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Endometrium Cuntplow's last live, freeform, improved in-studio noise session while living in Nebraska.

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Artist: endometrium cuntplow Album: Farewell To The Middle Of The West Year: 2008 CAT#: TFN089 COLLECTION: Black & White Era Style: Experimental Electronics, Industrial, Noise, IDM-ish break, Harshnoise Tracks: 1. The Never Happenings Part 1 2. Nebraska Hates Noise 3. The Never Happenings Part 2 4. In Fields 5. Goodbye Cows In The 308 6. Nebraska Really Hates Harshnoise Notes: All tracks and artwork by David Lucien Matheke. Recorded May, 2008 Serpent Holder Studio. This is my goodbye to Nebraska album. You have been my home for the last 2 1/2 years. I love you and I hate you. You have helped me grow and change into a better person, and I have met some amazing people in you, but I am not sad to see you go. Maybe one day you will wake up and see the error of your ways and stop hunting and raising animals just to kill and eat them. Keep it up with the corn and soy beans though ;) thank you for your time, xo, däv http://myspace.com/trashfucknet http://last.fm/label/TRASHFUCK+NET http://myspace.com/endometriumcuntplow http://last.fm/music/endometrium+cuntplow

This article is from Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences , volume 25 . Abstract During embryo implantation in pigs, the uterine endometrium undergoes dramatic morphological and functional changes accompanied with dynamic gene expression. Since the greatest amount of embryonic losses occur during this period, it is essential to understand the expression and function of genes in the uterine endometrium. Although many reports have studied gene expression in the uterine endometrium during the estrous cycle and pregnancy, the pattern of global gene expression in the uterine endometrium in response to the presence of a conceptus (embryo/fetus and associated extraembryonic membranes) has not been completely determined. To better understand the expression of pregnancy-specific genes in the endometrium during the implantation period, we analyzed global gene expression in the endometrium on day (D) 12 and D15 of pregnancy and the estrous cycle using a microarray technique in order to identify differentially expressed endometrial genes between D12 of pregnancy and D12 of the estrous cycle and between D15 of pregnancy and D15 of the estrous cycle. Results showed that the global pattern of gene expression varied with pregnancy status. Among 23,937 genes analyzed, 99 and 213 up-regulated genes and 92 and 231 down-regulated genes were identified as differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the uterine endometrium on D12 and D15 of pregnancy compared to D12 and D15 of the estrous cycle, respectively. Functional annotation clustering analysis showed that those DEGs included genes involved in immunity, steroidogenesis, cell-to-cell interaction, and tissue remodeling. These findings suggest that the implantation process regulates differential endometrial gene expression to support the establishment of pregnancy in pigs. Further analysis of the genes identified in this study will provide insight into the cellular and molecular bases of the implantation process in pigs.

This article is from PLoS ONE , volume 9 . Abstract In cattle, conceptus-maternal interactions are critical for the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. A major component of this early interaction involves the transport of nutrients and secretion of key molecules by uterine epithelial cells to help support conceptus development during the peri-implantation period of pregnancy. Objectives were to: 1) analyze temporal changes in the amino acid (AA) content of uterine luminal fluid (ULF) during the bovine estrous cycle; 2) understand conceptus-induced alterations in AA content; 3) determine expression of AA transporters in the endometrium and conceptus; and 4) determine how these transporters are modulated by (Progesterone) P4. Concentrations of aspartic acid, arginine, glutamine, histidine, lysine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine and tyrosine decreased on Day 16 of the estrous cycle but increased on Day 19 in pregnant heifers (P

This article is from PLoS ONE , volume 9 . Abstract In cattle, conceptus-maternal interactions are critical for the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. A major component of this early interaction involves the transport of nutrients and secretion of key molecules by uterine epithelial cells to help support conceptus development during the peri-implantation period of pregnancy. Objectives were to: 1) analyze temporal changes in the amino acid (AA) content of uterine luminal fluid (ULF) during the bovine estrous cycle; 2) understand conceptus-induced alterations in AA content; 3) determine expression of AA transporters in the endometrium and conceptus; and 4) determine how these transporters are modulated by (Progesterone) P4. Concentrations of aspartic acid, arginine, glutamine, histidine, lysine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine and tyrosine decreased on Day 16 of the estrous cycle but increased on Day 19 in pregnant heifers (P

This article is from PLoS ONE , volume 9 . Abstract In cattle, conceptus-maternal interactions are critical for the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. A major component of this early interaction involves the transport of nutrients and secretion of key molecules by uterine epithelial cells to help support conceptus development during the peri-implantation period of pregnancy. Objectives were to: 1) analyze temporal changes in the amino acid (AA) content of uterine luminal fluid (ULF) during the bovine estrous cycle; 2) understand conceptus-induced alterations in AA content; 3) determine expression of AA transporters in the endometrium and conceptus; and 4) determine how these transporters are modulated by (Progesterone) P4. Concentrations of aspartic acid, arginine, glutamine, histidine, lysine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine and tyrosine decreased on Day 16 of the estrous cycle but increased on Day 19 in pregnant heifers (P

This article is from Annals of Oncology , volume 23 . Abstract Background:: We evaluated the prognostic importance of DNA ploidy in stage I and II endometrioid adenocarcinoma (EAC) of the endometrium with a focus on DNA index. Patients and methods:: High-resolution DNA ploidy analysis was carried out in tumor material from 937 consecutive patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage I and II EAC of the endometrium. Results:: Patients with diploid (N = 728), aneuploid tumor with DNA index ≤1.20 (N = 118), aneuploid tumors with DNA index >1.20 (N = 39) and tetraploid tumor (N = 52) had 5-year recurrence rates 8%, 14%, 20% and 12%, respectively. Patients with aneuploid tumor with DNA index >1.20 had a poorer 5-year progression-free survival (67%) and overall survival (72%) compared with the patients with aneuploid tumor with DNA index ≤1.20 (81% and 89%, respectively). Aneuploid tumors with DNA index ≤1.20 relapsed mainly in the vagina and pelvis, whereas aneuploid tumors with DNA index >1.20 relapsed predominantly outside pelvis. Conclusions:: The recurrence risk for the patients with aneuploid tumor is higher than the patients with diploid tumor in EAC of the endometrium. Based on DNA index with cut-off 1.20, aneuploid tumors can be separated into two subgroups with different recurrence pattern and survival.

This article is from BMC Veterinary Research , volume 9 . Abstract Background: Oestrogens and progesterone have a significant impact on the endometrium during the canine oestrous cycle. Their receptors mediate plasma steroid hormone levels and are expressed in several endometrial cell types. Altered steroid receptor expression patterns are involved in serious uterine diseases; however the mechanisms of hormone action during pathogenesis in these tissues remain unclear. The development of 3D culture systems of canine endometrial cells provides an opportunity for the effects of steroid hormones to be quantitatively assessed in a more in vivo-like setting. The present study aimed to determine the effects of the steroid hormones 17β-estradiol (E) and progesterone (P) on the expression of the oestrogen and progesterone receptors (ER and PR), and on proliferative activity, in a 3D co-culture system of canine uterine origin, comprising differentiated endometrial glands, and stromal cells (SCs). Results: Morphology, differentiation, and apical-basolateral polarity of cultured glandular epithelial cells (GECs) were comparable to those in native uterine tissue as assessed by immunohistochemistry using differentiation markers (β-catenin, laminin), lectin histochemistry, and transmission electron microscopy. Supplementation of our 3D-culture system with E (at 15, 30 and 100 pg/mL) resulted in constant levels of ER expression in GECs, but reduced expression levels in SCs. PR expression was reduced in both GECs and SCs following treatment with E. 3 ng/mL P resulted in increased ER expression in GECs, but a decrease in SCs. PR expression in GECs increased in all P-treated groups, whereas PRs in SCs decreased with the lowest and highest doses, but increased with the middle dose of treatment. Proliferative activity, assessed by Ki67 staining, remained below 1% in all assays and cell types. Conclusions: The present study demonstrates the applicability of our 3D organotypic canine endometrium-derived culture system for cellular-level studies. 3D cultures represent near-physiological systems allowing reproducible quantitative experimentation, thus reducing the need to experiment on living animals. The results of the present investigation emphasize the importance of co-culture of the uterine glands with SCs, as it was shown that the responsiveness of the different cell types to steroid hormones were divergent in the 3D cell culture model.

This article is from Gynecologic Oncology Case Reports , volume 5 . Abstract ► Peritoneal keratin granulomas infrequently manifest themselves in conjunction with gynecologic cancer. ► We report on a patient with synchronous ovarian and uterine cancers that contained extensive keratin granulomas. ► Comprehensive pathologic sampling may be essential to conferring optimal patient management.

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This paper is in the public domain in USA. Metadata comes from the CrossRef API, see full record in the source URL below.

A kit for remixing 2 endomtrium cuntplow songs for an upcoming net release single.

This article is from Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research : CR , volume 33 . Abstract Although a number of in vitro studies have demonstrated the antiproliferative, anti-invasive, and antimetastatic effects of metformin in multiple cancer cell types, its cellular and molecular mechanisms of anti-cancer action in the endometrium of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have not yet been fully elucidated. Organic cation transporters (OCTs) and multidrug and toxin extrusion proteins (MATEs) are known to be involved in metformin uptake and excretion in cells. In this article, we discuss the novel therapeutic possibilities for early-stage endometrial carcinoma (EC) in women with PCOS focusing on metformin, which might have a direct effect in the endometrium through the OCTs and MATEs. We then review the molecular mechanism(s) of the action of metformin in the endometrium and highlight possible mechanistic insights into the inhibition of cell proliferation and tumor growth and, ultimately, the reversal of early-stage EC into normal endometria in women with PCOS.

This article is from Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research : CR , volume 33 . Abstract Although a number of in vitro studies have demonstrated the antiproliferative, anti-invasive, and antimetastatic effects of metformin in multiple cancer cell types, its cellular and molecular mechanisms of anti-cancer action in the endometrium of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have not yet been fully elucidated. Organic cation transporters (OCTs) and multidrug and toxin extrusion proteins (MATEs) are known to be involved in metformin uptake and excretion in cells. In this article, we discuss the novel therapeutic possibilities for early-stage endometrial carcinoma (EC) in women with PCOS focusing on metformin, which might have a direct effect in the endometrium through the OCTs and MATEs. We then review the molecular mechanism(s) of the action of metformin in the endometrium and highlight possible mechanistic insights into the inhibition of cell proliferation and tumor growth and, ultimately, the reversal of early-stage EC into normal endometria in women with PCOS.

This article is from Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology : RB&E , volume 10 . Abstract Background: Apical surfaces of human endometrial epithelium and endothelium are key elements for the initiation of molecular interactions to capture the blastocyst or leukocyte, respectively. The L-selectin adhesion system has been strongly proposed to play an important role in the initial steps of trophoblast adhesion and promotion of integrin-dependent processes, ultimately culminating in the establishment of the embryo-maternal interface. On the basis of these facts, we hypothesized a novel role for pinopodes as the first embryo-fetal contact sites to contain the highest subcellular expression of L-selectin ligand suggesting its role in early adhesion as predicted. Thus, the objective of this study was therefore to determine the subcellular pattern of distribution of the L-selectin ligand (MECA-79) in human endometrial apical membrane region during the window of implantation. Methods: Endometrial biopsies of secretory phases from fertile females ranging in age between 25 and 42years were studied using several approaches, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), immunostaining for light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and immunoblotting as well as statistical analysis of the area-related numerical densities of immunoreactive MECA-79-bound nanogolds to detect the expression pattern and the subcellular distribution pattern of L-selectin ligand (MECA-79) in human endometrium during the window of implantation. Results: The endometrial biopsies were scored according the dating criteria of Noyes et al. by an experienced histologist. The SEM images of the midluteal phase specimens revealed that fully developed pinopodes were abundant in our samples. HRP-immunostaining and immunofluorescent staining as well as immunoblotting revealed that MECA-79 was expressed in the midluteal phase specimens. The results of immunogold TEM illustrated the expression of MECA-79 in human pinopodes in the midluteal phase and a higher area-relate numerical density in pinopodes compared to that of the uterodome-free areas. Conclusions: This is the first demonstration of the subcellular localization of MECA-79 in the human pinopodes which may indicate a novel role for pinopodes to be capable of shear-stress-dependent tethering-type adhesion in the initial phases of human embryo implantation.

This article is from Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences , volume 15 . Abstract Objective(s): Sildenafil citrate is a new drug and has special properties that bring about nitric oxide effects on vascular smooth muscle. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of ovarian stimulation and sildenafil citrate injection on pinopode expression in mice. Materials and Methods: Thirty adult female mice were randomly divided into three groups: control, hyperstimulated and hyperstimulated +sildenafil citrate injection. In experimental groups mice received 7.5 IU human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG) and then after 48 hr received 7.5 IU human chorionic gonadotropic (HCG) hormones. After that every two females were put with one male in one cage for mating. Hyperstimulated +sildenafil citrate group were injected with sildenafil citrate (3 mg/mouse) every 24 hr for three days, after HMG injection. The animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation 96 hr after HMG injection, and their uterine specimens (the middle one-third) were prepared for transmission electron microscope studies. Result: Electron microscopy observations showed that in the control group there were long and short microvilli while no developed pinopodes were observed, however, in the two other groups, well developed pinopodes were expressed 4 days after HMG injection. Conclusion: The results showed that hyperstimulation of mice with sildenafil citrate may be more helpful in formation of pinopodes and implantation.

This article is from PLoS ONE , volume 8 . Abstract Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) induces stem cells to mobilize to the injury site, which have beneficial effect on tissue repair. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of G-CSF on the thin endometrium in rat models. In the present study, rats with thin endometrium were divided into 4 groups (experimental group I: administrated with G-CSF (40 µg/kg/d) 4–6 hours post-modeling; control group I: administrated with saline 4–6 hours post-modeling; experimental group II: administrated with G-CSF (40 µg/kg/d) 12 days post-modeling; control group II: administrated with saline 12 days post-modeling. The agentia was given once daily and last for 5 days. Endometrial morphology was analyzed by Hematoxylin-Eosin staining, and the regeneration of endometrial cells was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and western-blot with cytokeratin and vimentin. We found that endometrial thickness and morphology presented a significant difference between experimental groups and control groups. No matter when we start with G-CSF, there was a significantly thicker endometrium and stronger expression of cytokeratin/vimintin in the experimental groups compared with the control groups (P

This article is from PLoS ONE , volume 8 . Abstract Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) induces stem cells to mobilize to the injury site, which have beneficial effect on tissue repair. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of G-CSF on the thin endometrium in rat models. In the present study, rats with thin endometrium were divided into 4 groups (experimental group I: administrated with G-CSF (40 µg/kg/d) 4–6 hours post-modeling; control group I: administrated with saline 4–6 hours post-modeling; experimental group II: administrated with G-CSF (40 µg/kg/d) 12 days post-modeling; control group II: administrated with saline 12 days post-modeling. The agentia was given once daily and last for 5 days. Endometrial morphology was analyzed by Hematoxylin-Eosin staining, and the regeneration of endometrial cells was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and western-blot with cytokeratin and vimentin. We found that endometrial thickness and morphology presented a significant difference between experimental groups and control groups. No matter when we start with G-CSF, there was a significantly thicker endometrium and stronger expression of cytokeratin/vimintin in the experimental groups compared with the control groups (P

This article is from Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences , volume 26 . Abstract Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a useful tool for animal cloning, but the efficiency of producing viable offspring by SCNT is very low. To improve this efficiency in the production of cloned pigs, it is critical to understand the interactions between uterine function and cloned embryos during implantation. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a lipid mediator that plays an important role in the establishment of pregnancy in pigs; however, LPA production in the uterine endometrium of pigs carrying SCNT-cloned conceptuses has not been determined. Therefore, we investigated expression of ENPP2, an LPA-generating enzyme, in the uterine endometrium of gilts with conceptuses derived from SCNT during the implantation period. Uterine endometrial tissue and uterine flushing were obtained from gilts carrying SCNT-derived conceptuses and from gilts carrying conceptuses resulting from natural mating on d 12 of pregnancy. Our results demonstrated no difference in the level of ENPP2 mRNA expression in the uterine endometrium between gilts carrying SCNT-derived conceptuses and gilts carrying naturally-conceived conceptuses, but secretion of ENPP2 protein into the uterine lumen did decrease significantly in pigs with SCNT-derived conceptuses. These results indicate that expression and secretion of ENPP2, which are critical for appropriate LPA production and successful pregnancy, are dysregulated in the uterine endometrium of pigs carrying SCNT-derived conceptuses.

This article is from Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences , volume 26 . Abstract Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a useful tool for animal cloning, but the efficiency of producing viable offspring by SCNT is very low. To improve this efficiency in the production of cloned pigs, it is critical to understand the interactions between uterine function and cloned embryos during implantation. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a lipid mediator that plays an important role in the establishment of pregnancy in pigs; however, LPA production in the uterine endometrium of pigs carrying SCNT-cloned conceptuses has not been determined. Therefore, we investigated expression of ENPP2, an LPA-generating enzyme, in the uterine endometrium of gilts with conceptuses derived from SCNT during the implantation period. Uterine endometrial tissue and uterine flushing were obtained from gilts carrying SCNT-derived conceptuses and from gilts carrying conceptuses resulting from natural mating on d 12 of pregnancy. Our results demonstrated no difference in the level of ENPP2 mRNA expression in the uterine endometrium between gilts carrying SCNT-derived conceptuses and gilts carrying naturally-conceived conceptuses, but secretion of ENPP2 protein into the uterine lumen did decrease significantly in pigs with SCNT-derived conceptuses. These results indicate that expression and secretion of ENPP2, which are critical for appropriate LPA production and successful pregnancy, are dysregulated in the uterine endometrium of pigs carrying SCNT-derived conceptuses.

This article is from Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences , volume 26 . Abstract Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a useful tool for animal cloning, but the efficiency of producing viable offspring by SCNT is very low. To improve this efficiency in the production of cloned pigs, it is critical to understand the interactions between uterine function and cloned embryos during implantation. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a lipid mediator that plays an important role in the establishment of pregnancy in pigs; however, LPA production in the uterine endometrium of pigs carrying SCNT-cloned conceptuses has not been determined. Therefore, we investigated expression of ENPP2, an LPA-generating enzyme, in the uterine endometrium of gilts with conceptuses derived from SCNT during the implantation period. Uterine endometrial tissue and uterine flushing were obtained from gilts carrying SCNT-derived conceptuses and from gilts carrying conceptuses resulting from natural mating on d 12 of pregnancy. Our results demonstrated no difference in the level of ENPP2 mRNA expression in the uterine endometrium between gilts carrying SCNT-derived conceptuses and gilts carrying naturally-conceived conceptuses, but secretion of ENPP2 protein into the uterine lumen did decrease significantly in pigs with SCNT-derived conceptuses. These results indicate that expression and secretion of ENPP2, which are critical for appropriate LPA production and successful pregnancy, are dysregulated in the uterine endometrium of pigs carrying SCNT-derived conceptuses.

This article is from Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences , volume 26 . Abstract Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a useful tool for animal cloning, but the efficiency of producing viable offspring by SCNT is very low. To improve this efficiency in the production of cloned pigs, it is critical to understand the interactions between uterine function and cloned embryos during implantation. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a lipid mediator that plays an important role in the establishment of pregnancy in pigs; however, LPA production in the uterine endometrium of pigs carrying SCNT-cloned conceptuses has not been determined. Therefore, we investigated expression of ENPP2, an LPA-generating enzyme, in the uterine endometrium of gilts with conceptuses derived from SCNT during the implantation period. Uterine endometrial tissue and uterine flushing were obtained from gilts carrying SCNT-derived conceptuses and from gilts carrying conceptuses resulting from natural mating on d 12 of pregnancy. Our results demonstrated no difference in the level of ENPP2 mRNA expression in the uterine endometrium between gilts carrying SCNT-derived conceptuses and gilts carrying naturally-conceived conceptuses, but secretion of ENPP2 protein into the uterine lumen did decrease significantly in pigs with SCNT-derived conceptuses. These results indicate that expression and secretion of ENPP2, which are critical for appropriate LPA production and successful pregnancy, are dysregulated in the uterine endometrium of pigs carrying SCNT-derived conceptuses.

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ABSTRACT Aims: Endometrial carcinoma is the most common gynecological cancer in developed countries and the second most common in Turkey. Due to its significant impact on survival rates, recurrence rates, as well as treatment and post-treatment approaches, identifying and studying prognostic factors is of great importance. This article aims to review the prognostic parameters established for endometrial carcinoma and investigate the studies and findings related to these parameters. Methods: The study included 50 patients who underwent surgery for endometrial carcinoma at our clinic between January 1999 and May 2001. Investigations and results related to prognostic factors in endometrial carcinoma were examined in these patients. Results: The average age of the patients was found to be 56.72 ± 8.02 years. %70 of the patients were in Stage 1, 6% were in Stage 2, 22% were in Stage 3, and the remaining 2% were in Stage 4. Peritoneal cytology was positive in 5 out of 41 patients in whom peritoneal cytology was examined (12.2%). Among the 49 patients evaluated for myometrial invasion, 11 had tumor confined to the endometrium without myometrial invasion. In 16 patients, there was 1/3 inner myometrial invasion, 15 patients had 1/3 middle myometrial invasion, and 7 patients had 1/3 outer myometrial invasion. When we compared grade and depth of myometrial invasion in the cases examined, it was observed that out of 17 patients with Grade 1 tumors, 1 had deep myometrial invasion (½ outside), while out of 22 patients with Grade 2 tumors, 8 had deep myometrial invasion, and out of 4 patients with Grade 3 tumors, 3 had deep myometrial invasion. Conclusion: The results of the examination of prognostic parameters, including age, histological grade, myometrial invasion, peritoneal cytology, histological type, adnexal spread, and tumor size, in the studied patient group were consistent with previous research in this field.

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The Royal College of Surgeons of England

This article is from The Journal of Reproduction and Development , volume 59 . Abstract Transforming growth factor (TGF) β and its receptors are expressed at the conceptus-maternal interface during early pregnancy in the pig. The present studies were conducted to examine: (1) the effect of conceptus products on TGFβ1 mRNA expression and protein concentration in the porcine endometrium using in vivo and in vitro models, and (2) the effect of TGFβ1 on proliferation of porcine trophoblast cells in vitro. During in vivo experiments, gilts with one surgically detached uterine horn were slaughtered on days 11 or 14 of the estrous cycle and pregnancy. For in vitro studies, endometrial explants and luminal epithelial (LE) cells co-cultured with stromal (ST) cells were treated with conceptus-exposed medium (CEM). Moreover, porcine trophoblast cells were treated with TGFβ1, and the number of viable cells was measured. On day 11, the presence of conceptuses had no effect on TGFβ1 mRNA expression, but decreased the TGFβ1 protein concentration in the connected uterine horn compared with the detached uterine horn. In contrast to day 11, on day 14 after estrus, TGFβ1 mRNA expression and protein content in the endometrium collected from the gravid uterine horn were greater when compared with the contralateral uterine horn. The treatment of endometrial slices with CEM resulted in greater TGFβ1 mRNA expression and protein secretion. LE cells responded to CEM with an increased TGFβ1 mRNA level. Moreover, TGFβ1 stimulated the proliferation of day 14 trophoblast cells. In summary, porcine conceptuses may regulate TGFβ1 synthesis in the endometrium at the time of implantation. TGFβ1, in turn, may promote conceptus development by increasing the proliferation of trophoblast cells.

This article is from International Journal of Nanomedicine , volume 9 . Abstract A copper/low-density polyethylene nanocomposite (nano-Cu/LDPE), a potential intrauterine device component material, has been developed from our research. A logical extension of our previous work, this study was conducted to investigate the expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), substance P (SP), and substance P receptor (SP-R) in the endometrium of Sprague Dawley rats, New Zealand White rabbits, and Macaca mulatta implanted with nano-Cu/LDPE composite. The influence of the nano-Cu/LDPE composite on the morphology of the endometrium was also investigated. Animals were randomly divided into five groups: the sham-operated control group (SO group), bulk copper group (Cu group), LDPE group, and nano-Cu/LDPE groups I and II. An expression of PAI-1, SP, and SP-R in the endometrial tissues was examined by immunohistochemistry at day 30, 60, 90, and 180 postimplantation. The significant difference for PAI-1, SP, and SP-R between the nano-Cu/LDPE groups and the SO group (P

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This article is from The Journal of Reproduction and Development , volume 59 . Abstract T cells are the dominant lymphocytes in the endometrium and are considered to play a crucial role in implantation and in the maintenance of gestation through cytokine production and immune regulation. The mechanisms underlying immunoregulation at the feto-maternal interface are still obscure for this complex system. Understanding the role of T cells is a key factor in understanding the endometrial immune system. In this study, the distribution of endometrial CD3+ T cells in bovines was examined by immunohistochemical analysis. The estrous cycle and gestation was divided into 4 stages, and the number of CD3+-positive T cells was counted in each stage. CD3+ cells were found in the endometrium in significant numbers throughout the estrous cycle and were mostly located in the subepithelial area. The number of CD3+ cells significantly increased in the early and mid-luteal phases but decreased after implantation with the progression of gestation. No T cells were found in the placentome or specifically in the tissues near the fetus, including the trophoblastic area. In addition, very few T cells were found in stromal regions close to the myometrium of the endometrium. These findings suggest that downregulation of bovine endometrial CD3+ T-cell functions is closely related to the successful maintenance of gestation in a spatiotemporal manner.

This article is from Iranian Journal of Cancer Prevention , volume 6 . Abstract Background: Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic malignancy that has often proceeded by a premalignant phase. Modern molecular and immunostaining methods for precancerous lesions diagnosis have been expanded. One of the genetic alternations in the endometrial cancer carcinogenesis is the mutational activation of the K-ras oncogene. K-ras mutation has recognized to occur at an early stage of neoplastic progression in the endometrium. The purpose of this study is to investigate the expression pattern of K-ras gene in atypical and nonatypical hyperplastic endometrium. Methods: In a prospective study in the referral gynecologic hospital in Tehran, immunohistochemical evaluation of K-ras has performed on 72 consecutive specimens in two following groups: endometrial hyperplasia without atypia (n: 36), and endometrial hyperplasia with atypia (n: 36). Staining of cells has evaluated in arbitrary quantitative methods in regards to both slides area staining and intensity of color reaction. Results: K-ras immunoreactivity has seen in 3/36 (8.3%) cases of non-atypical hyperplasia and in 2/36 (5.6%) cases of atypical hyperplasia (P: 0.64). Conclusion: We have not establish any significant differences in K-ras expression between the atypical and nonatypical hyperplastic endometrium, and our data has supported this view that K-ras mutation is a very rare event in human endometrial carcinogenesis.

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This article is from Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology : RB&E , volume 10 . Abstract Background: Endometriosis (EM) is highly associated with infertility. The precise mechanism underlying EM-associated infertility remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate the pathogenesis of infertility in women with EM by comparing FoxP3+ T regulatory cells (Tregs) expression in the eutopic endometrium of infertile women with EM and endometrium from healthy fertile women. Methods: As a marker of Tregs, FoxP3 expression was analyzed in eutopic endometrium during the peri-implantation phase in infertile women with mild EM (n = 7), advanced EM (n = 20), and normally fertile women without EM (n = 20). FoxP3 mRNA expression was analyzed by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. FoxP3 protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Results: FoxP3 mRNA expression in all infertile patients with EM was significantly higher than the control group (P 

This article is from Molecular Human Reproduction , volume 17 . Abstract Prokineticin 1 (PROK1) signalling via prokineticin receptor 1 (PROKR1) regulates the expression of several genes with important roles in endometrial receptivity and implantation. This study investigated PROK1 regulation of Dickkopf 1 (DKK1) expression, a negative regulator of canonical Wnt signalling, and its function in the non-pregnant endometrium and first trimester decidua. DKK1 mRNA expression is elevated during the mid-secretory phase of the menstrual cycle and expression increases further in first trimester decidua. DKK1 protein expression is localized to glandular epithelial and stromal cells during the proliferative, early- and mid-secretory phases, whereas expression is confined to the stroma in the late-secretory phase and first trimester decidua. PROK1 induces the expression of DKK1 in endometrial epithelial cells stably expressing PROKR1 and in first trimester decidua explants, via a Gq-calcium-calcineurin-nuclear factor of activated T-cells-mediated pathway. Endometrial epithelial cell proliferation is negatively regulated by PROK1-PROKR1 signalling. We demonstrate that this effect on cell proliferation occurs via DKK1 expression, as siRNA targeted against DKK1 reduces the PROK1-induced decrease in proliferation. Furthermore, decidualization of primary human endometrial stromal cells with progesterone and cyclic adenosine monophosphate is inhibited by miRNA knock down of PROK1 or DKK1. These data demonstrate important roles for PROK1 and DKK1 during endometrial receptivity and early pregnancy, which include regulation of endometrial cell proliferation and decidualization.

This article is from Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences , volume 25 . Abstract Calcium ions play an important role in the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy, but molecular and cellular regulatory mechanisms of calcium ion action in the uterine endometrium are not fully understood in pigs. Previously, we have shown that calcium regulatory molecules, transient receptor potential vanilloid type 5 (TRPV6) and calbindin-D9k (S100G), are expressed in the uterine endometrium during the estrous cycle and pregnancy in a pregnancy status- and stage-specific manner, and that estrogen of conceptus origin increases endometrial TRPV6 expression. However, regulation of S100G expression in the uterine endometrium and conceptus expression of S100G has been not determined during early pregnancy. Thus, we investigated regulation of S100G expression by estrogen and interleukin-1β (IL1B) in the uterine endometrium and conceptus expression of S100G during early pregnancy in pigs. We obtained uterine endometrial tissues from day (D) 12 of the estrous cycle and treated with combinations of steroid hormones, estradiol-17β (E2) and progesterone (P4), and increasing doses of IL1B. Real-time RT-PCR analysis showed that E2 and IL1B increased S100G mRNA levels in the uterine endometrium, and conceptuses expressed S100G mRNA during early pregnancy, as determined by RT-PCR analysis. To determine if endometrial expression of S100G mRNA during the implantation period was affected by the somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) procedure, we compared S100G mRNA levels in the uterine endometrium from gilts with SCNT-derived conceptuses with those from gilts with conceptuses derived from natural mating on D12 of pregnancy. Real-time RT-PCR analysis showed that levels of S100G mRNA in the uterine endometrium from gilts carrying SCNT-derived conceptuses was significantly lower than those from gilts carrying conceptuses derived from natural mating. These results showed that S100G expression in the uterine endometrium was regulated by estrogen and IL1B of conceptus origin, and affected by the SCNT procedure during early pregnancy. These suggest that conceptus signals regulate S100G, an intracellular calcium transport protein, for the establishment of pregnancy in pigs.

This article is from The Journal of Reproduction and Development , volume 59 . Abstract Cortisol (Cr), the most important glucocorticoid (GC), is well known to suppress uterine prostaglandin F2α (PGF) production. However, the details of the regulatory mechanisms controlling the cyclic changes in endometrial PGF production remain unclear. Here we investigated the expression of the GC receptor (GC-Rα), the actions of cortisol throughout the estrous cycle and the regulatory mechanism of GC-Rα in the bovine endometrium. The levels of GC-Rα protein were greater at the mid-luteal stage (Days 8–12) than at the other stages. Cr more strongly suppressed PGF production at the mid-luteal stage than at the follicular stage. GC-Rα expression was increased by progesterone (P4) but decreased by estradiol-17β (E2) in cultured endometrial stromal cells. The overall results suggest that ovarian steroid hormones control the cyclic changes in endometrial PGF production by regulating GC-Rα expression in bovine endometrial stromal cells.

Aim: To evaluate the clinical manifestations of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), ultrasonography findings and compare with histopathological results. Material and Method: A total of 404 women with AUB were classified as; Group I: 18-39 years, Group II: 40-50 years, Group III: >50 years old. Age, parity, bleeding pattern, menstrual history, laboratory results, ultrasonography and histopathological findings were evaluated.  Results: Almost half presented with AUB were in the premenopausal group [196 (48.51%)], followed by 150(37.13%) postmenopausal group and 58(14.36%) reproductive age group. The most common bleeding pattern was menometrorrhagia followed by metrorrhagia. Endometrial pathologies were observed in 306 (75.74%) and normal menstrual pattern in 98 (24.26%) participants of AUB. Endometrium cancer was seen in 7 (1.7%) women. In the reproductive period most common pathology was hormonal imbalance pattern. Endometrial polyp was the dominant pathology in premenopausal and postmenopausal age groups. All malignancy cases were in the postmenopausal age group. Malignancy was in 4(19.04%) women who gave birth < 3 and in 1(4.76%) who had ≥3 children. Four women with vaginal delivery had malignancy whereas no malignancy was seen in women with only cesarean history. Among 109 women who had endometrial thickness <4mm, 15(13.76%) had irregular endometrial proliferation and polyp, 1 (0.92%) had endometrioid CA. Of 295 women who had endometrial thickness >4mm, 30 (10.17%) had endometrial hyperplasia, 6(2.03%) had endometrium cancer.  Discussion: Transvaginal ultrasonography can be used as diagnostic method to evaluate endometrial thickness and differentiate uterine pathologies. However in the case of recurrent uterine bleeding, endometrial sampling should be performed disregarding ultrasonography findings.

This article is from Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology : RB&E , volume 10 . Abstract Background: A decrease in HOXA11 expression in eutopic mid-secretory endometrium has been found in women with endometriosis-associated infertility. Methods: Using Real-time quantitative PCR (RQ-PCR) and western blotting analysis we studied the HOXA11 transcript and protein levels in mid-luteal eutopic endometrium from eighteen infertile women with minimal endometriosis, sixteen healthy fertile women and sixteen infertile women with fallopian tubal occlusion from the Polish population. We also evaluated transcript levels of DNA methyltransferases DNMT1, DNMT3A and DNMT3B in these groups of women. Results: There were significantly lower levels of HOXA11 transcripts (p = 0.003, p = 0.041) and protein (p = 0.004, p = 0.001) in women with endometriosis as compared to fertile women and infertile women with tubal occlusion. Moreover, we found significantly higher methylation levels of the CpG region in the first exon of HOXA11 in infertile women with endometriosis compared with fertile women (p < 0.001) and infertile women with tubal occlusion (p < 0.001). We also observed significantly increased levels of DNMT3A transcript in women with endometriosis than fertile women (p = 0.044) and infertile women with tubal occlusion (p = 0.047). However, we did not observe significant differences in DNMT1 and DNMT3B transcript levels between these investigated groups of women. Conclusions: We confirmed that reduced HOXA11 expression may contribute to endometriosis-associated infertility. Moreover, we found that DNA hypermethylation can be one of the possible molecular mechanisms causing a decrease in HOXA11 expression in the eutopic mid-secretory endometrium in infertile women with endometriosis.

This article is from Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology : RB&E , volume 10 . Abstract Background: A decrease in HOXA11 expression in eutopic mid-secretory endometrium has been found in women with endometriosis-associated infertility. Methods: Using Real-time quantitative PCR (RQ-PCR) and western blotting analysis we studied the HOXA11 transcript and protein levels in mid-luteal eutopic endometrium from eighteen infertile women with minimal endometriosis, sixteen healthy fertile women and sixteen infertile women with fallopian tubal occlusion from the Polish population. We also evaluated transcript levels of DNA methyltransferases DNMT1, DNMT3A and DNMT3B in these groups of women. Results: There were significantly lower levels of HOXA11 transcripts (p = 0.003, p = 0.041) and protein (p = 0.004, p = 0.001) in women with endometriosis as compared to fertile women and infertile women with tubal occlusion. Moreover, we found significantly higher methylation levels of the CpG region in the first exon of HOXA11 in infertile women with endometriosis compared with fertile women (p < 0.001) and infertile women with tubal occlusion (p < 0.001). We also observed significantly increased levels of DNMT3A transcript in women with endometriosis than fertile women (p = 0.044) and infertile women with tubal occlusion (p = 0.047). However, we did not observe significant differences in DNMT1 and DNMT3B transcript levels between these investigated groups of women. Conclusions: We confirmed that reduced HOXA11 expression may contribute to endometriosis-associated infertility. Moreover, we found that DNA hypermethylation can be one of the possible molecular mechanisms causing a decrease in HOXA11 expression in the eutopic mid-secretory endometrium in infertile women with endometriosis.

Artist: endometrium cuntplow Album: The Scientific Method / Drilling Eyes Remixes Year: 2009 CAT#: TFN152 Style: Ambient, Concrete, Glitch, Noise, Experimental Electronics, Powernoise, Breakcore, Darkcore, Rhythmic Noise, Industrial Tracks: 01. The Scientific Method 02. Drilling Eyes Filling Medication On The Stab Coil 03. Drilling Method (UFO Rmx by RiZEN) 04. The Scientific Method (Remix by Peiratis) 05. The Scientific Method (Radioactive Remix by The Radioactive Ensemble) 06. Drilling Eyes (Radioactive Remix by The Radioactive Ensemble) 07. ECP Remix 1 (Mixed by Human Vengeance Armada) 08. Drilling Eyes (HVA Remix by Human Vengeance Armada) 09. Drilling Eyes (mxtrzr Remix) 10. Harsh Glitch Girlfriends Remix (Mixed by Girlfriends) 11. Drilling Eyes Filling Medication On The Stab Coil (Air Pressure Cannons Operated By RedSK-san) 12. EC Tsm_Defmotsc (Remix by Pill Brigade) 13. Scientific Method Of Drilling Eyes (Mixed by The Insect Explosion) 14. Mega Man On PCP (Endometrium Cuntplow VS He Who Is I Am) 15. Drilling Eyes Filling Medication On The Stab Coil (Accidental Death Mix by Texas Battle Land) Contact (as available): www.myspace.com/endometriumcuntplow www.myspace.com/truerizen www.myspace.com/theradioactiveensemble www.myspace.com/xenocats www.myspace.com/heygirlfriends www.myspace.com/redsknoise www.myspace.com/pillbrigade www.myspace.com/theinsectexplosion www.myspace.com/xihdlmusickx www.myspace.com/texasbattleland www.myspace.com/trashfucknet Thank you so much to all the artist who participated in this project. I also thank you for your patience. I know it took me forever to get this out. To any artists that remixed my shit and didn't get it in on time... sorry. i will use your remixes on future releases. xo. http://tfnnetlabel.tk http://myspace.com/trashfucknet http://last.fm/label/TRASHFUCK+NET http://last.fm/music/endometrium+cuntplow http://myspace.com/endometriumcuntplow

Artist: endometrium cuntplow Album: The Scientific Method / Drilling Eyes Remixes Year: 2009 CAT#: TFN152 Style: Ambient, Concrete, Glitch, Noise, Experimental Electronics, Powernoise, Breakcore, Darkcore, Rhythmic Noise, Industrial Tracks: 01. The Scientific Method 02. Drilling Eyes Filling Medication On The Stab Coil 03. Drilling Method (UFO Rmx by RiZEN) 04. The Scientific Method (Remix by Peiratis) 05. The Scientific Method (Radioactive Remix by The Radioactive Ensemble) 06. Drilling Eyes (Radioactive Remix by The Radioactive Ensemble) 07. ECP Remix 1 (Mixed by Human Vengeance Armada) 08. Drilling Eyes (HVA Remix by Human Vengeance Armada) 09. Drilling Eyes (mxtrzr Remix) 10. Harsh Glitch Girlfriends Remix (Mixed by Girlfriends) 11. Drilling Eyes Filling Medication On The Stab Coil (Air Pressure Cannons Operated By RedSK-san) 12. EC Tsm_Defmotsc (Remix by Pill Brigade) 13. Scientific Method Of Drilling Eyes (Mixed by The Insect Explosion) 14. Mega Man On PCP (Endometrium Cuntplow VS He Who Is I Am) 15. Drilling Eyes Filling Medication On The Stab Coil (Accidental Death Mix by Texas Battle Land) Contact (as available): www.myspace.com/endometriumcuntplow www.myspace.com/truerizen www.myspace.com/theradioactiveensemble www.myspace.com/xenocats www.myspace.com/heygirlfriends www.myspace.com/redsknoise www.myspace.com/pillbrigade www.myspace.com/theinsectexplosion www.myspace.com/xihdlmusickx www.myspace.com/texasbattleland www.myspace.com/trashfucknet Thank you so much to all the artist who participated in this project. I also thank you for your patience. I know it took me forever to get this out. To any artists that remixed my shit and didn't get it in on time... sorry. i will use your remixes on future releases. xo. http://tfnnetlabel.tk http://myspace.com/trashfucknet http://last.fm/label/TRASHFUCK+NET http://last.fm/music/endometrium+cuntplow http://myspace.com/endometriumcuntplow