Downloads & Free Reading Options - Results

Conduction through an assembly of nanosized clusters coupled by tunneling barriers is of significant interest both for understanding the fundamental physics involved and for potential applications. In this study, we describe a technique for preparing relatively large (dimensions of a few 100 microns to a few mm in size) monolayer films consisting of 3 nm diameter Au clusters coated with mercaptododecanoic acid, using low molecular weight-polymers as coupling agents. Electrical measurements of the assembly show non-linear characteristics. Below a certain threshold voltage, the current does not vary with an increase in voltage. Above this threshold voltage, current increases with voltage and can be described by a power-law relationship with an exponent close to unity. These characteristics of the I-V curve are discussed with specific reference to theoretical studies on conduction through an array of capacitance-coupled metallic islands and previous experimental results in similar systems.

This is the second of two papers dedicated to the relationship between population models of competition and biodiversity. Here we consider species assembly models where the population dynamics is kept far from fixed points through the continuous introduction of new species, and generalize to such models thecoexistence condition derived for systems at the fixed point. The ecological overlap between species with shared preys, that we define here, provides a quantitative measure of the effective interspecies competition and of the trophic network topology. We obtain distributions of the overlap from simulations of a new model based both on immigration and speciation, and show that they are in good agreement with those measured for three large natural food webs. As discussed in the first paper, rapid environmental fluctuations, interacting with the condition for coexistence of competing species, limit the maximal biodiversity that a trophic level can host. This horizontal limitation to biodiversity is here combined with either dissipation of energy or growth of fluctuations, which in our model limit the length of food webs in the vertical direction. These ingredients yield an effective model of food webs that produce a biodiversity profile with a maximum at an intermediate trophic level, in agreement with field studies.

Collagen 

Collagen 

This article is from PLoS Biology , volume 12 . Abstract : The flexibility of individual proteins aids their evolutionary recruitment into complexes with increasing numbers of distinct subunits.

Cost and weight reduction for a composite structure is a result of selecting design concepts that can be built using efficient low cost manufacturing and assembly processes. Since design and manufacturing are inherently cost dependent, concurrent engineering in the form of a Design-Build Team (DBT) is essential for low cost designs. Detailed cost analysis from DBT designs and hardware verification must be performed to identify the cost drivers and relationships between design and manufacturing processes. Results from the global evaluation are used to quantitatively rank design, identify cost centers for higher ranking design concepts, define and prioritize a list of technical/economic issues and barriers, and identify parameters that control concept response. These results are then used for final design optimization.

This article is from Nucleic Acids Research , volume 41 . Abstract Yeast pre-mRNA splicing initiates via formation of a complex comprising U1 snRNP bound at the 5′ splice site (5′SS) and the Msl5•Mud2 heterodimer engaged at the branchpoint (BP). Here, we present a mutational analysis of the U1 snRNA, which shows that although enlarging the 5′ leader between the TMG cap and the 3ACUUAC8 motif that anneals to the 5′SS is tolerated, there are tight constraints on the downstream spacer between 3ACUUAC8 and helix 1 of the U1 fold. We exploit U1 alleles with 5′ extensions, variations in the 3ACUUAC8 motif, downstream mutations and a longer helix 1 to discover new intra-snRNP synergies with U1 subunits Nam8 and Mud1 and the trimethylguanosine (TMG) cap. We describe novel mutations in U1 snRNA that bypass the essentiality of the DEAD-box protein Prp28. Structure-guided mutagenesis of Msl5 distinguished four essential amino acids that contact the BP sequence from nine other BP-binding residues that are inessential. We report new synthetic genetic interactions of the U1 snRNP with Msl5 and Mud2 and with the nuclear cap-binding subunit Cbc2. Our results fortify the idea that spliceosome assembly can occur via distinct genetically buffered microscopic pathways involving cross-intron-bridging interactions of the U1 snRNP•5′SS complex with the Mud2•Msl5•BP complex.

Characterization of vimentin intermediate filament (IF) structure by site directed spin labeling (SDSL) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) has produced new data concerning the All arrangement of molecules in intact filaments. In the All alignement, rod 1B of a dimer is aligned with rod 1B of a second dimer. Our EPR data identify vimentin position 190 as the midpoint of overlap between dimers in the A11 arrangement. In conjunction with previously published data, we have thus identified contact surfaces between individual amino acids of rod 1B and rod 2B, involved in assembly of IFs. Analysis of keratin filament assembly and disassembly following treatment with the vesicant analogs 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES) and mechlorethamine (MEC) has been performed with 2 keratin pairs, one bacterially produced and one isolated from bovine tissue. Experiments with bacterially produced keratin 8 and 18 show that Intermediate Filaments assembled in vitro and subsequently treated with CEES and MEC are severely altered. The normal filament network is destroyed, replaced by aggregates of material with an irregular appearance. Experiments with k5 and k14 isolated from bovine tissue reveal the same results; CEES and MEC treatment destroy the smooth filamentous appearance of normal IFs and result in large aggregates.

The modification of keratin and vimentin intermediate filaments and proteins by the sulfur mustard analogs chloroethyl ethyl sulfide and mechlorethamine has been studied using electron microscopic and electron paramagnetic approaches. The modification of intact filaments leads to abnormalities in the filaments such that native filament appearance is destroyed. Modification of purified proteins, followed by dialysis to assemble native filaments, shows that the modified proteins do not assemble into smooth native looking filaments. In both cases, the appearance in the electron microscope is filamentous, but with much more particulate, irregular aggregations. Comparison of these chemically modified proteins to specific mutations associated with skin blistering diseases reveals difference between the filaments. Using an electron paramagnetic approach, it has been possible to examine the early stages of normal heteropolymeric keratin filament assembly for characteristics that are related to our findings with the homopolymeric protein vimentin. Thus, we have identified spectral changes that occur during assembly and have further identified amino acid regions in one keratin protein that are in close proximity with another region of the polymerization partner. Subsequently, the assembly of chloroethyl ethyl sulfide and mechlorethamine treated keratins was analyzed, revealing a change in the assembly dynamics but showing evidence of some proper assembly. It is likely that near normal filament assembly occurs at early stages, but additional aberrant interactions are produced as a result of covalent modification.

Ares 1-X Super Structure Assembly Stand (SSAS) and Welds

Ares 1-X Super Structure Assembly Stand (SSAS) and Welds

Ares 1-X Super Structure Assembly Stand (SSAS) and Welds

Assembly techniques and hardware configurations used in assembly of the basic tetrahedral cell by A7LB pressure-suited subjects in a neutral bouyancy simulator were studied. Eleven subjects participated in assembly procedures which investigated two types of structural members and two configurations of attachment hardware. The assembly was accomplished through extra-vehicular activity (EVA) only, EVA with simulated manned maneuvering unit (MMU), and EVA with simulated MMU and simulated remote manipulator system (RMS). Assembly times as low as 10.20 minutes per tetrahedron were achieved. Task element data, as well as assembly procedures, are included.

This article is from Journal of Nanobiotechnology , volume 11 . Abstract Background: Proteins in their majority act rarely as single entities. Multisubunit macromolecular complexes are the actors in most of the cellular processes. These nanomachines are hold together by weak protein-protein interactions and undergo functionally important conformational changes. TFIID is such a multiprotein complex acting in eukaryotic transcription initiation. This complex is first to be recruited to the promoter of the genes and triggers the formation of the transcription preinitiation complex involving RNA polymerase II which leads to gene transcription. The exact role of TFIID in this process is not yet understood. Methods: Last generation electron microscopes, improved data collection and new image analysis tools made it possible to obtain structural information of biological molecules at atomic resolution. Cryo-electron microscopy of vitrified samples visualizes proteins in a fully hydrated, close to native state. Molecular images are recorded at liquid nitrogen temperature in low electron dose conditions to reduce radiation damage. Digital image analysis of these noisy images aims at improving the signal-to-noise ratio, at separating distinct molecular views and at reconstructing a three-dimensional model of the biological particle. Results: Using these methods we showed the early events of an activated transcription initiation process. We explored the interaction of the TFIID coactivator with the yeast Rap1 activator, the transcription factor TFIIA and the promoter DNA. We demonstrated that TFIID serves as an assembly platform for transient protein-protein interactions, which are essential for transcription initiation. Conclusions: Recent developments in electron microscopy have provided new insights into the structural organization and the dynamic reorganization of large macromolecular complexes. Examples of near-atomic resolutions exist but the molecular flexibility of macromolecular complexes remains the limiting factor in most case. Electron microscopy has the potential to provide both structural and dynamic information of biological assemblies in order to understand the molecular mechanisms of their functions.

Ares 1-X Super Structure Assembly Stand (SSAS) and Welds

Structure and Self-assembly of NLRP10 作者： Leng Fang-Wei 1 Wang Da-Cheng 1 Leng Fang-Wei 2 Wang Da-Cheng 2 Leng Fang-Wei 3 Xie Can 3 作者单位： 1. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Biophys, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. 2. Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. 3. Peking Univ, Coll Life Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. 提交时间： 2016-05-12 摘要: NLRP10 is a special member of NOD-like receptors (NLRs) family that lacks the leucine-rich repeats, suggesting that NLRP10 may act as an immunity regulator rather than directly receptor recognizing intracellular pathogen products. Previous studies on NLRP10 show that NLRP10 can interact with several components of NOD1 pathway thereby enhancing NOD1-mediated innate immune responses. In particular models, NLRP10 also negatively affects the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. It has been proposed that NLRP10 oligomers interact with ASC to form a multi-protein platform for the recruitment of caspase-1 or other signaling components. Here, we show that pyrin-like domain (PYD) degradation induce the formation of NLRP10 oligomers, which present stick-shaped and circular structure. With the NLRP10 mutant G173A made by means of site-directed mutagenesis, we successfully obtain homogeneous full-length NLRP10 preparations. Corresponding gel filtration analysis and electron microscope (EM) data further proved that the PYD domain is important in protecting NLRP10 against aggregation. INFLAMMASOME INNATE DEATH 期刊： PROGRESS IN BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS 分类： 生物学 >> 生物物理学 >> 生物物理、生物化学与分子生物学 引用： ChinaXiv:201605.01377 (或此版本 ChinaXiv:201605.01377V1 ) doi:10.12074/201605.01377 CSTR:32003.36.ChinaXiv.201605.01377.V1 推荐引用方式： Leng Fang-Wei,Wang Da-Cheng,Leng Fang-Wei,Wang Da-Cheng,Leng Fang-Wei,Xie Can.(2016).Structure and Self-assembly of NLRP10.PROGRESS IN BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS.[ChinaXiv:201605.01377] 版本历史 [V1] 2016-05-12 08:40:38 ChinaXiv:201605.01377V1 下载全文

Ares 1-X Super Structure Assembly Stand (SSAS) and Welds

Based on the Millennium Simulation we examine assembly bias for the halo properties: shape, triaxiality, concentration, spin, shape of the velocity ellipsoid and velocity anisotropy. For consistency we determine all these properties using the same set of particles, namely all gravitationally self-bound particles belonging to the most massive sub-structure of a given friends-of-friends halo. We confirm that near-spherical and high-spin halos show enhanced clustering. The opposite is true for strongly aspherical and low-spin halos. Further, below the typical collapse mass, M*, more concentrated halos show stronger clustering whereas less concentrated halos are less clustered which is reversed for masses above M*. Going beyond earlier work we show that: (1) oblate halos are more strongly clustered than prolate ones; (2) the dependence of clustering on the shape of the velocity ellipsoid coincides with that of the real-space shape, although the signal is stronger; (3) halos with weak velocity anisotropy are more clustered, whereas radially anisotropic halos are more weakly clustered; (4) for all highly clustered subsets we find systematically less radially biased velocity anisotropy profiles. These findings indicate that the velocity structure of halos is tightly correlated with environment.

Structural quantities such as order parameters and correlation functions are often employed to gain insight into the physical behavior and properties of condensed matter systems. While standard quantities for characterizing structure exist, often they are insufficient for treating problems in the emerging field of nano and microscale self-assembly, where the structures encountered may be complex and unusual. The computer science field of "shape matching" offers a robust solution to this problem by defining diverse methods for quantifying the similarity between arbitrarily complex shapes. Most order parameters and correlation functions used in condensed matter apply a specific measure of structural similarity within the context of a broader scheme. By substituting shape matching quantities for traditional quantities, we retain the essence of the broader scheme, but extend its applicability to more complex structures. Here we review some standard shape matching techniques and discuss how they might be used to create highly flexible structural metrics for diverse systems such as self-assembled matter. We provide three proof-of-concept example problems applying shape matching methods to identifying local and global structures, and tracking structural transitions in complex assembled systems. The shape matching methods reviewed here are applicable to a wide range of condensed matter systems, both simulated and experimental, provided particle positions are known or can be accurately imaged.

This article is from The Journal of Biological Chemistry , volume 286 . Abstract Eukaryotic sodium channels are important membrane proteins involved in ion permeation, homeostasis, and electrical signaling. They are long, multidomain proteins that do not express well in heterologous systems, and hence, structure/function and biochemical studies on purified sodium channel proteins have been limited. Bacteria produce smaller, homologous tetrameric single domain channels specific for the conductance of sodium ions. They consist of N-terminal voltage sensor and C-terminal pore subdomains. We designed a functional pore-only channel consisting of the final two transmembrane helices, the intervening P-region, and the C-terminal extramembranous region of the sodium channel from the marine bacterium Silicibacter pomeroyi. This sodium “pore” channel forms a tetrameric, folded structure that is capable of supporting sodium flux in phospholipid vesicles. The pore-only channel is more thermally stable than its full-length counterpart, suggesting that the voltage sensor subdomain may destabilize the full-length channel. The pore subdomains can assemble, fold, and function independently from the voltage sensor and exhibit similar ligand-blocking characteristics as the intact channel. The availability of this simple pore-only construct should enable high-level expression for the testing of potential new ligands and enhance our understanding of the structural features that govern sodium selectivity and permeability.

Ares 1-X Super Structure Assembly Stand (SSAS) and Welds

This article is from The Journal of Biological Chemistry , volume 289 . Abstract Background: The vertebrate sodium channel β3 subunit regulates channel behavior.Results: The immunoglobulin domain of the human β3 subunit crystallizes as a trimer, and the full-length protein assembles as a trimer in vivo.Conclusion: Our results reveal an unexpected organization of the β3 subunit.Significance: A new structural insight into the sodium channel is presented.

The GAMA survey has now completed its spectroscopic campaign of over 250,000 galaxies ($r

The GAMA survey has now completed its spectroscopic campaign of over 250,000 galaxies ($r

The Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) is the ideal platform to study retrovirus. The RSV capsid enclosing the viral genome materials is assembled from 1500 copies of the 237-residue RSV capsid protein (CA). In vitro, tubular assembly can be obtained with the CA with similar underlying structural properties as the authentic RSV capsid. Due to strong polymorphism, RSV CA assemblies are challenging for structural characterization by techniques such as X-ray diffraction or cryo Electron Microscopy (cryo-EM).

The Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) is the ideal platform to study retrovirus. The RSV capsid enclosing the viral genome materials is assembled from 1500 copies of the 237-residue RSV capsid protein (CA). In vitro, tubular assembly can be obtained with the CA with similar underlying structural properties as the authentic RSV capsid. Due to strong polymorphism, RSV CA assemblies are challenging for structural characterization by techniques such as X-ray diffraction or cryo Electron Microscopy (cryo-EM).

Ares 1-X Super Structure Assembly Stand (SSAS) and Welds

Ares 1-X Super Structure Assembly Stand (SSAS) and Welds

This article is from Nano Reviews , volume 2 . Abstract Comprehensive knowledge over the shape of nanomaterials is a critical factor in designing devices with desired functions. Due to this reason, systematic efforts have been made to synthesize materials of diverse shape in the nanoscale regime. Anisotropic nanomaterials are a class of materials in which their properties are direction-dependent and more than one structural parameter is needed to describe them. Their unique and fine-tuned physical and chemical properties make them ideal candidates for devising new applications. In addition, the assembly of ordered one-dimensional (1D), two-dimensional (2D), and three-dimensional (3D) arrays of anisotropic nanoparticles brings novel properties into the resulting system, which would be entirely different from the properties of individual nanoparticles. This review presents an overview of current research in the area of anisotropic nanomaterials in general and noble metal nanoparticles in particular. We begin with an introduction to the advancements in this area followed by general aspects of the growth of anisotropic nanoparticles. Then we describe several important synthetic protocols for making anisotropic nanomaterials, followed by a summary of their assemblies, and conclude with major applications.

Ares 1-X Super Structure Assembly Stand (SSAS) and Welds

We use the Aquarius simulation series to study the imprint of assembly history on the structure of Galaxy-mass cold dark matter halos. Our results confirm earlier work regarding the influence of mergers on the mass density profile and the inside-out growth of halos. The inner regions that contain the visible galaxies are stable since early times and are significantly affected only by major mergers. Particles accreted diffusely or in minor mergers are found predominantly in the outskirts of halos. Our analysis reveals trends that run counter to current perceptions of hierarchical halo assembly. For example, major mergers (i.e. those with progenitor mass ratios greater than 1:10) contribute little to the total mass growth of a halo, on average less than 20 per cent for our six Aquarius halos. The bulk is contributed roughly equally by minor mergers and by "diffuse" material which is not resolved into individual objects. This is consistent with modeling based on excursion-set theory which suggests that about half of this diffuse material should not be part of a halo of any scale. Interestingly, the simulations themselves suggest that a significantly fraction is not truly diffuse, since it was ejected from earlier halos by mergers prior to their joining the main system. The Aquarius simulations resolve halos to much lower mass scales than are expected to retain gas or form stars. These results thus confirm that most of the baryons from which visible galaxies form are accreted diffusely, rather than through mergers, and they suggest that only relatively rare major mergers will affect galaxy structure at later times.

A quasiperiodic Pb monolayer has been formed on the five-fold surface of the Al-Pd-Mn quasicrystal. Growth of the monolayer proceeds via self-assembly of an interconnected network of pentagonal Pb stars, which are shown to be tau-inflated compared to similar structural elements of the quasiperiodic substrate. Measurements of the electronic structure of the system using scanning tunnelling spectroscopy and ultra-violet photoemission spectroscopy reveal that the Pb monolayer displays a pseudo-gap at the Fermi level which is directly related to its quasiperiodic structure.

A quasiperiodic Pb monolayer has been formed on the five-fold surface of the Al-Pd-Mn quasicrystal. Growth of the monolayer proceeds via self-assembly of an interconnected network of pentagonal Pb stars, which are shown to be tau-inflated compared to similar structural elements of the quasiperiodic substrate. Measurements of the electronic structure of the system using scanning tunnelling spectroscopy and ultra-violet photoemission spectroscopy reveal that the Pb monolayer displays a pseudo-gap at the Fermi level which is directly related to its quasiperiodic structure.

Ares 1-X Super Structure Assembly Stand (SSAS) and Welds

Ares 1-X Super Structure Assembly Stand (SSAS) and Welds

Exposure of evaporated gold films supported on silicon wafers to solutions of dialkyl sulfides (R(CH2)m-S-(CH2)n-R'; R and R'=CH3 or CO2H) or alkyl thiols (R(CH2)nSH, R=CO2H or CH3) in methanol or ethanol results in rapid formation of a monolayer of the organosulfer compound adsorbed onto the gold. The resulting films have been characterized using a number of techniques, including X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), infrared spectroscopy (IRS), ellipsometry, and wetting. These self-assembled, supported organic monolayer films are systems that can be used to study problems in the physical-organic chemistry and materials science of organic surfaces, especially the relation between the molecular-level structure of the film constituents and the macroscopic properties of the assembled monolayers. Keywords: Thin film, Monolayer, Surface spectroscopy, electronic materials

This article is from Marine Drugs , volume 12 . Abstract The bacterial outer membrane (OM) is a peculiar biological structure with a unique composition that contributes significantly to the fitness of Gram-negative bacteria in hostile environments. OM components are all synthesized in the cytosol and must, then, be transported efficiently across three compartments to the cell surface. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a unique glycolipid that paves the outer leaflet of the OM. Transport of this complex molecule poses several problems to the cells due to its amphipatic nature. In this review, the multiprotein machinery devoted to LPS transport to the OM is discussed together with the challenges associated with this process and the solutions that cells have evolved to address the problem of LPS biogenesis.

This article is from Genome Biology , volume 14 . Abstract Background: Candida albicans is a ubiquitous opportunistic fungal pathogen that afflicts immunocompromised human hosts. With rare and transient exceptions the yeast is diploid, yet despite its clinical relevance the respective sequences of its two homologous chromosomes have not been completely resolved. Results: We construct a phased diploid genome assembly by deep sequencing a standard laboratory wild-type strain and a panel of strains homozygous for particular chromosomes. The assembly has 700-fold coverage on average, allowing extensive revision and expansion of the number of known SNPs and indels. This phased genome significantly enhances the sensitivity and specificity of allele-specific expression measurements by enabling pooling and cross-validation of signal across multiple polymorphic sites. Additionally, the diploid assembly reveals pervasive and unexpected patterns in allelic differences between homologous chromosomes. Firstly, we see striking clustering of indels, concentrated primarily in the repeat sequences in promoters. Secondly, both indels and their repeat-sequence substrate are enriched near replication origins. Finally, we reveal an intimate link between repeat sequences and indels, which argues that repeat length is under selective pressure for most eukaryotes. This connection is described by a concise one-parameter model that explains repeat-sequence abundance in C. albicans as a function of the indel rate, and provides a general framework to interpret repeat abundance in species ranging from bacteria to humans. Conclusions: The phased genome assembly and insights into repeat plasticity will be valuable for better understanding allele-specific phenomena and genome evolution.

This article is from Nature Communications , volume 2 . Abstract Much controversy exists regarding the structural organization of the yeast centromeric nucleosome and the role of the nonhistone protein, Scm3, in its assembly and architecture. Here we show that the substitution of H3 with its centromeric variant Cse4 results in octameric nucleosomes that organize DNA in a left-handed superhelix. We demonstrate by single-molecule approaches, micrococcal nuclease digestion and small-angle X-ray scattering that Cse4-nucleosomes exhibit an open conformation with weakly bound terminal DNA segments. The Cse4-octamer does not preferentially form nucleosomes on its cognate centromeric DNA. We show that Scm3 functions as a Cse4-specific nucleosome assembly factor, and that the resulting octameric nucleosomes do not contain Scm3 as a stably bound component. Taken together, our data provide insights into the assembly and structural features of the budding yeast centromeric nucleosome.

Ares 1-X Super Structure Assembly Stand (SSAS) and Welds

Ares 1-X Super Structure Assembly Stand (SSAS) and Welds

In January 2010, the General Assembly passed the Complete College Tennessee Act (CCTA), a comprehensive reform agenda seeking to transform public higher education through changes in academic, fiscal, and administrative policies at the state and institutional levels. While the higher education landscape has been shaped by the CCTA, it is also evolving with the adoption of the "Drive to 55," and the FOCUS Act, which alters the governance structure of higher education by giving six universities, previously under the Tennessee Board of Regents, independent governing boards. This year, Tennessee Higher Education Commission (THEC) released an update to the 2015-2025 Master Plan entitled "Enabling the Competitive Edge: Tennessee Higher Education in the New Economy." The update on Tennessee's higher education landscape and progress toward the "Drive to 55" emphasizes three domains: student success, family prosperity, and the future workforce. This Fact Book includes the following performance categories and illustrative indicators: (1) Student preparation, such as admission rates, freshman class profiles, and learning support placement and success rates, by subject area; (2) Student participation, such as college-going rates, overall enrollment, and enrollment by critical student subpopulations; (3) Student progression, such as end-of-term enrollment counts, freshman-to-sophomore retention rates, the number of students passing credit hour benchmarks under the higher education funding formula and lottery scholarship renewal rates; (4) Student success and completion, such as student transfer activity and subsequent academic performance, graduation rates, time to degree, credentials awarded, and credentials awarded per one hundred (100) full-time equivalent enrolled students; (5) Workforce participation, such as labor market supply and demand, employer satisfaction survey results, job placement rates, and licensure passage rates; (6) Academic trends, such as student engagement survey results, changes to the academic program inventory, low-producing academic programs, the number and percentage of accredited programs, and the percentage of lower division instructional courses taught by full-time faculty, part-time faculty, and graduate assistants; (7) Financing trends, such as state appropriation levels and net tuition revenues, state and total subsidies per student, and degree costs; and (8) Affordability trends, such as in-state and out-of-state tuition rates, net costs of attendance, and need-based and merit-based student financial aid. [For "Tennessee Higher Education Fact Book: 2018-19," see ED599417.]

Ares 1-X Super Structure Assembly Stand (SSAS) and Welds

This article is from Genes & Development , volume 27 . Abstract Norrin is an important growth factor and Wnt ligand required for angiogenesis in the eye, ear, brain, and female reproductive organs. Structural and functional studies by Ke et al. now reveal that Norrin forms a unique dimer required for binding and activation of the Frizzled 4 (Fz4) receptor. Interestingly, Norrin contains separate binding sites for Wnt ligand coreceptors Lrp5/6 and induces the formation of a ternary complex with Fz4 and Lrp5/6 extracellular domains. This study provides critical new insight into the Wnt and Norrin signaling pathways.

Using single-component fits to SDSS/UKIDSS images of galaxies in the G09 region of the GAMA survey we study radial colour gradients across the galaxy population. We use the multiwavelength information provided by MegaMorph analysis of galaxy light profiles to calculate intrinsic colour gradients, and divide into six subsamples split by overall S\'{e}rsic index ($n$) and galaxy colour. We find a bimodality in the colour gradients of high- and low-$n$ galaxies in all wavebands, which varies with overall galaxy luminosity. Global trends in colour gradients therefore result from combining the contrasting behaviour of a number of different galaxy populations. The ubiquity of strong negative colour gradients supports the picture of inside-out growth through gas accretion for blue, low-$n$ galaxies, and through dry minor mergers for red, high-$n$ galaxies. An exception is the blue high-n population, with properties indicative of dissipative major mergers.

Using single-component fits to SDSS/UKIDSS images of galaxies in the G09 region of the GAMA survey we study radial colour gradients across the galaxy population. We use the multiwavelength information provided by MegaMorph analysis of galaxy light profiles to calculate intrinsic colour gradients, and divide into six subsamples split by overall S\'{e}rsic index ($n$) and galaxy colour. We find a bimodality in the colour gradients of high- and low-$n$ galaxies in all wavebands, which varies with overall galaxy luminosity. Global trends in colour gradients therefore result from combining the contrasting behaviour of a number of different galaxy populations. The ubiquity of strong negative colour gradients supports the picture of inside-out growth through gas accretion for blue, low-$n$ galaxies, and through dry minor mergers for red, high-$n$ galaxies. An exception is the blue high-n population, with properties indicative of dissipative major mergers.

Ares 1-X Super Structure Assembly Stand (SSAS) and Welds

Ares 1-X Super Structure Assembly Stand (SSAS) and Welds

Self-assembly dynamics in binary surfactant mixtures and structure changes of lipid vesicles induced by detergent solution are studied using coarse-grained molecular simulations. Disk-shaped micelles, the bicelles, are stabilized by detergents surrounding the rim of a bilayer disk of lipids. The self-assembled bicelles are considerably smaller than bicelles formed from vesicle rupture, and their size is determined by the concentrations of lipids and detergents and the interactions between the two species. The detergent-adsorption induces spontaneous curvature of the vesicle bilayer and results in vesicle division into two vesicles or vesicle rupture into worm-like micelles. The division occurs mainly via the inverse pathway of the modified stalk model. For large spontaneous curvature of the monolayers of the detergents, a pore is often opened, thereby leading to vesicle division or worm-like micelle formation.

This article is from BMC Genomics , volume 15 . Abstract Background: Western corn rootworm (WCR) is one of the most significant insect pests of maize in North America. WCR has dramatically increased its range in the last century, invading key maize production areas in the US and abroad. In addition, this species has a history of evolving traits that allow it to escape various control options. Improved genetic and genomic resources are crucial tools for understanding population history and the genetic basis of trait evolution. Here we produce and analyze a transcriptome assembly for WCR. We also perform whole genome population resequencing, and combine these resources to better understand the evolutionary history of WCR. Results: The WCR transcriptome assembly presented here contains approximately 16,000 unigenes, many of which have high similarity to other insect species. Among these unigenes we found several gene families that have been implicated in insecticide resistance in other species. We also identified over 500,000 unigene based SNPs among 26 WCR populations. We used these SNPs to scan for outliers among the candidate genes, and to understand how population processes have shaped genetic variation in this species. Conclusions: This study highlights the utility of transcriptomic and genomic resources as foundational tools for dealing with highly adaptive pest species. Using these tools we identified candidate gene families for insecticide resistance and reveal aspects of WCR population history in light of the species’ recent range expansion.