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After discussing the general form of the kinetic operator around the tachyon vacuum, we determine the specific form of the pure-ghost kinetic operator Q^ by requiring the twist invariance of the action. We obtain a novel result that the Grassmann-even piece Q_even of Q^ must act differently on GSO(+) sector and on GSO(-) sector to preserve the twist invariance, and show that this structure is crucial for gauge invariance of the action. With this choice of Q^, we construct a solution in an approximation scheme which is conjectured to correspond to a non-BPS D9-brane. We consider both 0-picture cubic and Berkovits' non-polynomial superstring field theories for the NS sector.

We study a family of unstable heterotic string theories in more than ten dimensions which are connected via tachyon condensation to the ten-dimensional supersymmetric vacuum of heterotic string theory with gauge group SO(32). Calculating the spectrum of these theories, we find evidence for an S-duality which relates type I string theory in ten dimensions with n additional ninebrane-antininebrane pairs to heterotic string theory in 10+n dimensions with gauge group SO(32+n). The Kaluza-Klein modes of the supercritical dimensions are dual to non-singlet bound states of open strings.

This article will appear in the Encyclopedia of Mathematical Physics (Elsevier, 2006) and follows its referencing guidelines.

This article will appear in the Encyclopedia of Mathematical Physics (Elsevier, 2006) and follows its referencing guidelines.

The genus-dependence of multi-loop superstring amplitudes is bounded at large orders in perturbation theory using the super-Schottky group parametrization of supermoduli space. Partial estimates of supermoduli space integrals suggest an exponential dependence on the genus when the integration region is restricted to a single fundamental domain of the super-modular group in the super-Schottky parameter space. Bounds for N-point superstring scattering amplitudes are obtained for arbitrary N and are shown to be consistent with exact results recently obtained for special type II string amplitudes for orbifold or Calabi-Yau compactifications. It is suggested that the generic estimates, which imply the validity of superstring perturbation theory in the weak-coupling limit, might be used to determine scattering amplitudes at strong coupling because of the S-duality of type II and heterotic string theories. Non-perturbative effects are consistent with these estimates, based on a sum over closed surfaces, because they can be derived from an additional contribution to the sum over surfaces corresponding to the insertion of Dirichlet boundaries.

The free action for massless Ramond-Ramond fields is derived from closed superstring field theory using the techniques of Siegel and Zwiebach. For the uncompactified Type IIB superstring, this gives a manifestly Lorentz-covariant action for a self-dual five-form field strength. Upon compactification to four dimensions, the action depends on a U(1) field strength from 4D N=2 supergravity. However, unlike the standard Maxwell action, this action is manifestly invariant under the electromagnetic duality transformation which rotates $F_{mn}$ into $\epsilon_{mnpq} F^{pq}$.

We consider Yang-Mills theory with N=2 super translation group in ten auxiliary dimensions as the structure group. The gauge theory is defined on a direct product manifold \Sigma_2\times H^2, where \Sigma_2 is a two-dimensional Lorentzian manifold and H^2 is the open disc in R^2 with the boundary S^1=\partial H^2. We show that in the adiabatic limit, when the metric on H^2 is scaled down, the Yang-Mills action supplemented by a Wess-Zumino-type term becomes the Green-Schwarz superstring action.

It is in general very subtle to integrate over the odd moduli of super Riemann surfaces in perturbative superstring computations. We study how these subtleties go away in favorable cases, including the embedding of N=0 string to N=1 string by Berkovits and Vafa, and the relation of the graviphoton amplitude and the topological string amplitude by Antoniadis, Gava, Narain and Taylor and Bershadsky, Cecotti, Ooguri and Vafa. The Poincar\'e dual of the moduli space of Riemann surfaces in the moduli space of super Riemann surfaces plays an important role.

A simple recursive expansion algorithm for the integrals of tree level superstring five point amplitudes in a flat background is given which reduces the expansion to simple symbol(ic) manipulations. This approach can be used for instance to prove the expansion is maximally transcendental to all orders and to verify several conjectures made in recent literature to high order. Closed string amplitudes follow from these open string results by the KLT relations. To obtain insight into these results in particular the maximal R-symmetry violating amplitudes (MRV) in type IIB superstring theory are studied. The obtained expansion of the open string amplitudes reduces the analysis for MRV amplitudes to the classification of completely symmetric polynomials of the external legs, up to momentum conservation. Using Molien's theorem as a counting tool this problem is solved by constructing an explicit nine element basis for this class. This theorem may be of wider interest: as is illustrated at higher points it can be used to calculate dimensions of polynomials of external momenta invariant under any finite group for in principle any number of legs, up to momentum conservation.

In light of the present LHC Run II at $\sqrt{s}=13$ $TeV$, string y standard-like model is studied. Concretely, a singlet $S $ scalar-extended SM given in terms four stacks of intersecting D6-branes in a type IIA superstring compactification producing a large gauge symmetry is examined. The involved scales are dealt with. According to the dark matter relic density, the mass of the scalar dark matter beyond the SM $m_{S}\lesssim 10^{3}GeV$ and the corresponding Higgs portal couplings $\lambda _{SH}\lesssim 10^{-8}$ are approached.

In the NS-NS sector of superstring field theory, there potentially exist three nilpotent generators of gauge transformations and two constraint equations: It makes the gauge algebra of type II theory somewhat complicated. In this paper, we show that every NS-NS actions have their WZW-like forms, and that a triplet of mutually commutative $L_{\infty }$ products completely determines the gauge structure of NS-NS superstring field theory via its WZW-like structure. We give detailed analysis about it and present its characteristic properties by focusing on two NS-NS actions proposed by arXiv:1512.03379 and arXiv:1403.0940.

We determine the reality conditions on the string fields that make the action for heterotic and type II string field theories real.

We construct gauge invariant 1PI effective action for the NS sector of type II and heterotic string field theory. By construction, zero eigenvalues of the kinetic operator of this action determine the renormalized physical masses, and tree level amplitudes computed from this action (after gauge fixing) give the loop corrected S-matrix elements. Using this formalism we can give a simple proof of the result that the renormalized physical masses do not depend on the choice of local coordinate system and locations of picture changing operators used in defining the off-shell amplitude. We also eliminate the need for an infrared regulator in dealing with tadpoles of massless fields.

The type IIB supergravity AdS_3 x S^3 x T^4 background with mixed RR and NSNS 3-form fluxes is a near-horizon limit of a non-threshold bound state of D5-D1 and NS5-NS1 branes. The corresponding superstring world-sheet theory is expected to be integrable, opening the possibility of computing its exact spectrum for any values of the coefficient q of the NSNS flux and the string tension. In arXiv:1303.1447 we have found the tree-level S-matrix for the massive BMN excitations in this theory, which turned out to have a simple dependence on q. Here, by analyzing the constraints of symmetry and integrability, we propose an exact massive-sector dispersion relation and the exact S-matrix for this world-sheet theory. The S-matrix generalizes its recent construction in the q=0 case in arXiv:1303.5995.

Despite the lack of experimental confirmation and of unambiguous theoretical proof, superstring theory has long been considered by many the only consistent quantized theory of gravity and the unique viable framework for the unification of all fundamental forces of nature. In the first part of this essay I explore the type of reasoning used to support such statements. In order to illustrate the argument, in the second part I focus on one of the most acclaimed achievements of the theory: the AdS/CFT correspondence. Finally, I conclude by observing that what constitutes a result in superstring theory involves more than purely theoretical arguments. Specifically, the acceptance of facts in superstring theory is inextricably linked to the large group of people that make it possible, whether they are string practitioners or not.

I review the construction of an action for open superstring field theory which does not suffer from the contact term problems of other approaches. I also discuss a possible generalization of this action for closed superstring field theory.

I review the construction of an action for open superstring field theory which does not suffer from the contact term problems of other approaches. I also discuss a possible generalization of this action for closed superstring field theory.

It has been conjectured that at the stationary point of the tachyon potential for the D-brane-anti-D-brane pair or for the non-BPS D-brane of superstring theories, the negative energy density cancels the brane tensions. We study this conjecture using a Wess-Zumino-Witten-like open superstring field theory free of contact term divergences and recently shown to give 60% of the vacuum energy by condensation of the tachyon field alone. While the action is non-polynomial, the multiscalar tachyon potential to any fixed level involves only a finite number of interactions. We compute this potential to level three, obtaining 85% of the expected vacuum energy, a result consistent with convergence that can also be viewed as a successful test of the string field theory. The resulting effective tachyon potential is bounded below and has two degenerate global minima. We calculate the energy density of the kink solution interpolating between these minima finding good agreement with the tension of the D-brane of one lower dimension.

We show that certain heterotic string amplitudes are given in terms of correlators of the twisted topological (2,0) SCFT, corresponding to the internal sector of the N=1 spacetime supersymmetric background. The genus g topological partition function $F^g$ corresponds to a term in the effective action of the form $W^{2g}$, where W is the gauge or gravitational superfield. We study also recursion relations related to holomorphic anomalies, showing that, contrary to the type II case, they involve correlators of anti-chiral superfields. The corresponding terms in the effective action are of the form $W^{2g}\Pi^n$, where $\Pi$ is a chiral superfield obtained by chiral projection of a general superfield. We observe that the structure of the recursion relations is that of N=1 spacetime supersymmetry Ward identity. We give also a solution of the tree level recursion relations and discuss orbifold examples.

We show that certain heterotic string amplitudes are given in terms of correlators of the twisted topological (2,0) SCFT, corresponding to the internal sector of the N=1 spacetime supersymmetric background. The genus g topological partition function $F^g$ corresponds to a term in the effective action of the form $W^{2g}$, where W is the gauge or gravitational superfield. We study also recursion relations related to holomorphic anomalies, showing that, contrary to the type II case, they involve correlators of anti-chiral superfields. The corresponding terms in the effective action are of the form $W^{2g}\Pi^n$, where $\Pi$ is a chiral superfield obtained by chiral projection of a general superfield. We observe that the structure of the recursion relations is that of N=1 spacetime supersymmetry Ward identity. We give also a solution of the tree level recursion relations and discuss orbifold examples.

We construct analytic solutions of open superstring field theory in the Berkovits formulation using boundary condition changing operators under some regularity conditions, extending the previous construction in the bosonic string. We also consider the gauge-invariant observables corresponding to closed string one-point functions on the disk. We analytically calculate the gauge-invariant observables for the solutions both in the bosonic string and in the superstring and find the expected change of boundary conditions of the disk.

We study quantum corrections at the one loop level in open superstring tachyon condensation using the boundary string field theory (BSFT) method. We find that the tachyon field action has the same form as at the disc level, but with a renormalized effective coupling $\lambda' =g_s^{ren}e^{-T^2/4}$ ($g_s^{ren}$ is the renormalized dimensionless closed string coupling, $e^{-T^2/4}$ is the tachyonic field expectation value) and with an effective string tension. This result is in agreement with that based on general analysis of loop effects.

We construct the cubic interaction vertex and dynamically generated supercharges in light-cone superstring field theory in the pp-wave background. We show that these satisfy the pp-wave superalgebra at first order in string coupling. The cubic interaction vertex and dynamical supercharges presented here differ from the expressions previously given in the literature. Using this vertex we compute various string theory three-point functions and comment on their relation to gauge theory in the BMN limit.

Superstring perturbation theory based on the 1PI effective theory approach has been useful for addressing the problem of mass renormalization and vacuum shift. We derive Ward identities associated with space-time supersymmetry transformation in this approach. This leads to a proof of the equality of renormalized masses of bosons and fermions and identities relating fermionic amplitudes to bosonic amplitudes after taking into account the effect of mass renormalization. This also relates unbroken supersymmetry to a given order in perturbation theory to absence of tadpoles of massless scalars to higher order. The results are valid at the perturbative vacuum as well as in the shifted vacuum when the latter describes the correct ground state of the theory. We apply this to SO(32) heterotic string theory on Calabi-Yau 3-folds where a one loop Fayet-Iliopoulos term apparently breaks supersymmetry at one loop, but analysis of the low energy effective field theory indicates that there is a nearby vacuum where supersymmetry is restored. We explicitly prove that the perturbative amplitudes of this theory around the shifted vacuum indeed satisfy the Ward identities associated with unbroken supersymmetry. We also test the general arguments by explicitly verifying the equality of bosonic and fermionic masses at one loop order in the shifted vacuum, and the appearance of two loop dilaton tadpole in the perturbative vacuum where supersymmetry is expected to be broken.

We evaluate the vacuum energy of a simple tachyon vacuum solution using the level truncation scheme in cubic superstring field theory. By truncating the standard Virasoro $L_0$ level expansion of the solution, we obtain a value of the vacuum energy in agreement with Sen's first conjecture.

We study the Lorentzian version of the type IIB matrix model as a nonperturbative formulation of superstring theory in (9+1)-dimensions. Monte Carlo results show that not only space but also time emerges dynamically in this model. Furthermore, the real-time dynamics extracted from the matrices turns out to be remarkable: 3 out of 9 spatial directions start to expand at some critical time. This can be interpreted as the birth of our Universe.

Using the Batalin-Vilkovisky formalism we provide a detailed analysis of the NS sector of boundary superstring field theory. We construct explicitly the relevant BV structure and derive the master action. Furthermore, we show that this action is exactly equal to the superdisk worldsheet partition function as was recently conjectured.

Stemming from relationships between a number of information describing a system and entropy content of the system it is possible to determine maximal cosmological time. The contribution manifests a compatibility of the superstring theory and the model of Expansive Nondecelerative Universe.

Stemming from relationships between a number of information describing a system and entropy content of the system it is possible to determine maximal cosmological time. The contribution manifests a compatibility of the superstring theory and the model of Expansive Nondecelerative Universe.

Using the topological techniques developed in an earlier paper with Vafa, a field theory action is constructed for any open string with critical N=2 worldsheet superconformal invariance. Instead of the Chern-Simons-like action found by Witten, this action resembles that of a Wess-Zumino-Witten model. For the N=2 string which describes (2,2) self-dual Yang-Mills, the string field generalizes the scalar field of Yang. As was shown in recent papers, an N=2 string can also be used to describe the Green-Schwarz superstring in a Calabi-Yau background. In this case, one needs three types of string fields which generalize the real superfield of the super-Yang-Mills prepotential, and the chiral and anti-chiral superfields of the Calabi-Yau scalar multiplet. The resulting field theory action for the open superstring in a Calabi-Yau background has the advantages over the standard RNS action that it is manifestly SO(3,1) super-Poincar\'e invariant and does not require contact terms to remove tree-level divergences.

Instanton and seven-brane solutions of type IIB supergravity carrying charges in the Ramond-Ramond sector are constructed. The singular seven-brane has a quantized \RR \ \lq magnetic' charge whereas its dual is the instanton, which is non-singular in the string frame and has an associated {\it global} \lq electric' charge. The product of these charges is constrained by a Dirac quantization condition. The instanton has the form of a space-time wormhole in the string frame, and is responsible for the non-conservation of the Noether current.

This talk deals with the old problem of formulatingn a covariant quantum theory of superstrings, ``covariant'' here meaning having manifest Lorentz symmetry and supersymmetry. The advantages and disadvantages of several quantization methods are reviewed. Special emphasis is put on the approaches using twistorial variables, and the algebraic structures of these. Some unsolved problems are identified.

The method of the calculation of the multi-loop superstring amplitudes is proposed. The amplitudes are calculated from the equations that are none other than Ward identities. They are derived from the requirement that the discussed amplitudes are independent from a choice of gauge of both the vierbein and the gravitino field. The amplitudes are calculated in the terms of the superfields vacuum correlators on the complex (1|1) supermanifolds. The superconformal Schottky groups appropriate for this aim are built for all the spinor structures. The calculation of the multi- loop boson emission amplitudes in the closed, oriented Ramond-Neveu-Schwarz superstring theory is discussed in details. The main problem arises for those spinor structures that correspond to the Ramond fermion loops. Indeed, in this case the superfield vacuum correlators can not be derived by a simple extension of the boson string results. The method of the calculation of the above correlators is proposed. The discussed amplitudes due to all the even spinor structures is given in the explicit form.

These four lectures, addressed to an audience of graduate students in experimental high energy physics, survey some of the basic concepts in string theory. The purpose is to convey a general sense of what string theory is and what it has achieved. Since the characteristic scale of string theory is expected to be close to the Planck scale, the structure of strings probably cannot be probed directly in accelerator experiments. The most accessible experimental implication of superstring theory is supersymmetry at or below the TeV scale.

In one-loop string effective action, we study a generality of non-singular cosmological solutions found in the isotropic and homogeneous case. We discuss Bianchi I and IX type spacetimes. We find that nonsingular solutions still exist in Bianchi I model around nonsingular flat Friedmann solutions. On the other hand, we cannot find any nonsingular solutions in Bianchi IX model. Non-existence of nonsingular Bianchi IX universe may be consistent with the analysis by Kawai, Sakagami and Soda, i.e. the tensor mode perturbations against nonsingular flat Friedmann universe are unstable, because Bianchi IX model can be regarded as a closed Friedmann universe with a single gravitational wave. So based on these facts, we may conclude the nonsingular universe is found in isotropic case is generally unstable, a singularity avoidance may not work in the present model.

Perturbative superstring theory is revisited, with the goal of giving a simpler and more direct demonstration that multi-loop amplitudes are gauge-invariant (apart from known anomalies), satisfy space-time supersymmetry when expected, and have the expected infrared behavior. The main technical tool is to make the whole analysis, including especially those arguments that involve integration by parts, on supermoduli space, rather than after descending to ordinary moduli space.

We consider the dimensional regularization of the light-cone gauge type II superstring field theories in the NSR formalism. In the previous work, we have calculated the tree-level amplitudes with external lines in the (NS,NS) sector using the regularization and shown that the desired results are obtained without introducing contact term interactions. In this work, we study the tree-level amplitudes with external lines in the Ramond sector. In order to deal with them, we propose a worldsheet theory to be used instead of that for the naive dimensional regularization. With the worldsheet theory, we regularize and define the tree-level amplitudes by analytic continuation. We show that the results coincide with those of the first quantized formulation.

We consider the Pohlmeyer-type reduced theory found by explicitly solving the Virasoro constraints in the formulation of AdS_5xS^5 superstring in terms of supercoset currents. The resulting set of classically equivalent, integrable Lagrangian equations of motion has the advantage of involving only a physical number of degrees of freedom and yet being 2d Lorentz invariant. The corresponding reduced theory action may be written as a gauged WZW model coupled to fermions with further bosonic and fermionic potential terms. Since the AdS_5xS^5 superstring sigma model is conformally invariant, its classical relation to the reduced theory may extend to the quantum level only if the latter is, in fact, UV finite. This theory is power counting renormalizable with the only possible divergences being of potential type. We explicitly verify its 1-loop finiteness and show that the 2-loop divergences are, in general, scheme dependent and vanish in dimensional reduction scheme. We expect that the reduced theory is finite to all orders in the loop expansion.

We study boundary states in (p,q) minimal superstring theory, combining the explicit form of matter wave functions. Within the modular bootstrap framework, Cardy states of (p,q) minimal superconformal field theory are completely determined in both cases of the different supercharge combinations, and the remaining consistency checks in the super-Liouville case are also performed. Using these boundary states, we determine the explicit form of FZZT- and ZZ-brane boundary states both in type 0A and 0B GSO projections. Annulus mplitudes of FZZT branes are evaluated and principal FZZT branes are identified. In particular, we found that these principal FZZT branes do not satisfy Cardy's consistency conditions for each other and play a role of order/disorder parameters of the Kramers-Wannier duality in spacetime of this superstring theory.

We perform a detailed study of the type IIA superstring in AdS(4) x CP(3). After introducing suitable bosonic light-cone and fermionic kappa worldsheet gauges we derive the pure boson and fermion SU(2|2) x U(1) covariant light-cone Hamiltonian up to quartic order in fields. As a first application of our derivation we calculate energy shifts for string configurations in a closed fermionic subsector and successfully match these with a set of light-cone Bethe equations. We then turn to investigate the mismatch between the degrees of freedom of scattering states and oscillatory string modes. Since only light string modes appear as fundamental Bethe roots in the scattering theory, the physical role of the remaining $4_F+4_B$ massive oscillators is rather unclear. By continuing a line of research initiated by Zarembo, we shed light on this question by calculating quantum corrections for the propagators of the bosonic massive fields. We show that, once loop corrections are incorporated, the massive coordinates dissolve in a continuum state of two light particles.

Using the boundary state formalism we study rotating and moving D$p$-branes in the presence of the following background fields: Kalb-Ramond, $U(1)$ gauge potential and the tachyon field. The rotation and motion are in the brane volumes. The interaction amplitude of two D$p$-branes will be studied, and specially contribution of the superstring massless modes will be segregated. Because of the tachyon fields, rotations and velocities of the branes, the behavior of the interaction amplitude reveals obvious differences from what is conventional.

We study in detail the factorization of the newly obtained two-loop four-particle amplitude in superstring theory. In particular some missing factors from the scalar correlators are obtained correctly, in comparing with a previous study of the factorization in two-loop superstring theory. Some details for the calculation of the factorization of the kinematic factor are also presented.

Neveu-Schwarz-Ramond type heterotic and type-II superstrings in four dimensional curved space-time are constructed as exact $N=1$ superconformal theories. The tachyon is eliminated with a GSO projection. The theory is based on the N=1 superconformal gauged WZW model for the anti-de Sitter coset $SO(3,2)/SO(3,1)$ with integer central extension $k=5$. The model has dynamical duality properties in its space-time metric that are similar to the large-small ($R\rightarrow 1/R$) duality of tori. To first order in a $1/k$ expansion we give expressions for the metric, the dilaton, the Ricci tensor and their dual generalizations. The curvature scalar has several singularities at various locations in the 4-dimensional manifold. This provides a new singular solution to Einstein's equations in the presence of matter in four dimensions. A non-trivial path integral measure which we conjectured in previous work for gauged WZW models is verified.

Several arguments are given for the summability of the superstring perturbation series. Whereas the Schottky group coordinatization of moduli space may be used to provide refined estimates of large-order bosonic string amplitudes, the super-Schottky group variables define a measure for the supermoduli space integral which leads to upper bounds on superstring scattering amplitudes.

We construct the cubic interaction vertex and dynamically generated supercharges in light-cone superstring field theory for a large class half-supersymmetric D-branes in the plane-wave background. We show that these satisfy the plane-wave superalgebra at first order in string coupling. The cubic interaction vertex and dynamical supercharges presented here are given explicitly in terms of oscilators and can be used to compute three-point functions of open strings with endpoints on half-supersymmetric D-branes.

We construct the cubic interaction vertex and dynamically generated supercharges in light-cone superstring field theory for a large class half-supersymmetric D-branes in the plane-wave background. We show that these satisfy the plane-wave superalgebra at first order in string coupling. The cubic interaction vertex and dynamical supercharges presented here are given explicitly in terms of oscilators and can be used to compute three-point functions of open strings with endpoints on half-supersymmetric D-branes.

We construct the cubic interaction vertex and dynamically generated supercharges in light-cone superstring field theory for a large class half-supersymmetric D-branes in the plane-wave background. We show that these satisfy the plane-wave superalgebra at first order in string coupling. The cubic interaction vertex and dynamical supercharges presented here are given explicitly in terms of oscilators and can be used to compute three-point functions of open strings with endpoints on half-supersymmetric D-branes.

In this paper I review some old and new works on the computation of two-loop 4-particle amplitude in superstring theory. I also present the proof by Iengo, showing the vanishing of the term related to the two-loop correction to the $R^4$ term. Finally I will present some recent works on two-loop computation in hyperelliptic language following the new gauging fixing method of D'Hoker and Phong.

Superstring models describing curved 4-dimensional magnetic flux tube backgrounds are exactly solvable in terms of free fields. We first consider the simplest model of this type (corresponding to `Kaluza-Klein' Melvin background). Its 2d action has a flat but topologically non-trivial 10-dimensional target space (there is a mixing of angular coordinate of the 2-plane with an internal compact coordinate). We demonstrate that this theory has broken supersymmetry but is perturbatively stable if the radius R of the internal coordinate is larger than R_0=\sqrt{2\a'}. In the Green-Schwarz formulation the supersymmetry breaking is a consequence of the presence of a flat but non-trivial connection in the fermionic terms in the action. For R < R_0 and the magnetic field strength parameter q > R/2\a' there appear instabilities corresponding to tachyonic winding states. The torus partition function Z(q,R) is finite for R > R_0 (and vanishes for qR=2n, n=integer). At the special points qR=2n (2n+1) the model is equivalent to the free superstring theory compactified on a circle with periodic (antiperiodic) boundary condition for space-time fermions. Analogous results are obtained for a more general class of static magnetic flux tube geometries including the a=1 Melvin model.

A musical piece by the band Bull of Heaven. www.bullofheaven.com

1Leavenworth Case

By Anna Katharine Green

Anna Katharine Green was one of the first female mystery writers to publish under her own name. She was never very successful as an author, but the technical excellence of her books caused several law schools to use The Leavenworth Case as a textbook in some of their classes, as an example of how misleading circumstantial evidence can be.

2Spinster Book

By Olive Green and Myrtle Reed

A cross between guidebook and social commentary, The Spinster Book gives clever and humorous insights on topics such as courting, handling men and women, love letters, marriage and spinsterhood. (Summary by Kristin Hughes)

3That Affair Next Door

By Anna Katharine Green

The dead body of a woman was found under a large cabinet. But she had been dead four hours before the cabinet fell upon her. The owners of the house had been on vacation and the place empty. Who was she and why was she in the empty house all alone? Summary by Dawn L.

4Strange Disappearance

By Anna Katharine Green

Anna Katharine Green (November 11, 1846 – April 11, 1935) was an American poet and novelist. She was one of the first writers of detective fiction in America and distinguished herself by writing well plotted, legally accurate stories (no doubt assisted by her lawyer father).

5Woman in the Alcove

By Anna Katharine Green

"I was, perhaps, the plainest girl in the room that night. I was also the happiest—up to one o'clock. Then my whole world crumbled, or, at least, suffered an eclipse. Why and how, I am about to relate." Thus begins this mystery told by Anna Katharine Green, one of the first writers of detective fiction in America and renowned for writing well plotted, legally accurate stories.(Summary by Annise)

6Initials Only

By Anna Katharine Green

Anna Katharine Green (November 11, 1846 – April 11, 1935) was an American poet and novelist. She was one of the first writers of detective fiction in America and distinguished herself by writing well plotted, legally accurate stories (no doubt assisted by her lawyer father).

7Missing: Page Thirteen

By Anna Katharine Green

Violet Strange, a clever petite detective, is called upon to solve the mystery of a page gone missing from an important document. The futures of several people, including an eccentric misanthrope, a chemical scientist, a bride and groom, depend on the quick resolution of this problem. In solving one mystery, she uncovers another which dates back many years. (Summary by Bev J. Stevens)

8Millionaire Baby

By Anna Katharine Green

A reward of five thousand dollars is offered, by Phil Ocumpaugh, to whoever will give such information as will lead to the recovery, alive or dead, of his six-year-old daughter, Gwendolen, missing since the afternoon of August the 16th, from her home in New York. (quote from the book)

9Three Thousand Dollars

By Anna Katharine Green

This short story by Anna Katharine Green revolves around a plot to steal some goods secured safely within an impenetrable vault within the confines of Mr. Stoughton's business concern. Nobody seems to have any clue as to how the vault can be accessed, and yet access is gained once a day by person or persons unknown, by a means not known to anyone, apparently Mr. Stoughton himself included! Every clerk in the office is suspect, as the devious plot to plunder the vault's contents unfolds. (Introduction by Roger Melin)

10X Y Z - A Detective Story

By Anna Katharine Green

"Sometimes in the course of his experience, a detective, while engaged in ferreting out the mystery of one crime, runs inadvertently upon the clue to another. But rarely has this been done in a manner more unexpected or with attendant circumstances of greater interest than in the instance I am now about to relate.<br /><br />For some time the penetration of certain Washington officials had been baffled by the clever devices of a gang of counterfeiters who had inundated the western portion of Massachusetts with spurious Treasury notes. Some of the best talent of the Secret Service had been expended upon the matter, but with no favorable result, when, one day, notice was received at Washington that a number of suspicious-looking letters, addressed to the simple initials, X. Y. Z., Brandon, Mass., were being daily forwarded through the mails of that region; and it being deemed possible that a clue had at last been offered to the mystery in hand, I was sent northward to investigate." (Excerpt from chapter 1)

11House of the Whispering Pines

By Anna Katharine Green

The country club house The Whispering Pines was closed for the winter, but only one day after he locked the place personally, the narrator sees smoke come out of the chimney. He decides to investigate and enters the house. Hidden in the dark, he sees the sister of his fiance, the girl he secretly loves, run out of the house with tears in her eyes. Upstairs then, he discovers the dead body of his betrothed... (Introduction by Carolin)

12Dark Hollow

By Anna Katharine Green

The small town of Shelby is shaken by a brutal murder. A man by the name of Etheridge was found beaten to death. A local inn-keeper, is convicted and executed for the crime. Many years later, "a woman in purple" shows up at the house of Ostrander, the respected judge who had sentenced the inn-keeper to be executed. This mysterious woman turns out to be the wife of the convicted man, but she does not believe he was guilty. She visits the Judge, to challenge him on his verdict. He listens to her plea, but reaffirms his belief in her husbands guilt. Having nowhere to go, Deborah is given the position of maid, which she secretly uses to obtain proof of her husband's innocence and the identity of the real killer. However, the initial evidence that Deborah collects points in troubling new directions. (Summary by Elaine Webb)

13Bronze Hand

By Anna Katharine Green

A political society secretly operates in Baltimore. When he tries to help his beautiful neighbor Miss Calhoun recover a stolen ring which might cause great unknown danger, Mr. Abbott is drawn into the midst of the conspiracy. (Introduction by Carolin)

14One of My Sons

By Anna Katharine Green

A young girl frantically summons a gentleman walking by on the street to come in and help her grandfather. Arthur Outhwaite answers her cry for help only to find himself as the last person to see her grandfather alive and left with the admonishment from the dying man to deliver a letter to someone, and to that person only. Unfortunately, he dies before he can inform Outhwaite who that particular person is. Being in a house of strangers, Outhwaite is thrust into the mystery of not only finding this unknown person, but is also faced with the mysterious circumstances under which the child's grandfather died. (Summary by Laura Victoria)

15Amethyst Box

By Anna Katharine Green

On the evening before his marriage, Sinclair loses a precious curiosity from his collection: an amethyst box, containing a tiny flask of deadly poison. He suspects that this poison is in the possession of either his betrothed or her cousin, the girl his best friend Worthington loves. Turning to Worthington for help, they try to recover the box before the poison can be administered... (Summary by Carolin)

16House in the Mist

By Anna Katharine Green

It was a night to drive any man indoors. Not only was the darkness impenetrable, but the raw mist enveloping hill and valley made the open road anything but desirable to a belated wayfarer like myself.<br /><br /> Being young, untrammeled, and naturally indifferent to danger, I was not averse to adventure; and having my fortune to make, was always on the lookout for El Dorado, which, to ardent souls, lies ever beyond the next turning. Consequently, when I saw a light shimmering through the mist at my right, I resolved to make for it and the shelter it so opportunely offered.<br /><br /> But I did not realize then, as I do now, that shelter does not necessarily imply refuge, or I might not have undertaken this adventure with so light a heart. Yet, who knows? The impulses of an unfettered spirit lean toward daring, and youth, as I have said, seeks the strange, the unknown and, sometimes, the terrible. (Exerpt from Chapter I)

17Ruby and the Caldron

By Anna Katharine Green

A valuable ruby is lost during a disturbance in the snow before a ball at The Evergreens. A detective is called for right away to recover it, but who, of the few guests, might have the jewel, and how to solve the mystery without causing a scandal? (Summary by Carolin)

18Agatha Webb

By Anna Katharine Green

A universally beloved woman has been murdered. But who would have the heart to kill Agatha Webb? Would her husband do it for money matters? Or would it be the cook, who died at about the same time? Or would it be the rich and well-connected Mr. Frederick, who ran away into the woods? Miss Page, a servant and the sweetheart of the same Mr. Frederick, wants to join the investigation, but is constantly prevented from doing so. (summary by Stav Nisser)

19Circular Study

By Anna Katharine Green

In this well-plotted, character-driven mystery, Detective Gryce receives a cryptic message calling him to the scene of a “strange” crime. He soon finds that the adjective is correct, for in a quiet brownstone house in a respectable New York City neighborhood, he finds the body of a man brutally stabbed to death, yet lovingly laid out on the floor of his study. The only apparent witnesses are a deaf and dumb butler driven mad by the event, and a caged bird that sings out a vital but puzzling clue. Before he solves the crime, with the help of the redoubtable Miss Amelia Butterworth, Gryce must uncover a motive that spans generations and the passions that have kept it alive. Anna Katharine Green was a pioneering writer of detective fiction in the United States. Her first such novel, The Leavenworth Case, was published in 1878. She is credited with changing the genre by making her stories legally accurate. She invented the "girl detective." But her works remained popular because of their lively, twisting plots and the strong characters she developed. (Summary by Christine Dufour)

20Mystery of the Hasty Arrow

By Anna Katharine Green

It is the noon hour at a museum in New York City. The date: May 23, 1913. The weekday, attendance is light; the attendees are scattered between two floors. Suddenly a cry rings out from the second floor. Scrambling to Section II, the museum director discovers a teenage girl dead with an arrow through her heart. An older woman hovers over her whispering incoherent phrases in the girl's ear and offering incomprehensible answers to the director's questions. She is the only witness to the crime, or accident, as the case may be. How will the feeble, 83 year-old Mr. Gryce unravel this mystery when this witness is apparently insane?<br><br>Anna Katharine Green was noted for her scientific approach to the murder mystery. In The Mystery of the Hasty Arrow she breaks more ground with her in-depth study of the psychological interplay between the murderer, the victim and the witnesses. Although more quietly paced, this mystery presents many elements of a current psychological thriller: blind ambition, narcissism, obsession and betrayal. Green adds a peculiar twist with the fact that two heartbroken relatives of the victim sacrifice virtually everything to protect the murderer.(Summary girlbooks/blog.com )

21Mayor's Wife

By Anna Katharine Green

Miss Saunders is out for an adventure. One, which is full of secrets, hints, and half-lies. One, which will require all of her wits. She is to be the companion to the Mayor's wife. The Lady is unhappy, and the reason for her grave unhappiness is more serious than you think. (Summary by Stav Nisser)

22Staircase at the Heart's Delight

By Anna Katharine Green

Detective Ebenezer Gryce tells the story of the case with which he begun his career in 1840. Several wealthy men were drowned and washed ashore in New York City, and the first clue leads to a dubious money lender... (Summary by Carolin)

23Hand and Ring

By Anna Katharine Green

Widow Clemmens is struck down in her parlor while the town's legal professionals chat outside the courthouse down the street. An investigation is made and two equally plausible suspects are quickly unearthed. But is either guilty? And what role does the mysterious Miss Imogene Dare play in this drama? A classic Green mystery notable particularly for the extended courtroom scenes in the second half of the book. (Summary by Richard Kilmer)

24Doctor, his Wife, and the Clock

By Anna Katharine Green

A man has been shot dead in his house. Ebenezer Gryce is on the case, but he has no leads, no witnesses, no evidence -- until he decides to talk to the neighbors of the victim, a blind doctor and his beautiful wife.. - Summary by Carolin

25Filigree Ball

By Anna Katharine Green

[The Moore House] was standing when Washington was a village. It antedates the Capitol and the White House. Built by a man of wealth, it bears to this day the impress of the large ideas and quiet elegance of colonial times; but the shadow which speedily fell across it made it a marked place even in those early days. While it has always escaped the hackneyed epithet of "haunted," families that have moved in have as quickly moved out, giving as their excuse that no happiness was to be found there and that sleep was impossible under its roof. <br><br>That there was some reason for this lack of rest within walls which were not without their tragic reminiscences, all must acknowledge. Death had often occurred there, and while this fact can be stated in regard to most old houses, it is not often that one can say, as in this case, that it was invariably sudden and invariably of one character. A lifeless man, lying outstretched on a certain hearthstone, might be found once in a house and awaken no special comment; but when this same discovery has been made twice, if not thrice, during the history of a single dwelling, one might surely be pardoned a distrust of its seemingly home-like appointments, and discern in its slowly darkening walls the presence of an evil which if left to itself might perish in the natural decay of the place, but which, if met and challenged, might strike again and make another blot on its thrice-crimsoned hearthstone. - Excerpt from Chapter I

26Forsaken Inn

By Anna Katharine Green

Told from the perspective of a Mrs. Truax, the owner of an inn during the time of the American and French Revolutions, "The Forsaken Inn" is a locked-room mystery that keeps readers guessing about what has happened. A young couple stays at the inn for the night, and goes on their way in the morning ... and several years later, the bride's body is found in a secret room of the inn. Yet, many people saw that bride leave with her husband. How can this be?<br /><br /> Green tells her tale through Mrs. Truax' diary, and through letters and discussions with other characters who were friends of the young couple. An entertaining and highly recommended read. (Summary by Richard Kilmer)

27Chief Legatee

By Anna Katharine Green

"I was married to-day in Grace Church. At the altar my bride--you probably know her name, Miss Georgian Hazen--wore a natural look, and was in all respects, so far as any one could see, a happy woman, satisfied with her choice and pleased with the éclat and elegancies of the occasion. Half-way down the aisle this all changed. I remember the instant perfectly. Her hand was on my arm and I felt it suddenly stiffen. I was not alarmed, but I gave her a quick look and saw that something had happened....<br> ...I should have passed the matter over as a mere attack of nerves, if I had not afterwards detected in her face, through all the hurry and excitement of the ensuing reception, a strained expression not at all natural to her. This was still more evident after the congratulations of a certain guest, who, I am sure, whispered to her before he passed on...<br> ...She entered the office with me and was standing close at my side all the time I was writing our names in the register; but later, when I turned to ask her to enter the elevator with me, she was gone..." (Excerpts from Chapter 1)

28Hermit of ---- Street

By Anna Katharine Green

Delight Hunter spends her days looking out of her window at her handsome but very mysterious and reclusive next door neighbor. She walks straight into a mystery when one day a fire starts in one of the upper rooms of his house and she dashes over to warn him, only to have him lock her in with instructions to let no one else in. Why is he so insistent that no one come in? What secrets are hidden within the walls of this house? - Summary by Laura Victoria

29Lost Man's Lane

By Anna Katharine Green

After several people apparently vanish into thin air while walking along the same country road, New York detective Mr Gryce calls on the skills of Miss Amelia Butterworth to help him solve this most puzzling crime.<br /><br /> The author of Lost Man’s Lane, Anna Katharine Green, has been described as the first female American writer of detective stories. (summary by Mary Bard)

30Sword of Damocles

By Anna Katharine Green

Anna Katharine Green is best known as one of the first women detective writers, and The Sword of Damocles, first published in 1881, does indeed include several mysteries. There is a very brief appearance by her famous detective, Mr Gryce, but at the heart of the book, which is subtitled A Story of New York Life, are a number of very different love stories. (Summary by Mary Bard)

Anna Katharine Green is now best-known for her popular mystery and detective stories, but she also wrote some excellent poetry. - Summary by Carolin

32Leavenworth Case (Version 2)

By Anna Katharine Green

The Leavenworth Case is a gripping detective novel set in New York, and is one of the first detective fiction novels to be written by a female. Indeed, it was the first novel by Anna Katharine Green who came to be known as 'the mother of the detective novel', and 'The Leavenworth Case' was cited by Agatha Christie as an influence on her own fiction. The story plot twists and turns leaving the reader uncertain as to the identity of the murderer until the very end. This is one of the best detective stories you will ever hear.

33Thief

By Anna Katharine Green

At a dinner party, a valuable coin is lost while being passed around among the guests to look at. One of the gentlemen insists to empty his pockets to the host to free himself of all suspicion, and the other gentlemen concur, except one, who absolutely refuses, and leaves the house. Is he the thief or did he have another reason to wish to avoid inspection of his pockets? - Summary by Carolin