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A survey of school media centers in Minnesota elementary and secondary schools was undertaken to determine the extent of the progress they have made towards meeting the Information Power guidelines for automation. Two hundred schools were selected to receive an eight-page questionnaire, and 57% responded. The results show that Minnesota library media centers have made some progress toward meeting automation guidelines, but that there are still many centers that need to be strengthened. Forty-eight percent of the schools lacked an automated circulation system, 75% percent had no automated catalog, and 84% were not using automation in reference services. These statistics indicate that school library media specialists need to seek out information about automation in order to provide the technology needed in the nineties. The following conclusions are based on analyses of the data received from the respondents: (1) there is a direct relationship between the size of a school and whether the school is likely to have automated catalog, circulation, or reference services; the larger the school, the greater the chance of its being automated; (2) schools are likely to implement automation in this sequence--circulation, the catalog, and reference services; (3) library media specialists are basically satisfied with the circulation system and automated catalog that they have selected; and (4) those library media specialists who have not yet automated cited lack of money and no perceived need for automation. A copy of the questionnaire used in this study is appended. (KRN)

Katalon conducted a survey to understand and offer evidence on challenges being faced by worldwide test professionals and their organizations with test automation. In this special episode I will be speaking to Rahul Rathore to get his thoughts on this vast survey and we will share ideas on where the software testing industry is heading. You do not want to miss this one!The 'Test automation landscape report 2020' can be found here:https://www.katalon.com/test-automation-landscape-2020/Rahul Rathore contact details:Udemy - https://www.udemy.com/user/rahulrathore3/YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/c/RahulRathore41Twitter - https://twitter.com/rahulrathore41LinkedIn - www.linkedin.com/in/rahulrathore41

This survey was undertaken to determine current use of automated functions in DTIC User Technical Libraries; areas where new services and support were desired from DTIC, and what automation efforts were planned and budgeted. Forty-seven percent of the responses indicate some automated functions in the library concerned, ranging from access to DROLS or commercial services by terminal to totally automated, integrated systems. Responses to the question requesting identification of additional or expanded services from DTIC, 123 requests were indicated. They include: remote site bibliographic files, 18; electronic mail service, 15; consultation and advice, 39; automated library model, 11; dial-up access to DROLS, 12; and other services, 28. A total of 195 specific automation projects were identified as in the plans of respondents. (Author)

The internet of things (IoT) refers to the physical tools that are embedded with Internet, software, electronics, sensors and network connectivity. This involves many different systems, for example, healthcare, smart home and so on. The security problem of the IoT and the smart home infrastructure is considered, which has become an urgent issue due to the high popularity, low systemic research and the growth of threats to "us" (people seeking comfort) from "them" (surrounding things, which becoming increasingly intelligent, automated). The research is based both on a systemic, infrastructure understanding, and on an architectural, problem-oriented level. Key security risks for the infrastructure of various types-software and technical, technological, socio-psychological and others-were analyzed. The evolutionary problems of the internet of things and factors influencing the vulnerability of infrastructures have been investigated. In addition to traditional network security tasks, specific tasks (direct and reverse, for identification) are highlighted in IoT interactions and environments. This paper provides an overview of the related work in IoT, together with the open challenges and future research directions using Arduino platform (such as "thick server-thin client") to simulation modeling of time delay probability distribution based on identified simple model.

The level of automation and control necessary to support advanced life support systems for use in the manned space program is steadily increasing. As the length and complexity of manned missions increase, life support systems must be able to meet new space challenges. Longer, more complex missions create new demands for increased automation, improved sensors, and improved control systems. It is imperative that research in these key areas keep pace with current and future developments in regenerative life support technology. This paper provides an overview of past and present research in the areas of sensor development, automation, and control of life support systems for the manned space program, and it discusses the impact continued research in several key areas will have on the feasibility, operation, and design of future life support systems.

This report describes the results of a two-year study of experiences with the adoption and use of software process automation. The work was motivated by a desire to provide insights and guidelines to those planning to implement this technology. The focus of the study was primarily, but not exclusively, on end-user organizations. The study was conducted in three stages: First, in-depth interviews were conducted to assess the state of the practice. Second, a survey questionnaire was distributed to a wider number of organizations to obtain more quantitative data. The populations in these two groups turned out to be quite different-a fact that we believe enriches the content of this report. Finally, a one-day workshop was held, the objective of which was to explore with practitioners why the gap between the theory and practice of software process automation is as large as it is. A previous report by Alan Christie, et al. Christie 96 documented the results of the in-depth interviews in detail. This report now summarizes the results of the interviews, and describes in more detail the questionnaire survey and the workshop. It also provides both insight for process automation tool developers and guidelines for adoption to process-automation end users.

Title: [DPRK Premier makes field survey of Pyongyang Automation Appliances Factory] Language: en File time: 2017-05-09T00:00:00 FLV MD5 hash: 80f70ec64c0a77b7fc554d7cbc99bda7 Scraped: 2017-05-09T21:59:52.466000

The title report of this publication contains the results of a 1993 study devised to ascertain the market share and geographic distribution of automated systems in Australian school libraries. Thirty-three surveys were distributed to vendors of automated systems known to have school library installations or to have recently developed a product for this market; 29 surveys were returned. Systems included were required to perform at least three functions: cataloging, online catalog (OPAC), and circulation. Survey results provide an overview of the Australian school library automation scene as well as a brief history and contact information for some of the most common systems available. It is anticipated that subsequent surveys will occur on an annual basis. The following three papers are also included: "Crucial Factors in Online Inquiry: OPAC Design for School Library Users" (Paul Drayton); "MARC for Teacher-Librarians: An Introduction" (Ellen Paxton); and "Providing Access to Fiction in School Libraries: Some Thoughts and Observations" (Ashley Freeman). Each paper contains references, and a 65-title select bibliography of school library automation is included. (DLS)

The title report of this publication contains the results of a 1993 study devised to ascertain the market share and geographic distribution of automated systems in Australian school libraries. Thirty-three surveys were distributed to vendors of automated systems known to have school library installations or to have recently developed a product for this market; 29 surveys were returned. Systems included were required to perform at least three functions: cataloging, online catalog (OPAC), and circulation. Survey results provide an overview of the Australian school library automation scene as well as a brief history and contact information for some of the most common systems available. It is anticipated that subsequent surveys will occur on an annual basis. The following three papers are also included: "Crucial Factors in Online Inquiry: OPAC Design for School Library Users" (Paul Drayton); "MARC for Teacher-Librarians: An Introduction" (Ellen Paxton); and "Providing Access to Fiction in School Libraries: Some Thoughts and Observations" (Ashley Freeman). Each paper contains references, and a 65-title select bibliography of school library automation is included. (DLS)

The title report of this publication contains the results of a 1993 study devised to ascertain the market share and geographic distribution of automated systems in Australian school libraries. Thirty-three surveys were distributed to vendors of automated systems known to have school library installations or to have recently developed a product for this market; 29 surveys were returned. Systems included were required to perform at least three functions: cataloging, online catalog (OPAC), and circulation. Survey results provide an overview of the Australian school library automation scene as well as a brief history and contact information for some of the most common systems available. It is anticipated that subsequent surveys will occur on an annual basis. The following three papers are also included: "Crucial Factors in Online Inquiry: OPAC Design for School Library Users" (Paul Drayton); "MARC for Teacher-Librarians: An Introduction" (Ellen Paxton); and "Providing Access to Fiction in School Libraries: Some Thoughts and Observations" (Ashley Freeman). Each paper contains references, and a 65-title select bibliography of school library automation is included. (DLS)

Title from cover

NASA's operational use of advanced processor technology in space systems lags behind its commercial development by more than eight years. One of the factors contributing to this is that mission computing requirements are frequently unknown, unstated, misrepresented, or simply not available in a timely manner. NASA must provide clear common requirements to make better use of available technology, to cut development lead time on deployable architectures, and to increase the utilization of new technology. A preliminary set of advanced mission computational processing requirements of automation and robotics (A&R) systems are provided for use by NASA, industry, and academic communities. These results were obtained in an assessment of the computational needs of current projects throughout NASA. The high percent of responses indicated a general need for enhanced computational capabilities beyond the currently available 80386 and 68020 processor technology. Because of the need for faster processors and more memory, 90 percent of the polled automation projects have reduced or will reduce the scope of their implementation capabilities. The requirements are presented with respect to their targeted environment, identifying the applications required, system performance levels necessary to support them, and the degree to which they are met with typical programmatic constraints. Volume one includes the survey and results. Volume two contains the appendixes.

A survey of the status of the federal library community and its involvement with automation was undertaken; the results are summarized in this report. The study sought to define which library operations were susceptible to automation, to describe potentially useful automation techniques and to establish criteria for decisions about automation. Questionnaires were sent to 2104 federal libraries, of which 1012 responded. Major results included the findings that most federal libraries were of small or medium size, but had varied collections and offered many services. The library community favored automation, but recognized that better communication, increased manpower, and strong central support would be needed. A stronger role for the Federal Library Committee (FLC) was indicated and centralized automated networks and standardized program packages for use in federal libraries were seen as desirable. As a consequence of these findings the research team recommended to the FLC the following objectives: 1) the development of generalized system components; 2) the selective development of centralized service; 3) the extension of service to the forgotten public served by federal libraries; 4) the development of standards; and 5) the provision of effective communication mechanisms. (PB)

In the first phase of this study, reported here, researchers gathered information to define the current automation status of the Directorates of Engineering and Housing (DEHs). A series of questionnaires on Army standard, nonstandard, and user-developed ('home-grown') automated data processing packages was sent to DEHs at 80 installations. Volume I presents the results of the survey. Volume II identifies the major tasks performed by the Army installation DEH staff and the automated data processing systems or applications used to support those tasks. Keywords: Information systems, Facilities engineering management system.

In the first phase of this study, reported here, researchers gathered information to define the current automation status of the Directorates of Engineering and Housing (DEHs). A series of questionnaires on Army standard, nonstandard, and user-developed ('home-grown') automated data processing packages was sent to DEHs at 80 installations. Volume I presents the results of the survey. Volume II identifies the major tasks performed by the Army installation DEH staff and the automated data processing systems or applications used to support those tasks. Keywords: Information systems, Facilities engineering management system.

Automation of the survey process has proved successful in many industries, yet it is still underused in educational research. This is largely due to the facts (1) that number crunching is usually carried out using software that was developed before information technology existed, and (2) that the educational research is to a great extent trapped in its methods of producing tabulations, charts, and reports. This paper demonstrates the use of an automated survey data processing and reporting system called AutoRide, to cut costs, increase turnaround, and improve the quality of products delivered in both paper and online formats. With it, customized reports are automatically generated with faster and reliable results. (Author/SLD)

Shelly Hayden, USFS aerial survey data automation expert, at the 50 Years of Aerial Survey celebration. World Trade Center. Portland, Oregon. (Tommy Gregg in background.) Photo by: Julie Johnson Date: November 12, 1996 Credit: USDA Forest Service, Region 6, State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection. Source: Aerial Survey Program collection. For geospatial data collected during annual aerial forest insect and disease detection surveys see: www.fs.usda.gov/detail/r6/forest-grasslandhealth/insects-... For related historic program documentation see: archive.org/details/AerialForestInsectAndDiseaseDetection... Johnson, J. 2016. Aerial forest insect and disease detection surveys in Oregon and Washington 1947-2016: The survey. Gen. Tech. Rep. R6-FHP-GTR-0302. Portland, OR: USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection. 280 p. Image provided by USDA Forest Service, Region 6, State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection: www.fs.usda.gov/main/r6/forest-grasslandhealth

Title from cover

Mobile application development is fast emerging area in software development. The testing of the mobile application is more significant and there is lot of tools available for testing mobile applications particularly for Android and iOS. In this paper we review the five significant testing tools for Android and iOS, such as Robotium, Ranorex, Appium, MonkeyTalk and UIAutomator. Robotium supports test case developers to write function, system and acceptance test scenarios and simulate Black Box testing for android application. Ranorex is mainly used for GUI testing in windows which also supports mobile and web based application. Appium is a cross platform, which allows to write test against multiple platforms using the same API. MonkeyTalk test from simple “smoke test” to sophisticated data-driven test suites. UIAutomator is a testing framework, which ensures an app to meet its functional requirements and achieve a high standard quality.

Automating a library can be an expensive, time-consuming endeavor that includes many risks. These risks can be reduced through a variety of methods: learning all one can about the systems available that perform the functions in which one is interested, clearly defining one's needs and expressing them succinctly to vendors, and learning how other similar libraries have dealt/are dealing with similar automation projects. This paper utilizes a survey of chemical (sci-tech) libraries functioning within for-profit corporations in Ohio to generate information on ongoing and proposed automation projects for such libraries. While it would probably be difficult for one of these librarians to get approval to visit another's site, because of the competitive nature of these companies, a survey such as this provides the opportunity for these librarians to learn of successes and disappointments with systems in these other libraries. Informal discussion with some of these librarians has indicated a need for such a compilation and exchange of information. They also indicated a willingness to cooperate as fully as possible. Thirteen (87%) of the 15 libraries responding to the survey indicated that they utilize library automation (have implemented at least one project). Their responses are documented and tabulated in this paper. A copy of the survey questionnaire is appended. (14 references) (Author/DB)

A comprehensive survey was conducted of the Materiel Readiness Support Activity (MRSA) of the Army Materiel Command (AMC) to determine their uses of automated data processing technology. This survey (unattached Appendix B) was then used to project a long range plan addressing MRSA's data processing needs. The objective of the interview effort at MRSA was to assess and identify MRSA requirements for a long-range, mission oriented automation system, specifically in developing strategies for acquiring and successfully managing those systems, and in defining, evaluating, and recommending courses of action to satisfy the requirements. The approach of the interview effort was to: Identify the information data requirements, data sources, and their relationships. Keywords: Materiel readiness support activity; Automation.

A survey of line pilots' attitudes about flight deck automation was conducted by the Royal Air Force Institute of Aviation Medicine (RAF IAM, Farnborough, UK) under the sponsorship of the United Kingdom s Civil Aviation Authority and in cooperation with IATA (the International Air Transport Association). Survey freehand comments given by pilots operating 13 types of commercial transports across five manufacturers (Airbus, Boeing, British Aerospace, Lockheed, and McDonnell-Douglas) and 57 air carriers/organizations were analyzed by NASA. These data provide a "lessons learned" knowledge base which may be used for the definition of guidelines for flight deck automation and its associated crew interface within the High Speed Research Program. The aircraft chosen for analysis represented a progression of levels of automation sophistication and complexity, from "Basic" types (e.g., B727, DC9), through "Transition" types (e.g., A300, Concorde), to two levels of glass cockpits (e.g., Glass 1: e.g., A310; Glass 2: e.g., B747-400). This paper reports the results of analyses of comments from pilots flying commercial transport types having the highest level of automation sophistication (B757/B767, B747-400, and A320). Comments were decomposed into five categories relating to: (1) general observations with regard to flight deck automation; comments concerning the (2) design and (3) crew understanding of automation and the crew interface; (4) crew operations with automation; and (5) personal factors affecting crew/automation interaction. The goal of these analyses is to contribute to the definition of guidelines which may be used during design of future aircraft flight decks.

NASA's operational use of advanced processor technology in space systems lags behind its commercial development by more than eight years. One of the factors contributing to this is that mission computing requirements are frequently unknown, unstated, misrepresented, or simply not available in a timely manner. NASA must provide clear common requirements to make better use of available technology, to cut development lead time on deployable architectures, and to increase the utilization of new technology. A preliminary set of advanced mission computational processing requirements of automation and robotics (A&R) systems are provided for use by NASA, industry, and academic communities. These results were obtained in an assessment of the computational needs of current projects throughout NASA. The high percent of responses indicated a general need for enhanced computational capabilities beyond the currently available 80386 and 68020 processor technology. Because of the need for faster processors and more memory, 90 percent of the polled automation projects have reduced or will reduce the scope of their implementation capabilities. The requirements are presented with respect to their targeted environment, identifying the applications required, system performance levels necessary to support them, and the degree to which they are met with typical programmatic constraints. Volume one includes the survey and results. Volume two contains the appendixes.

In the existing Leave Automation Record, every College Department follows manual procedure in which collage faculty enters information in a record book. At the end of each month, Administration Department calculates leave s of every faculty which is a more time taking process and there are chances of losing data or errors in the records. This module is a single leave automation that is critical for HR tasks and keeps the record of virtual information regarding leaves. It intelligently adapts to HR policy of the automation and allows employees and their line managers to manage leaves and replacements if required . In this module, Head of Department HOD will have permissions to look after data of every faculty member of their department. HOD can approve leave through this application and can view leave information of every individual. This system can be used in a college to reduce processing work load. This projects main idea is to develop an online centralized application connected to database which will maintain faculty leaves and their replacements if needed . Proposed System will reduce paperwork and maintain record in a more efficient and systematic way. This module will also help to calculate the number of leaves taken monthly annually and help gather data with respect to number of leaves, thereby helping in calculating the leaves working days by the HR Department. Snehal Vijay Kamble | Amruta Shivaji Kamble | Priyanka Sanjeev Babar | Sushmita Shrimant Kakmare | Mr. Nilesh D. Ghorpode "A Survey Paper on Leave Automation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd21370.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/21370/a-survey-paper-on-leave-automation/snehal-vijay-kamble

In the existing Leave Automation Record, every College Department follows manual procedure in which collage faculty enters information in a record book. At the end of each month, Administration Department calculates leave s of every faculty which is a more time taking process and there are chances of losing data or errors in the records. This module is a single leave automation that is critical for HR tasks and keeps the record of virtual information regarding leaves. It intelligently adapts to HR policy of the automation and allows employees and their line managers to manage leaves and replacements if required . In this module, Head of Department HOD will have permissions to look after data of every faculty member of their department. HOD can approve leave through this application and can view leave information of every individual. This system can be used in a college to reduce processing work load. This projects main idea is to develop an online centralized application connected to database which will maintain faculty leaves and their replacements if needed . Proposed System will reduce paperwork and maintain record in a more efficient and systematic way. This module will also help to calculate the number of leaves taken monthly annually and help gather data with respect to number of leaves, thereby helping in calculating the leaves working days by the HR Department. Snehal Vijay Kamble | Amruta Shivaji Kamble | Priyanka Sanjeev Babar | Sushmita Shrimant Kakmare | Mr. Nilesh D. Ghorpode "A Survey Paper on Leave Automation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd21370.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/21370/a-survey-paper-on-leave-automation/snehal-vijay-kamble

NASA's operational use of advanced processor technology in space systems lags behind its commercial development by more than eight years. One of the factors contributing to this is the fact that mission computing requirements are frequency unknown, unstated, misrepresented, or simply not available in a timely manner. NASA must provide clear common requirements to make better use of available technology, to cut development lead time on deployable architectures, and to increase the utilization of new technology. Here, NASA, industry and academic communities are provided with a preliminary set of advanced mission computational processing requirements of automation and robotics (A and R) systems. The results were obtained in an assessment of the computational needs of current projects throughout NASA. The high percent of responses indicated a general need for enhanced computational capabilities beyond the currently available 80386 and 68020 processor technology. Because of the need for faster processors and more memory, 90 percent of the polled automation projects have reduced or will reduce the scope of their implemented capabilities. The requirements are presented with respect to their targeted environment, identifying the applications required, system performance levels necessary to support them, and the degree to which they are met with typical programmatic constraints. Here, appendixes are provided.

NASA's operational use of advanced processor technology in space systems lags behind its commercial development by more than eight years. One of the factors contributing to this is the fact that mission computing requirements are frequency unknown, unstated, misrepresented, or simply not available in a timely manner. NASA must provide clear common requirements to make better use of available technology, to cut development lead time on deployable architectures, and to increase the utilization of new technology. Here, NASA, industry and academic communities are provided with a preliminary set of advanced mission computational processing requirements of automation and robotics (A and R) systems. The results were obtained in an assessment of the computational needs of current projects throughout NASA. The high percent of responses indicated a general need for enhanced computational capabilities beyond the currently available 80386 and 68020 processor technology. Because of the need for faster processors and more memory, 90 percent of the polled automation projects have reduced or will reduce the scope of their implemented capabilities. The requirements are presented with respect to their targeted environment, identifying the applications required, system performance levels necessary to support them, and the degree to which they are met with typical programmatic constraints. Here, appendixes are provided.

/A Approved For Release 2007/06/14: CIA-RDP84M00395R000800170006-0 ' CONFIDENTIAL DCI/IC 82-3556 M! 4 May 1982 MEMORANDUM FOR: Mr. Maurice Lipton Comptroller, CIA FROM: Office of Program and Budget Coordination SUBJECT: Automation of the FBIS Consolidated Translation Survey (CTS) File 1. The highly useful Consolidated Translation Survey (CTS) of FBIS is currently being automated as a separate CIA computer data base. There is long-standing Community interest in this service of common concern provided by FBIS, and an upgrade of the system enjoys broad support. I have included a paper on this subject written last year which provides additional informa- tion. If 2. I am told that the CTS will be fully automated by Spring of 1983. As you know, CIA/OCR currently provides the Community an automated index of intelligence documents in RECON. The question is now being raised if this CTS automation effort will ultimately require analysts (both CIA and Community) to query a second and separate index file for documents that may be useful to their intelligence problem. 3. May I ask your office to arrange a discussion of this problem for myself and a few other members of the IC Staff with appropriate representa- tives of CIA. F-1 Attachment: a/s Approved For Release 2007/06/14: CIA-RDP84MOO395R000800170006-0 Approved For Release 2007/06/14: CIA-RDP84M00395R000800170006-0 CONFIDENTIAL SUBJECT: Automation of the FBIS Consolidated Translation Survey (CTS) File DCI/ICS/0PBCI I4 May 82) Distribution: Original - O/Compt w/att. - ICS Registry w/o att. / 3 - OPBC Chrono w/o att. - OPBC w/att. STAT STAT Approved For Release 2007/06/14: CIA-RDP84M00395R000800170006-0

Life is getting more straightforward and easier to utilize as current technologies of automation continue to progress. Automatic systems are favored over manual ones in today's society. The internet has become an integral part of everyday life as its user base has grown tremendously over the past decade, and the Internet of Things (IoT) is the most current and rising internet technology. The Internet of Things is a rapidly expanding network of everyday objects, ranging from industrial robots to consumer gadgets that can exchange data and execute activities while you are away. A smart house, often known as an automated home, is a system that uses computers or mobile devices to monitor your home. Simple house operations and features are automated and accessible from anywhere in the globe through the internet. Its mission is to protect both human and natural resources. The home automation system varies from earlier systems in that it enables users to remotely operate the system from anywhere in the globe through the internet. We propose a Home Automation system (HAS) based on Intel Galileo that combines cloud networking and wireless communication to enable users to remotely control lights, fans, and appliances while also storing data in the cloud. The gadget will modify itself automatically depending on sensor data. This system is inexpensive and versatile, which enables it to operate a large variety of devices.

Since a few years, smart devices have become an integral part of our daily lives. As a result, on smart devices, offering facilities and security is becoming more important. The goal of this article is to create a home automation system that works with Android mobile devices. Wi-Fi allows the mobile device and the system to communicate with one another. Current studies discusses the IoT-Based Smart Home Automation. Any suitable device may load the mobile application and interact with the system. Commands to turn on/off electrical equipment such as lights, fans, and air conditioners, as well as setting timers, can be delivered simply and fast from mobile devices through a simple and pleasant GUI application that is straightforward to use for any average user. The system then acts and responds to these orders by performing the tasks specified in the commands and informing the user of the outcome. Within Wi-Fi range, the user may also view the result on an Android mobile application. As a result, developing a home automation system for a luxury living that strives to create an advanced home automation system utilizing Wi-Fi technology is a solid option

1Up from Slavery: An Autobiography

By Booker T. Washington

<i>Up From Slavery</i> is the 1901 autobiography of Booker T. Washington detailing his slow and steady rise from a slave child during the Civil War, to the difficulties and obstacles he overcame to get an education at the new Hampton University, to his work establishing vocational schools—most notably the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama—to help black people and other disadvantaged minorities learn useful, marketable skills and work to pull themselves, as a race, up by the bootstraps. He reflects on the generosity of both teachers and philanthropists who helped in educating blacks and native Americans. He describes his efforts to instill manners, breeding, health and a feeling of dignity to students. (Summary from Wikipedia)

<i>Character Building</i> is a compilation of speeches, given by Mr. Booker T. Washington, to the students and staff of the Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute (now known as Tuskegee University).<br />Booker T. Washington was one of the most prominent leaders in advancing African-American civil rights. Born into slavery and freed as a young boy, he rose through the ranks of education to eventually earn his position as principal of Tuskegee. Under his guidance, the school was built, by students and for students, to give them a deeply meaningful education. Mr. Washington stressed the importance of developing oneself for life-long success. He strove to imbue in his students the highest personal standards, and these speeches represent the core messages he gave.<br />(Originally published by Doubleday, Page & Co., NY, in 1902. Summary by Luke Sartor)

3State of the Union Addresses by United States Presidents (1790 - 1816)

By John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison and George Washington

The State of the Union address is a speech presented by the President of the United States to a joint session of the United States Congress, typically delivered annually. The address not only reports on the condition of the nation but also allows the President to outline his legislative agenda (for which he needs the cooperation of Congress) and national priorities. This album contains recordings of addresses from Washington, Adams, Jefferson, and Madison. - Summary by Wikipedia and Linette Geisel

4Up From Slavery: An Autobiography (version 2)

By Booker T. Washington

Up from Slavery is the 1901 autobiography of Booker T. Washington sharing his personal experience of having to work to rise up from the position of a slave child during the Civil War, to the difficulties and obstacles he overcame to get an education at the new Hampton Institute, to his work establishing the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama to help black people learn useful, marketable skills and work to pull themselves up by the bootstraps. He reflects on the generosity of both teachers and philanthropists who helped in educating blacks and Native Americans. He describes his efforts to instill manners, breeding, health and a feeling of dignity to students. (Mark Nelson)

5Future of the American Negro

By Booker T. Washington

The history of African American enslavement, freedom from slavery, and the need for education as a prerequisite for success. - Summary by kirk202

The legacy of Booker T. Washington has inspired leaders for racial equality for over a century. He rose from a slave family to be adviser to presidents. As an educator founded the Tuskegee Institute and championed higher education to those who were denied such based on race. Booker T. Washington gives us this autobiography of his life and work. - Summary by Larry Wilson

Up from Slavery is the autobiography of American educator Booker T. Washington, describing his personal path up from the position of a slave child during the Civil War to his work at founding schools to help children from black or other disadvantaged groups learn skills that would give them the chance to work to pull themselves up by the bootstraps.

8Putting the Most Into Life

By Booker T. Washington

The chapters in this little book were originally part of a series of Sunday Evening Talks given by the Principal to the students of the Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute. They have been recast from the second to the third person, and many local allusions have been cut out. They are now sent out, in response to repeated requests, to a larger audience than that to which they were first spoken. - Summary by Booker T. Washington

This is a sequel to Washington's first autobiographical book, Up From Slavery, which depicted his early life. He says "This book contains answers to the questions I have frequently been asked as to how I have worked out for myself the educational methods which we are now using at Tuskegee; and, finally, to illustrate, for the benefit of the members of my own race, some of the ways in which a people who are struggling upward may turn disadvantages into opportunities." "The fact that I was born a Negro, and the further fact that I have all my life been engaged in a kind of work that was intended to uplift the masses of my people, has brought me in contact with many exceptional persons, both North and South." Chapter after chapter reveals how he raised money from willing white philanthropists to support Tuskegee Institute, how his travels to study European methods of education influenced him, lessons he learned from fellow negros, and how his patient educational approach differed from what many more radical black activists advocated. (Summary by Michele Fry)

10Frederick Douglass

By Booker T. Washington

An account of the life of Frederick Douglass, who escaped slavery to become one of the most important and influential abolitionists, authors, public speakers, and statesmen of his time. The author, Booker T. Washington, was also born into slavery. He became a renowned educator, advisor to several presidents, and author of a number of important works including Up From Slavery. - Summary by Ciufi Galeazzi

11Story of Slavery

By Booker T. Washington

Booker T. Washington, the author of the following sketch of slavery in America, was himself born a slave, and the story of his life begins where "The Story of Slavery" leaves off. (Summary by Emmett J. Scott)