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LibriVox recording of The General Principle of Relativity: In Its Philosophical and Historical Aspect by Herbert Wildon Carr. Read in English by LibriVox volunteers. The main purpose of this book is to show the historical relations of the new principle to the old philosophical problems and to the classical theories of space and time. - Summary adapted from the Preface For further information, including links to online text, reader information, RSS feeds, CD cover or other formats (if available), please go to the LibriVox catalog page for this recording. For more free audio books or to become a volunteer reader, visit LibriVox.org . M4B Audiobook (147MB)

"The Principle of Relativity, and Non-Newtonian Mechanics" is an article from Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Volume 44 . View more articles from Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences . View this article on JSTOR . View this article's JSTOR metadata . You may also retrieve all of this items metadata in JSON at the following URL: https://archive.org/metadata/jstor-20022495

"ON THE NOTION OF GOD AND THE PRINCIPLE OF RELATIVITY" is an article from The Monist, Volume 16 . View more articles from The Monist . View this article on JSTOR . View this article's JSTOR metadata . You may also retrieve all of this items metadata in JSON at the following URL: https://archive.org/metadata/jstor-27899670

"ON THE NOTION OF GOD AND THE PRINCIPLE OF RELATIVITY" is an article from The Monist, Volume 16 . View more articles from The Monist . View this article on JSTOR . View this article's JSTOR metadata . You may also retrieve all of this items metadata in JSON at the following URL: https://archive.org/metadata/jstor-27899670

"The Principle of Relativity" is an article from Science, Volume 31 . View more articles from Science . View this article on JSTOR . View this article's JSTOR metadata . You may also retrieve all of this items metadata in JSON at the following URL: https://archive.org/metadata/jstor-1636274

"The Principle of Relativity" is an article from Science, Volume 31 . View more articles from Science . View this article on JSTOR . View this article's JSTOR metadata . You may also retrieve all of this items metadata in JSON at the following URL: https://archive.org/metadata/jstor-1636274

The Principle of Relativity has so far been understood as the {\it covariance} of laws of Physics with respect to a general class of reference frame transformations. That relativity, however, has only been expressed with the help of {\it one single} type of mathematical entities, namely, the scalars given by the usual continuum of the field $\mathbb{R}$ of real numbers, or by the usual mathematical structures built upon $\mathbb{R}$, such as the scalars given by the complex numbers $\mathbb{C}$, or the vectors in finite dimensional Euclidean spaces $\mathbb{R}^n$, infinite dimensional Hilbert spaces, etc. This paper argues for {\it progressing deeper and wider} in furthering the Principle of Relativity, not by mere covariance with respect to reference frames, but by studying the possible covariance with respect to a {\it large variety} of algebras of scalars which extend significantly $\mathbb{R}$ or $\mathbb{C}$, variety of scalars in terms of which various theories of Physics can equally well be formulated. First directions in this regard can be found naturally in the simple Mathematics of Special Relativity, the Bell Inequalities in Quantum Mechanics, or in the considerable amount of elementary Mathematics in finite dimensional vector spaces which occurs in Quantum Computation. The large classes of algebras of scalars suggested, which contain $\mathbb{R}$ and $\mathbb{C}$ as particular cases, have the important feature of typically {\it no longer} being Archimedean, see Appendix, a feature which can prove to be valuable when dealing with the so called "infinities" in Physics. The paper has a Comment on the so called "end of time".

After reviewing recently suggested operational "principles of the quantumness", I address the problem on whether Quantum Theory (QT) and Special Relativity (SR) are unrelated theories, or instead, if the one implies the other. I show how SR can be indeed derived from causality of QT, within the computational paradigm "the universe is a huge quantum computer", reformulating QFT as a Quantum-Computational Field Theory (QCFT). In QCFT SR emerges from the fabric of the computational network, which also naturally embeds gauge invariance. In this scheme even the quantization rule and the Planck constant can in principle be derived as emergent from the underlying causal tapestry of space-time. In this way QT remains the only theory operating the huge computer of the universe. Is QCFT only a speculative tautology (theory as simulation of reality), or does it have a scientific value? The answer will come from Occam's razor, depending on the mathematical simplicity of QCFT. Here I will just start scratching the surface of QCFT, analyzing simple field theories, including Dirac's. The number of problems and unmotivated recipes that plague QFT strongly motivates us to undertake the QCFT project, since QCFT makes all such problems manifest, and forces a re-foundation of QFT.

Book Source: Digital Library of India Item 2015.84947 dc.contributor.author: Paul Carus dc.date.accessioned: 2015-06-30T19:08:13Z dc.date.available: 2015-06-30T19:08:13Z dc.date.digitalpublicationdate: 2004-02-27 dc.date.citation: 1913 dc.identifier: RMSC, IIIT-H dc.identifier.barcode: 119423 dc.identifier.origpath: /data7/upload/0165/132 dc.identifier.copyno: 1 dc.identifier.uri: http://www.new.dli.ernet.in/handle/2015/84947 dc.description.numberedpages: 105 dc.description.numberedpages: 15 dc.description.scanningcentre: RMSC, IIIT-H dc.description.main: 1 dc.description.tagged: 0 dc.description.totalpages: 120 dc.format.mimetype: application/pdf dc.language.iso: English dc.publisher.digitalrepublisher: Universal Digital Library dc.publisher: The Open Court Publishing Company Company dc.rights: Public Domain dc.title: The Principle Of Relativity In The Light Of The Philosophy Of Science dc.rights.holder: The Open Court Publishing Company Company

Fermat's principle applied to a flat metric in the plane yields the phase of a Bessel function in the periodic domain for a constant index of refraction. Gravitational forces cause the index of refraction to vary and lead to a modified phase of the Bessel function. A distinction is made between the forces that cause acceleration: the gravitational force affects the optical properties of the medium whereas the centrifugal force does not, the latter being built into the phase of oscillations of the Bessel function. The time delay in radar echoes from planets is determined from Fermat's principle where the velocity of light is the phase velocity and the index of refraction varies on account of the gravitational potential. The deflection of light by a massive body is shown to be produced by a quadrupole interaction, and the perihelion shift requires both the gravitational potential, producing a closed orbit, and the quadrupole, causing the perihelion to rotate.

The automorphism invariant theory of Crawford[J. Math. Phys. 35, 2701 (1994)] has show great promise, however its application is limited by the paradigm to the domain of spin space. Our conjecture is that there is a broader principle at work which applies even to classical physics. Specifically, the laws of physics should be invariant under polydimensional transformations which reshuffle the geometry (e.g. exchanges vectors for trivectors) but preserves the algebra. To complete the symmetry, it follows that the laws of physics must be themselves polydimensional, having scalar, vector, bivector etc. parts in one multivector equation. Clifford algebra is the natural language in which to formulate this principle, as vectors/tensors were for relativity. This allows for a new treatment of the relativistic spinning particle (the Papapetrou equations) which is problematic in standard theory. In curved space the rank of the geometry will change under parallel transport, yielding a new basis for Weyl's connection and a natural coupling between linear and spinning motion.

3 p. l., xxiii, 186 p. 22 cm

Quantum mechanics is formulated as a geometric theory on a Hilbert manifold. Images of charts on the manifold are allowed to belong to arbitrary Hilbert spaces of functions including spaces of generalized functions. Tensor equations in this setting, also called functional tensor equations, describe families of functional equations on various Hilbert spaces of functions. The principle of functional relativity is introduced which states that quantum theory is indeed a functional tensor theory, i.e., it can be described by functional tensor equations. The main equations of quantum theory are shown to be compatible with the principle of functional relativity. By accepting the principle as a hypothesis, we then analyze the origin of physical dimensions, provide a geometric interpretation of Planck's constant, and find a simple interpretation of the two-slit experiment and the process of measurement.

Book Source: Digital Library of India Item 2015.176699 dc.date.accessioned: 2015-07-07T04:57:21Z dc.date.available: 2015-07-07T04:57:21Z dc.date.digitalpublicationdate: 2004-09-04 dc.date.citation: 1923 dc.identifier.barcode: 99999990012800 dc.identifier.origpath: /data/upload/0012/805 dc.identifier.copyno: 1 dc.identifier.uri: http://www.new.dli.ernet.in/handle/2015/176699 dc.description.scanningcentre: IIAp, Bangalore dc.description.main: 1 dc.description.tagged: 0 dc.description.totalpages: 253 dc.format.mimetype: application/pdf dc.language.iso: English dc.publisher.digitalrepublisher: Digital Library Of India dc.publisher: Dover Publications, Inc dc.rights: In Public Domain dc.source.library: Indian Institute Of Astrophysics dc.title: The Principle Of Relativity

"The Principle of Relativity and the Deflection of Light by Gravitation" is an article from The Scientific Monthly, Volume 9 . View more articles from The Scientific Monthly . View this article on JSTOR . View this article's JSTOR metadata . You may also retrieve all of this items metadata in JSON at the following URL: https://archive.org/metadata/jstor-6852

This paper is in the public domain in USA. Metadata comes from the CrossRef API, see full record in the source URL below.

This paper is in the public domain in USA. Metadata comes from the CrossRef API, see full record in the source URL below.

"THE UNITS OF MEASURE AND THE PRINCIPLE OF RELATIVITY" is an article from The Monist, Volume 24 . View more articles from The Monist . View this article on JSTOR . View this article's JSTOR metadata . You may also retrieve all of this items metadata in JSON at the following URL: https://archive.org/metadata/jstor-27900484

This paper is in the public domain in USA. Metadata comes from the CrossRef API, see full record in the source URL below.

The class of accelerated reference frames has been studied, on the basis of Fermi-Walker coordinates; both in the cases of uniform and arbitrary accelerations. In the first case, explicit formulae for the transformation of coordinates have been derived and, in both cases, we have also obtained the infinitesimal generators and their commutation relations. The outcome has been an extension of the Poincar\'e algebra (in 1+1 dimensions), which is infinite dimensional in the case of general acceleration. This extension turns out to be trivial, in the sense that it is Abelian.

I show that all inertial systems are not equivalent, and the Lorentz transformation is not the space-time transformation over two inertial systems moving with relative constant velocity. To do this, I consider imaginary signals travelling over any inertial system K with arbitrarily large velocities. The travelling of an imaginary signal over K is just a time lapse over K. Then I present an example to show that all coordinate systems are not equivalent when the related theory is restricted over tensor-based coordinate transformations, i.e., the genereal relativity principle is not valid. Instead of the relativity principle, I propose the twofold metric principle which may be roughly stated to assert that the set of equations H(v) describing the motion of a material body with velocity v> 0 can be obtained from the corresponding set of equations H(0) for velocity v=0 by replacing, in each differential equation in H(0), each infinitesimal time variable dt with dt / \beta(v) , each maximal velocity-critical infinitesimal length variable dr with beta(v) dr, and each zero velocity-critical infinitesimal length variable dx with dx, where beta(v) = 1/ sqrt {1- v^2/c^2}. By depending on the twofold metric principle and the energy-velocity equation, I derive beta(v)mc^2, the twofold Schwarzshild metric, the centennial procession of planatery orbits and deflection of light. We also present a reason why the Michelson-Morley experiment is observed. Several other topics are also studied.

"The Duplicity of Democracy: Democratic Equality and the Principle of Relativity" is an article from The American Journal of Sociology, Volume 21 . View more articles from The American Journal of Sociology . View this article on JSTOR . View this article's JSTOR metadata . You may also retrieve all of this items metadata in JSON at the following URL: https://archive.org/metadata/jstor-2763631

We present a fractal dust model of the Universe based on Mandelbrot's proposal to replace the standard Cosmological Principle by his Conditional Cosmological Principle within the framework of General Theory of Relativity. This model turns out to be free from the de-Vaucouleurs paradox and is consistent with the SNe1a observations. The expected galaxy count as a function of red-shift is obtained for this model. An interesting variation is a steady state version, which can account for an accelerating scale factor without any cosmological constant in the model.

Connes has extended Einstein's principle of general relativity to noncommutative geometry. The new principle implies that the Dirac operator is covariant with respect to Lorentz and internal gauge transformations and the Dirac operator must include Yukawa couplings. It further implies that the action for the metric, the gauge potentials and the Higgs scalar is coded in the spectrum of the covariant Dirac operator. This ``universal'' action has been computed by Chamseddine & Connes, it is the coupled Einstein-Hilbert and Yang-Mills-Higgs action. This result is rederived and we discuss the physical consequences.

186p

Escalation is the fact that in a game (for instance in an auction), the agents play forever. The $0,1$-game is an extremely simple infinite game with intelligent agents in which escalation arises. It shows at the light of research on cognitive psychology the difference between intelligence (algorithmic mind) and rationality (algorithmic and reflective mind) in decision processes. It also shows that depending on the point of view (inside or outside) the rationality of the agent may change which is proposed to be called the principle of relativity.

Escalation is the fact that in a game (for instance in an auction), the agents play forever. The $0,1$-game is an extremely simple infinite game with intelligent agents in which escalation arises. It shows at the light of research on cognitive psychology the difference between intelligence (algorithmic mind) and rationality (algorithmic and reflective mind) in decision processes. It also shows that depending on the point of view (inside or outside) the rationality of the agent may change which is proposed to be called the principle of relativity.

Book digitized by Google from the library of University of California and uploaded to the Internet Archive by user tpb.

It continues to be alleged that superluminal influences of any sort would be inconsistent with special relativity for the following three reasons: (i) they would imply the existence of a distinguished' frame; (ii) they would allow the detection of absolute motion; and (iii) they would violate the relativity of simultaneity. This paper shows that the first two objections rest upon very elementary misunderstandings of Minkowski geometry and lingering Newtonian intuitions about instantaneity. The third objection has a basis, but rather than invalidating the notion of faster than light influences it points the way to more general conceptions of simultaneity that could allow for quantum nonlocality in a natural way.

We clarify the status of the $c$ equivalence principle ($c_u=c$) recently proposed by Heras et al \cite{JoseAJP2010,JoseEJP2010} and show that its proposal leads to an extension of the current framework of classical relativistic electrodynamics (CRE). This is because in the MLT (mass, length and time) system of units, CRE theory can contain only one fundamental constant of nature and special relativity dictates that this must be $c$, the standard speed of light in vacuum, a point not sufficiently emphasized in most textbooks with the exception of a few such as Panofsky and Phillips \cite{PanofskyPhillips}. The $c$ equivalence principle Heras \cite{JoseAJP2010,JoseEJP2010} can be shown to be linked to the second postulate of special relativity which extends the constancy of the unique velocity of light to all of physics (especially to mechanics) other than electromagnetism. An interesting corollary is that both the weak equivalence principle of general relativity and the $c$ equivalence principle are in fact one and the same, which we demonstrate within the context of Newtonian gravity.

Based on the principle of relativity and the postulate on universal invariant constants ($c,l$) as well as Einstein's isotropy conditions, three kinds of special relativity form a triple with a common Lorentz group as isotropy group under full Umov-Weyl-Fock-Lorentz transformations among inertial motions.

An action principle for the generalized harmonic formulation of general relativity is presented. The action is a functional of the spacetime metric and the gauge source vector. An action principle for the Z4 formulation of general relativity has been proposed recently by Bona, Bona--Casas and Palenzuela (BBP). The relationship between the generalized harmonic action and the BBP action is discussed in detail.

Based on the principle of relativity and the postulate on universal invariant constants (c,l), all possible kinematics can be set up with sub-symmetries of the Umov-Weyl-Fock transformations for the inertial motions. Further, in the combinatory approach, all these symmetries are intrinsically related to each other, e.g. to the very important dS kinematics for the cosmic scale physics.

This paper is in the public domain in USA. Metadata comes from the CrossRef API, see full record in the source URL below.

We propose a new interpretation of the equivalence principle underlying Einstein's general relativity: a free-falling frame with gravitational force eliminated locally in a small spacetime region shows the existence of a boundary level, below which gravity is absent and above which \textit{gravity emerges as condensation effect of microscopic motions} within each such frame and interrelates free-falling frames at different spacetime points. In this picture, gravitational field as a mediator of different free-falling frames shows a remarkable \textit{parallelism with an order parameter to specify "degenerate vacua"} in different thermodynamic pure phases due to the \textit{condensation effects} in phase transitions. As the physical basis of general relativity is found in the universality of mass point motions due to the constancy of [inertial $m$]/[gravitational $m$], the general relativistic notion of "spacetime" should be meaningful only in the validity regime of this constancy, which is \textit{of empirical nature}, contrary to the usual consensus. At the end, we comment on the impossibility to observe gravitational waves which would make gravitons and quantum gravity questionable.

The aim of the paper is to develop a proper mathematical formalism which can help to clarify the necessary conceptual plugins to the special principle of relativity and leads to a deeper understanding of the principle in its widest generality.

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xii, 190 p. 22 cm

LibriVox recording of A Theory of Monads: Outlines of the Philosophy of the Principle of Relativity by Herbert Wildon Carr. Read in English by Owlivia; ToddHW; bletheringape; Curtis K.; Autumn; Eric P. Charles; Julian Pratley Since the publication of this book, a little more than a year ago, the interest in Einstein and the principle of relativity has very greatly increased. There are now a large number of popular expositions, and the theory itself has undergone some notable advances in its philosophical, mathematical and physical application. In pure philosophy Lord Haldane's Reign of Relativity has applied it to the direct interpretation of the theory of knowledge. In mathematical physics the important work of Hermann Weyl, Space-Time-Matter, is an advance even on Einstein, and applies the principle not only to the geometry of masses, but to that of intermolecular movements, and to electro-magnetic phenomena generally, thus making it embrace the physical world in its entirety. The main purpose of this book is to show the historical relations of the new principle to the old philosophical problems and to the classical theories of space and time. I have, with the exception of a few important emendations, left the historical chapters unaltered, but I have added a new chapter on "Einstein's Theory" in order to show more clearly than the original work did the nature of the revolution which it effects in scientific method and in the concept of physical reality. - Summary by Preface For further information, including links to online text, reader information, RSS feeds, CD cover or other formats (if available), please go to the LibriVox catalog page for this recording. For more free audio books or to become a volunteer reader, visit librivox.org . M4B Audiobook (356MB)

"The Metaphysical Implications of the Principle of Relativity" is an article from The Philosophical Review, Volume 24 . View more articles from The Philosophical Review . View this article on JSTOR . View this article's JSTOR metadata . You may also retrieve all of this items metadata in JSON at the following URL: https://archive.org/metadata/jstor-2178526

Book Source: Digital Library of India Item 2015.460470 dc.contributor.author: Einstein, A. dc.contributor.author: Minkowski, H. dc.contributor.author: Saha, M. N. Tr. dc.contributor.author: Bose, S. N. Tr. dc.contributor.other: P. C. Mahalanobis dc.date.accessioned: 2015-09-22T14:38:05Z dc.date.available: 2015-09-22T14:38:05Z dc.date.digitalpublicationdate: 2014/01/15 dc.date.citation: 1920 dc.identifier.barcode: 07019990357352 dc.identifier.copyno: 1 dc.identifier.uri: http://www.new.dli.ernet.in/handle/2015/460470 dc.description.scannerno: 01 dc.description.scanningcentre: North Eastern States Libraries dc.description.main: 1 dc.description.tagged: 0 dc.description.totalpages: 233 dc.language.iso: English dc.publisher.digitalrepublisher: Digital Library Of India dc.publisher: University Of Calcutta, Calcutta dc.rights: In Public Domain dc.source.library: Birchandra State Central Library, Tripura dc.subject.classification: Pure Science dc.subject.classification: Physics dc.subject.keywords: Electrodynamics Of Moving Bodies dc.subject.keywords: Kinematical Portion dc.subject.keywords: Addition Theorem Of Velocities dc.subject.keywords: Electrodynamical Part dc.subject.keywords: Dynamics Of The Election dc.title: The Principle Of Relativity dc.type: Print - Paper dc.type: Book dc.description.diskno: NE-DLI-TR-4516

"THE PRINCIPLE OF RELATIVITY" is an article from The Monist, Volume 22 . View more articles from The Monist . View this article on JSTOR . View this article's JSTOR metadata . You may also retrieve all of this items metadata in JSON at the following URL: https://archive.org/metadata/jstor-27900369

xiv, 221 [1] p. 23 cm

xiv, 221 [1] p. 23 cm

xiv, 221 [1] p. 23 cm

Book Source: Digital Library of India Item 2015.228444 dc.contributor.author: Cunningham, E. dc.date.accessioned: 2015-07-10T15:49:54Z dc.date.available: 2015-07-10T15:49:54Z dc.date.digitalpublicationdate: 2006-12-16 dc.date.citation: 1914 dc.identifier.barcode: 4990010123777 dc.identifier.origpath: /rawdataupload/upload/0123/779 dc.identifier.copyno: 1 dc.identifier.uri: http://www.new.dli.ernet.in/handle/2015/228444 dc.description.scanningcentre: C-DAK, Kolkata dc.description.main: 1 dc.description.tagged: 0 dc.description.totalpages: 246 dc.format.mimetype: application/pdf dc.language.iso: English dc.publisher.digitalrepublisher: Digital Library Of India dc.publisher: University Press, Cambridge dc.rights: In Public Domain dc.source.library: Hooghly Mohsin College dc.subject.classification: Natural Sciences dc.subject.classification: Physics dc.subject.classification: General Mechanics dc.subject.keywords: Newton Dynamics dc.subject.keywords: Electron Theory dc.title: The Principle Of Relativity