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This work represents a mathematical analysis and simulation of dc-motor electric drive control system with variable moment of inertia. A separately-excited dc motor is used in this control system. A mathematical model for this motor has been simulated and tested in Matlab/Simulink. A closed-loop control system for this dc electric drive system is proposed. The proposed control system is based on the technical optimum method of design. The controlled variable of this system is the load angular speed. In this control system the moment of inertia is considered to be variable. It varies as a function of time. A speed controller and a current controller are designed for the suggested model to meet the desired performance specifications by using the technical optimum method.   These  controllers  are  attached  to  the  control  system and the closed-loop response is observed by simulation and testing this model. The results show the high-performance of the designed control system.

In this paper, a Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS) is discussed. The power conversion system consists of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG), a rectifier and an inverter connected to the grid. An intermediate DC bus exists between the rectifier and inverter. This conversion system use the PMSG because of its high performances, small size and its low weight compared to induction generators. The generator torque is controlled according to the generator speed and thus the power from a wind turbine settles down on the maximum power point by the MPPT control method. Modeling and Simulation of all the components has been done in MATLAB/Simulink.

This paper deals with compensation of frequently time-variable loads by means of 24 pulse STATCOM controllers. An different faults are considered as a heavily distributing load. The STATCOM system was used to ensure good power quality at the point of common coupling. For analysis of the system performance, the PSCAD EMTDC programme was applied. Simulation models of the load and two types of STATCOM controllers, 12-pulse and 24-pulse, are discussed in the paper. A MATLAB Simulink model of a measurement block is also proposed for power quality assessment. Some results of simulation are presented, which show the compensation effectiveness. Simranpreet Singh "Modelling and Control of STATCOM in Power System under Fault Conditions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd20314.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/20314/modelling-and-control-of-statcom-in-power-system-under-fault-conditions/simranpreet-singh

In today’s era a lot of steps are taken to encourage the use of renewable source of energy for the energy generation, Solar Energy are very popular now a days for the clean energy and many researches are going on to increase the efficiency of solar generation system. Due to the limitation of solar radiations and intensity of irradiation dependency on the generation system, it is necessary to design the control system according to the weather and climatic conditions by studying in details and to design a control system with artificial intelligence to extract and generate maximum power and for this purpose fuzzy control system is also very popular these days, In this work a fuzzy logic control system has been designed for the gate pulse with the predefined rules and try to achieve the desired outputs. Simulation results are shown and discussed with the Matlab Simulink simulation software to validate the proposed control strategy. This control strategy has a good performance in terms of dynamic response and output. Manish Kumar Yadav | Shailendra Verma "Modelling of Solar PV and Optimization of Chopper Based PV Array using Fuzzy Control System as Per Climatic Conditions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-3 , June 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd57550.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/57550/modelling-of-solar-pv-and-optimization-of-chopper-based-pv-array-using-fuzzy-control-system-as-per-climatic-conditions/manish-kumar-yadav

This paper explores operations that involve effects-based thinking (EBT) using Control Theory techniques in order to highlight the concept's fundamental characteristics in a simple and straightforward manner. It provides some background to EBT, and presents three formal definitions for effects-based approaches to operations (EBAO). This paper shows that Control Theory is a useful framework for studying effects-based concepts. A specific EBAO concept was modelled using Control Theory techniques. This analysis has exposed key functions for operations and key tenets for effects-based thinking as listed below: Key Functions for Operations from a Control Theory Perspective: Planning, Assessment, Execution, Decision-making, and Analysis. Organization and Technology structures must be designed to support these functions. Key Tenets of Effects-Based Thinking from a Control Theory Perspective: * Effects are higher-level states (or changes in state) of the world. * Effects span the entire range of human endeavours (political, social, etc.). * Desired effects can be decomposed as a means-end hierarchy. * Effects are planned for and assessed explicitly. * Relationships between actions and effects are often complex. * Control Theory provides both proactive and reactive feedback mechanisms that drive current effects towards their desired values. Control Theory was used to model EBT concepts and operations, and provide a theoretical basis so that effective system designs can be developed. It is hoped that this new way of looking at EBT operations will provide a framework for continued discussion and investigation of the ideas through mathematical analysis, constructive simulation, and human-in-the-loop experimentation.

This paper explores operations that involve effects-based thinking (EBT) using Control Theory techniques in order to highlight the concept's fundamental characteristics in a simple and straightforward manner. It provides some background to EBT, and presents three formal definitions for effects-based approaches to operations (EBAO). This paper shows that Control Theory is a useful framework for studying effects-based concepts. A specific EBAO concept was modelled using Control Theory techniques. This analysis has exposed key functions for operations and key tenets for effects-based thinking as listed below: Key Functions for Operations from a Control Theory Perspective: Planning, Assessment, Execution, Decision-making, and Analysis. Organization and Technology structures must be designed to support these functions. Key Tenets of Effects-Based Thinking from a Control Theory Perspective: * Effects are higher-level states (or changes in state) of the world. * Effects span the entire range of human endeavours (political, social, etc.). * Desired effects can be decomposed as a means-end hierarchy. * Effects are planned for and assessed explicitly. * Relationships between actions and effects are often complex. * Control Theory provides both proactive and reactive feedback mechanisms that drive current effects towards their desired values. Control Theory was used to model EBT concepts and operations, and provide a theoretical basis so that effective system designs can be developed. It is hoped that this new way of looking at EBT operations will provide a framework for continued discussion and investigation of the ideas through mathematical analysis, constructive simulation, and human-in-the-loop experimentation.

We consider a system of two coupled integro-differential equations modelling populations of healthy and cancer cells under therapy. Both populations are structured by a phenotypic variable, representing their level of resistance to the treatment. We analyse the asymptotic behaviour of the model under constant infusion of drugs. By designing an appropriate Lyapunov function, we prove that both densities converge to Dirac masses. We then define an optimal control problem, by considering all possible infusion protocols and minimising the number of cancer cells over a prescribed time frame. We provide a quasi-optimal strategy and prove that it solves this problem for large final times. For this modelling framework, we illustrate our results with numerical simulations, and compare our optimal strategy with periodic treatment schedules.

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This paper presents the model of a fuel cell and the design and simulation of a cascade of two DC-DC converters. First, a detailed mathematical model of fuel cell is presented and simulated. Then, a nonlinear model of the whole controlled system is developed and a robust nonlinear controller of currents is synthesized using a passivity-based control. A formal analysis based on Lyapunov stability and average theory is developed to describe the control currents loops performances. A classical PI controller is used for the voltages loops. The simulation models have been developed and tested in the MATLAB/SIMULINK. Simulated results are displayed to validate the feasibility and the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.

In this paper a control strategy is proposed for the control of battery supercapacitor based hybrid energy storage system applied to wind PV based hybrid renewable energy system. The hybrid combination of battery supercapacitor provide complement solution for high power and higher energy storage system and thereby covering wide range of applications. The controller is designed based on the variations in the DC link voltage and these variations are suppressed using controller. The proposed controller is tested under two modes of operations surplus power mode and deficit power mode. The power imbalance between supply and demand is minimized using hybrid energy storage system where low frequency components are absorbed by battery and high frequency components are tackeld by supercapacitor. The results show that the proposed control strategy worked satisfactorily for both the case. The results are verified in MATLB Simulink environment. Azhar Lateef Khan ""Modelling and Control of Wind-PV Based Hybrid Power System Considering Hybrid Energy Storage System Incorporating Battery and Supercapacitor"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-2 , February 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29981.pdf Paper Url : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/29981/modelling-and-control-of-wind-pv-based-hybrid-power-system-considering-hybrid-energy-storage-system-incorporating-battery-and-supercapacitor/azhar-lateef-khan

In this paper, a hybrid power system comprising wind and solar based renewable energy sources (RERs) is proposed. As these RERs are intermittent and random in nature, so a backup source is needed for smoothening the fluctuations in RERs output power. Fuel cell based energy storage system (ESS) along with battery energy storage (BESS) is proposed for this purpose. Both the energy sources are controlled so as to deliver energy at optimum efficiency. A separate controller is used to achieve maximum power tracking for both PV and wind resources for delivering maximum available power from these sources. PMSG based wind energy conversion system is used to extract energy from the wind. The energy from the solar, wind and fuel cell based power system is converted in to Ac form by using inverter. This power from point of common coupling supplies the load, while the excess power feeds the water electrolyzer used to generate hydrogen for supplying the fuel cells (FC). A management system is designed to manage the power flow between the system components in order to satisfy the load requirements throughout the entire operation. The study defines the power generated by the wind and PV systems is not predictable so BESS is used to smooth the large power variations and the generated hydrogen used and stored in tanks and the power generated by the fuel cells to supply the small deficiency in the load demand. Simulation results is obtained from MATLAB/Simulink software, proved the accuracy of the proposed system. Also, a complete description of the management system is presented. Akhter Hussain Shah"Modelling and Control of Wind / PV / Battery / Fuelcell based Hybrid Power System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-4 , June 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd12950.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/12950/modelling-and-control-of-wind--pv--battery--fuelcell-based-hybrid-power-system/akhter-hussain-shah

This paper presents the model of a fuel cell and the design and simulation of a cascade of two DC-DC converters. First, a detailed mathematical model of fuel cell is presented and simulated. Then, a nonlinear model of the whole controlled system is developed and a robust nonlinear controller of currents is synthesized using a passivity-based control. A formal analysis based on Lyapunov stability and average theory is developed to describe the control currents loops performances. A classical PI controller is used for the voltages loops. The simulation models have been developed and tested in the Matlab/Simulink. Simulated results are displayed to validate the feasibility and the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.

The increasing number of cars leads traffic congestion and parking problems in urban area. Small electric four-wheeled narrow tilting vehicles (NTV) have the potential to become the next generation of city cars. However, due to its narrow width, the NTV has to lean into corners like two-wheeled vehicles during a turn. It is a challenge to maintain its roll stability to protect it from falling down. This chapter aims to describe the development of NTV and drive assistance technologies in helping to improve the stability of an NTV in turning. The modelling of an NTV considers the dynamics of the tyres and power train of the vehicle. A nonlinear tilting controller for the direct tilting control mechanism is designed to reduce the nonlinear behaviour of an NTV operating at different vehicle velocities. In addition, two torque vectoring based torque controllers are designed to reduce the counter-steering process and improve the stability of the NTV when it turns into a corner. The results indicate that the designed controllers have the ability to reduce the yaw rate tracking error and maximum roll rate. Then riders can drive an NTV easily with the drive assistance system.

This paper deals with the control of hybrid PV-WIND power conversion structure. This paper develops a very important contribution which is the use of a single DC to DC converter, linearization of control of the three- level boost converter (TLBC) considering the imperfections of the passive components. The (TLBC) control provides balancing of capacitor voltages and maximum power operation of PV generator. For reasons of simplicity, a linearization based on the dynamic compensation of the disturbance is proposed. A sensorless maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm is used to maximize a power extracted of the wind generator. The proportional relation between the rotational speed and the output voltage of the rectifier allows to use a voltage sensor to estimate the DC bus voltage reference instead of a mechanical speed sensor. The control of the three-phase inverter allows a transfer of the active power, the power factor close to the unit and thus a limitation of the reactive power injected into the grid. The external control loop performs the regulation of the common DC bus voltage while the internal control loop regulates the dq components of the currents injected into the grid. The simulation results showed the validity of the control approach. The proposed power conversion structure based on a single static converter has shown very good performance in terms of efficiency, the quality of the energy produced, complementarity between the two renewable sources and reliability. The paper ends with conclusions.