration paradigms share many similarities.
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- Author: ➤ NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
- Language: English
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- Subjects: ➤ NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS) - APPLICATIONS PROGRAMS (COMPUTERS) - AVIONICS - COMPUTER PROGRAMS - FLIGHT CONTROL - SOFTWARE ENGINEERING - CENTRAL PROCESSING UNITS - NASA SPACE PROGRAMS - SPACECRAFT DESIGN - LIFE (DURABILITY) - COMMERCIAL OFF-THE-SHELF PRODUCTS - Mangieri, Mark L. - Garman, John (Jack) - Vice, Jason
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35INFINITE WELLSPRINGS OF HATE- SJWs Are Built DIFFERENT Than You & I...But They Are Broken The SAME
By Comics Matter w/ Ya Boi Zack
NASA has always been in the business of balancing new technologies and techniques to achieve human space travel objectives. NASA s historic Software Production Facility (SPF) was developed to serve complex avionics software solutions during an era dominated by mainframes, tape drives, and lower level programming languages. These systems have proven themselves resilient enough to serve the Shuttle Orbiter Avionics life cycle for decades. The SPF and its predecessor the Software Development Lab (SDL) at NASA s Johnson Space Center (JSC) hosted flight software (FSW) engineering, development, simulation, and test. It was active from the beginning of Shuttle Orbiter development in 1972 through the end of the shuttle program in the summer of 2011 almost 40 years. NASA s Kedalion engineering analysis lab is on the forefront of validating and using many contemporary avionics HW/SW development and integration techniques, which represent new paradigms to NASA s heritage culture in avionics software engineering. Kedalion has validated many of the Orion project s HW/SW engineering techniques borrowed from the adjacent commercial aircraft avionics environment, inserting new techniques and skills into the Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle (MPCV) Orion program. Using contemporary agile techniques, COTS products, early rapid prototyping, in-house expertise and tools, and customer collaboration, NASA has adopted a cost effective paradigm that is currently serving Orion effectively. This paper will explore and contrast differences in technology employed over the years of NASA s space program, due largely to technological advances in hardware and software systems, while acknowledging that the basic software engineering and integration paradigms share many similarities.
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36A Systematic Study Of The $π^-/π^+$ Ratio In Heavy-ion Collisions With The Same Neutron/proton Ratio But Different Masses
By Ming Zhang, Zhi-Gang Xiao, Bao-An Li, Lie-Wen Chen, Gao-Chan Yong and Sheng-Jiang Zhu
A systematic study of the $\pi^-/\pi^+$ ratio in heavy-ion collisions with the same neutron/proton ratio but different masses can help single out effects of the nuclear mean field on pion production. Based on simulations using the IBUU04 transport model, it is found that the $\pi^-$ / $\pi^+$ ratio in head-on collisions of $^{48}$Ca+$^{48}$Ca, $^{124}$Sn +$^{124}$Sn and $^{197}$Au+$^{197}$Au at beam energies from 0.25 to 0.6 \agev increases with increasing the system size or decreasing the beam energies. A comprehensive analysis of the dynamical isospin fractionation and the \rpi ratio as well as their time evolution and spatial distributions demonstrates clearly that the \rpi ratio is an effective probe of the high-density behavior of the nuclear symmetry energy.
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- Authors: ➤ Ming ZhangZhi-Gang XiaoBao-An LiLie-Wen ChenGao-Chan YongSheng-Jiang Zhu
- Language: English
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- Internet Archive ID: arxiv-0904.0447
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37[WARNING: Disturbing Video] Another Camera Records The Same Incident But From A Different Angle. I'm Trying To Track Down More Information On These Two Videos. They Were Posted By Someone On Facebook Claiming To Be A Teacher Of These Girls. (2 Of 2 Videos) Https://t.co/mE5uvsC0jG
By ⚡️ Luis Gomez
[WARNING: Disturbing video] Another camera records the same incident but from a different angle. I'm trying to track down more information on these two videos. They were posted by someone on Facebook claiming to be a teacher of these girls. (2 of 2 videos) https://t.co/mE5uvsC0jG
“[WARNING: Disturbing Video] Another Camera Records The Same Incident But From A Different Angle. I'm Trying To Track Down More Information On These Two Videos. They Were Posted By Someone On Facebook Claiming To Be A Teacher Of These Girls. (2 Of 2 Videos) Https://t.co/mE5uvsC0jG” Metadata:
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- Author: ⚡️ Luis Gomez
“[WARNING: Disturbing Video] Another Camera Records The Same Incident But From A Different Angle. I'm Trying To Track Down More Information On These Two Videos. They Were Posted By Someone On Facebook Claiming To Be A Teacher Of These Girls. (2 Of 2 Videos) Https://t.co/mE5uvsC0jG” Subjects and Themes:
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38Homographs; Bow And Bow And Other Words That Look The Same But Sound As Different As Sow And Sow
By Hanson, Joan
[WARNING: Disturbing video] Another camera records the same incident but from a different angle. I'm trying to track down more information on these two videos. They were posted by someone on Facebook claiming to be a teacher of these girls. (2 of 2 videos) https://t.co/mE5uvsC0jG
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- Author: Hanson, Joan
- Language: English
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39ACCOMMODATION IN SOUTH FLORIDA THESE RESTAURANTS HAVE DIFFERENT MENUS, BUT THE SAME ACCOMMODATING ATMOSPHERE. ACCOMMODATION. IT'S A GOOD SIGN.
Philip Morris Records; advertisement; list
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- Language: English
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40Tom Steyer - The Labor Movement Has Always Been On The Forefront Of Social And Economic Justice. Today's Struggles May Look Different, But The Principles Driving Them Are The Same. It’s A Privilege To Work With @AFSCME To Build A Better Future, And To Participate In #AFSCMEForum Today.
By Tom Steyer
The labor movement has always been on the forefront of social and economic justice. Today's struggles may look different, but the principles driving them are the same. It’s a privilege to work with @AFSCME to build a better future, and to participate in #AFSCMEForum today. https://t.co/KW6vfEv00q Source: https://twitter.com/TomSteyer/status/1157660763055460353 Uploader: Tom Steyer
“Tom Steyer - The Labor Movement Has Always Been On The Forefront Of Social And Economic Justice. Today's Struggles May Look Different, But The Principles Driving Them Are The Same. It’s A Privilege To Work With @AFSCME To Build A Better Future, And To Participate In #AFSCMEForum Today.” Metadata:
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- Author: Tom Steyer
“Tom Steyer - The Labor Movement Has Always Been On The Forefront Of Social And Economic Justice. Today's Struggles May Look Different, But The Principles Driving Them Are The Same. It’s A Privilege To Work With @AFSCME To Build A Better Future, And To Participate In #AFSCMEForum Today.” Subjects and Themes:
- Subjects: Twitter - video - AFSCMEForum
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- Internet Archive ID: twitter-1157660763055460353
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41The Lincoln Project - ON THE POD: Trump's Appeal To The Masses Originated From The Same Vat Of Political Idiosyncrasy As Schwarzenegger's And Ventura's Stints As Governors... But What's Different This Time? @Greenfield64 Gets Into It On The Latest Episode Of Our Podcast:
By The Lincoln Project
ON THE POD: Trump's appeal to the masses originated from the same vat of political idiosyncrasy as Schwarzenegger's and Ventura's stints as governors... but what's different this time? @Greenfield64 gets into it on the latest episode of our podcast: https://t.co/SWAHi9Cmvk https://t.co/nHFHNWzSrW Source: https://twitter.com/ProjectLincoln/status/1400885303200698369 Uploader: The Lincoln Project
“The Lincoln Project - ON THE POD: Trump's Appeal To The Masses Originated From The Same Vat Of Political Idiosyncrasy As Schwarzenegger's And Ventura's Stints As Governors... But What's Different This Time? @Greenfield64 Gets Into It On The Latest Episode Of Our Podcast:” Metadata:
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- Author: The Lincoln Project
“The Lincoln Project - ON THE POD: Trump's Appeal To The Masses Originated From The Same Vat Of Political Idiosyncrasy As Schwarzenegger's And Ventura's Stints As Governors... But What's Different This Time? @Greenfield64 Gets Into It On The Latest Episode Of Our Podcast:” Subjects and Themes:
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42Me And My Roku: The Same, But Different!?!
By Peter A. Clay
Me and My Roku podcast with host Peter A. Clay is back with a scintillating show! In this episode: Lockdown has caused another postponement---- The Magnolia Network!! Vudu is sold but it's the same, but different! News notes and more! Enjoy!
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- Author: Peter A. Clay
- Language: English
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- Subjects: HGTV - Discovery - Wal-Mart - streaming - roku tips and tricks
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- Internet Archive ID: me-and-my-roku-44
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43Hunter Reacts To Bloody Stingy | THE SAME AS ITSMINE. WMV, BUT DIFFERENT
By Hunter's World Gaming
Reupload of Hunters World Gaming
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- Title: ➤ Hunter Reacts To Bloody Stingy | THE SAME AS ITSMINE. WMV, BUT DIFFERENT
- Author: Hunter's World Gaming
- Language: English
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44The Same, But Different Worlds (103297)
By omencatz
two worlds literally collide as sonic and friends meet sonic and friends, from a slightly different history.
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- Title: ➤ The Same, But Different Worlds (103297)
- Author: omencatz
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- Subjects: comic - smackjeeves - other - webcomic
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- Internet Archive ID: smackjeeves-103297
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45The Same Part Of Town, But All Different From Last Time
Classical Improvisation
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- Title: ➤ The Same Part Of Town, But All Different From Last Time
“The Same Part Of Town, But All Different From Last Time” Subjects and Themes:
- Subjects: Faries - Classical - Improvisation - Synthesizer
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46The Chromium Logo The Chromium Projects Home Chromium ChromiumOS Quick Links Report Bugs Discuss Other Sites Chromium Blog Google Chrome Extensions Except As Otherwise Noted, The Content Of This Page Is Licensed Under A Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 License, And Examples Are Licensed Under The BSD License. Privacy Edit This Page For Developers > How-Tos > Debugging Chromium On Windows First See Get The Code For Checkout And Build Instructions. Getting Started You Can Use Visual Studio's Built-in Debugger Or WinDBG To Debug Chromium. You Don't Need To Use The IDE To Build In Order To Use The Debugger: Autoninja Is Used To Build Chromium And Most Developers Invoke It From A Command Prompt, And Then Open The IDE For Debugging As Necessary. To Start Debugging An Already-built Executable With Visual Studio Just Launch Visual Studio (2019 Or Higher) And Select File-> Open-> Project/Solution (Ctrl+Shift+O) And Select The Executable Of Interest. This Will Create A Solution With That Executable As The 'project'. You Can Then Launch The Debugger With F5 Or F11 Or From The Debug Menu. If You Right-click On The Executable In Solution Explorer And Select Properties Then You Can Edit Things Such As The Executable Path, Command-line Arguments, And Working Directory. You Can Add Additional Executables To The Solution By Using File-> Add-> Existing Project And Selecting Another Already-built Executable. You Can Select Which One To Debug By Right-clicking On One Of Them In Solution Explorer And Selecting Set As Startup Project. When Your Solution File Is Customized To Your Taste You Can Save It To A Directory Such As Out\solutions. Saving It There Helps Ensure That Relative Paths To Source Files, Printed From Build Commands, Will Correctly Identify The Source Files. The Tools Menu Can Be Used To Add Commands To Do Things Like Invoke Autoninja To Build Chrome, Compile The Selected Source File, Or Other Things. Visual Studio 2017 Is Not Recommended For Debugging Of Chromium - Use A Newer Version For Best Performance And Stability. Symbol_level=2 Is The Default On Windows And Gives Full Debugging Information With Types, Locals, Globals, Function Names, And Source/line Information. Symbol_level=1 Creates Smaller PDBs With Just Function Names, And Source/line Information - Source-level Debugging Is Still Supported (new From June 2019), But Local Variables And Type Information Are Missing. Symbol_level=0 Gives Extremely Limited Debugging Abilities, Mostly Just Viewing Call Stacks When Chromium Crashes. Browsing Source Code If You Use A Solution File Generated By Gn (gn Gen --ide=vs) Then Intellisense May Help You Navigate The Code. If This Doesn't Work Or If You Use A Solution Created As Above Then You May Want To Install VsChromium To Help Navigate The Code, As Well As Using Https://source.chromium.org. Profiles It's A Good Idea To Use A Different Chrome Profile For Your Debugging. If You Are Debugging Google Chrome Branded Builds, Or Use A Chromium Build As Your Primary Browser, The Profiles Can Collide So You Can't Run Both At Once, And Your Stable Browser Might See Profile Versions From The Future (Google Chrome And Chromium Use Different Profile Directories By Default So Won't Collide). Use The Command-line Option: --user-data-dir=C:\tmp\my_debug_profile (replace The Path As Necessary) Using The IDE, Go To The Debugging Tab Of The Properties Of The Chrome Project, And Set The Command Arguments. Chrome Debug Log Enable Chrome Debug Logging To A File By Passing --enable-logging --v=1 Command-line Flags At Startup. Debug Builds Place The Chrome_debug.log File In The Out\Debug Directory. Release Builds Place The File In The Top Level Of The User Data Chromium App Directory, Which Is OS-version-dependent. For More Information, See Logging And User Data Directory Details. Symbol Server If You Are Debugging Official Google Chrome Release Builds, Use The Symbol Server: Https://chromium-browser-symsrv.commondatastorage.googleapis.com In Visual Studio, This Goes In Tools > Options Under Debugging > Symbols. You Should Set Up A Local Cache In A Empty Directory On Your Computer. In Windbg You Can Add This To Your Symbol Server Search Path With The Command Below, Where C:\symbols Is A Local Cache Directory: .sympath+ SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://chromium-browser-symsrv.commondatastorage.googleapis.com Alternately, You Can Set The _NT_SYMBOL_PATH Environment Variable To Include Both The Microsoft And Google Symbol Servers - VS, Windbg, And Other Tools Should Both Respect This Environment Variable: _NT_SYMBOL_PATH=SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://msdl.microsoft.com/download/symbols;SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://chromium-browser-symsrv.commondatastorage.googleapis.com Note That Symbol Servers Will Let The Debuggers Download Both The PE Files (DLLs And EXEs) And The PDB Files. Chrome Often Loads Third Party Libraries And Partial Symbols For Some Of These Are Also Public. For Example: AMD: Https://download.amd.com/dir/bin Nvidia: Https://driver-symbols.nvidia.com/ Intel: Https://software.intel.com/sites/downloads/symbols/ For Example, For Completeness, The Following Symbol Server Environment Variable Will Resolve All Of The Above Sources - But This Is More Than Is Normally Needed: _NT_SYMBOL_PATH=SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://msdl.microsoft.com/download/symbols;SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://chromium-browser-symsrv.commondatastorage.googleapis.com;SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://download.amd.com/dir/bin;SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://driver-symbols.nvidia.com/;SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://software.intel.com/sites/downloads/symbols/ Source Indexing You Should Set Up Source Indexing In Your Debugger (.srcfix In Windbg, Tools-> Options-> Debugging-> General-> Enable Source Server Support In Visual Studio) So That The Correct Source Files Will Automatically Be Downloaded Based On Information In The Downloaded Symbols. Additionally, You Must Have Python In Your Path In Order For The Command That Fetches Source Files To Succeed; Launching The Debugger From The Same Environment As Where You Build Chromium Is An Easy Way To Ensure It's Present. This Is Highly Recommended When Debugging Released Google Chrome Builds Or Looking At Crash Dumps. Having The Correct Version Of The Source Files Automatically Show Up Saves Significant Time So You Should Definitely Set This. Multi-process Issues Chromium Can Be Challenging To Debug Because Of Its Multi-process Architecture. When You Select Run In The Debugger, Only The Main Browser Process Will Be Debugged. The Code That Actually Renders Web Pages (the Renderer) And The Plugins Will Be In Separate Processes That's Not (yet!) Being Debugged. The ProcessExplorer Tool Has A Process Tree View Where You Can See How These Processes Are Related. You Can Also Get The Process IDs Associated With Each Tab From The Chrome Task Manager (right-click On An Empty Area Of The Window Title Bar To Open). Automatically Attach To Child Processes There Are Two Visual Studio Extensions That Enable The Debugger To Automatically Attach To All Chrome Processes, So You Can Debug All Of Chrome At Once. Microsoft's Child Process Debugging Power Tool Is A Standalone Extension For This, And VsChromium Is Another Option That Bundles Many Other Additional Features. In Addition To Installing One Of These Extensions, You Must Run Visual Studio As Administrator, Or It Will Silently Fail To Attach To Some Of Chrome's Child Processes. Single-process Mode One Way To Debug Issues Is To Run Chromium In Single-process Mode. This Will Allow You To See The Entire State Of The Program Without Extra Work (although It Will Still Have Many Threads). To Use Single-process Mode, Add The Command-line Flag --single-process This Approach Isn't Perfect Because Some Problems Won't Manifest Themselves In This Mode And Some Features Don't Work And Worker Threads Are Still Spawned Into New Processes. Manually Attaching To A Child Process You Can Attach To The Running Child Processes With The Debugger. Select Tools > Attach To Process And Click The Chrome.exe Process You Want To Attach To. Before Attaching, Make Sure You Have Selected Only Native Code When Attaching To The Process This Is Done By Clicking Select... In The Attach To Process Window And Only Checking Native. If You Forget This, It May Attempt To Attach In "WebKit" Mode To Debug JavaScript, And You'll Get An Error Message "An Operation Is Not Legal In The Current State." You Can Now Debug The Two Processes As If They Were One. When You Are Debugging Multiple Processes, Open The Debug > Windows > Processes Window To Switch Between Them. Sometimes You Are Debugging Something That Only Happens On Startup, And Want To See The Child Process As Soon As It Starts. Use: --renderer-startup-dialog --no-sandbox You Have To Disable The Sandbox Or The Dialog Box Will Be Prohibited From Showing. When The Dialog Appears, Visit Tools > Attach To Process And Attach To The Process Showing The Renderer Startup Dialog. Now You're Debugging In The Renderer And Can Continue Execution By Pressing OK In The Dialog. Startup Dialogs Also Exist For Other Child Process Types: --gpu-startup-dialog, --ppapi-startup-dialog, --utility-startup-dialog, --plugin-startup-dialog (for NPAPI). For Utilities, You Can Add A Service Type --utility-startup-dialog=data_decoder.mojom.DataDecoderService. You Can Also Try The Vs-chromium Plug-in To Attach To The Right Processes. Semi-automatically Attaching The Debugger To Child Processes The Following Flags Cause Child Processes To Wait For 60 Seconds In A Busy Loop For A Debugger To Attach To The Process. Once Either Condition Is True, It Continues On; No Exception Is Thrown. --wait-for-debugger-children[=filter] The Filter, If Provided, Will Fire Only If It Matches The --type Parameter To The Process. Values Include Renderer, Plugin (for NPAPI), Ppapi, Gpu-process, And Utility. When Using This Option, It May Be Helpful To Limit The Number Of Renderer Processes Spawned, Using: --renderer-process-limit=1 Image File Execution Options Using Image File Execution Options (IFEO) Will Not Work Because CreateProcess() Returns The Handle To The Debugger Process Instead Of The Intended Child Process. There Are Also Issues With The Sandbox. Time Travel Debugging You Can Do Time Travel Debugging Using WinDbg Preview (must Be Installed From The Microsoft Store). This Lets You Execute A Program Forward And Backwards. After Capturing A Trace, You Can Set Breakpoints And Step Through Code As Normal, But Also Provides 'backwards' Commands (g-, T-, P-) So That You Can Go Back And Forth Through The Execution. It Is Especially Useful To Set Data Breakpoints (ba Command) And Reverse Continuing, So You Can See When A Certain Variable Was Last Changed To Its Current Value. Chromium Specifics: The Type Of Injection The Time Travel Tracer Needs To Perform Is Incompatible With The Chromium Sandbox. In Order To Record A Trace, You'll Need To Run With --no-sandbox. Chromium Cannot Run Elevated With Administrator Privileges, So The "Launch Executable (advance)" Option Won't Work, You'll Need To Attach After The Process Has Already Launched Via The Checkbox In The Bottom Right. If You Need To Record Startup-like Things, You'll Have To Use --{browser,gpu,renderer,utility}-startup-dialog, Then Attach (and Hope The Relevant Code Hasn't Executed Before That Point). JsDbg -- Data Structure Visualization You Can Install JsDbg As A Plugin For WinDbg Or Visual Studio. It Interactively Lets You Look At Data Structures (such As The DOM Tree, Accessibility Tree, Layout Object Tree, And Others) In A Web Browser As You Debug. See The JsDbg Site For Some Screen Shots And Usage Examples. This Also Works When Examining Memory Dumps (though Not Minidumps), And Also Works Together With Time Travel Debugging. Visual Studio Hints Debug Visualizers Chrome's Custom Debug Visualizers Should Be Added To The Pdb Files And Automatically Picked Up By Visual Studio. The Definitions Are In //tools/win/DebugVisualizers If You Need To Modify Them (the BUILD.gn File There Has Additional Instructions). Don't Step Into Trivial Functions The Debugger Can Be Configured To Automatically Not Step Into Functions Based On Regular Expression. Edit Default.natstepfilter In The Following Directory: For Visual Studio 2015: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\Common7\Packages\Debugger\Visualizers (for All Users) Or %USERPROFILE%\My Documents\Visual Studio 2015\Visualizers (for The Current User Only) For Visual Studio 2017 Pro: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Professional\Common7\Packages\Debugger\Visualizers (for All Users) Or %USERPROFILE%\My Documents\Visual Studio 2017\Visualizers (for The Current User Only) Add Regular Expressions Of Functions To Not Step Into. Remember To Regex-escape And XML-escape Them, E.g. < For < And \. For A Literal Dot. Example: Operator New NoStepInto Operator Delete NoStepInto Std::.* NoStepInto WTF::.*Ptr ::.* NoStepInto This File Is Read At Start Of A Debugging Session (F5), So You Don't Need To Restart Visual Studio After Changing It. More Info: Microsoft Email Thread V8 And Chromium V8 Supports Many Command-line Flags That Are Useful For Debugging. V8 Command-line Flags Can Be Set Via The Chromium Command-line Flag --js-flags; For Instance: Chrome.exe --js-flags="--trace_exception --heap_stats" Note That Some V8 Command-line Flags Exist Only In The Debug Build Of V8. For A List Of All V8 Flags Try: Chrome.exe --js-flags="--help" Graphics Debugging GPU Acceleration Of Rendering Can Be More Easily Debugged With Tools. See: Graphics Debugging In Visual Studio 2013 Graphical Debugging With NVIDIA NSight Debugging On Another Machine Sometimes It's Useful To Debug Installation And Execution On A Machine Other Than Your Primary Build Box. To Run The Installer On Said Other Machine, First Build The Mini_installer Target On Your Main Build Machine (e.g., Autoninja -C Out\Debug Mini_installer). Next, On The Debug Machine: Make The Build Machine's Build Volume Available On The Debug Machine Either By Mounting It Locally (e.g., Z:\) Or By Crafting A UNC Path To It (e.g., \\builder\src) Open Up A Command Prompt And Change To A Local Disk Run Src\tools\win\copy-installer.bat In The Remote Checkout By Way Of The Mount (e.g., Z:\PATHTOCHECKOUT\src\...) Or UNC Path (e.g., \\builder\src\...). This Will Copy The Installer, DLLs, And PDBs Into Your Debug Machine's C:\out Or C:\build (depending On If You're Rocking The Component=shared_library Build Or Not) Run C:\out\Debug\mini_installer.exe With The Flags Of Your Choice To Install Chrome. This Can Take Some Time, Especially On A Slow Machine. Watch The Task Manager And Wait Until Mini_installer.exe Exits Before Trying To Launch Chrome (by Way Of The Shortcut(s) Created By The Installer) For Extra Pleasure, Add C:\out\Debug To Your _NT_SYMBOL_PATH Environment Variable Consider Reading The Documentation At The Top Of Copy-installer.bat To See How You Can Run It. It Tries To Be Smart And Copy The Right Things, But You May Need To Be Explicit (e.g., "copy-installer.bat Out Debug"). It Is Safe To Re-run The Script To Copy Only Modified Files (after A Rebuild, For Example). You Can Also Use The Zip Action Of The Isolate Scripts (tools\mb\mb.py) To Package All The Files For A Target Into A Single Zip File, For Example: Python Tools\mb\mb.py Zip Out/Release Base_unittests Base_unittests.zip Finding All Memory Allocations It Is Possible To Use Heap Snapshots To Get Call Stacks On All Outstanding Allocations That Use The OS Heap. This Works Particularly Well If Heap Snapshots Are Started As Soon As The Chrome Browser Process Is Created, But Before It Starts Running. Details Can Be Found In This Batch File. However, With PartitionAlloc Everywhere Most Chromium Allocations No Longer Use The Windows Heap So This Will Only Find A Subset Of Allocations, Mostly From OS DLLs. Find Memory Leaks Note: As With Heap Snapshots The Utility Of UMDH Is Greatly Reduced Now Because PartitionAlloc Everywhere Has Mostly Replaced The Windows Heap. The Windows Heap Manager Has A Really Useful Debug Flag, Where It Can Be Asked To Capture And Store A Stack Trace With Every Allocation. The Tool To Scrape These Stack Traces Out Of Processes Is UMDH, Which Comes With WinDbg. UMDH Is Great. It Will Capture A Snapshot Of The Heap State As Many Times As You Like, And It'll Do It Fairly Quickly. You Then Run It Again Against Either A Single Snapshot, Or A Pair Of Snapshots, At Which Time It'll Symbolize The Stack Traces And Aggregate Usage Up To Unique Stack Traces. Turning On The User Stack Trace Database For Chrome.exe With Gflags.exe Makes It Run Unbearably Slowly; However, Turning On The User Stack Trace Database On For The Browser Alone Is Just Fine. While It's Possible To Turn On The User Stack Database With The "!gflag" Debugging Extension, It's Too Late To Do This By The Time The Initial Debugger Breakpoint Hits. The Only Reasonable Way To Do This Is To Launch GFlags.exe, Enable The User Stack Trace Database (per Image Below), Launch Chrome Under The Debugger. Set A Breakpont When Chrome.dll Loads With "sxe Ld Chrome.dll". Step Up, To Allow Chrome.dll To Initialize. Disable The Stack Trace Database In GFlags.exe. Continue Chrome, Optionally Detaching The Debugger. Image GFlags.exe Settings For User Mode Stack Trace Database. If You Then Ever Suffer A Browser Memory Leak, You Can Snarf A Dump Of The Process With Umdh -p: > Chrome-browser-leak-umdh-dump.txt Which Can Then Typically Be "trivially" Analyzed To Find The Culprit. Miscellaneous Note That By Default Application Verifier Only Works With Non-official Builds Of Chromium. To Use Application Verifier On Official Builds You Need To Add --disable-features=RendererCodeIntegrity To Avoid Sandbox Crashes In Renderer Processes. See Crbug.com/1004989 For Details. See Also This Page. Application Verifier Is A Free Tool From Microsoft (available As Part Of The Windows SDK) That Can Be Used To Flush Out Programming Errors. Starting With M68 Application Verifier Can Be Enabled For Chrome.exe Without Needing To Disable The Sandbox. After Adding Chrome.exe To The List Of Applications To Be Stressed You Need To Expand The List Of Basics Checks And Disable The Leak Checks. You May Also Need To Disable Handles And Locks Checks Depending On Your Graphics Driver And Specific Chrome Version, But The Eventual Goal Is To Have Chrome Run With Handles And Locks Checks Enabled. When Bugs Are Found Chrome Will Trigger A Breakpoint So Running All Chrome Processes Under A Debugger Is Recommended. Chrome Will Run Much More Slowly Because Application Verifier Puts Every Heap Allocation On A Separate Page. Note That With PartitionAlloc Everywhere Most Chromium Allocations Don't Actually Go Through The Windows Heap And Are Therefore Unaffected By Application Verifier. You Can Check The Undocumented 'Cuzz' Checkbox In Application Verifier To Get The Windows Thread Scheduler To Add Some Extra Randomness In Order To Help Expose Race Conditions In Your Code. To Put A Breakpoint On CreateFile(), Add This Break Point: {,,kernel32.dll}_CreateFileW@28 {,,kernel32.dll} Specifies The DLL (context Operator). _ Prefix Means Extern "C". @28 Postfix Means _stdcall With The Stack Pop At The End Of The Function. I.e. The Number Of Arguments In BYTES. You Can Use DebugView From SysInternals Or Sawbuck To View LOG() Messages That Normally Go To Stderr On POSIX.
The Chromium Projects Home Chromium ChromiumOS Quick links Report bugs Discuss Other sites Chromium Blog Google Chrome Extensions Except as otherwise noted , the content of this page is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 license , and examples are licensed under the BSD License . Privacy Edit this page For Developers > How-Tos > Debugging Chromium on Windows First see get the code for checkout and build instructions. Getting started You can use Visual Studio's built-in debugger or WinDBG to debug Chromium. You don't need to use the IDE to build in order to use the debugger: autoninja is used to build Chromium and most developers invoke it from a command prompt, and then open the IDE for debugging as necessary. To start debugging an already-built executable with Visual Studio just launch Visual Studio (2019 or higher) and select File-> Open-> Project/Solution (Ctrl+Shift+O) and select the executable of interest. This will create a solution with that executable as the 'project'. You can then launch the debugger with F5 or F11 or from the Debug menu. If you right-click on the executable in Solution Explorer and select properties then you can edit things such as the executable path, command-line arguments, and working directory. You can add additional executables to the solution by using File-> Add-> Existing Project and selecting another already-built executable. You can select which one to debug by right-clicking on one of them in Solution Explorer and selecting Set as Startup Project. When your solution file is customized to your taste you can save it to a directory such as out\solutions. Saving it there helps ensure that relative paths to source files, printed from build commands, will correctly identify the source files. The Tools menu can be used to add commands to do things like invoke autoninja to build Chrome, compile the selected source file, or other things. Visual Studio 2017 is not recommended for debugging of Chromium - use a newer version for best performance and stability. symbol_level=2 is the default on Windows and gives full debugging information with types, locals, globals, function names, and source/line information. symbol_level=1 creates smaller PDBs with just function names, and source/line information - source-level debugging is still supported (new from June 2019), but local variables and type information are missing. symbol_level=0 gives extremely limited debugging abilities, mostly just viewing call stacks when Chromium crashes. Browsing source code If you use a solution file generated by gn ( gn gen --ide=vs ) then Intellisense may help you navigate the code. If this doesn't work or if you use a solution created as above then you may want to install VsChromium to help navigate the code, as well as using https://source.chromium.org . Profiles It's a good idea to use a different Chrome profile for your debugging. If you are debugging Google Chrome branded builds, or use a Chromium build as your primary browser, the profiles can collide so you can't run both at once, and your stable browser might see profile versions from the future (Google Chrome and Chromium use different profile directories by default so won't collide). Use the command-line option: --user-data-dir =C:\tmp\my_debug_profile (replace the path as necessary) Using the IDE, go to the Debugging tab of the properties of the chrome project, and set the Command Arguments. Chrome debug log Enable Chrome debug logging to a file by passing --enable-logging --v=1 command-line flags at startup. Debug builds place the chrome_debug.log file in the out\Debug directory. Release builds place the file in the top level of the user data Chromium app directory, which is OS-version-dependent. For more information, see logging and user data directory details. Symbol server If you are debugging official Google Chrome release builds, use the symbol server: https://chromium-browser-symsrv.commondatastorage.googleapis.com In Visual Studio, this goes in Tools > Options under Debugging > Symbols . You should set up a local cache in a empty directory on your computer. In windbg you can add this to your symbol server search path with the command below, where C:\symbols is a local cache directory: .sympath+ SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://chromium-browser-symsrv.commondatastorage.googleapis.com Alternately, You can set the _NT_SYMBOL_PATH environment variable to include both the Microsoft and Google symbol servers - VS, windbg, and other tools should both respect this environment variable: _NT_SYMBOL_PATH =SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://msdl.microsoft.com/download/symbols ;SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://chromium-browser-symsrv.commondatastorage.googleapis.com Note that symbol servers will let the debuggers download both the PE files (DLLs and EXEs) and the PDB files. Chrome often loads third party libraries and partial symbols for some of these are also public. For example: AMD : https://download.amd.com/dir/bin Nvidia : https://driver-symbols.nvidia.com/ Intel : https://software.intel.com/sites/downloads/symbols/ For example, for completeness, the following symbol server environment variable will resolve all of the above sources - but this is more than is normally needed: _NT_SYMBOL_PATH=SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://msdl.microsoft.com/download/symbols;SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://chromium-browser-symsrv.commondatastorage.googleapis.com;SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://download.amd.com/dir/bin;SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://driver-symbols.nvidia.com/;SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://software.intel.com/sites/downloads/symbols/ Source indexing You should set up source indexing in your debugger ( .srcfix in windbg, Tools-> Options-> Debugging-> General-> Enable source server support in Visual Studio) so that the correct source files will automatically be downloaded based on information in the downloaded symbols. Additionally, you must have python in your path in order for the command that fetches source files to succeed; launching the debugger from the same environment as where you build Chromium is an easy way to ensure it's present. This is highly recommended when debugging released Google Chrome builds or looking at crash dumps. Having the correct version of the source files automatically show up saves significant time so you should definitely set this. Multi-process issues Chromium can be challenging to debug because of its multi-process architecture . When you select Run in the debugger, only the main browser process will be debugged. The code that actually renders web pages (the Renderer) and the plugins will be in separate processes that's not (yet!) being debugged. The ProcessExplorer tool has a process tree view where you can see how these processes are related. You can also get the process IDs associated with each tab from the Chrome Task Manager (right-click on an empty area of the window title bar to open). Automatically attach to child processes There are two Visual Studio extensions that enable the debugger to automatically attach to all Chrome processes, so you can debug all of Chrome at once. Microsoft's Child Process Debugging Power Tool is a standalone extension for this, and VsChromium is another option that bundles many other additional features. In addition to installing one of these extensions, you must run Visual Studio as Administrator, or it will silently fail to attach to some of Chrome's child processes. Single-process mode One way to debug issues is to run Chromium in single-process mode. This will allow you to see the entire state of the program without extra work (although it will still have many threads). To use single-process mode, add the command-line flag --single-process This approach isn't perfect because some problems won't manifest themselves in this mode and some features don't work and worker threads are still spawned into new processes. Manually attaching to a child process You can attach to the running child processes with the debugger. Select Tools > Attach to Process and click the chrome.exe process you want to attach to. Before attaching, make sure you have selected only Native code when attaching to the process This is done by clicking Select... in the Attach to Process window and only checking Native. If you forget this, it may attempt to attach in "WebKit" mode to debug JavaScript, and you'll get an error message "An operation is not legal in the current state." You can now debug the two processes as if they were one. When you are debugging multiple processes, open the Debug > Windows > Processes window to switch between them. Sometimes you are debugging something that only happens on startup, and want to see the child process as soon as it starts. Use: --renderer-startup-dialog --no-sandbox You have to disable the sandbox or the dialog box will be prohibited from showing. When the dialog appears, visit Tools > Attach to Process and attach to the process showing the Renderer startup dialog. Now you're debugging in the renderer and can continue execution by pressing OK in the dialog. Startup dialogs also exist for other child process types: --gpu-startup-dialog , --ppapi-startup-dialog , --utility-startup-dialog , --plugin-startup-dialog (for NPAPI). For utilities, you can add a service type --utility-startup-dialog=data_decoder.mojom.DataDecoderService . You can also try the vs-chromium plug-in to attach to the right processes. Semi-automatically attaching the debugger to child processes The following flags cause child processes to wait for 60 seconds in a busy loop for a debugger to attach to the process. Once either condition is true, it continues on; no exception is thrown. --wait-for-debugger-children [=filter] The filter, if provided, will fire only if it matches the --type parameter to the process. Values include renderer , plugin (for NPAPI), ppapi , gpu-process , and utility . When using this option, it may be helpful to limit the number of renderer processes spawned, using: --renderer-process-limit = 1 Image File Execution Options Using Image File Execution Options (IFEO) will not work because CreateProcess() returns the handle to the debugger process instead of the intended child process. There are also issues with the sandbox. Time travel debugging You can do time travel debugging using WinDbg Preview (must be installed from the Microsoft Store). This lets you execute a program forward and backwards. After capturing a trace, you can set breakpoints and step through code as normal, but also provides 'backwards' commands (g-, t-, p-) so that you can go back and forth through the execution. It is especially useful to set data breakpoints ( ba command ) and reverse continuing, so you can see when a certain variable was last changed to its current value. Chromium specifics: The type of injection the time travel tracer needs to perform is incompatible with the Chromium sandbox. In order to record a trace, you'll need to run with --no-sandbox . Chromium cannot run elevated with Administrator privileges, so the "Launch executable (advance)" option won't work, you'll need to attach after the process has already launched via the checkbox in the bottom right. If you need to record startup-like things, you'll have to use --{browser,gpu,renderer,utility}-startup-dialog, then attach (and hope the relevant code hasn't executed before that point). JsDbg -- data structure visualization You can install JsDbg as a plugin for WinDbg or Visual Studio . It interactively lets you look at data structures (such as the DOM tree, Accessibility tree, layout object tree, and others) in a web browser as you debug. See the JsDbg site for some screen shots and usage examples. This also works when examining memory dumps (though not minidumps), and also works together with time travel debugging. Visual Studio hints Debug visualizers Chrome's custom debug visualizers should be added to the pdb files and automatically picked up by Visual Studio. The definitions are in //tools/win/DebugVisualizers if you need to modify them (the BUILD.gn file there has additional instructions). Don't step into trivial functions The debugger can be configured to automatically not step into functions based on regular expression. Edit default.natstepfilter in the following directory: For Visual Studio 2015: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\Common7\Packages\Debugger\Visualizers (for all users) or %USERPROFILE%\My Documents\Visual Studio 2015\Visualizers (for the current user only) For Visual Studio 2017 Pro: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Professional\Common7\Packages\Debugger\Visualizers (for all users) or %USERPROFILE%\My Documents\Visual Studio 2017\Visualizers (for the current user only) Add regular expressions of functions to not step into. Remember to regex-escape and XML-escape them, e.g. < for < and \. for a literal dot. Example: < Function > < Name > operator new </ Name > < Action > NoStepInto </ Action > </ Function > < Function > < Name > operator delete </ Name > < Action > NoStepInto </ Action > </ Function > <!-- Skip everything in std --> < Function > < Name > std::.* </ Name > < Action > NoStepInto </ Action > </ Function > <!-- all methods on WebKit OwnPtr and variants, ... WTF::*Ptr<*>::* --> < Function > < Name > WTF::.*Ptr<.*>::.* </ Name > < Action > NoStepInto </ Action > </ Function > This file is read at start of a debugging session (F5), so you don't need to restart Visual Studio after changing it. More info: Microsoft email thread V8 and Chromium V8 supports many command-line flags that are useful for debugging. V8 command-line flags can be set via the Chromium command-line flag --js-flags; for instance: chrome.exe --js-flags= "--trace_exception --heap_stats" Note that some V8 command-line flags exist only in the debug build of V8. For a list of all V8 flags try: chrome.exe --js-flags= "--help" Graphics debugging GPU Acceleration of rendering can be more easily debugged with tools. See: Graphics Debugging in Visual Studio 2013 Graphical debugging with NVIDIA NSight Debugging on another machine Sometimes it's useful to debug installation and execution on a machine other than your primary build box. To run the installer on said other machine, first build the mini_installer target on your main build machine (e.g., autoninja -C out\Debug mini_installer). Next, on the debug machine: Make the build machine's build volume available on the debug machine either by mounting it locally (e.g., Z:\) or by crafting a UNC path to it (e.g., \\builder\src) Open up a command prompt and change to a local disk Run src\tools\win\ copy-installer.bat in the remote checkout by way of the mount (e.g., Z:\PATHTOCHECKOUT\src\...) or UNC path (e.g., \\builder\src\...). This will copy the installer, DLLs, and PDBs into your debug machine's C:\out or C:\build (depending on if you're rocking the component=shared_library build or not) Run C:\out\Debug\mini_installer.exe with the flags of your choice to install Chrome. This can take some time, especially on a slow machine. Watch the Task Manager and wait until mini_installer.exe exits before trying to launch Chrome (by way of the shortcut(s) created by the installer) For extra pleasure, add C:\out\Debug to your _NT_SYMBOL_PATH environment variable Consider reading the documentation at the top of copy-installer.bat to see how you can run it. It tries to be smart and copy the right things, but you may need to be explicit (e.g., "copy-installer.bat out Debug"). It is safe to re-run the script to copy only modified files (after a rebuild, for example). You can also use the zip action of the isolate scripts (tools\mb\mb.py) to package all the files for a target into a single zip file, for example: python tools\mb\mb.py zip out/Release base_unittests base_unittests. zip Finding all memory allocations It is possible to use Heap Snapshots to get call stacks on all outstanding allocations that use the OS heap. This works particularly well if heap snapshots are started as soon as the Chrome browser process is created, but before it starts running. Details can be found in this batch file . However, with PartitionAlloc Everywhere most Chromium allocations no longer use the Windows heap so this will only find a subset of allocations, mostly from OS DLLs. Find memory leaks Note: as with Heap Snapshots the utility of UMDH is greatly reduced now because PartitionAlloc Everywhere has mostly replaced the Windows heap. The Windows heap manager has a really useful debug flag, where it can be asked to capture and store a stack trace with every allocation. The tool to scrape these stack traces out of processes is UMDH, which comes with WinDbg . UMDH is great. It will capture a snapshot of the heap state as many times as you like, and it'll do it fairly quickly. You then run it again against either a single snapshot, or a pair of snapshots, at which time it'll symbolize the stack traces and aggregate usage up to unique stack traces. Turning on the user stack trace database for chrome.exe with gflags.exe makes it run unbearably slowly; however, turning on the user stack trace database on for the browser alone is just fine. While it's possible to turn on the user stack database with the "!gflag" debugging extension, it's too late to do this by the time the initial debugger breakpoint hits. The only reasonable way to do this is to Launch GFlags.exe, Enable the user stack trace database (per image below), Launch Chrome under the debugger. Set a breakpont when chrome.dll loads with "sxe ld chrome.dll". Step up, to allow Chrome.dll to initialize. Disable the stack trace database in GFlags.exe. Continue chrome, optionally detaching the debugger. GFlags.exe settings for user mode stack trace database. If you then ever suffer a browser memory leak, you can snarf a dump of the process with umdh - p :<my browser pid> > chrome-browser-leak-umdh-dump.txt which can then typically be "trivially" analyzed to find the culprit. Miscellaneous Note that by default Application Verifier only works with non-official builds of Chromium. To use Application Verifier on official builds you need to add --disable-features=RendererCodeIntegrity to avoid sandbox crashes in renderer processes. See crbug.com/1004989 for details. See also this page . Application Verifier is a free tool from Microsoft (available as part of the Windows SDK) that can be used to flush out programming errors. Starting with M68 Application Verifier can be enabled for chrome.exe without needing to disable the sandbox. After adding chrome.exe to the list of applications to be stressed you need to expand the list of Basics checks and disable the Leak checks. You may also need to disable Handles and Locks checks depending on your graphics driver and specific Chrome version, but the eventual goal is to have Chrome run with Handles and Locks checks enabled. When bugs are found Chrome will trigger a breakpoint so running all Chrome processes under a debugger is recommended. Chrome will run much more slowly because Application Verifier puts every heap allocation on a separate page. Note that with PartitionAlloc Everywhere most Chromium allocations don't actually go through the Windows heap and are therefore unaffected by Application Verifier. You can check the undocumented 'Cuzz' checkbox in Application Verifier to get the Windows thread scheduler to add some extra randomness in order to help expose race conditions in your code. To put a breakpoint on CreateFile(), add this break point: {,,kernel32.dll}_CreateFileW@28 {,,kernel32.dll} specifies the DLL (context operator). _ prefix means extern "C". @28 postfix means _stdcall with the stack pop at the end of the function. i.e. the number of arguments in BYTES. You can use DebugView from SysInternals or sawbuck to view LOG() messages that normally go to stderr on POSIX.
“The Chromium Logo The Chromium Projects Home Chromium ChromiumOS Quick Links Report Bugs Discuss Other Sites Chromium Blog Google Chrome Extensions Except As Otherwise Noted, The Content Of This Page Is Licensed Under A Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 License, And Examples Are Licensed Under The BSD License. Privacy Edit This Page For Developers > How-Tos > Debugging Chromium On Windows First See Get The Code For Checkout And Build Instructions. Getting Started You Can Use Visual Studio's Built-in Debugger Or WinDBG To Debug Chromium. You Don't Need To Use The IDE To Build In Order To Use The Debugger: Autoninja Is Used To Build Chromium And Most Developers Invoke It From A Command Prompt, And Then Open The IDE For Debugging As Necessary. To Start Debugging An Already-built Executable With Visual Studio Just Launch Visual Studio (2019 Or Higher) And Select File-> Open-> Project/Solution (Ctrl+Shift+O) And Select The Executable Of Interest. This Will Create A Solution With That Executable As The 'project'. You Can Then Launch The Debugger With F5 Or F11 Or From The Debug Menu. If You Right-click On The Executable In Solution Explorer And Select Properties Then You Can Edit Things Such As The Executable Path, Command-line Arguments, And Working Directory. You Can Add Additional Executables To The Solution By Using File-> Add-> Existing Project And Selecting Another Already-built Executable. You Can Select Which One To Debug By Right-clicking On One Of Them In Solution Explorer And Selecting Set As Startup Project. When Your Solution File Is Customized To Your Taste You Can Save It To A Directory Such As Out\solutions. Saving It There Helps Ensure That Relative Paths To Source Files, Printed From Build Commands, Will Correctly Identify The Source Files. The Tools Menu Can Be Used To Add Commands To Do Things Like Invoke Autoninja To Build Chrome, Compile The Selected Source File, Or Other Things. Visual Studio 2017 Is Not Recommended For Debugging Of Chromium - Use A Newer Version For Best Performance And Stability. Symbol_level=2 Is The Default On Windows And Gives Full Debugging Information With Types, Locals, Globals, Function Names, And Source/line Information. Symbol_level=1 Creates Smaller PDBs With Just Function Names, And Source/line Information - Source-level Debugging Is Still Supported (new From June 2019), But Local Variables And Type Information Are Missing. Symbol_level=0 Gives Extremely Limited Debugging Abilities, Mostly Just Viewing Call Stacks When Chromium Crashes. Browsing Source Code If You Use A Solution File Generated By Gn (gn Gen --ide=vs) Then Intellisense May Help You Navigate The Code. If This Doesn't Work Or If You Use A Solution Created As Above Then You May Want To Install VsChromium To Help Navigate The Code, As Well As Using Https://source.chromium.org. Profiles It's A Good Idea To Use A Different Chrome Profile For Your Debugging. If You Are Debugging Google Chrome Branded Builds, Or Use A Chromium Build As Your Primary Browser, The Profiles Can Collide So You Can't Run Both At Once, And Your Stable Browser Might See Profile Versions From The Future (Google Chrome And Chromium Use Different Profile Directories By Default So Won't Collide). Use The Command-line Option: --user-data-dir=C:\tmp\my_debug_profile (replace The Path As Necessary) Using The IDE, Go To The Debugging Tab Of The Properties Of The Chrome Project, And Set The Command Arguments. Chrome Debug Log Enable Chrome Debug Logging To A File By Passing --enable-logging --v=1 Command-line Flags At Startup. Debug Builds Place The Chrome_debug.log File In The Out\Debug Directory. Release Builds Place The File In The Top Level Of The User Data Chromium App Directory, Which Is OS-version-dependent. For More Information, See Logging And User Data Directory Details. Symbol Server If You Are Debugging Official Google Chrome Release Builds, Use The Symbol Server: Https://chromium-browser-symsrv.commondatastorage.googleapis.com In Visual Studio, This Goes In Tools > Options Under Debugging > Symbols. You Should Set Up A Local Cache In A Empty Directory On Your Computer. In Windbg You Can Add This To Your Symbol Server Search Path With The Command Below, Where C:\symbols Is A Local Cache Directory: .sympath+ SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://chromium-browser-symsrv.commondatastorage.googleapis.com Alternately, You Can Set The _NT_SYMBOL_PATH Environment Variable To Include Both The Microsoft And Google Symbol Servers - VS, Windbg, And Other Tools Should Both Respect This Environment Variable: _NT_SYMBOL_PATH=SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://msdl.microsoft.com/download/symbols;SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://chromium-browser-symsrv.commondatastorage.googleapis.com Note That Symbol Servers Will Let The Debuggers Download Both The PE Files (DLLs And EXEs) And The PDB Files. Chrome Often Loads Third Party Libraries And Partial Symbols For Some Of These Are Also Public. For Example: AMD: Https://download.amd.com/dir/bin Nvidia: Https://driver-symbols.nvidia.com/ Intel: Https://software.intel.com/sites/downloads/symbols/ For Example, For Completeness, The Following Symbol Server Environment Variable Will Resolve All Of The Above Sources - But This Is More Than Is Normally Needed: _NT_SYMBOL_PATH=SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://msdl.microsoft.com/download/symbols;SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://chromium-browser-symsrv.commondatastorage.googleapis.com;SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://download.amd.com/dir/bin;SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://driver-symbols.nvidia.com/;SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://software.intel.com/sites/downloads/symbols/ Source Indexing You Should Set Up Source Indexing In Your Debugger (.srcfix In Windbg, Tools-> Options-> Debugging-> General-> Enable Source Server Support In Visual Studio) So That The Correct Source Files Will Automatically Be Downloaded Based On Information In The Downloaded Symbols. Additionally, You Must Have Python In Your Path In Order For The Command That Fetches Source Files To Succeed; Launching The Debugger From The Same Environment As Where You Build Chromium Is An Easy Way To Ensure It's Present. This Is Highly Recommended When Debugging Released Google Chrome Builds Or Looking At Crash Dumps. Having The Correct Version Of The Source Files Automatically Show Up Saves Significant Time So You Should Definitely Set This. Multi-process Issues Chromium Can Be Challenging To Debug Because Of Its Multi-process Architecture. When You Select Run In The Debugger, Only The Main Browser Process Will Be Debugged. The Code That Actually Renders Web Pages (the Renderer) And The Plugins Will Be In Separate Processes That's Not (yet!) Being Debugged. The ProcessExplorer Tool Has A Process Tree View Where You Can See How These Processes Are Related. You Can Also Get The Process IDs Associated With Each Tab From The Chrome Task Manager (right-click On An Empty Area Of The Window Title Bar To Open). Automatically Attach To Child Processes There Are Two Visual Studio Extensions That Enable The Debugger To Automatically Attach To All Chrome Processes, So You Can Debug All Of Chrome At Once. Microsoft's Child Process Debugging Power Tool Is A Standalone Extension For This, And VsChromium Is Another Option That Bundles Many Other Additional Features. In Addition To Installing One Of These Extensions, You Must Run Visual Studio As Administrator, Or It Will Silently Fail To Attach To Some Of Chrome's Child Processes. Single-process Mode One Way To Debug Issues Is To Run Chromium In Single-process Mode. This Will Allow You To See The Entire State Of The Program Without Extra Work (although It Will Still Have Many Threads). To Use Single-process Mode, Add The Command-line Flag --single-process This Approach Isn't Perfect Because Some Problems Won't Manifest Themselves In This Mode And Some Features Don't Work And Worker Threads Are Still Spawned Into New Processes. Manually Attaching To A Child Process You Can Attach To The Running Child Processes With The Debugger. Select Tools > Attach To Process And Click The Chrome.exe Process You Want To Attach To. Before Attaching, Make Sure You Have Selected Only Native Code When Attaching To The Process This Is Done By Clicking Select... In The Attach To Process Window And Only Checking Native. If You Forget This, It May Attempt To Attach In "WebKit" Mode To Debug JavaScript, And You'll Get An Error Message "An Operation Is Not Legal In The Current State." You Can Now Debug The Two Processes As If They Were One. When You Are Debugging Multiple Processes, Open The Debug > Windows > Processes Window To Switch Between Them. Sometimes You Are Debugging Something That Only Happens On Startup, And Want To See The Child Process As Soon As It Starts. Use: --renderer-startup-dialog --no-sandbox You Have To Disable The Sandbox Or The Dialog Box Will Be Prohibited From Showing. When The Dialog Appears, Visit Tools > Attach To Process And Attach To The Process Showing The Renderer Startup Dialog. Now You're Debugging In The Renderer And Can Continue Execution By Pressing OK In The Dialog. Startup Dialogs Also Exist For Other Child Process Types: --gpu-startup-dialog, --ppapi-startup-dialog, --utility-startup-dialog, --plugin-startup-dialog (for NPAPI). For Utilities, You Can Add A Service Type --utility-startup-dialog=data_decoder.mojom.DataDecoderService. You Can Also Try The Vs-chromium Plug-in To Attach To The Right Processes. Semi-automatically Attaching The Debugger To Child Processes The Following Flags Cause Child Processes To Wait For 60 Seconds In A Busy Loop For A Debugger To Attach To The Process. Once Either Condition Is True, It Continues On; No Exception Is Thrown. --wait-for-debugger-children[=filter] The Filter, If Provided, Will Fire Only If It Matches The --type Parameter To The Process. Values Include Renderer, Plugin (for NPAPI), Ppapi, Gpu-process, And Utility. When Using This Option, It May Be Helpful To Limit The Number Of Renderer Processes Spawned, Using: --renderer-process-limit=1 Image File Execution Options Using Image File Execution Options (IFEO) Will Not Work Because CreateProcess() Returns The Handle To The Debugger Process Instead Of The Intended Child Process. There Are Also Issues With The Sandbox. Time Travel Debugging You Can Do Time Travel Debugging Using WinDbg Preview (must Be Installed From The Microsoft Store). This Lets You Execute A Program Forward And Backwards. After Capturing A Trace, You Can Set Breakpoints And Step Through Code As Normal, But Also Provides 'backwards' Commands (g-, T-, P-) So That You Can Go Back And Forth Through The Execution. It Is Especially Useful To Set Data Breakpoints (ba Command) And Reverse Continuing, So You Can See When A Certain Variable Was Last Changed To Its Current Value. Chromium Specifics: The Type Of Injection The Time Travel Tracer Needs To Perform Is Incompatible With The Chromium Sandbox. In Order To Record A Trace, You'll Need To Run With --no-sandbox. Chromium Cannot Run Elevated With Administrator Privileges, So The "Launch Executable (advance)" Option Won't Work, You'll Need To Attach After The Process Has Already Launched Via The Checkbox In The Bottom Right. If You Need To Record Startup-like Things, You'll Have To Use --{browser,gpu,renderer,utility}-startup-dialog, Then Attach (and Hope The Relevant Code Hasn't Executed Before That Point). JsDbg -- Data Structure Visualization You Can Install JsDbg As A Plugin For WinDbg Or Visual Studio. It Interactively Lets You Look At Data Structures (such As The DOM Tree, Accessibility Tree, Layout Object Tree, And Others) In A Web Browser As You Debug. See The JsDbg Site For Some Screen Shots And Usage Examples. This Also Works When Examining Memory Dumps (though Not Minidumps), And Also Works Together With Time Travel Debugging. Visual Studio Hints Debug Visualizers Chrome's Custom Debug Visualizers Should Be Added To The Pdb Files And Automatically Picked Up By Visual Studio. The Definitions Are In //tools/win/DebugVisualizers If You Need To Modify Them (the BUILD.gn File There Has Additional Instructions). Don't Step Into Trivial Functions The Debugger Can Be Configured To Automatically Not Step Into Functions Based On Regular Expression. Edit Default.natstepfilter In The Following Directory: For Visual Studio 2015: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\Common7\Packages\Debugger\Visualizers (for All Users) Or %USERPROFILE%\My Documents\Visual Studio 2015\Visualizers (for The Current User Only) For Visual Studio 2017 Pro: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Professional\Common7\Packages\Debugger\Visualizers (for All Users) Or %USERPROFILE%\My Documents\Visual Studio 2017\Visualizers (for The Current User Only) Add Regular Expressions Of Functions To Not Step Into. Remember To Regex-escape And XML-escape Them, E.g. < For < And \. For A Literal Dot. Example: Operator New NoStepInto Operator Delete NoStepInto Std::.* NoStepInto WTF::.*Ptr ::.* NoStepInto This File Is Read At Start Of A Debugging Session (F5), So You Don't Need To Restart Visual Studio After Changing It. More Info: Microsoft Email Thread V8 And Chromium V8 Supports Many Command-line Flags That Are Useful For Debugging. V8 Command-line Flags Can Be Set Via The Chromium Command-line Flag --js-flags; For Instance: Chrome.exe --js-flags="--trace_exception --heap_stats" Note That Some V8 Command-line Flags Exist Only In The Debug Build Of V8. For A List Of All V8 Flags Try: Chrome.exe --js-flags="--help" Graphics Debugging GPU Acceleration Of Rendering Can Be More Easily Debugged With Tools. See: Graphics Debugging In Visual Studio 2013 Graphical Debugging With NVIDIA NSight Debugging On Another Machine Sometimes It's Useful To Debug Installation And Execution On A Machine Other Than Your Primary Build Box. To Run The Installer On Said Other Machine, First Build The Mini_installer Target On Your Main Build Machine (e.g., Autoninja -C Out\Debug Mini_installer). Next, On The Debug Machine: Make The Build Machine's Build Volume Available On The Debug Machine Either By Mounting It Locally (e.g., Z:\) Or By Crafting A UNC Path To It (e.g., \\builder\src) Open Up A Command Prompt And Change To A Local Disk Run Src\tools\win\copy-installer.bat In The Remote Checkout By Way Of The Mount (e.g., Z:\PATHTOCHECKOUT\src\...) Or UNC Path (e.g., \\builder\src\...). This Will Copy The Installer, DLLs, And PDBs Into Your Debug Machine's C:\out Or C:\build (depending On If You're Rocking The Component=shared_library Build Or Not) Run C:\out\Debug\mini_installer.exe With The Flags Of Your Choice To Install Chrome. This Can Take Some Time, Especially On A Slow Machine. Watch The Task Manager And Wait Until Mini_installer.exe Exits Before Trying To Launch Chrome (by Way Of The Shortcut(s) Created By The Installer) For Extra Pleasure, Add C:\out\Debug To Your _NT_SYMBOL_PATH Environment Variable Consider Reading The Documentation At The Top Of Copy-installer.bat To See How You Can Run It. It Tries To Be Smart And Copy The Right Things, But You May Need To Be Explicit (e.g., "copy-installer.bat Out Debug"). It Is Safe To Re-run The Script To Copy Only Modified Files (after A Rebuild, For Example). You Can Also Use The Zip Action Of The Isolate Scripts (tools\mb\mb.py) To Package All The Files For A Target Into A Single Zip File, For Example: Python Tools\mb\mb.py Zip Out/Release Base_unittests Base_unittests.zip Finding All Memory Allocations It Is Possible To Use Heap Snapshots To Get Call Stacks On All Outstanding Allocations That Use The OS Heap. This Works Particularly Well If Heap Snapshots Are Started As Soon As The Chrome Browser Process Is Created, But Before It Starts Running. Details Can Be Found In This Batch File. However, With PartitionAlloc Everywhere Most Chromium Allocations No Longer Use The Windows Heap So This Will Only Find A Subset Of Allocations, Mostly From OS DLLs. Find Memory Leaks Note: As With Heap Snapshots The Utility Of UMDH Is Greatly Reduced Now Because PartitionAlloc Everywhere Has Mostly Replaced The Windows Heap. The Windows Heap Manager Has A Really Useful Debug Flag, Where It Can Be Asked To Capture And Store A Stack Trace With Every Allocation. The Tool To Scrape These Stack Traces Out Of Processes Is UMDH, Which Comes With WinDbg. UMDH Is Great. It Will Capture A Snapshot Of The Heap State As Many Times As You Like, And It'll Do It Fairly Quickly. You Then Run It Again Against Either A Single Snapshot, Or A Pair Of Snapshots, At Which Time It'll Symbolize The Stack Traces And Aggregate Usage Up To Unique Stack Traces. Turning On The User Stack Trace Database For Chrome.exe With Gflags.exe Makes It Run Unbearably Slowly; However, Turning On The User Stack Trace Database On For The Browser Alone Is Just Fine. While It's Possible To Turn On The User Stack Database With The "!gflag" Debugging Extension, It's Too Late To Do This By The Time The Initial Debugger Breakpoint Hits. The Only Reasonable Way To Do This Is To Launch GFlags.exe, Enable The User Stack Trace Database (per Image Below), Launch Chrome Under The Debugger. Set A Breakpont When Chrome.dll Loads With "sxe Ld Chrome.dll". Step Up, To Allow Chrome.dll To Initialize. Disable The Stack Trace Database In GFlags.exe. Continue Chrome, Optionally Detaching The Debugger. Image GFlags.exe Settings For User Mode Stack Trace Database. If You Then Ever Suffer A Browser Memory Leak, You Can Snarf A Dump Of The Process With Umdh -p: > Chrome-browser-leak-umdh-dump.txt Which Can Then Typically Be "trivially" Analyzed To Find The Culprit. Miscellaneous Note That By Default Application Verifier Only Works With Non-official Builds Of Chromium. To Use Application Verifier On Official Builds You Need To Add --disable-features=RendererCodeIntegrity To Avoid Sandbox Crashes In Renderer Processes. See Crbug.com/1004989 For Details. See Also This Page. Application Verifier Is A Free Tool From Microsoft (available As Part Of The Windows SDK) That Can Be Used To Flush Out Programming Errors. Starting With M68 Application Verifier Can Be Enabled For Chrome.exe Without Needing To Disable The Sandbox. After Adding Chrome.exe To The List Of Applications To Be Stressed You Need To Expand The List Of Basics Checks And Disable The Leak Checks. You May Also Need To Disable Handles And Locks Checks Depending On Your Graphics Driver And Specific Chrome Version, But The Eventual Goal Is To Have Chrome Run With Handles And Locks Checks Enabled. When Bugs Are Found Chrome Will Trigger A Breakpoint So Running All Chrome Processes Under A Debugger Is Recommended. Chrome Will Run Much More Slowly Because Application Verifier Puts Every Heap Allocation On A Separate Page. Note That With PartitionAlloc Everywhere Most Chromium Allocations Don't Actually Go Through The Windows Heap And Are Therefore Unaffected By Application Verifier. You Can Check The Undocumented 'Cuzz' Checkbox In Application Verifier To Get The Windows Thread Scheduler To Add Some Extra Randomness In Order To Help Expose Race Conditions In Your Code. To Put A Breakpoint On CreateFile(), Add This Break Point: {,,kernel32.dll}_CreateFileW@28 {,,kernel32.dll} Specifies The DLL (context Operator). _ Prefix Means Extern "C". @28 Postfix Means _stdcall With The Stack Pop At The End Of The Function. I.e. The Number Of Arguments In BYTES. You Can Use DebugView From SysInternals Or Sawbuck To View LOG() Messages That Normally Go To Stderr On POSIX.” Metadata:
- Title: ➤ The Chromium Logo The Chromium Projects Home Chromium ChromiumOS Quick Links Report Bugs Discuss Other Sites Chromium Blog Google Chrome Extensions Except As Otherwise Noted, The Content Of This Page Is Licensed Under A Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 License, And Examples Are Licensed Under The BSD License. Privacy Edit This Page For Developers > How-Tos > Debugging Chromium On Windows First See Get The Code For Checkout And Build Instructions. Getting Started You Can Use Visual Studio's Built-in Debugger Or WinDBG To Debug Chromium. You Don't Need To Use The IDE To Build In Order To Use The Debugger: Autoninja Is Used To Build Chromium And Most Developers Invoke It From A Command Prompt, And Then Open The IDE For Debugging As Necessary. To Start Debugging An Already-built Executable With Visual Studio Just Launch Visual Studio (2019 Or Higher) And Select File-> Open-> Project/Solution (Ctrl+Shift+O) And Select The Executable Of Interest. This Will Create A Solution With That Executable As The 'project'. You Can Then Launch The Debugger With F5 Or F11 Or From The Debug Menu. If You Right-click On The Executable In Solution Explorer And Select Properties Then You Can Edit Things Such As The Executable Path, Command-line Arguments, And Working Directory. You Can Add Additional Executables To The Solution By Using File-> Add-> Existing Project And Selecting Another Already-built Executable. You Can Select Which One To Debug By Right-clicking On One Of Them In Solution Explorer And Selecting Set As Startup Project. When Your Solution File Is Customized To Your Taste You Can Save It To A Directory Such As Out\solutions. Saving It There Helps Ensure That Relative Paths To Source Files, Printed From Build Commands, Will Correctly Identify The Source Files. The Tools Menu Can Be Used To Add Commands To Do Things Like Invoke Autoninja To Build Chrome, Compile The Selected Source File, Or Other Things. Visual Studio 2017 Is Not Recommended For Debugging Of Chromium - Use A Newer Version For Best Performance And Stability. Symbol_level=2 Is The Default On Windows And Gives Full Debugging Information With Types, Locals, Globals, Function Names, And Source/line Information. Symbol_level=1 Creates Smaller PDBs With Just Function Names, And Source/line Information - Source-level Debugging Is Still Supported (new From June 2019), But Local Variables And Type Information Are Missing. Symbol_level=0 Gives Extremely Limited Debugging Abilities, Mostly Just Viewing Call Stacks When Chromium Crashes. Browsing Source Code If You Use A Solution File Generated By Gn (gn Gen --ide=vs) Then Intellisense May Help You Navigate The Code. If This Doesn't Work Or If You Use A Solution Created As Above Then You May Want To Install VsChromium To Help Navigate The Code, As Well As Using Https://source.chromium.org. Profiles It's A Good Idea To Use A Different Chrome Profile For Your Debugging. If You Are Debugging Google Chrome Branded Builds, Or Use A Chromium Build As Your Primary Browser, The Profiles Can Collide So You Can't Run Both At Once, And Your Stable Browser Might See Profile Versions From The Future (Google Chrome And Chromium Use Different Profile Directories By Default So Won't Collide). Use The Command-line Option: --user-data-dir=C:\tmp\my_debug_profile (replace The Path As Necessary) Using The IDE, Go To The Debugging Tab Of The Properties Of The Chrome Project, And Set The Command Arguments. Chrome Debug Log Enable Chrome Debug Logging To A File By Passing --enable-logging --v=1 Command-line Flags At Startup. Debug Builds Place The Chrome_debug.log File In The Out\Debug Directory. Release Builds Place The File In The Top Level Of The User Data Chromium App Directory, Which Is OS-version-dependent. For More Information, See Logging And User Data Directory Details. Symbol Server If You Are Debugging Official Google Chrome Release Builds, Use The Symbol Server: Https://chromium-browser-symsrv.commondatastorage.googleapis.com In Visual Studio, This Goes In Tools > Options Under Debugging > Symbols. You Should Set Up A Local Cache In A Empty Directory On Your Computer. In Windbg You Can Add This To Your Symbol Server Search Path With The Command Below, Where C:\symbols Is A Local Cache Directory: .sympath+ SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://chromium-browser-symsrv.commondatastorage.googleapis.com Alternately, You Can Set The _NT_SYMBOL_PATH Environment Variable To Include Both The Microsoft And Google Symbol Servers - VS, Windbg, And Other Tools Should Both Respect This Environment Variable: _NT_SYMBOL_PATH=SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://msdl.microsoft.com/download/symbols;SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://chromium-browser-symsrv.commondatastorage.googleapis.com Note That Symbol Servers Will Let The Debuggers Download Both The PE Files (DLLs And EXEs) And The PDB Files. Chrome Often Loads Third Party Libraries And Partial Symbols For Some Of These Are Also Public. For Example: AMD: Https://download.amd.com/dir/bin Nvidia: Https://driver-symbols.nvidia.com/ Intel: Https://software.intel.com/sites/downloads/symbols/ For Example, For Completeness, The Following Symbol Server Environment Variable Will Resolve All Of The Above Sources - But This Is More Than Is Normally Needed: _NT_SYMBOL_PATH=SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://msdl.microsoft.com/download/symbols;SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://chromium-browser-symsrv.commondatastorage.googleapis.com;SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://download.amd.com/dir/bin;SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://driver-symbols.nvidia.com/;SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://software.intel.com/sites/downloads/symbols/ Source Indexing You Should Set Up Source Indexing In Your Debugger (.srcfix In Windbg, Tools-> Options-> Debugging-> General-> Enable Source Server Support In Visual Studio) So That The Correct Source Files Will Automatically Be Downloaded Based On Information In The Downloaded Symbols. Additionally, You Must Have Python In Your Path In Order For The Command That Fetches Source Files To Succeed; Launching The Debugger From The Same Environment As Where You Build Chromium Is An Easy Way To Ensure It's Present. This Is Highly Recommended When Debugging Released Google Chrome Builds Or Looking At Crash Dumps. Having The Correct Version Of The Source Files Automatically Show Up Saves Significant Time So You Should Definitely Set This. Multi-process Issues Chromium Can Be Challenging To Debug Because Of Its Multi-process Architecture. When You Select Run In The Debugger, Only The Main Browser Process Will Be Debugged. The Code That Actually Renders Web Pages (the Renderer) And The Plugins Will Be In Separate Processes That's Not (yet!) Being Debugged. The ProcessExplorer Tool Has A Process Tree View Where You Can See How These Processes Are Related. You Can Also Get The Process IDs Associated With Each Tab From The Chrome Task Manager (right-click On An Empty Area Of The Window Title Bar To Open). Automatically Attach To Child Processes There Are Two Visual Studio Extensions That Enable The Debugger To Automatically Attach To All Chrome Processes, So You Can Debug All Of Chrome At Once. Microsoft's Child Process Debugging Power Tool Is A Standalone Extension For This, And VsChromium Is Another Option That Bundles Many Other Additional Features. In Addition To Installing One Of These Extensions, You Must Run Visual Studio As Administrator, Or It Will Silently Fail To Attach To Some Of Chrome's Child Processes. Single-process Mode One Way To Debug Issues Is To Run Chromium In Single-process Mode. This Will Allow You To See The Entire State Of The Program Without Extra Work (although It Will Still Have Many Threads). To Use Single-process Mode, Add The Command-line Flag --single-process This Approach Isn't Perfect Because Some Problems Won't Manifest Themselves In This Mode And Some Features Don't Work And Worker Threads Are Still Spawned Into New Processes. Manually Attaching To A Child Process You Can Attach To The Running Child Processes With The Debugger. Select Tools > Attach To Process And Click The Chrome.exe Process You Want To Attach To. Before Attaching, Make Sure You Have Selected Only Native Code When Attaching To The Process This Is Done By Clicking Select... In The Attach To Process Window And Only Checking Native. If You Forget This, It May Attempt To Attach In "WebKit" Mode To Debug JavaScript, And You'll Get An Error Message "An Operation Is Not Legal In The Current State." You Can Now Debug The Two Processes As If They Were One. When You Are Debugging Multiple Processes, Open The Debug > Windows > Processes Window To Switch Between Them. Sometimes You Are Debugging Something That Only Happens On Startup, And Want To See The Child Process As Soon As It Starts. Use: --renderer-startup-dialog --no-sandbox You Have To Disable The Sandbox Or The Dialog Box Will Be Prohibited From Showing. When The Dialog Appears, Visit Tools > Attach To Process And Attach To The Process Showing The Renderer Startup Dialog. Now You're Debugging In The Renderer And Can Continue Execution By Pressing OK In The Dialog. Startup Dialogs Also Exist For Other Child Process Types: --gpu-startup-dialog, --ppapi-startup-dialog, --utility-startup-dialog, --plugin-startup-dialog (for NPAPI). For Utilities, You Can Add A Service Type --utility-startup-dialog=data_decoder.mojom.DataDecoderService. You Can Also Try The Vs-chromium Plug-in To Attach To The Right Processes. Semi-automatically Attaching The Debugger To Child Processes The Following Flags Cause Child Processes To Wait For 60 Seconds In A Busy Loop For A Debugger To Attach To The Process. Once Either Condition Is True, It Continues On; No Exception Is Thrown. --wait-for-debugger-children[=filter] The Filter, If Provided, Will Fire Only If It Matches The --type Parameter To The Process. Values Include Renderer, Plugin (for NPAPI), Ppapi, Gpu-process, And Utility. When Using This Option, It May Be Helpful To Limit The Number Of Renderer Processes Spawned, Using: --renderer-process-limit=1 Image File Execution Options Using Image File Execution Options (IFEO) Will Not Work Because CreateProcess() Returns The Handle To The Debugger Process Instead Of The Intended Child Process. There Are Also Issues With The Sandbox. Time Travel Debugging You Can Do Time Travel Debugging Using WinDbg Preview (must Be Installed From The Microsoft Store). This Lets You Execute A Program Forward And Backwards. After Capturing A Trace, You Can Set Breakpoints And Step Through Code As Normal, But Also Provides 'backwards' Commands (g-, T-, P-) So That You Can Go Back And Forth Through The Execution. It Is Especially Useful To Set Data Breakpoints (ba Command) And Reverse Continuing, So You Can See When A Certain Variable Was Last Changed To Its Current Value. Chromium Specifics: The Type Of Injection The Time Travel Tracer Needs To Perform Is Incompatible With The Chromium Sandbox. In Order To Record A Trace, You'll Need To Run With --no-sandbox. Chromium Cannot Run Elevated With Administrator Privileges, So The "Launch Executable (advance)" Option Won't Work, You'll Need To Attach After The Process Has Already Launched Via The Checkbox In The Bottom Right. If You Need To Record Startup-like Things, You'll Have To Use --{browser,gpu,renderer,utility}-startup-dialog, Then Attach (and Hope The Relevant Code Hasn't Executed Before That Point). JsDbg -- Data Structure Visualization You Can Install JsDbg As A Plugin For WinDbg Or Visual Studio. It Interactively Lets You Look At Data Structures (such As The DOM Tree, Accessibility Tree, Layout Object Tree, And Others) In A Web Browser As You Debug. See The JsDbg Site For Some Screen Shots And Usage Examples. This Also Works When Examining Memory Dumps (though Not Minidumps), And Also Works Together With Time Travel Debugging. Visual Studio Hints Debug Visualizers Chrome's Custom Debug Visualizers Should Be Added To The Pdb Files And Automatically Picked Up By Visual Studio. The Definitions Are In //tools/win/DebugVisualizers If You Need To Modify Them (the BUILD.gn File There Has Additional Instructions). Don't Step Into Trivial Functions The Debugger Can Be Configured To Automatically Not Step Into Functions Based On Regular Expression. Edit Default.natstepfilter In The Following Directory: For Visual Studio 2015: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\Common7\Packages\Debugger\Visualizers (for All Users) Or %USERPROFILE%\My Documents\Visual Studio 2015\Visualizers (for The Current User Only) For Visual Studio 2017 Pro: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Professional\Common7\Packages\Debugger\Visualizers (for All Users) Or %USERPROFILE%\My Documents\Visual Studio 2017\Visualizers (for The Current User Only) Add Regular Expressions Of Functions To Not Step Into. Remember To Regex-escape And XML-escape Them, E.g. < For < And \. For A Literal Dot. Example: Operator New NoStepInto Operator Delete NoStepInto Std::.* NoStepInto WTF::.*Ptr ::.* NoStepInto This File Is Read At Start Of A Debugging Session (F5), So You Don't Need To Restart Visual Studio After Changing It. More Info: Microsoft Email Thread V8 And Chromium V8 Supports Many Command-line Flags That Are Useful For Debugging. V8 Command-line Flags Can Be Set Via The Chromium Command-line Flag --js-flags; For Instance: Chrome.exe --js-flags="--trace_exception --heap_stats" Note That Some V8 Command-line Flags Exist Only In The Debug Build Of V8. For A List Of All V8 Flags Try: Chrome.exe --js-flags="--help" Graphics Debugging GPU Acceleration Of Rendering Can Be More Easily Debugged With Tools. See: Graphics Debugging In Visual Studio 2013 Graphical Debugging With NVIDIA NSight Debugging On Another Machine Sometimes It's Useful To Debug Installation And Execution On A Machine Other Than Your Primary Build Box. To Run The Installer On Said Other Machine, First Build The Mini_installer Target On Your Main Build Machine (e.g., Autoninja -C Out\Debug Mini_installer). Next, On The Debug Machine: Make The Build Machine's Build Volume Available On The Debug Machine Either By Mounting It Locally (e.g., Z:\) Or By Crafting A UNC Path To It (e.g., \\builder\src) Open Up A Command Prompt And Change To A Local Disk Run Src\tools\win\copy-installer.bat In The Remote Checkout By Way Of The Mount (e.g., Z:\PATHTOCHECKOUT\src\...) Or UNC Path (e.g., \\builder\src\...). This Will Copy The Installer, DLLs, And PDBs Into Your Debug Machine's C:\out Or C:\build (depending On If You're Rocking The Component=shared_library Build Or Not) Run C:\out\Debug\mini_installer.exe With The Flags Of Your Choice To Install Chrome. This Can Take Some Time, Especially On A Slow Machine. Watch The Task Manager And Wait Until Mini_installer.exe Exits Before Trying To Launch Chrome (by Way Of The Shortcut(s) Created By The Installer) For Extra Pleasure, Add C:\out\Debug To Your _NT_SYMBOL_PATH Environment Variable Consider Reading The Documentation At The Top Of Copy-installer.bat To See How You Can Run It. It Tries To Be Smart And Copy The Right Things, But You May Need To Be Explicit (e.g., "copy-installer.bat Out Debug"). It Is Safe To Re-run The Script To Copy Only Modified Files (after A Rebuild, For Example). You Can Also Use The Zip Action Of The Isolate Scripts (tools\mb\mb.py) To Package All The Files For A Target Into A Single Zip File, For Example: Python Tools\mb\mb.py Zip Out/Release Base_unittests Base_unittests.zip Finding All Memory Allocations It Is Possible To Use Heap Snapshots To Get Call Stacks On All Outstanding Allocations That Use The OS Heap. This Works Particularly Well If Heap Snapshots Are Started As Soon As The Chrome Browser Process Is Created, But Before It Starts Running. Details Can Be Found In This Batch File. However, With PartitionAlloc Everywhere Most Chromium Allocations No Longer Use The Windows Heap So This Will Only Find A Subset Of Allocations, Mostly From OS DLLs. Find Memory Leaks Note: As With Heap Snapshots The Utility Of UMDH Is Greatly Reduced Now Because PartitionAlloc Everywhere Has Mostly Replaced The Windows Heap. The Windows Heap Manager Has A Really Useful Debug Flag, Where It Can Be Asked To Capture And Store A Stack Trace With Every Allocation. The Tool To Scrape These Stack Traces Out Of Processes Is UMDH, Which Comes With WinDbg. UMDH Is Great. It Will Capture A Snapshot Of The Heap State As Many Times As You Like, And It'll Do It Fairly Quickly. You Then Run It Again Against Either A Single Snapshot, Or A Pair Of Snapshots, At Which Time It'll Symbolize The Stack Traces And Aggregate Usage Up To Unique Stack Traces. Turning On The User Stack Trace Database For Chrome.exe With Gflags.exe Makes It Run Unbearably Slowly; However, Turning On The User Stack Trace Database On For The Browser Alone Is Just Fine. While It's Possible To Turn On The User Stack Database With The "!gflag" Debugging Extension, It's Too Late To Do This By The Time The Initial Debugger Breakpoint Hits. The Only Reasonable Way To Do This Is To Launch GFlags.exe, Enable The User Stack Trace Database (per Image Below), Launch Chrome Under The Debugger. Set A Breakpont When Chrome.dll Loads With "sxe Ld Chrome.dll". Step Up, To Allow Chrome.dll To Initialize. Disable The Stack Trace Database In GFlags.exe. Continue Chrome, Optionally Detaching The Debugger. Image GFlags.exe Settings For User Mode Stack Trace Database. If You Then Ever Suffer A Browser Memory Leak, You Can Snarf A Dump Of The Process With Umdh -p: > Chrome-browser-leak-umdh-dump.txt Which Can Then Typically Be "trivially" Analyzed To Find The Culprit. Miscellaneous Note That By Default Application Verifier Only Works With Non-official Builds Of Chromium. To Use Application Verifier On Official Builds You Need To Add --disable-features=RendererCodeIntegrity To Avoid Sandbox Crashes In Renderer Processes. See Crbug.com/1004989 For Details. See Also This Page. Application Verifier Is A Free Tool From Microsoft (available As Part Of The Windows SDK) That Can Be Used To Flush Out Programming Errors. Starting With M68 Application Verifier Can Be Enabled For Chrome.exe Without Needing To Disable The Sandbox. After Adding Chrome.exe To The List Of Applications To Be Stressed You Need To Expand The List Of Basics Checks And Disable The Leak Checks. You May Also Need To Disable Handles And Locks Checks Depending On Your Graphics Driver And Specific Chrome Version, But The Eventual Goal Is To Have Chrome Run With Handles And Locks Checks Enabled. When Bugs Are Found Chrome Will Trigger A Breakpoint So Running All Chrome Processes Under A Debugger Is Recommended. Chrome Will Run Much More Slowly Because Application Verifier Puts Every Heap Allocation On A Separate Page. Note That With PartitionAlloc Everywhere Most Chromium Allocations Don't Actually Go Through The Windows Heap And Are Therefore Unaffected By Application Verifier. You Can Check The Undocumented 'Cuzz' Checkbox In Application Verifier To Get The Windows Thread Scheduler To Add Some Extra Randomness In Order To Help Expose Race Conditions In Your Code. To Put A Breakpoint On CreateFile(), Add This Break Point: {,,kernel32.dll}_CreateFileW@28 {,,kernel32.dll} Specifies The DLL (context Operator). _ Prefix Means Extern "C". @28 Postfix Means _stdcall With The Stack Pop At The End Of The Function. I.e. The Number Of Arguments In BYTES. You Can Use DebugView From SysInternals Or Sawbuck To View LOG() Messages That Normally Go To Stderr On POSIX.
“The Chromium Logo The Chromium Projects Home Chromium ChromiumOS Quick Links Report Bugs Discuss Other Sites Chromium Blog Google Chrome Extensions Except As Otherwise Noted, The Content Of This Page Is Licensed Under A Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 License, And Examples Are Licensed Under The BSD License. Privacy Edit This Page For Developers > How-Tos > Debugging Chromium On Windows First See Get The Code For Checkout And Build Instructions. Getting Started You Can Use Visual Studio's Built-in Debugger Or WinDBG To Debug Chromium. You Don't Need To Use The IDE To Build In Order To Use The Debugger: Autoninja Is Used To Build Chromium And Most Developers Invoke It From A Command Prompt, And Then Open The IDE For Debugging As Necessary. To Start Debugging An Already-built Executable With Visual Studio Just Launch Visual Studio (2019 Or Higher) And Select File-> Open-> Project/Solution (Ctrl+Shift+O) And Select The Executable Of Interest. This Will Create A Solution With That Executable As The 'project'. You Can Then Launch The Debugger With F5 Or F11 Or From The Debug Menu. If You Right-click On The Executable In Solution Explorer And Select Properties Then You Can Edit Things Such As The Executable Path, Command-line Arguments, And Working Directory. You Can Add Additional Executables To The Solution By Using File-> Add-> Existing Project And Selecting Another Already-built Executable. You Can Select Which One To Debug By Right-clicking On One Of Them In Solution Explorer And Selecting Set As Startup Project. When Your Solution File Is Customized To Your Taste You Can Save It To A Directory Such As Out\solutions. Saving It There Helps Ensure That Relative Paths To Source Files, Printed From Build Commands, Will Correctly Identify The Source Files. The Tools Menu Can Be Used To Add Commands To Do Things Like Invoke Autoninja To Build Chrome, Compile The Selected Source File, Or Other Things. Visual Studio 2017 Is Not Recommended For Debugging Of Chromium - Use A Newer Version For Best Performance And Stability. Symbol_level=2 Is The Default On Windows And Gives Full Debugging Information With Types, Locals, Globals, Function Names, And Source/line Information. Symbol_level=1 Creates Smaller PDBs With Just Function Names, And Source/line Information - Source-level Debugging Is Still Supported (new From June 2019), But Local Variables And Type Information Are Missing. Symbol_level=0 Gives Extremely Limited Debugging Abilities, Mostly Just Viewing Call Stacks When Chromium Crashes. Browsing Source Code If You Use A Solution File Generated By Gn (gn Gen --ide=vs) Then Intellisense May Help You Navigate The Code. If This Doesn't Work Or If You Use A Solution Created As Above Then You May Want To Install VsChromium To Help Navigate The Code, As Well As Using Https://source.chromium.org. Profiles It's A Good Idea To Use A Different Chrome Profile For Your Debugging. If You Are Debugging Google Chrome Branded Builds, Or Use A Chromium Build As Your Primary Browser, The Profiles Can Collide So You Can't Run Both At Once, And Your Stable Browser Might See Profile Versions From The Future (Google Chrome And Chromium Use Different Profile Directories By Default So Won't Collide). Use The Command-line Option: --user-data-dir=C:\tmp\my_debug_profile (replace The Path As Necessary) Using The IDE, Go To The Debugging Tab Of The Properties Of The Chrome Project, And Set The Command Arguments. Chrome Debug Log Enable Chrome Debug Logging To A File By Passing --enable-logging --v=1 Command-line Flags At Startup. Debug Builds Place The Chrome_debug.log File In The Out\Debug Directory. Release Builds Place The File In The Top Level Of The User Data Chromium App Directory, Which Is OS-version-dependent. For More Information, See Logging And User Data Directory Details. Symbol Server If You Are Debugging Official Google Chrome Release Builds, Use The Symbol Server: Https://chromium-browser-symsrv.commondatastorage.googleapis.com In Visual Studio, This Goes In Tools > Options Under Debugging > Symbols. You Should Set Up A Local Cache In A Empty Directory On Your Computer. In Windbg You Can Add This To Your Symbol Server Search Path With The Command Below, Where C:\symbols Is A Local Cache Directory: .sympath+ SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://chromium-browser-symsrv.commondatastorage.googleapis.com Alternately, You Can Set The _NT_SYMBOL_PATH Environment Variable To Include Both The Microsoft And Google Symbol Servers - VS, Windbg, And Other Tools Should Both Respect This Environment Variable: _NT_SYMBOL_PATH=SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://msdl.microsoft.com/download/symbols;SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://chromium-browser-symsrv.commondatastorage.googleapis.com Note That Symbol Servers Will Let The Debuggers Download Both The PE Files (DLLs And EXEs) And The PDB Files. Chrome Often Loads Third Party Libraries And Partial Symbols For Some Of These Are Also Public. For Example: AMD: Https://download.amd.com/dir/bin Nvidia: Https://driver-symbols.nvidia.com/ Intel: Https://software.intel.com/sites/downloads/symbols/ For Example, For Completeness, The Following Symbol Server Environment Variable Will Resolve All Of The Above Sources - But This Is More Than Is Normally Needed: _NT_SYMBOL_PATH=SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://msdl.microsoft.com/download/symbols;SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://chromium-browser-symsrv.commondatastorage.googleapis.com;SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://download.amd.com/dir/bin;SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://driver-symbols.nvidia.com/;SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://software.intel.com/sites/downloads/symbols/ Source Indexing You Should Set Up Source Indexing In Your Debugger (.srcfix In Windbg, Tools-> Options-> Debugging-> General-> Enable Source Server Support In Visual Studio) So That The Correct Source Files Will Automatically Be Downloaded Based On Information In The Downloaded Symbols. Additionally, You Must Have Python In Your Path In Order For The Command That Fetches Source Files To Succeed; Launching The Debugger From The Same Environment As Where You Build Chromium Is An Easy Way To Ensure It's Present. This Is Highly Recommended When Debugging Released Google Chrome Builds Or Looking At Crash Dumps. Having The Correct Version Of The Source Files Automatically Show Up Saves Significant Time So You Should Definitely Set This. Multi-process Issues Chromium Can Be Challenging To Debug Because Of Its Multi-process Architecture. When You Select Run In The Debugger, Only The Main Browser Process Will Be Debugged. The Code That Actually Renders Web Pages (the Renderer) And The Plugins Will Be In Separate Processes That's Not (yet!) Being Debugged. The ProcessExplorer Tool Has A Process Tree View Where You Can See How These Processes Are Related. You Can Also Get The Process IDs Associated With Each Tab From The Chrome Task Manager (right-click On An Empty Area Of The Window Title Bar To Open). Automatically Attach To Child Processes There Are Two Visual Studio Extensions That Enable The Debugger To Automatically Attach To All Chrome Processes, So You Can Debug All Of Chrome At Once. Microsoft's Child Process Debugging Power Tool Is A Standalone Extension For This, And VsChromium Is Another Option That Bundles Many Other Additional Features. In Addition To Installing One Of These Extensions, You Must Run Visual Studio As Administrator, Or It Will Silently Fail To Attach To Some Of Chrome's Child Processes. Single-process Mode One Way To Debug Issues Is To Run Chromium In Single-process Mode. This Will Allow You To See The Entire State Of The Program Without Extra Work (although It Will Still Have Many Threads). To Use Single-process Mode, Add The Command-line Flag --single-process This Approach Isn't Perfect Because Some Problems Won't Manifest Themselves In This Mode And Some Features Don't Work And Worker Threads Are Still Spawned Into New Processes. Manually Attaching To A Child Process You Can Attach To The Running Child Processes With The Debugger. Select Tools > Attach To Process And Click The Chrome.exe Process You Want To Attach To. Before Attaching, Make Sure You Have Selected Only Native Code When Attaching To The Process This Is Done By Clicking Select... In The Attach To Process Window And Only Checking Native. If You Forget This, It May Attempt To Attach In "WebKit" Mode To Debug JavaScript, And You'll Get An Error Message "An Operation Is Not Legal In The Current State." You Can Now Debug The Two Processes As If They Were One. When You Are Debugging Multiple Processes, Open The Debug > Windows > Processes Window To Switch Between Them. Sometimes You Are Debugging Something That Only Happens On Startup, And Want To See The Child Process As Soon As It Starts. Use: --renderer-startup-dialog --no-sandbox You Have To Disable The Sandbox Or The Dialog Box Will Be Prohibited From Showing. When The Dialog Appears, Visit Tools > Attach To Process And Attach To The Process Showing The Renderer Startup Dialog. Now You're Debugging In The Renderer And Can Continue Execution By Pressing OK In The Dialog. Startup Dialogs Also Exist For Other Child Process Types: --gpu-startup-dialog, --ppapi-startup-dialog, --utility-startup-dialog, --plugin-startup-dialog (for NPAPI). For Utilities, You Can Add A Service Type --utility-startup-dialog=data_decoder.mojom.DataDecoderService. You Can Also Try The Vs-chromium Plug-in To Attach To The Right Processes. Semi-automatically Attaching The Debugger To Child Processes The Following Flags Cause Child Processes To Wait For 60 Seconds In A Busy Loop For A Debugger To Attach To The Process. Once Either Condition Is True, It Continues On; No Exception Is Thrown. --wait-for-debugger-children[=filter] The Filter, If Provided, Will Fire Only If It Matches The --type Parameter To The Process. Values Include Renderer, Plugin (for NPAPI), Ppapi, Gpu-process, And Utility. When Using This Option, It May Be Helpful To Limit The Number Of Renderer Processes Spawned, Using: --renderer-process-limit=1 Image File Execution Options Using Image File Execution Options (IFEO) Will Not Work Because CreateProcess() Returns The Handle To The Debugger Process Instead Of The Intended Child Process. There Are Also Issues With The Sandbox. Time Travel Debugging You Can Do Time Travel Debugging Using WinDbg Preview (must Be Installed From The Microsoft Store). This Lets You Execute A Program Forward And Backwards. After Capturing A Trace, You Can Set Breakpoints And Step Through Code As Normal, But Also Provides 'backwards' Commands (g-, T-, P-) So That You Can Go Back And Forth Through The Execution. It Is Especially Useful To Set Data Breakpoints (ba Command) And Reverse Continuing, So You Can See When A Certain Variable Was Last Changed To Its Current Value. Chromium Specifics: The Type Of Injection The Time Travel Tracer Needs To Perform Is Incompatible With The Chromium Sandbox. In Order To Record A Trace, You'll Need To Run With --no-sandbox. Chromium Cannot Run Elevated With Administrator Privileges, So The "Launch Executable (advance)" Option Won't Work, You'll Need To Attach After The Process Has Already Launched Via The Checkbox In The Bottom Right. If You Need To Record Startup-like Things, You'll Have To Use --{browser,gpu,renderer,utility}-startup-dialog, Then Attach (and Hope The Relevant Code Hasn't Executed Before That Point). JsDbg -- Data Structure Visualization You Can Install JsDbg As A Plugin For WinDbg Or Visual Studio. It Interactively Lets You Look At Data Structures (such As The DOM Tree, Accessibility Tree, Layout Object Tree, And Others) In A Web Browser As You Debug. See The JsDbg Site For Some Screen Shots And Usage Examples. This Also Works When Examining Memory Dumps (though Not Minidumps), And Also Works Together With Time Travel Debugging. Visual Studio Hints Debug Visualizers Chrome's Custom Debug Visualizers Should Be Added To The Pdb Files And Automatically Picked Up By Visual Studio. The Definitions Are In //tools/win/DebugVisualizers If You Need To Modify Them (the BUILD.gn File There Has Additional Instructions). Don't Step Into Trivial Functions The Debugger Can Be Configured To Automatically Not Step Into Functions Based On Regular Expression. Edit Default.natstepfilter In The Following Directory: For Visual Studio 2015: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\Common7\Packages\Debugger\Visualizers (for All Users) Or %USERPROFILE%\My Documents\Visual Studio 2015\Visualizers (for The Current User Only) For Visual Studio 2017 Pro: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Professional\Common7\Packages\Debugger\Visualizers (for All Users) Or %USERPROFILE%\My Documents\Visual Studio 2017\Visualizers (for The Current User Only) Add Regular Expressions Of Functions To Not Step Into. Remember To Regex-escape And XML-escape Them, E.g. < For < And \. For A Literal Dot. Example: Operator New NoStepInto Operator Delete NoStepInto Std::.* NoStepInto WTF::.*Ptr ::.* NoStepInto This File Is Read At Start Of A Debugging Session (F5), So You Don't Need To Restart Visual Studio After Changing It. More Info: Microsoft Email Thread V8 And Chromium V8 Supports Many Command-line Flags That Are Useful For Debugging. V8 Command-line Flags Can Be Set Via The Chromium Command-line Flag --js-flags; For Instance: Chrome.exe --js-flags="--trace_exception --heap_stats" Note That Some V8 Command-line Flags Exist Only In The Debug Build Of V8. For A List Of All V8 Flags Try: Chrome.exe --js-flags="--help" Graphics Debugging GPU Acceleration Of Rendering Can Be More Easily Debugged With Tools. See: Graphics Debugging In Visual Studio 2013 Graphical Debugging With NVIDIA NSight Debugging On Another Machine Sometimes It's Useful To Debug Installation And Execution On A Machine Other Than Your Primary Build Box. To Run The Installer On Said Other Machine, First Build The Mini_installer Target On Your Main Build Machine (e.g., Autoninja -C Out\Debug Mini_installer). Next, On The Debug Machine: Make The Build Machine's Build Volume Available On The Debug Machine Either By Mounting It Locally (e.g., Z:\) Or By Crafting A UNC Path To It (e.g., \\builder\src) Open Up A Command Prompt And Change To A Local Disk Run Src\tools\win\copy-installer.bat In The Remote Checkout By Way Of The Mount (e.g., Z:\PATHTOCHECKOUT\src\...) Or UNC Path (e.g., \\builder\src\...). This Will Copy The Installer, DLLs, And PDBs Into Your Debug Machine's C:\out Or C:\build (depending On If You're Rocking The Component=shared_library Build Or Not) Run C:\out\Debug\mini_installer.exe With The Flags Of Your Choice To Install Chrome. This Can Take Some Time, Especially On A Slow Machine. Watch The Task Manager And Wait Until Mini_installer.exe Exits Before Trying To Launch Chrome (by Way Of The Shortcut(s) Created By The Installer) For Extra Pleasure, Add C:\out\Debug To Your _NT_SYMBOL_PATH Environment Variable Consider Reading The Documentation At The Top Of Copy-installer.bat To See How You Can Run It. It Tries To Be Smart And Copy The Right Things, But You May Need To Be Explicit (e.g., "copy-installer.bat Out Debug"). It Is Safe To Re-run The Script To Copy Only Modified Files (after A Rebuild, For Example). You Can Also Use The Zip Action Of The Isolate Scripts (tools\mb\mb.py) To Package All The Files For A Target Into A Single Zip File, For Example: Python Tools\mb\mb.py Zip Out/Release Base_unittests Base_unittests.zip Finding All Memory Allocations It Is Possible To Use Heap Snapshots To Get Call Stacks On All Outstanding Allocations That Use The OS Heap. This Works Particularly Well If Heap Snapshots Are Started As Soon As The Chrome Browser Process Is Created, But Before It Starts Running. Details Can Be Found In This Batch File. However, With PartitionAlloc Everywhere Most Chromium Allocations No Longer Use The Windows Heap So This Will Only Find A Subset Of Allocations, Mostly From OS DLLs. Find Memory Leaks Note: As With Heap Snapshots The Utility Of UMDH Is Greatly Reduced Now Because PartitionAlloc Everywhere Has Mostly Replaced The Windows Heap. The Windows Heap Manager Has A Really Useful Debug Flag, Where It Can Be Asked To Capture And Store A Stack Trace With Every Allocation. The Tool To Scrape These Stack Traces Out Of Processes Is UMDH, Which Comes With WinDbg. UMDH Is Great. It Will Capture A Snapshot Of The Heap State As Many Times As You Like, And It'll Do It Fairly Quickly. You Then Run It Again Against Either A Single Snapshot, Or A Pair Of Snapshots, At Which Time It'll Symbolize The Stack Traces And Aggregate Usage Up To Unique Stack Traces. Turning On The User Stack Trace Database For Chrome.exe With Gflags.exe Makes It Run Unbearably Slowly; However, Turning On The User Stack Trace Database On For The Browser Alone Is Just Fine. While It's Possible To Turn On The User Stack Database With The "!gflag" Debugging Extension, It's Too Late To Do This By The Time The Initial Debugger Breakpoint Hits. The Only Reasonable Way To Do This Is To Launch GFlags.exe, Enable The User Stack Trace Database (per Image Below), Launch Chrome Under The Debugger. Set A Breakpont When Chrome.dll Loads With "sxe Ld Chrome.dll". Step Up, To Allow Chrome.dll To Initialize. Disable The Stack Trace Database In GFlags.exe. Continue Chrome, Optionally Detaching The Debugger. Image GFlags.exe Settings For User Mode Stack Trace Database. If You Then Ever Suffer A Browser Memory Leak, You Can Snarf A Dump Of The Process With Umdh -p: > Chrome-browser-leak-umdh-dump.txt Which Can Then Typically Be "trivially" Analyzed To Find The Culprit. Miscellaneous Note That By Default Application Verifier Only Works With Non-official Builds Of Chromium. To Use Application Verifier On Official Builds You Need To Add --disable-features=RendererCodeIntegrity To Avoid Sandbox Crashes In Renderer Processes. See Crbug.com/1004989 For Details. See Also This Page. Application Verifier Is A Free Tool From Microsoft (available As Part Of The Windows SDK) That Can Be Used To Flush Out Programming Errors. Starting With M68 Application Verifier Can Be Enabled For Chrome.exe Without Needing To Disable The Sandbox. After Adding Chrome.exe To The List Of Applications To Be Stressed You Need To Expand The List Of Basics Checks And Disable The Leak Checks. You May Also Need To Disable Handles And Locks Checks Depending On Your Graphics Driver And Specific Chrome Version, But The Eventual Goal Is To Have Chrome Run With Handles And Locks Checks Enabled. When Bugs Are Found Chrome Will Trigger A Breakpoint So Running All Chrome Processes Under A Debugger Is Recommended. Chrome Will Run Much More Slowly Because Application Verifier Puts Every Heap Allocation On A Separate Page. Note That With PartitionAlloc Everywhere Most Chromium Allocations Don't Actually Go Through The Windows Heap And Are Therefore Unaffected By Application Verifier. You Can Check The Undocumented 'Cuzz' Checkbox In Application Verifier To Get The Windows Thread Scheduler To Add Some Extra Randomness In Order To Help Expose Race Conditions In Your Code. To Put A Breakpoint On CreateFile(), Add This Break Point: {,,kernel32.dll}_CreateFileW@28 {,,kernel32.dll} Specifies The DLL (context Operator). _ Prefix Means Extern "C". @28 Postfix Means _stdcall With The Stack Pop At The End Of The Function. I.e. The Number Of Arguments In BYTES. You Can Use DebugView From SysInternals Or Sawbuck To View LOG() Messages That Normally Go To Stderr On POSIX.” Subjects and Themes:
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Find The Chromium Logo The Chromium Projects Home Chromium ChromiumOS Quick Links Report Bugs Discuss Other Sites Chromium Blog Google Chrome Extensions Except As Otherwise Noted, The Content Of This Page Is Licensed Under A Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 License, And Examples Are Licensed Under The BSD License. Privacy Edit This Page For Developers > How-Tos > Debugging Chromium On Windows First See Get The Code For Checkout And Build Instructions. Getting Started You Can Use Visual Studio's Built-in Debugger Or WinDBG To Debug Chromium. You Don't Need To Use The IDE To Build In Order To Use The Debugger: Autoninja Is Used To Build Chromium And Most Developers Invoke It From A Command Prompt, And Then Open The IDE For Debugging As Necessary. To Start Debugging An Already-built Executable With Visual Studio Just Launch Visual Studio (2019 Or Higher) And Select File-> Open-> Project/Solution (Ctrl+Shift+O) And Select The Executable Of Interest. This Will Create A Solution With That Executable As The 'project'. You Can Then Launch The Debugger With F5 Or F11 Or From The Debug Menu. If You Right-click On The Executable In Solution Explorer And Select Properties Then You Can Edit Things Such As The Executable Path, Command-line Arguments, And Working Directory. You Can Add Additional Executables To The Solution By Using File-> Add-> Existing Project And Selecting Another Already-built Executable. You Can Select Which One To Debug By Right-clicking On One Of Them In Solution Explorer And Selecting Set As Startup Project. When Your Solution File Is Customized To Your Taste You Can Save It To A Directory Such As Out\solutions. Saving It There Helps Ensure That Relative Paths To Source Files, Printed From Build Commands, Will Correctly Identify The Source Files. The Tools Menu Can Be Used To Add Commands To Do Things Like Invoke Autoninja To Build Chrome, Compile The Selected Source File, Or Other Things. Visual Studio 2017 Is Not Recommended For Debugging Of Chromium - Use A Newer Version For Best Performance And Stability. Symbol_level=2 Is The Default On Windows And Gives Full Debugging Information With Types, Locals, Globals, Function Names, And Source/line Information. Symbol_level=1 Creates Smaller PDBs With Just Function Names, And Source/line Information - Source-level Debugging Is Still Supported (new From June 2019), But Local Variables And Type Information Are Missing. Symbol_level=0 Gives Extremely Limited Debugging Abilities, Mostly Just Viewing Call Stacks When Chromium Crashes. Browsing Source Code If You Use A Solution File Generated By Gn (gn Gen --ide=vs) Then Intellisense May Help You Navigate The Code. If This Doesn't Work Or If You Use A Solution Created As Above Then You May Want To Install VsChromium To Help Navigate The Code, As Well As Using Https://source.chromium.org. Profiles It's A Good Idea To Use A Different Chrome Profile For Your Debugging. If You Are Debugging Google Chrome Branded Builds, Or Use A Chromium Build As Your Primary Browser, The Profiles Can Collide So You Can't Run Both At Once, And Your Stable Browser Might See Profile Versions From The Future (Google Chrome And Chromium Use Different Profile Directories By Default So Won't Collide). Use The Command-line Option: --user-data-dir=C:\tmp\my_debug_profile (replace The Path As Necessary) Using The IDE, Go To The Debugging Tab Of The Properties Of The Chrome Project, And Set The Command Arguments. Chrome Debug Log Enable Chrome Debug Logging To A File By Passing --enable-logging --v=1 Command-line Flags At Startup. Debug Builds Place The Chrome_debug.log File In The Out\Debug Directory. Release Builds Place The File In The Top Level Of The User Data Chromium App Directory, Which Is OS-version-dependent. For More Information, See Logging And User Data Directory Details. Symbol Server If You Are Debugging Official Google Chrome Release Builds, Use The Symbol Server: Https://chromium-browser-symsrv.commondatastorage.googleapis.com In Visual Studio, This Goes In Tools > Options Under Debugging > Symbols. You Should Set Up A Local Cache In A Empty Directory On Your Computer. In Windbg You Can Add This To Your Symbol Server Search Path With The Command Below, Where C:\symbols Is A Local Cache Directory: .sympath+ SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://chromium-browser-symsrv.commondatastorage.googleapis.com Alternately, You Can Set The _NT_SYMBOL_PATH Environment Variable To Include Both The Microsoft And Google Symbol Servers - VS, Windbg, And Other Tools Should Both Respect This Environment Variable: _NT_SYMBOL_PATH=SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://msdl.microsoft.com/download/symbols;SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://chromium-browser-symsrv.commondatastorage.googleapis.com Note That Symbol Servers Will Let The Debuggers Download Both The PE Files (DLLs And EXEs) And The PDB Files. Chrome Often Loads Third Party Libraries And Partial Symbols For Some Of These Are Also Public. For Example: AMD: Https://download.amd.com/dir/bin Nvidia: Https://driver-symbols.nvidia.com/ Intel: Https://software.intel.com/sites/downloads/symbols/ For Example, For Completeness, The Following Symbol Server Environment Variable Will Resolve All Of The Above Sources - But This Is More Than Is Normally Needed: _NT_SYMBOL_PATH=SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://msdl.microsoft.com/download/symbols;SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://chromium-browser-symsrv.commondatastorage.googleapis.com;SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://download.amd.com/dir/bin;SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://driver-symbols.nvidia.com/;SRV\*C:\symbols\*https://software.intel.com/sites/downloads/symbols/ Source Indexing You Should Set Up Source Indexing In Your Debugger (.srcfix In Windbg, Tools-> Options-> Debugging-> General-> Enable Source Server Support In Visual Studio) So That The Correct Source Files Will Automatically Be Downloaded Based On Information In The Downloaded Symbols. Additionally, You Must Have Python In Your Path In Order For The Command That Fetches Source Files To Succeed; Launching The Debugger From The Same Environment As Where You Build Chromium Is An Easy Way To Ensure It's Present. This Is Highly Recommended When Debugging Released Google Chrome Builds Or Looking At Crash Dumps. Having The Correct Version Of The Source Files Automatically Show Up Saves Significant Time So You Should Definitely Set This. Multi-process Issues Chromium Can Be Challenging To Debug Because Of Its Multi-process Architecture. When You Select Run In The Debugger, Only The Main Browser Process Will Be Debugged. The Code That Actually Renders Web Pages (the Renderer) And The Plugins Will Be In Separate Processes That's Not (yet!) Being Debugged. The ProcessExplorer Tool Has A Process Tree View Where You Can See How These Processes Are Related. You Can Also Get The Process IDs Associated With Each Tab From The Chrome Task Manager (right-click On An Empty Area Of The Window Title Bar To Open). Automatically Attach To Child Processes There Are Two Visual Studio Extensions That Enable The Debugger To Automatically Attach To All Chrome Processes, So You Can Debug All Of Chrome At Once. Microsoft's Child Process Debugging Power Tool Is A Standalone Extension For This, And VsChromium Is Another Option That Bundles Many Other Additional Features. In Addition To Installing One Of These Extensions, You Must Run Visual Studio As Administrator, Or It Will Silently Fail To Attach To Some Of Chrome's Child Processes. Single-process Mode One Way To Debug Issues Is To Run Chromium In Single-process Mode. This Will Allow You To See The Entire State Of The Program Without Extra Work (although It Will Still Have Many Threads). To Use Single-process Mode, Add The Command-line Flag --single-process This Approach Isn't Perfect Because Some Problems Won't Manifest Themselves In This Mode And Some Features Don't Work And Worker Threads Are Still Spawned Into New Processes. Manually Attaching To A Child Process You Can Attach To The Running Child Processes With The Debugger. Select Tools > Attach To Process And Click The Chrome.exe Process You Want To Attach To. Before Attaching, Make Sure You Have Selected Only Native Code When Attaching To The Process This Is Done By Clicking Select... In The Attach To Process Window And Only Checking Native. If You Forget This, It May Attempt To Attach In "WebKit" Mode To Debug JavaScript, And You'll Get An Error Message "An Operation Is Not Legal In The Current State." You Can Now Debug The Two Processes As If They Were One. When You Are Debugging Multiple Processes, Open The Debug > Windows > Processes Window To Switch Between Them. Sometimes You Are Debugging Something That Only Happens On Startup, And Want To See The Child Process As Soon As It Starts. Use: --renderer-startup-dialog --no-sandbox You Have To Disable The Sandbox Or The Dialog Box Will Be Prohibited From Showing. When The Dialog Appears, Visit Tools > Attach To Process And Attach To The Process Showing The Renderer Startup Dialog. Now You're Debugging In The Renderer And Can Continue Execution By Pressing OK In The Dialog. Startup Dialogs Also Exist For Other Child Process Types: --gpu-startup-dialog, --ppapi-startup-dialog, --utility-startup-dialog, --plugin-startup-dialog (for NPAPI). For Utilities, You Can Add A Service Type --utility-startup-dialog=data_decoder.mojom.DataDecoderService. You Can Also Try The Vs-chromium Plug-in To Attach To The Right Processes. Semi-automatically Attaching The Debugger To Child Processes The Following Flags Cause Child Processes To Wait For 60 Seconds In A Busy Loop For A Debugger To Attach To The Process. Once Either Condition Is True, It Continues On; No Exception Is Thrown. --wait-for-debugger-children[=filter] The Filter, If Provided, Will Fire Only If It Matches The --type Parameter To The Process. Values Include Renderer, Plugin (for NPAPI), Ppapi, Gpu-process, And Utility. When Using This Option, It May Be Helpful To Limit The Number Of Renderer Processes Spawned, Using: --renderer-process-limit=1 Image File Execution Options Using Image File Execution Options (IFEO) Will Not Work Because CreateProcess() Returns The Handle To The Debugger Process Instead Of The Intended Child Process. There Are Also Issues With The Sandbox. Time Travel Debugging You Can Do Time Travel Debugging Using WinDbg Preview (must Be Installed From The Microsoft Store). This Lets You Execute A Program Forward And Backwards. After Capturing A Trace, You Can Set Breakpoints And Step Through Code As Normal, But Also Provides 'backwards' Commands (g-, T-, P-) So That You Can Go Back And Forth Through The Execution. It Is Especially Useful To Set Data Breakpoints (ba Command) And Reverse Continuing, So You Can See When A Certain Variable Was Last Changed To Its Current Value. Chromium Specifics: The Type Of Injection The Time Travel Tracer Needs To Perform Is Incompatible With The Chromium Sandbox. In Order To Record A Trace, You'll Need To Run With --no-sandbox. Chromium Cannot Run Elevated With Administrator Privileges, So The "Launch Executable (advance)" Option Won't Work, You'll Need To Attach After The Process Has Already Launched Via The Checkbox In The Bottom Right. If You Need To Record Startup-like Things, You'll Have To Use --{browser,gpu,renderer,utility}-startup-dialog, Then Attach (and Hope The Relevant Code Hasn't Executed Before That Point). JsDbg -- Data Structure Visualization You Can Install JsDbg As A Plugin For WinDbg Or Visual Studio. It Interactively Lets You Look At Data Structures (such As The DOM Tree, Accessibility Tree, Layout Object Tree, And Others) In A Web Browser As You Debug. See The JsDbg Site For Some Screen Shots And Usage Examples. This Also Works When Examining Memory Dumps (though Not Minidumps), And Also Works Together With Time Travel Debugging. Visual Studio Hints Debug Visualizers Chrome's Custom Debug Visualizers Should Be Added To The Pdb Files And Automatically Picked Up By Visual Studio. The Definitions Are In //tools/win/DebugVisualizers If You Need To Modify Them (the BUILD.gn File There Has Additional Instructions). Don't Step Into Trivial Functions The Debugger Can Be Configured To Automatically Not Step Into Functions Based On Regular Expression. Edit Default.natstepfilter In The Following Directory: For Visual Studio 2015: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\Common7\Packages\Debugger\Visualizers (for All Users) Or %USERPROFILE%\My Documents\Visual Studio 2015\Visualizers (for The Current User Only) For Visual Studio 2017 Pro: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Professional\Common7\Packages\Debugger\Visualizers (for All Users) Or %USERPROFILE%\My Documents\Visual Studio 2017\Visualizers (for The Current User Only) Add Regular Expressions Of Functions To Not Step Into. Remember To Regex-escape And XML-escape Them, E.g. < For < And \. For A Literal Dot. Example: Operator New NoStepInto Operator Delete NoStepInto Std::.* NoStepInto WTF::.*Ptr ::.* NoStepInto This File Is Read At Start Of A Debugging Session (F5), So You Don't Need To Restart Visual Studio After Changing It. More Info: Microsoft Email Thread V8 And Chromium V8 Supports Many Command-line Flags That Are Useful For Debugging. V8 Command-line Flags Can Be Set Via The Chromium Command-line Flag --js-flags; For Instance: Chrome.exe --js-flags="--trace_exception --heap_stats" Note That Some V8 Command-line Flags Exist Only In The Debug Build Of V8. For A List Of All V8 Flags Try: Chrome.exe --js-flags="--help" Graphics Debugging GPU Acceleration Of Rendering Can Be More Easily Debugged With Tools. See: Graphics Debugging In Visual Studio 2013 Graphical Debugging With NVIDIA NSight Debugging On Another Machine Sometimes It's Useful To Debug Installation And Execution On A Machine Other Than Your Primary Build Box. To Run The Installer On Said Other Machine, First Build The Mini_installer Target On Your Main Build Machine (e.g., Autoninja -C Out\Debug Mini_installer). Next, On The Debug Machine: Make The Build Machine's Build Volume Available On The Debug Machine Either By Mounting It Locally (e.g., Z:\) Or By Crafting A UNC Path To It (e.g., \\builder\src) Open Up A Command Prompt And Change To A Local Disk Run Src\tools\win\copy-installer.bat In The Remote Checkout By Way Of The Mount (e.g., Z:\PATHTOCHECKOUT\src\...) Or UNC Path (e.g., \\builder\src\...). This Will Copy The Installer, DLLs, And PDBs Into Your Debug Machine's C:\out Or C:\build (depending On If You're Rocking The Component=shared_library Build Or Not) Run C:\out\Debug\mini_installer.exe With The Flags Of Your Choice To Install Chrome. This Can Take Some Time, Especially On A Slow Machine. Watch The Task Manager And Wait Until Mini_installer.exe Exits Before Trying To Launch Chrome (by Way Of The Shortcut(s) Created By The Installer) For Extra Pleasure, Add C:\out\Debug To Your _NT_SYMBOL_PATH Environment Variable Consider Reading The Documentation At The Top Of Copy-installer.bat To See How You Can Run It. It Tries To Be Smart And Copy The Right Things, But You May Need To Be Explicit (e.g., "copy-installer.bat Out Debug"). It Is Safe To Re-run The Script To Copy Only Modified Files (after A Rebuild, For Example). You Can Also Use The Zip Action Of The Isolate Scripts (tools\mb\mb.py) To Package All The Files For A Target Into A Single Zip File, For Example: Python Tools\mb\mb.py Zip Out/Release Base_unittests Base_unittests.zip Finding All Memory Allocations It Is Possible To Use Heap Snapshots To Get Call Stacks On All Outstanding Allocations That Use The OS Heap. This Works Particularly Well If Heap Snapshots Are Started As Soon As The Chrome Browser Process Is Created, But Before It Starts Running. Details Can Be Found In This Batch File. However, With PartitionAlloc Everywhere Most Chromium Allocations No Longer Use The Windows Heap So This Will Only Find A Subset Of Allocations, Mostly From OS DLLs. Find Memory Leaks Note: As With Heap Snapshots The Utility Of UMDH Is Greatly Reduced Now Because PartitionAlloc Everywhere Has Mostly Replaced The Windows Heap. The Windows Heap Manager Has A Really Useful Debug Flag, Where It Can Be Asked To Capture And Store A Stack Trace With Every Allocation. The Tool To Scrape These Stack Traces Out Of Processes Is UMDH, Which Comes With WinDbg. UMDH Is Great. It Will Capture A Snapshot Of The Heap State As Many Times As You Like, And It'll Do It Fairly Quickly. You Then Run It Again Against Either A Single Snapshot, Or A Pair Of Snapshots, At Which Time It'll Symbolize The Stack Traces And Aggregate Usage Up To Unique Stack Traces. Turning On The User Stack Trace Database For Chrome.exe With Gflags.exe Makes It Run Unbearably Slowly; However, Turning On The User Stack Trace Database On For The Browser Alone Is Just Fine. While It's Possible To Turn On The User Stack Database With The "!gflag" Debugging Extension, It's Too Late To Do This By The Time The Initial Debugger Breakpoint Hits. The Only Reasonable Way To Do This Is To Launch GFlags.exe, Enable The User Stack Trace Database (per Image Below), Launch Chrome Under The Debugger. Set A Breakpont When Chrome.dll Loads With "sxe Ld Chrome.dll". Step Up, To Allow Chrome.dll To Initialize. Disable The Stack Trace Database In GFlags.exe. Continue Chrome, Optionally Detaching The Debugger. Image GFlags.exe Settings For User Mode Stack Trace Database. If You Then Ever Suffer A Browser Memory Leak, You Can Snarf A Dump Of The Process With Umdh -p: > Chrome-browser-leak-umdh-dump.txt Which Can Then Typically Be "trivially" Analyzed To Find The Culprit. Miscellaneous Note That By Default Application Verifier Only Works With Non-official Builds Of Chromium. To Use Application Verifier On Official Builds You Need To Add --disable-features=RendererCodeIntegrity To Avoid Sandbox Crashes In Renderer Processes. See Crbug.com/1004989 For Details. See Also This Page. Application Verifier Is A Free Tool From Microsoft (available As Part Of The Windows SDK) That Can Be Used To Flush Out Programming Errors. Starting With M68 Application Verifier Can Be Enabled For Chrome.exe Without Needing To Disable The Sandbox. After Adding Chrome.exe To The List Of Applications To Be Stressed You Need To Expand The List Of Basics Checks And Disable The Leak Checks. You May Also Need To Disable Handles And Locks Checks Depending On Your Graphics Driver And Specific Chrome Version, But The Eventual Goal Is To Have Chrome Run With Handles And Locks Checks Enabled. When Bugs Are Found Chrome Will Trigger A Breakpoint So Running All Chrome Processes Under A Debugger Is Recommended. Chrome Will Run Much More Slowly Because Application Verifier Puts Every Heap Allocation On A Separate Page. Note That With PartitionAlloc Everywhere Most Chromium Allocations Don't Actually Go Through The Windows Heap And Are Therefore Unaffected By Application Verifier. You Can Check The Undocumented 'Cuzz' Checkbox In Application Verifier To Get The Windows Thread Scheduler To Add Some Extra Randomness In Order To Help Expose Race Conditions In Your Code. To Put A Breakpoint On CreateFile(), Add This Break Point: {,,kernel32.dll}_CreateFileW@28 {,,kernel32.dll} Specifies The DLL (context Operator). _ Prefix Means Extern "C". @28 Postfix Means _stdcall With The Stack Pop At The End Of The Function. I.e. The Number Of Arguments In BYTES. You Can Use DebugView From SysInternals Or Sawbuck To View LOG() Messages That Normally Go To Stderr On POSIX. at online marketplaces:
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47THESE RESTAURANTS HAVE DIFFERENT MENUS, BUT THE SAME ACCOMMODATING ATMOSPHERE
Philip Morris Records; advertisement; pamphlet; marg, marginalia
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48"Death Is The Same But Different Values" (Part 41) - Lord N
By NUG-CIT
"Death is the same but different values" (Part 41) - Lord N
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49The Same But Different : The Synoptic Gospels
By Holdsworth, John
"Death is the same but different values" (Part 41) - Lord N
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- Author: Holdsworth, John
- Language: English
“The Same But Different : The Synoptic Gospels” Subjects and Themes:
- Subjects: ➤ Bible. Gospels -- Criticism, interpretation, etc - Bible. Évangiles -- Critique, interprétation, etc - Bible. Gospels
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50The Same But Different
By Goldish, Meish
"Death is the same but different values" (Part 41) - Lord N
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- Author: Goldish, Meish
- Language: English
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