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This final volume of a three-part report on various language research projects contains ten studies on a wide variety of language issues. The topics include "Some Aspects of Language Interference,""Contrastive Analysis of Case Marking in Polynesian Languages,""Notes on the Formation of Complex Sentences in Tunisian Arabic with Emphasis on the Relative Clause,""On Serbo-Croatian Complement Sentences,""Outline of Bengali Grammar,""Number in the Bengali Noun Phrase,""Pronominalization and Equi-Noun Phrase Deletion in Bengali,""Language-Particular Rules and Explanation in Syntax,""Evidence for Shadow Pronouns in French Relativization," and "Induced Errors." For the first two volumes of the report, see FL 003 682 and FL 003 683. (VM)

Collection of papers discussing various aspects of syntactic typology.

This study examines one analysis of Somali clause structure and syntactic typology, characterized as a radical departure, and finds in it considerable grammatical insight but also some problems. Another analysis is presented that retains both the advantages of the conventional view of the Somali sentence and the structural insights of the new analysis. Three alternative ways of viewing the Somali sentence are outlined: the conventional whole-clause approach; the "clause-plus-satellite" model that precipitated this discussion, and a third, "nucleate" analysis that recognizes both of the previous structures as applicable to the data. In development of this model, examples are drawn from a number of diverse languages, and the discussion treats these issues: realization of verbal agreement; behavior of focused constituents; case marking; and noun classes. Contains 31 references. (MSE)

THIS PAPER STATES THE COMMON GRAMMATICAL FEATURES OF SLAVIC LANGUAGES AND MENTIONS MINOR VARIATIONS FROM THE PATTERN, AS THEY EXIST IN THE SEPARATE LANGUAGES AND DIALECTS. THE AUTHOR DESCRIBES BOTH COMPONENTS OF SENTENCES AND THE ORDERING OF THESE COMPONENTS. THE BASIC KERNEL SENTENCES ARE LISTED WITH THE TYPES OF CONSTITUENTS OCCURRING IN THEM, AS WELL AS THE ORDER IN WHICH THEY OCCUR. TYPES OF SENTENCES AND CLAUSES, AND WAYS OF FORMING QUESTIONS AND INDICATING NEGATION AND AGREEMENT ARE ALL CONSIDERED IN SOME DETAIL. THE AUTHOR ALSO INDICATES THE WAYS IN WHICH THE SLAVIC GROUPS (EAST, WEST, AND SOUTH SLAVIC) DIFFER FROM EACH OTHER. (KL)

THIS PAPER STATES THE COMMON GRAMMATICAL FEATURES OF SLAVIC LANGUAGES AND MENTIONS MINOR VARIATIONS FROM THE PATTERN, AS THEY EXIST IN THE SEPARATE LANGUAGES AND DIALECTS. THE AUTHOR DESCRIBES BOTH COMPONENTS OF SENTENCES AND THE ORDERING OF THESE COMPONENTS. THE BASIC KERNEL SENTENCES ARE LISTED WITH THE TYPES OF CONSTITUENTS OCCURRING IN THEM, AS WELL AS THE ORDER IN WHICH THEY OCCUR. TYPES OF SENTENCES AND CLAUSES, AND WAYS OF FORMING QUESTIONS AND INDICATING NEGATION AND AGREEMENT ARE ALL CONSIDERED IN SOME DETAIL. THE AUTHOR ALSO INDICATES THE WAYS IN WHICH THE SLAVIC GROUPS (EAST, WEST, AND SOUTH SLAVIC) DIFFER FROM EACH OTHER. (KL)

THIS PAPER STATES THE COMMON GRAMMATICAL FEATURES OF SLAVIC LANGUAGES AND MENTIONS MINOR VARIATIONS FROM THE PATTERN, AS THEY EXIST IN THE SEPARATE LANGUAGES AND DIALECTS. THE AUTHOR DESCRIBES BOTH COMPONENTS OF SENTENCES AND THE ORDERING OF THESE COMPONENTS. THE BASIC KERNEL SENTENCES ARE LISTED WITH THE TYPES OF CONSTITUENTS OCCURRING IN THEM, AS WELL AS THE ORDER IN WHICH THEY OCCUR. TYPES OF SENTENCES AND CLAUSES, AND WAYS OF FORMING QUESTIONS AND INDICATING NEGATION AND AGREEMENT ARE ALL CONSIDERED IN SOME DETAIL. THE AUTHOR ALSO INDICATES THE WAYS IN WHICH THE SLAVIC GROUPS (EAST, WEST, AND SOUTH SLAVIC) DIFFER FROM EACH OTHER. (KL)

THIS PAPER STATES THE COMMON GRAMMATICAL FEATURES OF SLAVIC LANGUAGES AND MENTIONS MINOR VARIATIONS FROM THE PATTERN, AS THEY EXIST IN THE SEPARATE LANGUAGES AND DIALECTS. THE AUTHOR DESCRIBES BOTH COMPONENTS OF SENTENCES AND THE ORDERING OF THESE COMPONENTS. THE BASIC KERNEL SENTENCES ARE LISTED WITH THE TYPES OF CONSTITUENTS OCCURRING IN THEM, AS WELL AS THE ORDER IN WHICH THEY OCCUR. TYPES OF SENTENCES AND CLAUSES, AND WAYS OF FORMING QUESTIONS AND INDICATING NEGATION AND AGREEMENT ARE ALL CONSIDERED IN SOME DETAIL. THE AUTHOR ALSO INDICATES THE WAYS IN WHICH THE SLAVIC GROUPS (EAST, WEST, AND SOUTH SLAVIC) DIFFER FROM EACH OTHER. (KL)

This second volume of a three-part language research report presents a sketch of Hungarian syntax with emphasis on several particular aspects of grammar. The first section considers the noun phrase and covers such issues as internal word order, number, demonstratives, cases and postpositions, genitive constructions, pronominal forms of cases and postpositions, and concord. The second section on the verb and its complements concerns verbal forms and surface structure constraint phenomena. The final section presents a preliminary analysis of Hungarian complement constructions and the syntactic operations needed to account for them. For Volumes 1 and 3 of this research project, see FL 003 682 and FL 003 684. (VM)

This first volume of a three-part language research study states and illustrates that the point of departure for comparative analysis of two languages rests on a comprehensive typology in each of a number of areas of grammar. The report suggests that a limited set of functions can be isolated, and that the range of grammatical possibilities open to any given language within each of these areas can be narrowly delimited. The two grammar points considered here as examples are relative clause formation rules and case marking phenomena. Both issues are discussed in detail, and numerous examples from widely varying world languages are provided. For Volumes 2 and 3 of this study, see FL 003 683 and FL 003 684. (VM)

This first volume of a three-part language research study states and illustrates that the point of departure for comparative analysis of two languages rests on a comprehensive typology in each of a number of areas of grammar. The report suggests that a limited set of functions can be isolated, and that the range of grammatical possibilities open to any given language within each of these areas can be narrowly delimited. The two grammar points considered here as examples are relative clause formation rules and case marking phenomena. Both issues are discussed in detail, and numerous examples from widely varying world languages are provided. For Volumes 2 and 3 of this study, see FL 003 683 and FL 003 684. (VM)

Lilli Lehmann, born Elisabeth Maria Lehmann, was a German operatic soprano of phenomenal versatility. She was also a voice teacher.<BR /><BR />She wrote: "Every serious artist has a sincere desire to help others reach the goal—the goal toward which all singers are striving: to sing well and beautifully." This is the 1915 second (expanded) edition of her book, and the accompanying <a href="http://www.archive.org/details/howtosingmeinege00lehmuoft" target="_blank">online book scan</a> includes many illustrations and diagrams, both physiological and musical, which the listener will find useful.<BR /><BR />Much of Lilli Lehmann's advice is complex and demanding - the standards which she set for herself were beyond the highest aspirations of most professional singers. However, there is still much in this book that is enlightening to all those who are interested in using their voice to best advantage, both in song and the spoken word. (Summary by Ruth Golding and Wikipedia)