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The 'Operations Concept for the AAS Man-Machine Interface' documents a concept for ACF operations, the tasks of the Controller at various types of sectors, his information processing requirements, and the definition of his dialogue with the system. As such, these represent the operational requirements for the Advanced Automation System (AAS) Controller man-machine interface (MMI). These requirements are defined from the Controller's point of view. Controller tasks are described in terms of message inputs, outputs, dialogue requirements, and operational performance attributes. An assessmment of Controller workload is provided within the framework of human information-processing tasks and associated performance levels by Controller position. The information-processing tasks are considered to include logical (cognitive and perceptual components. These components will of necessity have an impact on the subsequent formation of information coding/presentation requirements, interaction techniques, and high- level dialogue descriptions. The primary objective of this document is to decompose Controller tasks to the level of detail such that the Controller's job is described in terms of: (1) sequences of tasks which respond to a given ATC event; (2) the conceptual dialogue between the Controller and his workstation; (3) interactions with other Controllers, Pilots, Supervisory, and Metering/Flow Control personnel; and (4) information needed by the Controller to successfully execute tasks accurately and in a timely fashion.

This Symposium explored the use of three of man's senses (sight, hearing, touch) to improve the man-machine interface in the cockpit. The seven sessions included Defined Concepts and Design Issues, Maintenance for Advanced Cockpit Systems, Panoramic and Virtual Cockpits, Helmet Mounted Displays, Voice Technology, System Concepts and Design Tools, and finally Device Technologies. As the demands placed upon the aircrew by the modern battlefield continue to increase, this Symposium attempted to effectively blend the technologies is available to decrease the workloads.

The space shuttle main engine (SSME) presented new requirements in the design of controls for large pump fed liquid rocket engine systems. These requirements were the need for built in full mission support capability, and complexity and flexibility of function not previously needed in this type of application. An engine mounted programmable digital control system was developed to meet these requirements. The engine system and controller and their function are described. Design challenges encountered during the course of development included accommodation for a very severe engine environment, the implementation of redundancy and redundancy management to provide fail operational/fail safe capability, removal of heat from the package, and significant constraints on computer memory size and processing time. The flexibility offered by programmable control reshaped the approach to engine design and development and set the pattern for future controls development in these types of applications.

These Proceedings consist of the papers and discussions presented at the Avionics Panel Meeting on 'Advanced Avionics and the Military Aircraft Man/Machine Interface' held in Blackpool, England, 26-29 April 1982. The 30 papers presented were divided as follows: three were introductory, 5 were on Colour Display Systems, 9 were on Voice Input and Output Systems, 6 were on Aircrew Interaction with Complex Systems, and 7 were on Display Technology. The Proceedings also include a Technical Evaluation Report of the Meeting. (Author)

This paper presents the primary psychological concepts which are fundamental to the design of man-machine interfaces for intelligent systems of the 1990's. These concepts embrace perception, learning motivation, and cognitive capacities of human operators, in systems which require a high degree of operator-machine interaction. The central role of feedback is emphasized through simple schematic examples, designed to provide an understanding of the reciprocity requirements in man-machine communication. Cognitive theory and recent experimental data form the basis for discussion of visual image storage, short-term memory, long-term memory, transfer rates and buffering of information being processed by the human operator, under control of a 'central processor' with a cycle time of roughly 70 milliseconds. Systems of the 1990 era will provide increased capability for high-speed processing of data and will utilize increasing numbers of decision-aides, spreadsheets and AI tools. Users of these systems will be components of networks, linked via efficient communication systems to other users and other subsystems. These developments will lead to fundamental changes in the work place. Keywords: Interface; Artificial Intelligence; Systems; Feedback; Productivity; User Interface; Man-Machine; Cognitive.

This paper presents the primary psychological concepts which are fundamental to the design of man-machine interfaces for intelligent systems of the 1990's. These concepts embrace perception, learning motivation, and cognitive capacities of human operators, in systems which require a high degree of operator-machine interaction. The central role of feedback is emphasized through simple schematic examples, designed to provide an understanding of the reciprocity requirements in man-machine communication. Cognitive theory and recent experimental data form the basis for discussion of visual image storage, short-term memory, long-term memory, transfer rates and buffering of information being processed by the human operator, under control of a 'central processor' with a cycle time of roughly 70 milliseconds. Systems of the 1990 era will provide increased capability for high-speed processing of data and will utilize increasing numbers of decision-aides, spreadsheets and AI tools. Users of these systems will be components of networks, linked via efficient communication systems to other users and other subsystems. These developments will lead to fundamental changes in the work place. Keywords: Interface; Artificial Intelligence; Systems; Feedback; Productivity; User Interface; Man-Machine; Cognitive.

The anticipated increase in rendezvous and docking activities in the various space programs in the Space Station era necessitates a renewed interest in manual docking procedures. Ten test subjects participated in computer simulated docking missions in which the influence of initial velocity was examined. All missions started from a resting position of 304.8 meters (1000 feet) along the space station's +V-bar axis. Test subjects controlled their vehicle with a translational hand controller and digital auto pilot which are both virtually identical to their space shuttle counterparts. While the 0.1 percent rule (range rate is equal to 0.1 percent of the range) used by space shuttle pilots is comfortably safe, it is revealed to be extremely inefficient in terms of time and not justifiable in terms of marginal safety. Time is worth money, not only because of training and launch costs, but because the sooner a pilot and spacecraft return from a mission, the sooner they can begin the next one. Inexperienced test subjects reduced the costs of simulated docking by close to a factor of 2 and achieved safe dockings in less than 4 percent of the time the baseline approach would entail. This reduction in time can be used to save lives in the event of an accident on orbit, and can tremendously reduce docking costs if fuel is produced from waste water on orbit.

Title from cover

This effort consists of the analysis and design of a user interface which employs several man-machine relations factors; an existing system will be employed as a testbed for these beliefs - the COINS II Terminal Access System (TAS). This new interface must not interfere with the existing TAS user interface; it must coexist with the original and both must be accessible to TAS users. In addition to the software effort, intelligent terminals (i.e., microprocessor controlled) will emulate an electronic desk environment for the user. We feel that such modifications will result in greatly increased user acceptance of TAS, while providing a good indication of how such considerations can be applied to other systems and the possible effects of such efforts.

This effort consists of the analysis and design of a user interface which employs several man-machine relations factors; an existing system will be employed as a testbed for these beliefs - the COINS II Terminal Access System (TAS). This new interface must not interfere with the existing TAS user interface; it must coexist with the original and both must be accessible to TAS users. In addition to the software effort, intelligent terminals (i.e., microprocessor controlled) will emulate an electronic desk environment for the user. We feel that such modifications will result in greatly increased user acceptance of TAS, while providing a good indication of how such considerations can be applied to other systems and the possible effects of such efforts.

MANGA: Ghost in the Shell 2 Man Machine Interface

MANGA: Ghost in the Shell 2 Man Machine Interface

The objective of the current effort was to perform a broad analysis of the human factors issues involved in the design of the Flight Design System (FDS). The analysis was intended to include characteristics of the system itself, such as: (1) basic structure and functional capabilities of FDS; (2) user backgrounds, capabilities, and possible modes of use; (3) FDS interactive dialogue, problem solving aids; (4) system data management capabilities; and to include, as well, such system related matters as: (1) flight design team structure; (2) roles of technicians; (3) user training; and (4) methods of evaluating system performance. Wherever possible, specific recommendations are made. In other cases, the issues which seem most important are identified. In some cases, additional analyses or experiments which might provide resolution are suggested.

This study is concerned with the difficulties encountered by casual users wishing to employ Information Storage and Retrieval Systems. A casual user is defined as a professional who has neither time nor desire to pursue in depth the study of the numerous and varied retrieval systems. His needs for on-line search are only occasional, and not limited to any particular system. The paper takes a close look at the state of the art of research concerned with aiding casual users of Information Storage and Retrieval Systems. Current experiments such as LEXIS, CONIT, IIDA, CITE, and CCL are presented and discussed. Comments and proposals are offered, specifically in the areas of training, learning and cost as experienced by the casual user. An extensive bibliography of recent works on the subject follows the text.

This study is concerned with the difficulties encountered by casual users wishing to employ Information Storage and Retrieval Systems. A casual user is defined as a professional who has neither time nor desire to pursue in depth the study of the numerous and varied retrieval systems. His needs for on-line search are only occasional, and not limited to any particular system. The paper takes a close look at the state of the art of research concerned with aiding casual users of Information Storage and Retrieval Systems. Current experiments such as LEXIS, CONIT, IIDA, CITE, and CCL are presented and discussed. Comments and proposals are offered, specifically in the areas of training, learning and cost as experienced by the casual user. An extensive bibliography of recent works on the subject follows the text.

This study is concerned with the difficulties encountered by casual users wishing to employ Information Storage and Retrieval Systems. A casual user is defined as a professional who has neither time nor desire to pursue in depth the study of the numerous and varied retrieval systems. His needs for on-line search are only occasional, and not limited to any particular system. The paper takes a close look at the state of the art of research concerned with aiding casual users of Information Storage and Retrieval Systems. Current experiments such as LEXIS, CONIT, IIDA, CITE, and CCL are presented and discussed. Comments and proposals are offered, specifically in the areas of training, learning and cost as experienced by the casual user. An extensive bibliography of recent works on the subject follows the text.

This study is concerned with the difficulties encountered by casual users wishing to employ Information Storage and Retrieval Systems. A casual user is defined as a professional who has neither time nor desire to pursue in depth the study of the numerous and varied retrieval systems. His needs for on-line search are only occasional, and not limited to any particular system. The paper takes a close look at the state of the art of research concerned with aiding casual users of Information Storage and Retrieval Systems. Current experiments such as LEXIS, CONIT, IIDA, CITE, and CCL are presented and discussed. Comments and proposals are offered, specifically in the areas of training, learning and cost as experienced by the casual user. An extensive bibliography of recent works on the subject follows the text.

Ghost in the Shell 2 : Man Machine Interface - Shirow Masamune 

This thesis culminates in a management plan for determining the effects of combat stress on the man-machine interface of complex information display systems. The objective is to provide to the reader both background information detailing the historical development of military attitudes towards combat stress and a survey of the physiological and psychological factors which influence the resolution of this problem. Current research in these areas is discussed with emphasis on research which strongly supports the problem's resolution. The management plan cites those agencies who have a specific background, expertise and capability of accomplishing portions of the research. For concepts requiring further study, individuals within established institutions who are currently addressing these areas are suggested. An overall program coordinator is recommended. In conclusion, recommendations for implementation of changes in the areas of training and acquisition are cited.

Our basic objective was to define a composite measure of human capabilities that could also be used to measure the skill requirements of various manufacturing tasks. In the course of our research, however, we have come to the conclusion that most human workers (at least in the semiskilled categories) are not employed for their manual skills, or dexterity, but for a different purpose. Although our basic objective remains unchanged, our research focus has shifted to the emerging competition between human workers as machine process controllers in certain highly engineered environments, and the use of sensor-based, computerized systems for the same purpose. Origingator-supplied keywords: Automation, Precision control, Computer applications, Machines, Mechanization. (Author)

A Keynote address and thirty one papers were presented at the Joint GCP/FMP Symposium, held in Stuttgart, Germany, under the following headings: Combat scenarios and mission segment requirements; Human capabilities and limitations; Technological capabilities and limitations concerning situations awareness; Technological capabilities and limitations of combat automation; Crew station implementation; System integration.

This time on the show join us as we discuss the ripe science fiction grounds when man meets machine. The very same tradition that has inspired Ghost in the Shell and the sorta/maybe/not-really classic that is Lawnmower man. 

Day by day Optimism is growing that in the near future our society will witness the Man-Machine Interface (MMI) using voice technology. Computer manufacturers are building voice recognition sub-systems in their new product lines. Although, speech technology based MMI technique is widely used before, needs to gather and apply the deep knowledge of spoken language and performance during the electronic machine-based interaction. Biometric recognition refers to a system that is able to identify individuals based on their own behavior and biological characteristics. Fingerprint success in forensic science and law enforcement applications with growing concerns relating to border control, banking access fraud, machine access control and IT security, there has been great interest in the use of fingerprints and other biological symptoms for the automatic recognition. It is not surprising to see that the application of biometric systems is playing an important role in all areas of our society. Biometric applications include access to smartphone security, mobile payment, the international border, national citizen register and reserve facilities. The use of MMI by speech technology, which includes automated speech/speaker recognition and natural language processing, has the significant impact on all existing businesses based on personal computer applications. With the help of powerful and affordable microprocessors and artificial intelligence algorithms, the human being can talk to the machine to drive and control all computer-based applications. Today's applications show a small preview of a rich future for MMI based on voice technology, which will ultimately replace the keyboard and mouse with the microphone for easy access and make the machine more intelligent.

There is a substantial group of professionals, scientists, engineers, and managers who are justifiably reluctant to use computer networks such as the ARPANET. This phenomenon continues despite the fact that they recognize some of the benefits of computational assistance, that they have had experience using computer systems, and that they have access to such a network. Their reluctance usually stems from the feeling that the very machines and systems is not justified by the occasional or intermittent nature of their computational problems. In learning to use a new system, a large part of the familiarization effort is spent in trying to learn to use a new text editing program. If such a utility program were standardized and made available on all of the machines on the network, a large obstacle to the efficient use of such systems might be removed. The design of such a system, a Standard Line EDitor called SLED is proposed here. (Author)

The functional adequacy of human factored crew operated systems under operational zero-gravity conditions is considered. Skylab ATM experiment operations generated sufficient telemetry and voice transcript data to support such an assessment effort. Discussions are presented pertaining to the methodology and procedures used to evaluate the hardware, training and directive aspects of Skylab 3 and Skylab 4 manned ATM experiment operations.

The functional adequacy of human factored crew operated systems under operational zero-gravity conditions is considered. Skylab ATM experiment operations generated sufficient telemetry and voice transcript data to support such an assessment effort. Discussions are presented pertaining to the methodology and procedures used to evaluate the hardware, training and directive aspects of Skylab 3 and Skylab 4 manned ATM experiment operations.

The functional adequacy of human factored crew operated systems under operational zero-gravity conditions is considered. Skylab ATM experiment operations generated sufficient telemetry and voice transcript data to support such an assessment effort. Discussions are presented pertaining to the methodology and procedures used to evaluate the hardware, training and directive aspects of Skylab 3 and Skylab 4 manned ATM experiment operations.

The functional adequacy of human factored crew operated systems under operational zero-gravity conditions is considered. Skylab ATM experiment operations generated sufficient telemetry and voice transcript data to support such an assessment effort. Discussions are presented pertaining to the methodology and procedures used to evaluate the hardware, training and directive aspects of Skylab 3 and Skylab 4 manned ATM experiment operations.

The functional adequacy of human factored crew operated systems under operational zero-gravity conditions is considered. Skylab ATM experiment operations generated sufficient telemetry and voice transcript data to support such an assessment effort. Discussions are presented pertaining to the methodology and procedures used to evaluate the hardware, training and directive aspects of Skylab 3 and Skylab 4 manned ATM experiment operations.

The functional adequacy of human factored crew operated systems under operational zero-gravity conditions is considered. Skylab ATM experiment operations generated sufficient telemetry and voice transcript data to support such an assessment effort. Discussions are presented pertaining to the methodology and procedures used to evaluate the hardware, training and directive aspects of Skylab 3 and Skylab 4 manned ATM experiment operations.

This thesis culminates in a management plan for determining the effects of combat stress on the man-machine interface of complex information display systems. The objective is to provide to the reader both background information detailing the historical development of military attitudes towards combat stress and a survey of the physiological and psychological factors which influence the resolution of this problem. Current research in these areas is discussed with emphasis on research which strongly supports the problem's resolution. The management plan cites those agencies who have a specific background, expertise and capability of accomplishing portions of the research. For concepts requiring further study, individuals within established institutions who are currently addressing these areas are suggested. An overall program coordinator is recommended. In conclusion, recommendations for implementation of changes in the areas of training and acquisition are cited.

This thesis culminates in a management plan for determining the effects of combat stress on the man-machine interface of complex information display systems. The objective is to provide to the reader both background information detailing the historical development of military attitudes towards combat stress and a survey of the physiological and psychological factors which influence the resolution of this problem. Current research in these areas is discussed with emphasis on research which strongly supports the problem's resolution. The management plan cites those agencies who have a specific background, expertise and capability of accomplishing portions of the research. For concepts requiring further study, individuals within established institutions who are currently addressing these areas are suggested. An overall program coordinator is recommended. In conclusion, recommendations for implementation of changes in the areas of training and acquisition are cited.

The U.S. Bureau of Mines is developing a computer model to analyze the human factors aspect of mining machine operator compartments. The model will be used as a research tool and as a design aid. It will have the capability to perform the following: simulated anthropometric or reach assessment, visibility analysis, illumination analysis, structural analysis of the protective canopy, operator fatigue analysis, and computation of an ingress-egress rating. The model will make extensive use of graphics to simplify data input and output. Two dimensional orthographic projections of the machine and its operator compartment are digitized and the data rebuilt into a three dimensional representation of the mining machine. Anthropometric data from either an individual or any size population may be used. The model is intended for use by equipment manufacturers and mining companies during initial design work on new machines. In addition to its use in machine design, the model should prove helpful as an accident investigation tool and for determining the effects of machine modifications made in the field on the critical areas of visibility and control reach ability.

This paper describes how prototyping was used as an aid in defining man-machine interface requirements for the Automated Weather Distribution System (AWDS). Ways in which man-machine interface prototyping (MMI) can be used on system ac quisition programs in general are also discussed. The study focused on: 1) prototyping three candidate MMI models (command line syntax; prompted entry; menu-driven entry) for graphic processing; and 2) identifying methods by which the amount of displayed graphic information can be maximized without sacrificing clarity of presentation.

Ghost In The Shell - Man Machine Interface

The development of a man/machine interface system that can be used to remotely control a system composed of a transporter base and a force-reflecting, survocontrolled manipulator is reported. The concept features the incorporation of totally remote operation. A simulator is build to optimize man/machine interface requirements.

Viewgraphs on man-systems integration and the man-machine interface are presented. Man-systems integration applies the systems' approach to the integration of the user and the machine to form an effective, symbiotic Man-Machine System (MMS). A MMS is a combination of one or more human beings and one or more physical components that are integrated through the common purpose of achieving some objective. The human operator interacts with the system through the Man-Machine Interface (MMI).

The Boeing Company is studying a concept that involves teaming a manned rotorcraft, the Apache Longbow (TM), with a unmanned air vehicle (UAV). During 1997 Boeing developed a preliminary man-machine interface between the Apache Longbow and an unmanned air vehicle. An early assessment of the man-machine interface in a virtual simulation environment was conducted. The study concentrated on the effects of crew workload during manned-unmanned teaming operations and acceptability of the design in terms of presentation of the data, functionality, and utility. A limited assessment of operational measures of effectiveness was also conducted. Subject pilots were satisfied with the man-machine interface, did not experience task overload and were able to perform UAV control tasks. Subjects did experience some difficulty with target acquisition and tracking, however. Initial data suggests that the potential exists to detect targets beyond the organic sensor range of current attack/reconnaissance rotorcraft without being exposed to threat detection.

The Boeing Company is studying a concept that involves teaming a manned rotorcraft, the Apache Longbow (TM), with a unmanned air vehicle (UAV). During 1997 Boeing developed a preliminary man-machine interface between the Apache Longbow and an unmanned air vehicle. An early assessment of the man-machine interface in a virtual simulation environment was conducted. The study concentrated on the effects of crew workload during manned-unmanned teaming operations and acceptability of the design in terms of presentation of the data, functionality, and utility. A limited assessment of operational measures of effectiveness was also conducted. Subject pilots were satisfied with the man-machine interface, did not experience task overload and were able to perform UAV control tasks. Subjects did experience some difficulty with target acquisition and tracking, however. Initial data suggests that the potential exists to detect targets beyond the organic sensor range of current attack/reconnaissance rotorcraft without being exposed to threat detection.

A proposed first generation human interface control panel is described which will be used to control SKITTER, a three-legged lunar walking machine. Under development at Georgia Tech, SKITTER will be a multi-purpose, un-manned vehicle capable of preparing a site for the proposed lunar base in advance of the arrival of men. This walking machine will be able to accept modular special purpose tools, such as a crane, a core sampling drill, and a digging device, among others. The project was concerned with the design of a human interface which could be used, from earth, to control the movements of SKITTER on the lunar surface. Preliminary inquiries were also made into necessary modifications required to adapt the panel to both a shirt-sleeve lunar environment and to a mobile unit which could be used by a man in a space suit at a lunar work site.

A proposed first generation human interface control panel is described which will be used to control SKITTER, a three-legged lunar walking machine. Under development at Georgia Tech, SKITTER will be a multi-purpose, un-manned vehicle capable of preparing a site for the proposed lunar base in advance of the arrival of men. This walking machine will be able to accept modular special purpose tools, such as a crane, a core sampling drill, and a digging device, among others. The project was concerned with the design of a human interface which could be used, from earth, to control the movements of SKITTER on the lunar surface. Preliminary inquiries were also made into necessary modifications required to adapt the panel to both a shirt-sleeve lunar environment and to a mobile unit which could be used by a man in a space suit at a lunar work site.

A proposed first generation human interface control panel is described which will be used to control SKITTER, a three-legged lunar walking machine. Under development at Georgia Tech, SKITTER will be a multi-purpose, un-manned vehicle capable of preparing a site for the proposed lunar base in advance of the arrival of men. This walking machine will be able to accept modular special purpose tools, such as a crane, a core sampling drill, and a digging device, among others. The project was concerned with the design of a human interface which could be used, from earth, to control the movements of SKITTER on the lunar surface. Preliminary inquiries were also made into necessary modifications required to adapt the panel to both a shirt-sleeve lunar environment and to a mobile unit which could be used by a man in a space suit at a lunar work site.

A proposed first generation human interface control panel is described which will be used to control SKITTER, a three-legged lunar walking machine. Under development at Georgia Tech, SKITTER will be a multi-purpose, un-manned vehicle capable of preparing a site for the proposed lunar base in advance of the arrival of men. This walking machine will be able to accept modular special purpose tools, such as a crane, a core sampling drill, and a digging device, among others. The project was concerned with the design of a human interface which could be used, from earth, to control the movements of SKITTER on the lunar surface. Preliminary inquiries were also made into necessary modifications required to adapt the panel to both a shirt-sleeve lunar environment and to a mobile unit which could be used by a man in a space suit at a lunar work site.

A proposed first generation human interface control panel is described which will be used to control SKITTER, a three-legged lunar walking machine. Under development at Georgia Tech, SKITTER will be a multi-purpose, un-manned vehicle capable of preparing a site for the proposed lunar base in advance of the arrival of men. This walking machine will be able to accept modular special purpose tools, such as a crane, a core sampling drill, and a digging device, among others. The project was concerned with the design of a human interface which could be used, from earth, to control the movements of SKITTER on the lunar surface. Preliminary inquiries were also made into necessary modifications required to adapt the panel to both a shirt-sleeve lunar environment and to a mobile unit which could be used by a man in a space suit at a lunar work site.

A proposed first generation human interface control panel is described which will be used to control SKITTER, a three-legged lunar walking machine. Under development at Georgia Tech, SKITTER will be a multi-purpose, un-manned vehicle capable of preparing a site for the proposed lunar base in advance of the arrival of men. This walking machine will be able to accept modular special purpose tools, such as a crane, a core sampling drill, and a digging device, among others. The project was concerned with the design of a human interface which could be used, from earth, to control the movements of SKITTER on the lunar surface. Preliminary inquiries were also made into necessary modifications required to adapt the panel to both a shirt-sleeve lunar environment and to a mobile unit which could be used by a man in a space suit at a lunar work site.

A proposed first generation human interface control panel is described which will be used to control SKITTER, a three-legged lunar walking machine. Under development at Georgia Tech, SKITTER will be a multi-purpose, un-manned vehicle capable of preparing a site for the proposed lunar base in advance of the arrival of men. This walking machine will be able to accept modular special purpose tools, such as a crane, a core sampling drill, and a digging device, among others. The project was concerned with the design of a human interface which could be used, from earth, to control the movements of SKITTER on the lunar surface. Preliminary inquiries were also made into necessary modifications required to adapt the panel to both a shirt-sleeve lunar environment and to a mobile unit which could be used by a man in a space suit at a lunar work site.

A proposed first generation human interface control panel is described which will be used to control SKITTER, a three-legged lunar walking machine. Under development at Georgia Tech, SKITTER will be a multi-purpose, un-manned vehicle capable of preparing a site for the proposed lunar base in advance of the arrival of men. This walking machine will be able to accept modular special purpose tools, such as a crane, a core sampling drill, and a digging device, among others. The project was concerned with the design of a human interface which could be used, from earth, to control the movements of SKITTER on the lunar surface. Preliminary inquiries were also made into necessary modifications required to adapt the panel to both a shirt-sleeve lunar environment and to a mobile unit which could be used by a man in a space suit at a lunar work site.

A proposed first generation human interface control panel is described which will be used to control SKITTER, a three-legged lunar walking machine. Under development at Georgia Tech, SKITTER will be a multi-purpose, un-manned vehicle capable of preparing a site for the proposed lunar base in advance of the arrival of men. This walking machine will be able to accept modular special purpose tools, such as a crane, a core sampling drill, and a digging device, among others. The project was concerned with the design of a human interface which could be used, from earth, to control the movements of SKITTER on the lunar surface. Preliminary inquiries were also made into necessary modifications required to adapt the panel to both a shirt-sleeve lunar environment and to a mobile unit which could be used by a man in a space suit at a lunar work site.