Downloads & Free Reading Options - Results

In this thesis, a model of effectiveness for an offshore patrol vessel conducting search and rescue missions is developed and described. Beginning with a brief overview of work done by colleagues from the University of Genoa, Italy, as well as documents currently in use by the United States Navy and Coast Guard for search and rescue, this thesis provides a link between physical ship design factors and the operational effectiveness of a search and rescue mission. The methodology involved developing a search model, then using an enhanced experimental design to explore how operational noise factors, along with physical ship characteristics, impact the effectiveness of search and rescue. Those characteristics include the ships maximum speed, the number of helicopters onboard, and the number of unmanned aerial vehicles onboard. Operational noise factors include the visibility, the direction of the wind, the maximum speeds as well as the search speeds of the other search entities, the distance to the last known datum, the uncertainty radius of the last known datum, and other environmental factors. Four metamodels are then developed to express which factors have the greatest impact on the performance of the ship as a function of cumulative probability detection threshold in a search and rescue mission.

Scholars have called for the articulation of new frameworks in special education that are responsive to culture and context and that address the limitations of medical and social models of disability. In this article, we advance a theoretical and practical framework for inclusive education based on the integration of a model of relational inclusion with Amartya Sen's (1985) Capability Approach. This integrated framework engages children, educators, and families in principled practices that acknowledge differences, rather than deficits, and enable attention to enhancing the capabilities of children with disabilities in inclusive educational environments. Implications include the development of policy that clarifies the process required to negotiate capabilities and valued functionings and the types of resources required to permit children, educators, and families to create relationally inclusive environments.

Perma.cc archive of https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/capability-approach/ created on 2022-03-17 21:28:43.815649+00:00.

Indigenous Peoples are subject to marginalization, and experience systematic disadvantage in relation to health outcomes. Human development initiatives may help determine whether, and how, Indigenous Peoples are able to be agents of their own development and improve their health and wellbeing. This scoping review protocol outlines a process for synthesizing the existing evidence that has applied the Capability Approach (CA) to Indigenous People’s health and/or wellbeing. A mixed method scoping review is proposed including academic peer-reviewed publications and grey literature. Screening inclusion criteria will include Indigenous populations, using the CA approach to conceptualize health and/or wellbeing, and be available in English, Spanish, French or Portuguese. Publications that meet these criteria will undergo data extraction. Qualitative and quantitative data will be thematically and descriptively analyzed and interpreted. The proposed scoping review does not involve collecting data directly from Indigenous Peoples but will be based on previous research conducted within Indigenous settings. The current protocol and the proposed scoping review incorporate aspects of community involvement to guide the research process. This scoping review constitutes the first phase of a wider participatory action research project conducted with the Indigenous Kankuamo Peoples of Colombia. The findings of this review will be reported to local partners, published in a peer reviewed journal, and an executive summary will be shared with wider stakeholders. Within the wider project, the review will be considered alongside primary data to inform the development of tools/approaches of mental health and wellbeing for the Kankuamo communities.

The United States Marine Corps will bring toughness, vision, and refined tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) from a 13-year desert fight into the next major combat operation or small contingency. This Marine Corps proclivity for action is reflected in driven Marines, doctrine and the personnel carriers or vehicles used by Marines to execute maneuver warfare from the sea. The first responder for the next contingency will likely be the Marine Expeditionary Unit (MEU), which is the smallest seabased configuration of a Marine Air Ground Task Force. The MEU provides rapid crisis response from U.S. Navy ships and is likely to be the principal component of the future force at sea. This research informs the top procurement priorities for the United States Navy by evaluating the MEU’s expeditionary amphibious assault capability and the use of ship-to-shore connectors. In hundreds of thousands of simulated assaults, it identifies TTPs and mission profiles that achieve increased operational effectiveness, while employing less operational energy. The major results quantify the benefits of debarking amphibious forces at closer distances, show that a self-deployer presents a significant advantage to the landing force, and reveal the diminishing returns of high water speed.

Perma.cc archive of https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2016/entries/capability-approach/ created on 2022-01-20 16:41:08.734393+00:00.

A Social Identity Approach examination of the influence of ingroup capability on individual self-efficacy

This scoping review aims to investigate how previous research defined mental health and has adapted CA as a framework for its research.

A flight investigation was conducted with a variable stability helicopter to determine the effects of variations in controls and displays on helicopter instrument approach capabilities. The baseline instrument approach task was a decelerating approach to a hover along a 6 deg glide slope. Pilot evaluations were obtained for both the constant speed part of the task and the deceleration and hover part of the task. The attitude stability augmentation system (SAS) was strongly preferred over the rate SAS because the aircraft had a divergent pitch response. From a display variation standpoint, it was not possible to decelerate to a hover in a consistent manner, regardless of the control system employed, with situation information only. In particular, the deceleration and hover part of the task was unacceptable without flight director command information.

Perma.cc archive of https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2021/entries/capability-approach/ created on 2022-09-30 02:40:48.712331+00:00.

The results of flight tests to determine the feasibility of using the Global Positioning System (GPS) in the differential mode (DGPS) to provide high accuracy, precision navigation, and guidance for helicopter approaches to landing are presented. The airborne DGPS receiver and associated equipment is installed in a NASA UH-60 Black Hawk helicopter. The ground-based DGPS reference receiver is located at a surveyed test site and is equipped with a real-time VHF data link to transmit correction information to the airborne DGPS receiver. The corrected airborne DGPS information, together with the preset approach geometry, is used to calculate guidance commands which are sent to the aircraft's approach guidance instruments. The use of DGPS derived guidance for helicopter approaches to landing is evaluated by comparing the DGPS data with the laser tracker truth data. Both standard (3 deg) and steep (6 deg and 9 deg) glideslope straight-in approaches were flown. DGPS positioning accuracy based on a time history analysis of the entire approach was 0.2 m (mean) +/- 1.8 m (2 sigma) laterally and -2.0 m (mean) +/- 3.5 m (2 sigma) vertically for 3 deg glideslope approaches, -0.1 m (mean) +/- 1.5 m (2 sigma) laterally and -1.1 m (mean) +/- 3.5 m (2 sigma) vertically for 6 deg glideslope approaches and 0.2 m (mean) +/- 1.3 m (2 sigma) laterally and -1.0 m (mean) +/- 2.8 m (2 sigma) vertically for 9 deg glideslope approaches. DGPS positioning accuracy at the 200 ft decision height (DH) on a standard 3 deg slideslope approach was 0.3 m (mean) +/- 1.5 m (2 sigma) laterally and -2.3 m (mean) +/- 1.6 m (2 sigma) vertically. These errors indicate that the helicopter position based on DGPS guidance satisfies the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Category 1 (CAT 1) lateral and vertical navigational accuracy requirements.

The Testing and Evaluation of the Strategic Defense System will be conducted through integrated modeling/simulation efforts within the NTB environment. Logistics analyses to be conducted during this process must consider critical parameters of system design (e.g., maintainability, producibility), system performance (e.g., reliability, availability), and system affordability (e.g., marginal costs, life cycle costs). Many of the logistics models and simulations needed to perform these analyses exist, or are currently being developed. The thoughtful integration and application of these models, directed by S/SE, in coordination with SDIO/TE, will provide the Community with the logistics analysis capability required to support the design and definition of a producible, supportable and affordable SDS. The development of an integrated effectiveness/logistics modeling capability has been a major concern of the Logistics Modeling and Simulation Advisory Committee over the past 8 months. As such, a great deal of progress has been made in the up-front planning necessary to initiate this analysis capability within the NTB, although the nature of the Committee precludes its implementation of this plan. The technical approach summarized in the next section expands upon these pertinent Committee activities to propose a methodology for the implementation and utilization of an integrated modeling capability.

The Testing and Evaluation of the Strategic Defense System will be conducted through integrated modeling/simulation efforts within the NTB environment. Logistics analyses to be conducted during this process must consider critical parameters of system design (e.g., maintainability, producibility), system performance (e.g., reliability, availability), and system affordability (e.g., marginal costs, life cycle costs). Many of the logistics models and simulations needed to perform these analyses exist, or are currently being developed. The thoughtful integration and application of these models, directed by S/SE, in coordination with SDIO/TE, will provide the Community with the logistics analysis capability required to support the design and definition of a producible, supportable and affordable SDS. The development of an integrated effectiveness/logistics modeling capability has been a major concern of the Logistics Modeling and Simulation Advisory Committee over the past 8 months. As such, a great deal of progress has been made in the up-front planning necessary to initiate this analysis capability within the NTB, although the nature of the Committee precludes its implementation of this plan. The technical approach summarized in the next section expands upon these pertinent Committee activities to propose a methodology for the implementation and utilization of an integrated modeling capability.

This report documents the results and analysis of the Center-Terminal Radar Approach Control (TRACON) Automatic System (CTAS) on National Airspace System (NAS) performance. The NAS Performance Analysis Capability (NASPAC) Simulation Modeling System (SMS) was used to evaluate the impact CTAS would have on system level performance. Simulations were developed that included the effects CTAS would have on airport capacity and compared against simulations that did not include CTAS. Measures of delay and cost of delay were used as key metrics in the analysis. The results indicate that the deployment of CTAS would reduce operational delay and passenger delay by 34,405 and 2,277 hours respectively in 2005. These savings translate into nearly 100 million dollars.

U.S. Army doctrine requires that commanders understand, visualize, and describe the infrastructure component of the Joint Operating Environment to accomplish the Armys missions of protecting, restoring, and developing infrastructure. The functionality of modern cities relies heavily on interdependent infrastructure systems such as those for water, power, and transportation. Disruptions often propagate within and across physical infrastructure networks and result in catastrophic consequences. The reaction of communities to disasters may further transfer and aggravate the burden and facilitate cascading secondary disruptions. Hence, a holistic analysis framework that integrates infrastructure interdependencies and community behaviors is needed to evaluate vulnerability to disruptions and to assess the impact of a disaster. The research for Human-Infrastructure System Assessment (HISA) for Military Operations adopts the Capability Approach (CA) to measure and predict the impact of potential infrastructural interdictions on the City of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria. With the CA, 10 capabilities are identified to describe the well-being levels of Maiduguri. To quantify these 10 capabilities, 16 indicators were chosen to represent them. These indicator justifications provide the rationale for choosing the indicators for the corresponding capabilities and predictive modeling. Developing probabilistic predictive models of the indicators (or their indices) allows analysis of social well-being in relationship to cascading infrastructure failure.

Perma.cc archive of https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/capability-approach/ created on 2022-04-28 16:19:31.867629+00:00.

"Notions such as wellbeing, freedom, and social justice are integral to evaluating social progress and developing policies. One increasingly influential way to think about these concepts is the capability approach, a theoretical framework which was pioneered by the philosopher and economist Amartya Sen in the 1980s. In this book Ingrid Robeyns orientates readers new to the capability approach through offering an explanation of this framework. Wellbeing, Freedom and Social Justice also endeavors to resolve historical disputes in the literature and thus will be equally engaging to those familiar with the field. The author offers a novel and illuminating account of how the capability approach can be understood in a variety of academic disciplines and fields of application. Special attention is paid to clarifying misunderstandings that have been caused by different disciplinary assumptions and the interpretive consequences they have for our consideration of the capability approach. Robeyns argues that respecting the distinction between the general capability approach, and more specific capability theories or applications, helps to clear up confusion and misinterpretation. In addition, the author presents detailed analyses of well-known objections to the capability approach, and also discusses how it relates to other schools of analysis such as theories of justice, human rights, basic needs, and the human development approach. Wellbeing, Freedom and Social Justice offers an original and comprehensive account of the field. The book will appeal to scholars of the capability approach as well as new readers looking for an interdisciplinary introduction."

In this thesis, a model of effectiveness for an offshore patrol vessel conducting search and rescue missions is developed and described. Beginning with a brief overview of work done by colleagues from the University of Genoa, Italy, as well as documents currently in use by the United States Navy and Coast Guard for search and rescue, this thesis explores the link between physical ship design factors and operational effectiveness by developing the Naval Postgraduate School Search (NPSS) model. The methodology included developing the NPSS search model and then using an enhanced experimental design to explore how operational noise factors, along with physical ship characteristics, affect the effectiveness of search and rescue. Operational noise factors include visibility, wind direction, distance to the last known datum, the uncertainty radius of the last known datum, and other environmental factors. Physical ship characteristics include the ship's maximum speed, the number of helicopters onboard, and the number of unmanned aerial vehicles onboard. Four metamodels are developed to show which factors have the greatest impact on the performance of the ship as a function of cumulative probability detection threshold in a search and rescue mission.

This article is from Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) , volume 13 . Abstract Robot motor capability is a crucial factor for a robot, because it affects how accurately and rapidly a robot can perform a motion to accomplish a task constrained by spatial and temporal conditions. In this paper, we propose and derive a pseudo-index of motor performance (pIp) to characterize robot motor capability with robot kinematics, dynamics and control taken into consideration. The proposed pIp provides a quantitative measure for a robot with revolute joints, which is inspired from an index of performance in Fitts's law of human skills. Computer simulations and experiments on a PUMA 560 industrial robot were conducted to validate the proposed pIp for performing a motion accurately and rapidly.

The past decade has witnessed a notable shift in the international education policy environment, characterized by a rapid growth in private educational provision. In the context of a divisive debate on the role of the non-state sector in primary and secondary education, this paper grapples with the theoretical underpinnings of both advocacy and critique of educational privatization, paying particular attention to a rise in low-fee private schools and public-private partnerships. It is argued that three of the most commonly adopted conceptual frameworks--the neoclassical, social primary goods and rights-based approaches--each have notable shortcomings when applied to an analysis of privatization. In light of this, the overarching aim of this paper is to offer the human capability approach and to argue that it is the strongest and most appropriate framework for understanding and analyzing the complex and multi-faceted issue of private sector engagement in education.

Event-condition-action (or ECA) rules are used to capture active capability. While a number of research prototvpes of active database systems have been built, ECA rule capability in Relational DBMSs is still very limited. In this report, we address the problem of turning a traditional database management system into a full-fledged active database system without changing the underlying system. The advantages of this approach are: transparency; ability to add active capability without changing the client programs; retain relational DBMS's underlying functionality; and persistence of ECA rules using the native database functionality. This report describes how complete active database semantics can be supported on an existing SQL Server (Sybase, in our case) by adding a mediator, termed ECA Agent, between the SQL Server and the clients. ECA rules are fully supported through the ECA agent without changing applications or the SQL Server. Composite events are detected in the ECA Agent and actions are invoked in the SQL Server. Events are persisted in the native database system. ECA Agent is designed to connect to SQL Server by using Sybase connectivity products. The architecture, design, and implementation details are presented.

A Preliminary Study on the Capability Boundary of LLM and a New Implementation Approach for AGI 作者： Yongcong Chen 1 Ting Zeng 2 Xiaoyi Qia 3 作者单位： 1. New Millennium Future Technology Co.,Ltd 2. Library of Tsinghua University 3. Galaxyeye Technology Co.,Ltd 通讯作者： Yongcong Chen Email:[email protected] Ting Zeng Email:[email protected] 提交时间： 2023-05-06 摘要: With a preliminary exploration of the capability boundaries of LLM(Language Large Model),we believe that the current mainstream artificial intelligence generally adopts the technical of attention mechanism + deep learning + reinforcement learning, which cannot be applied to those fields that are difficult to a lot of trial and error. So, to achieve AGI (Artificial General Intelligence) that works in any field, its better to change the way we do it. Therefore, we propose a set of machine learning solution different from deep learning + reinforcement learning. It adopts small samples and cumulative learning, and also realizes the attention mechanism similar to transformer, and also creates a fully connected knowledge network. In addition, it can realize interactive decision making with the environment without using lots of trial and error style learning. In addition, humans can preset different innate needs to it to achieve multi-objective balance, thus achieving far higher security than the current artificial intelligence. In this paper, we propose a set of new machine learning techniques which maybe guide humans realizes AGI LLM ChatGPT GPT-4 AGI 来自： 曾婷 分类： 计算机科学 >> 计算机科学技术其他学科 投稿状态： 未投稿 引用： ChinaXiv:202305.00046 (或此版本 ChinaXiv:202305.00046V1 ) DOI:10.12074/202305.00046V1 CSTR:32003.36.ChinaXiv.202305.00046.V1 推荐引用方式： Yongcong Chen,Ting Zeng, Xiaoyi Qia.(2023).A Preliminary Study on the Capability Boundary of LLM and a New Implementation Approach for AGI.中国科学院科技论文预发布平台.doi:10.12074/202305.00046V1 版本历史 [V1] 2023-05-06 11:26:44 ChinaXiv:202305.00046V1 下载全文

Presented at TAPR 3rd Computer Networking Conference, Trenton, New Jersey

This briefing presents the framework of the technology maturation plan (TMP) for the Autonomous Approach and Landing Capability), then looks at different aspects and dimensions. Lessons learned are reviewed along with pointing to the path ahead.

A scoping review protocol to conceptualize patient empowerment in relating to the use of digital tools from a capability approach perspective

Perma.cc archive of https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/capability-approach/ created on 2022-05-14 00:07:28.513990+00:00.

Perma.cc archive of https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2016/entries/capability-approach/. created on 2022-01-12 04:30:42+00:00.

Our literature review focused on mapping research-based outputs that demonstrate the application of the Capability Approach (CA) to analyse and measure the wellbeing of girls and women across multiple geographies. The CA pioneered by Amartya Sen and infused with a gender lens by Martha Nussbaum and Ingrid Robeyns emphasises an individual’s ability to convert available resources into substantive freedoms or opportunities (capabilities) to achieve valued states of “being” and “doing” (functionings). Together, capabilities, agency and functionings allow an individual to experience a state of wellbeing. The approach is attractive because it combines an individual’s agency and personal autonomy with structural and institutional enablers and barriers to achieving functionings, e.g., gaining an education, securing employment, etc. A Working Group for the Women’s Health and Wellbeing Project (“The Project”) under the aegis of the Exemplars in Global Health Initiative identified the potential of the CA to frame the analysis of women’s health and wellbeing but recognised that issues around inequality and changes over the life course must be adequately addressed. To understand how the CA has been applied to analyses of wellbeing globally , we conducted a scoping review. The Project is an international collaboration between the Public Health Foundation of India’s Ramalingaswami Centre on Equity & Social Determinants, India; the University of Toronto’s Centre for Global Child Health, Canada; UNFPA’s Technical Division (Population Development Branch, New York), USA; George Washington University’s Milkin School of Public Health, USA; and the Federal University of Pelotas’ International Centre for Equity in Health, Brazil. The project aims to identify countries that have fared exceptionally well in assuring good health and wellbeing for girls and women over the life course.

Our literature review focused on mapping research-based outputs that demonstrate the application of the Capability Approach (CA) to analyse and measure the wellbeing of girls and women across multiple geographies. The CA pioneered by Amartya Sen and infused with a gender lens by Martha Nussbaum and Ingrid Robeyns emphasises an individual’s ability to convert available resources into substantive freedoms or opportunities (capabilities) to achieve valued states of “being” and “doing” (functionings). Together, capabilities, agency and functionings allow an individual to experience a state of wellbeing. The approach is attractive because it combines an individual’s agency and personal autonomy with structural and institutional enablers and barriers to achieving functionings, e.g., gaining an education, securing employment, etc. A Working Group for the Women’s Health and Wellbeing Project (“The Project”) under the aegis of the Exemplars in Global Health Initiative identified the potential of the CA to frame the analysis of women’s health and wellbeing but recognised that issues around inequality and changes over the life course must be adequately addressed. To understand how the CA has been applied to analyses of wellbeing globally , we conducted a scoping review. The Project is an international collaboration between the Public Health Foundation of India’s Ramalingaswami Centre on Equity & Social Determinants, India; the University of Toronto’s Centre for Global Child Health, Canada; UNFPA’s Technical Division (Population Development Branch, New York), USA; George Washington University’s Milkin School of Public Health, USA; and the Federal University of Pelotas’ International Centre for Equity in Health, Brazil. The project aims to identify countries that have fared exceptionally well in assuring good health and wellbeing for girls and women over the life course.

The results of flight tests to determine the feasibility of using the Global Positioning System (GPS) in the Differential mode (DGPS) to provide high accuracy, precision navigation and guidance for helicopter approaches to landing are presented. The airborne DGPS receiver and associated equipment is installed in a NASA UH-60 Black Hawk helicopter. The ground-based DGPS reference receiver is located at a surveyed test site and is equipped with a real-time VHF data link to transmit correction information to the airborne DGPS receiver. The corrected airborne DGPS information, together with the preset approach geometry, is used to calculate guidance commands which are sent to the aircraft's approach guidance instruments. The use of DGPS derived guidance for helicopter approaches to landing is evaluated by comparing the DGPS data with the laser tracker truth data. The errors indicate that the helicopter position based on DGPS guidance satisfies the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Category 1 (CAT 1) lateral and vertical navigational accuracy requirements.

Notions such as wellbeing, freedom, and social justice are integral to evaluating social progress and developing policies. One increasingly influential way to think about these concepts is the capability approach, a theoretical framework which was pioneered by the philosopher and economist Amartya Sen in the 1980s. In this book Ingrid Robeyns orientates readers new to the capability approach through offering an explanation of this framework. Wellbeing, Freedom and Social Justice also endeavors to resolve historical disputes in the literature and thus will be equally engaging to those familiar with the field. The author offers a novel and illuminating account of how the capability approach can be understood in a variety of academic disciplines and fields of application. Special attention is paid to clarifying misunderstandings that have been caused by different disciplinary assumptions and the interpretive consequences they have for our consideration of the capability approach. Robeyns argues that respecting the distinction between the general capability approach, and more specific capability theories or applications, helps to clear up confusion and misinterpretation. In addition, the author presents detailed analyses of well-known objections to the capability approach, and also discusses how it relates to other schools of analysis such as theories of justice, human rights, basic needs, and the human development approach. Wellbeing, Freedom and Social Justice offers an original and comprehensive account of the field. The book will appeal to scholars of the capability approach as well as new readers looking for an interdisciplinary introduction.

Notions such as wellbeing, freedom, and social justice are integral to evaluating social progress and developing policies. One increasingly influential way to think about these concepts is the capability approach, a theoretical framework which was pioneered by the philosopher and economist Amartya Sen in the 1980s. In this book Ingrid Robeyns orientates readers new to the capability approach through offering an explanation of this framework. Wellbeing, Freedom and Social Justice also endeavors to resolve historical disputes in the literature and thus will be equally engaging to those familiar with the field. The author offers a novel and illuminating account of how the capability approach can be understood in a variety of academic disciplines and fields of application. Special attention is paid to clarifying misunderstandings that have been caused by different disciplinary assumptions and the interpretive consequences they have for our consideration of the capability approach. Robeyns argues that respecting the distinction between the general capability approach, and more specific capability theories or applications, helps to clear up confusion and misinterpretation. In addition, the author presents detailed analyses of well-known objections to the capability approach, and also discusses how it relates to other schools of analysis such as theories of justice, human rights, basic needs, and the human development approach. Wellbeing, Freedom and Social Justice offers an original and comprehensive account of the field. The book will appeal to scholars of the capability approach as well as new readers looking for an interdisciplinary introduction.

The Global Observer is a Joint Capability Technology Demonstration (JCTD) initiative that is being managed by the United States Special Operations Command (US SOCOM). The JCTD Program seeks to accelerate the development and operational evaluation of mature advanced technologies to rapidly transition the new capability to military operations. The Global Observer is a liquid-hydrogen powered unmanned aircraft system that has been designed for deployment as a stratospheric satellite. It will provide an affordable, persistent presence over any designated area of interest for surveillance and communications relay missions The purpose of this study is to analyze the cost savings, as well as the other benefits associated with the operational deployment of the Global Observer. This thesis will (1) Develop a model for performing business case analyses of JCTDs, including defining the methodical structure required in the business case report; and (2) Conduct the Global Observer JCTD business case analysis, including a baseline analysis and a comprehensive sensitivity analysis based on a developed operational scenario with 6 designated areas of operations, while comparing the performance with an existing analogous system, i.e., the RQ-4 Global Hawk.

Many military planning problems are difficult to solve using pure mathematical programming techniques. One such problem is scheduling unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in military operations subject to dynamic movement and control constraints. This problem is instead formulated as a dynamic programming problem whose approximate solution is obtained via the Assignment Scheduling Capability for UAVs (ASC-U) model using concepts from both simulation and optimization. Optimization is very effective at identifying the best decision for static problems, but is weaker in identifying the best decision in dynamic systems. Simulation is very effective in modeling and capturing dynamic effects, but is weak in optimizing from alternatives. ASC-U exploits the relative strengths of both methodologies by periodically re-optimizing UAV assignments and then having the simulation transition the states according to state dynamics. ASC-U thus exploits the strengths of simulation and optimization to construct good, timely solutions that neither optimization nor simulation could achieve alone.

In order to reduce the serious problem associated with the mining of important supply f communication roads by hostile parties during peace keeping operations, the Canadian Department of National Defence has recently begun the development of a multi-sensor teleoperated mine detection vehicle, the Improved Land-Mine Detection Capability (ILDC). One sensor identified as a serious candidate for that project is a passive IR camera. In the past, many organizations have assessed the efficiency of this technique of detection and reported widely fluctuating results. It is believed that the main reason for these fluctuations is associated with the ad hoc interpretations used by different researchers. In this paper, a more systematic analysis is presented which takes into account variables such as time of the day, time of the year, weather conditions, type of road and many others. A working model is proposed in order to facilitate the prediction of theIR signature of the buried land-mines and is compared with data acquired from multiple trials. These trials were done with live mines (without fuzes) and surrogates buried in different types of road (packed gravel and sand) and during different times of the day and different times of the year.

In order to reduce the serious problem associated with the mining of important supply f communication roads by hostile parties during peace keeping operations, the Canadian Department of National Defence has recently begun the development of a multi-sensor teleoperated mine detection vehicle, the Improved Land-Mine Detection Capability (ILDC). One sensor identified as a serious candidate for that project is a passive IR camera. In the past, many organizations have assessed the efficiency of this technique of detection and reported widely fluctuating results. It is believed that the main reason for these fluctuations is associated with the ad hoc interpretations used by different researchers. In this paper, a more systematic analysis is presented which takes into account variables such as time of the day, time of the year, weather conditions, type of road and many others. A working model is proposed in order to facilitate the prediction of theIR signature of the buried land-mines and is compared with data acquired from multiple trials. These trials were done with live mines (without fuzes) and surrogates buried in different types of road (packed gravel and sand) and during different times of the day and different times of the year.

The results of flight tests to determine the feasibility of using the Global Positioning System (GPS) in the differential mode (DGPS) to provide high accuracy, precision navigation and guidance for helicopter approaches to landing are presented. The airborne DGPS receiver and associated equipment is installed in a NASA UH-60 Black Hawk helicopter. The ground-based DGPS reference receiver is located at a surveyed test site and is equipped with a real-time VHF data link to transmit correction information to the airborne DGPS receiver. The corrected airborne DGPS information, together with the preset approach geometry, is used to calculate guidance commands which are sent to the aircraft's approach guidance instruments. The use of DGPS derived guidance for helicopter approaches to landing is evaluated by comparing the DGPS data with the laser tracker truth data. Both standard (3 degrees) and steep (6 degrees and 9 degrees) glidescope straight-in approaches were flown. DGPS positioning accuracy based on a time history analysis of the entire approach was 0.2 m (mean) +/- 1.8 m (2 sigma) laterally and -2.0 m (mean) +/- 3.5 m (2 sigma) vertically for 3 degree glidescope approaches, -0.1 m (mean) +/- 1.5 m (2 sigma) laterally and -1.1 m (mean) +/- 3.5 m (2 sigma) vertically for 6 degree glidescope approaches, and 0.2 m (mean) +/- 1.3 m (2 sigma) laterally and -1.0 m (mean) +/- 2.8 (2 sigma) vertically for 9 degree glidescope approaches. DGPS positioning accuracy at the 200 ft decision height on a standard 3 degree glidescope approach was 0.3 m (mean) +/- 1.5 m (2 sigma) laterally and -2.3 m (mean) +/- 1.6 m (2 sigma) vertically. These errors indicate that the helicopter position based on DGPS guidance satisfies the International Civil Aviation Organization Category 1 lateral and vertical accuracy requirements.

The period between 1 July and 31 December, 1992, was spent developing a research plan as well as a navigation system document and flight test plan to investigate helicopter precision approach capability using the Global Positioning System (GPS). In addition, all hardware and software required for the research was acquired, developed, installed, and verified on both the test aircraft and the ground-based reference station.

This paper critically examines ethical dilemmas in global development practice through the lens of Amartya Sen’s capability approach. The study analyzes four key ethical issues: corruption, sexual exploitation and abuse, environmental impact, and pay inequality between international and local staff. Sen’s capability approach provides a theoretical framework that redefines development as the expansion of substantive freedoms and capabilities, emphasizing the elimination of injustices that prevent individuals from realizing their potential. The analysis reveals that corruption systematically restricts freedom and perpetuates inequality, with studies showing up to 87% of education funds being diverted in some contexts. Sexual exploitation transforms aid mechanisms into control systems, violating human dignity and autonomy. Environmental damage from development practices disproportionately affects vulnerable populations, while significant pay gaps between international and local staff contradict development’s core equality objectives. Despite various intervention measures, including transparency initiatives, codes of conduct, and monitoring systems, current responses remain inadequate. The paper concludes that these ethical challenges require sustained institutional reforms rather than superficial compliance measures. Future solutions must incorporate culturally-sensitive, localized approaches that ensure equity principles are reflected at the policy implementation level, moving beyond moral condemnation toward systemic structural interventions.

The United States Marine Corps will bring toughness, vision, and refined tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) from a 13-year desert fight into the next major combat operation or small contingency. This Marine Corps proclivity for action is reflected in driven Marines, doctrine and the personnel carriers or vehicles used by Marines to execute maneuver warfare from the sea. The first responder for the next contingency will likely be the Marine Expeditionary Unit (MEU), which is the smallest seabased configuration of a Marine Air Ground Task Force. The MEU provides rapid crisis response from U.S. Navy ships and is likely to be the principal component of the future force at sea. This research informs the top procurement priorities for the United States Navy by evaluating the MEU s expeditionary amphibious assault capability and the use of ship-to-shore connectors. In hundreds of thousands of simulated assaults, it identifies TTPs and mission profiles that achieve increased operational effectiveness, while employing less operational energy. The major results quantify the benefits of debarking amphibious forces at closer distances, show that a self-deployer presents a significant advantage to the landing force, and reveal the diminishing returns of high water speed.

The Global Observer is a Joint Capability Technology Demonstration (JCTD) initiative that is being managed by the United States Special Operations Command (US SOCOM). The JCTD Program seeks to accelerate the development and operational evaluation of mature advanced technologies to rapidly transition the new capability to military operations. The Global Observer is a liquid-hydrogen powered unmanned aircraft system that has been designed for deployment as a stratospheric satellite. It will provide an affordable, persistent presence over any designated area of interest for surveillance and communications relay missions. The purpose of this study is to analyze the cost savings, as well as the other benefits associated with the operational deployment of the Global Observer. This thesis will (1) Develop a model for performing business case analyses of JCTDs, including defining the methodical structure required in the business case report; and (2) Conduct the Global Observer JCTD business case analysis, including a baseline analysis and a comprehensive sensitivity analysis based on a developed operational scenario with 6 designated areas of operations, while comparing the performance with an existing analogous system, i.e., the RQ-4 Global Hawk.

This report presents a research approach that has been used to determine the key problems faced by the Australian Defence Organization (ADO) in the iterative development of C31 capability. Repeated application of the approach, combined with knowledge of strategic and technological changes, could be used assess process improvement activities. The approach uses interviews of the stakeholders in the Iterative Capability Development (ICD) process to gather information about the perceived problems. As well as documenting the approach used in a study of the key problems with the ICD process, this report illustrates the application of study design principals, such as methods for minimising potential biases in an interview-based study.

This report presents a research approach that has been used to determine the key problems faced by the Australian Defence Organization (ADO) in the iterative development of C31 capability. Repeated application of the approach, combined with knowledge of strategic and technological changes, could be used assess process improvement activities. The approach uses interviews of the stakeholders in the Iterative Capability Development (ICD) process to gather information about the perceived problems. As well as documenting the approach used in a study of the key problems with the ICD process, this report illustrates the application of study design principals, such as methods for minimising potential biases in an interview-based study.