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A description is given of the Apollo communications-system engineering-analysis effort that ensured the adequacy, performance, and interface compatibility of the unified S-band system elements for a successful lunar-landing mission. The evolution and conceptual design of the unified S-band system are briefly reviewed from a historical viewpoint. A comprehensive discussion of the unified S-band elements includes the salient design features of the system and serves as a basis for a better understanding of the design decisions and analyses. The significant design decisions concerning the Apollo communications-system signal design are discussed providing an insight into the role of systems analysis in arriving at the current configuration of the Apollo communications system. Analyses are presented concerning performance estimation (mathematical-model development through real-time mission support) and system deficiencies, modifications, and improvements.

This Third Edition of a proven text presents the most widely used techniques of signal and systems analysis with superb coverage of devices. Intended for junior and senior students with basic calculus, this text features a clear organization of topics beginning with convolution, then moves tounusually extensive coverage of Fourier transforms. There are generous examples of discrete system applications that students can easily follow. The second half of the text supplies broad coverage of one- and two-sided Laplace transforms and analysis of discrete signals and systems by means of thez-transform. Students will benefit from state space material that has been expanded and rearranged to present the discrete case first, as well as an expanded learning system including solutions to all exercises plus an expanded appendix table with easy access to frequently encountered mathematical relationships used in signal analysis.

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The Naval Postgraduate School's Battery Management System (BMS) manages Li-ion batteries in a possible storage system for pulsed power weapons aboard Naval Vessels. The system charges the batteries with a buck converter according to the Constant Current Constant Voltage method. The BMS uses analog equipment to measure signals and then digitally converts signals for transmittal to a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). Software processing controls the voltage and current directed to the batteries to maintain proper control and maintenance of the batteries. Based on the BMS's successful operation, the processing of voltage and current signals in the BMS is researched and documented in this thesis. The documentation is provided through a thorough signal analysis before and after each component. Specifically, the current signal is analyzed and the processes of a Hall Effect Sensor, an instrument amplifier, and an analog-to-digital converter are described. Additionally, the voltage signal and its processing by a voltage-to-frequency converter are analyzed and the FPGA programming is described. The accuracy of the collected data is shown and possible improvements to the system are documented.

The Naval Postgraduate School's Battery Management System (BMS) manages Li-ion batteries in a possible storage system for pulsed power weapons aboard Naval Vessels. The system charges the batteries with a buck converter according to the Constant Current Constant Voltage method. The BMS uses analog equipment to measure signals and then digitally converts signals for transmittal to a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). Software processing controls the voltage and current directed to the batteries to maintain proper control and maintenance of the batteries. Based on the BMS's successful operation, the processing of voltage and current signals in the BMS is researched and documented in this thesis. The documentation is provided through a thorough signal analysis before and after each component. Specifically, the current signal is analyzed and the processes of a Hall Effect Sensor, an instrument amplifier, and an analog-to-digital converter are described. Additionally, the voltage signal and its processing by a voltage-to-frequency converter are analyzed and the FPGA programming is described. The accuracy of the collected data is shown and possible improvements to the system are documented.

In this report we summarize the following research accomplishments: (a) combining our research on inverse problems with our work on the development of multiresolution stochastic models in order to develop novel and very efficient methods for the fusion and inversion of heterogeneous and multiresolution sensor data; (b) developing a significant extension of the use of our scale recursive multiresolution models for the modeling of spatial phenomena based both on a novel application of the concept of canonical correlations in statistics and on relaxing the relationship between variables in our multiresolution representations and the spatial variables they represent; (c) developing multiresolution models for SAR imagery and the use of these models as thesis for new and very effective likelihood feature for the discrimination of man made objects and natural clutter; and (d) developing a new method for signal approximation and feature extraction known as high resolution pursuit that produces stable and physically meaningful features and the application of this method to high range resolution radar data.

d through a thorough signal analysis before and after each component. Specifically, the current signal is analyzed and the processes of a Hall Effect Sensor, an instrument amplifier, and an analog-to-digital converter are described. Additionally, the voltage signal and its processing by a voltage-to-frequency converter are analyzed and the FPGA programming is described. The accuracy of the collected data is shown and possible improvements to the system are documented.

Quantized Frequency Modulation is one of the various methods used to reduce the effects of multipath propagation of high frequency radio waves. The modulation technique is described, and a signal and noise analysis is made resulting in a theoretical maximum performance criteria. A comparison is made with the performance of various configurations of the system demodulator.

Quantized Frequency Modulation is one of the various methods used to reduce the effects of multipath propagation of high frequency radio waves. The modulation technique is described, and a signal and noise analysis is made resulting in a theoretical maximum performance criteria. A comparison is made with the performance of various configurations of the system demodulator.

Hyperspectral imaging is an important tool in various fields, notably geosensing and astronomy, and with the development of new devices, it is now also being applied also in medicine. Concepts and tools from signal processing and data analysis need to be employed to analyze these large and complex data sets. In this paper, we present several techniques which generally apply to hyperspectral data, and we use them to analyze a particular data set. With light sources of increasingly broader ranges, spectral analysis of tissue sections has evolved from 2 wavelength image subtraction techniques to Raman near infra-red microspectroscopic analysis permitting discrimination of cell types and tissue patterns. We have developed and used a unique tuned light source based on micro-optoelectromechanical systems (MOEMS) and applied algorithms for spectral microscopic analysis of normal and malignant colon tissue. We compare the results to our previous studies which used a tunable liquid filter light source.

Hyperspectral imaging is an important tool in various fields, notably geosensing and astronomy, and with the development of new devices, it is now also being applied also in medicine. Concepts and tools from signal processing and data analysis need to be employed to analyze these large and complex data sets. In this paper, we present several techniques which generally apply to hyperspectral data, and we use them to analyze a particular data set. With light sources of increasingly broader ranges, spectral analysis of tissue sections has evolved from 2 wavelength image subtraction techniques to Raman near infra-red microspectroscopic analysis permitting discrimination of cell types and tissue patterns. We have developed and used a unique tuned light source based on micro-optoelectromechanical systems (MOEMS) and applied algorithms for spectral microscopic analysis of normal and malignant colon tissue. We compare the results to our previous studies which used a tunable liquid filter light source.

Signals and Systems Using MATLAB, Third Edition, features a pedagogically rich and accessible approach to what can commonly be a mathematically dry subject. Historical notes and common mistakes combined with applications in controls, communications and signal processing help students understand and appreciate the usefulness of the techniques described in the text. This new edition features more end-of-chapter problems, new content on two-dimensional signal processing, and discussions on the state-of-the-art in signal processing.

Signals and Systems Using MATLAB, Third Edition, features a pedagogically rich and accessible approach to what can commonly be a mathematically dry subject. Historical notes and common mistakes combined with applications in controls, communications and signal processing help students understand and appreciate the usefulness of the techniques described in the text. This new edition features more end-of-chapter problems, new content on two-dimensional signal processing, and discussions on the state-of-the-art in signal processing.

The interactive signal analysis and ultrasonic data collection system (ECHO1) is a real time data acquisition and display system. ECHO1 executed on a PDP-11/45 computer under the RT11 real time operating system. Extensive operator interaction provided the requisite parameters to the data collection, calculation, and data modules. Data were acquired in real time from a pulse echo ultrasonic system using a Biomation Model 8100 transient recorder. The data consisted of 2084 intensity values representing the amplitude of pulses transmitted and received by the ultrasonic unit.

The interactive signal analysis and ultrasonic data collection system (ECHO1) is a real time data acquisition and display system. ECHO1 executed on a PDP-11/45 computer under the RT11 real time operating system. Extensive operator interaction provided the requisite parameters to the data collection, calculation, and data modules. Data were acquired in real time from a pulse echo ultrasonic system using a Biomation Model 8100 transient recorder. The data consisted of 2084 intensity values representing the amplitude of pulses transmitted and received by the ultrasonic unit.

The great challenge in signal processing is to devise computationally efficient and statistically optimal algorithms for estimating signals from noisy background and understanding their contents. This thesis treats the problem of multiscale signal processing and shape analysis for an Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR) imaging system. To address some of the limitations of conventional techniques in radar image processing, an information theoretic approach for target motion estimation is first proposed. A wavelet based multiscale method for shape enhancement is subsequently derived and followed by a regression technique for shape recognition.

The great challenge in signal processing is to devise computationally efficient and statistically optimal algorithms for estimating signals from noisy background and understanding their contents. This thesis treats the problem of multiscale signal processing and shape analysis for an Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR) imaging system. To address some of the limitations of conventional techniques in radar image processing, an information theoretic approach for target motion estimation is first proposed. A wavelet based multiscale method for shape enhancement is subsequently derived and followed by a regression technique for shape recognition.

The performance of the 13.3 GHz airborne scatterometer system which is used as a microwave remote sensor to detect moisture content of soil is analyzed with respect to its antenna pattern, the signal flow in the receiver data channels, and the errors in the signal outputs. The operational principle and the sensitivity of the system, as well as data handling are also described. The dielectric property of the terrain surface, as far as the scatterometer is concerned, is contained in the assumed forms of the functional dependence of the backscattering coefficient of the incident angle.

The arterial system dynamically loads the heart through changes in arterial compliance. The pressure-volume relation of arteries is known to be nonlinear, but arterial compliance is often modeled as a constant value, due to ease of estimation and interpretation. Incorporating nonlinear arterial compliance affords insight into the continuous variations of arterial compliance in a cardiac cycle and its effects on the heart, as the arterial system is coupled with the left ventricle. We recently proposed a method for estimating nonlinear compliance parameters that yielded good results under various vasoactive states. This study examines the performance of the proposed method by quantifying the uncertainty of the method in the presence of noise and propagating the uncertainty through the system model to analyze its effects on model predictions. Kernel density estimation used within a bootstrap Monte Carlo simulation showed the method to be stable for various vasoactive states.

The Interactive Signal and Pattern Analysis and Recognition System (ISPARS) is an integrated package of interactive graphics software and signal and pattern analysis programs for visualizing and exploring sampled data streams and designing pattern logics. This report contains detailed descriptions of the subroutines, files, and linking procedures for the ISPARS components developed at the David Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center (DTNSRDC) which are not documented in other DTNSRDC reports. (Author)

This final report summarizes research accomplishments supported by AFOSR Grant F49620-92-J-0002. Over the three-year period of support under this grant we have had considerable success in each of the several components of our research program, namely the development of multiresolution statistical approaches to problems of image analysis, the analysis of singular systems with applications in efficient processing of multidimensional data, large-scale estimation and computation in remote sensing and space-time data assimilation, multiresolution and wavelet-based methods for the detection and classification of abrupt changes in signals, and data fusion and inversion using multiresolution and wavelet-based methods. In this report we outline our accomplishments in each of these areas and also include a complete list of reports and publications describing this work. (AN)

Quantized Frequency Modulation is one of the various methods used to reduce the effects of multipath propagation of high frequency radio waves. The modulation technique is described, and a signal and noise analysis is made resulting in a theoretical maximum performance criteria. A comparison is made with the performance of various configurations of the system demodulator.

Thesis (MS)--U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 1963

This paper presents a critical review of time-frequency distributions (TFDs) analysis for detection and classification of harmonic signal. 100 unique harmonic signals comprise of numerous characteristic are detected and classified by using spectrogram, Gabor transform and S-transform. The rule-based classifier and the threshold settings of the analysis are according to the IEEE Standard 1159 2009. The best TFD for harmonic signals detection and classification is selected through performance analysis with regards to the accuracy, computational complexity and memory size that been used during the analysis.

Probabilistic Methods of Signal and System Analysis, 2/e stresses the engineering applications of probability theory, presenting the material at a level and in a manner ideally suited to engineering students at the junior or senior level. It is also useful as a review for graduate students and practicing engineers.Thoroughly revised and updated, this third edition incorporates increased use of the computer in both text examples and selected problems. It utilizes MATLAB as a computational tool and includes new sections relating to Bernoulli trials, correlation of data sets, smoothing of data, computer computation of correlation functions and spectral densities, and computer simulation of systems. All computer examples can be run using the Student Version of MATLAB. Almost all of the examples and many of the problems have been modified or changed entirely, and a number of new problems have been added. A separate appendix discusses and illustrates the application of computers to signal and system analysis. 

Probabilistic Methods of Signal and System Analysis, 3/e stresses the engineering applications of probability theory, presenting the material at a level and in a manner ideally suited to engineering students at the junior or senior level. It is also useful as a review for graduate students and practicing engineers. Thoroughly revised and updated, this third edition incorporates increased use of the computer in both text examples and selected problems. It utilizes MATLAB as a computational tool and includes new sections relating to Bernoulli trials, correlation of data sets, smoothing of data, computer computation of correlation functions and spectral densities, and computer simulation of systems. All computer examples can be run using the Student Version of MATLAB. Almost all of the examples and many of the problems have been modified or changed entirely, and a number of new problems have been added. A separate appendix discusses and illustrates the application of computers to signal and system analysis.

Probabilistic Methods of Signal and System Analysis, 3/e stresses the engineering applications of probability theory, presenting the material at a level and in a manner ideally suited to engineering students at the junior or senior level. It is also useful as a review for graduate students and practicing engineers. Thoroughly revised and updated, this third edition incorporates increased use of the computer in both text examples and selected problems. It utilizes MATLAB as a computational tool and includes new sections relating to Bernoulli trials, correlation of data sets, smoothing of data, computer computation of correlation functions and spectral densities, and computer simulation of systems. All computer examples can be run using the Student Version of MATLAB. Almost all of the examples and many of the problems have been modified or changed entirely, and a number of new problems have been added. A separate appendix discusses and illustrates the application of computers to signal and system analysis.