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In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aim to examine whether there is an association between trait anger and hostile attribution bias (HAB). Our investigation is grounded in Charles Spielberger’s State-Trait Theory of Anger, which distinguishes transient states of anger from a stable disposition to experience anger—trait anger—which persists independently of whether a person is currently angry. It is the effect of trait anger that we seek to investigate. We hypothesize that trait anger is positively associated with HAB, such that individuals with a greater propensity toward anger will exhibit higher levels of HAB. In addition, we aim to explore potential moderators of this relationship. To this end, part of our research will be exploratory. At this stage, we anticipate examining the following moderators: gender, age, type of Trait Anger measure, type of HAB measure, whether participants underwent an emotional induction prior to the HAB assessment, and the nature of that induction (e.g., provocation, recall of experiences involving specific emotions). Additional moderators may be included if they emerge as theoretically or empirically relevant during the review process.