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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the extensive measures to prevent a further spread of the virus have had a major impact on the daily life of all citizens, including families with adolescent children. As in many other countries, children in the Netherlands could not attend school, had limited (face-to-face) contact with peers, and their structured leisure activities were often cancelled. At the same time, many parents had to work from home and supervise the schoolwork of their children. These changes in family life might have an impact on parenting and parent-child relationship quality. However, not all families might be affected by the crisis to a similar extent. In particular, parents and adolescents who experienced high levels of stress resulting from the preventive measures, or worried about changes in their financial situation or the well-being and health of themselves and their relatives might react with more negativity in parenting or parent-child interactions. Moreover, ineffective coping strategies might make parents and adolescents more stress-prone impacting family relationships negatively. On the other hand, families who are able to cope effectively might experience limited or even positive changes in relationship quality during the COVID-19 pandemic. The current study will examine the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on parenting and parent-child relationship quality during early adolescence, as well as the moderating role of COVID-19-related stress and coping on changes in parenting and parent-child relationship quality. We will use two waves of data from 246 Dutch parents and adolescents (M age 12 years) from the multi-informant study “InTransition”. Using latent change score models, we will examine whether and how parent-reported parenting and adolescent-reported warmth and negative interaction change over a 6-month period, from the pre-COVID-19 to the COVID-19 period. Moreover, we will examine the moderating role of COVID-19-related stress and coping strategies of both parents and adolescents in these changes, as well as the effect of the interaction between stress and coping on relationship change.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the extensive measures to prevent a further spread of the virus have had a major impact on the daily life of all citizens, including families with adolescent children. As in many other countries, children in the Netherlands could not attend school, had limited (face-to-face) contact with peers, and their structured leisure activities were often cancelled. At the same time, many parents had to work from home and supervise the schoolwork of their children. These changes in family life might have an impact on parenting and parent-child relationship quality. However, not all families might be affected by the crisis to a similar extent. In particular, parents and adolescents who experienced high levels of stress resulting from the preventive measures, or worried about changes in their financial situation or the well-being and health of themselves and their relatives might react with more negativity in parenting or parent-child interactions. Moreover, ineffective coping strategies might make parents and adolescents more stress-prone impacting family relationships negatively. On the other hand, families who are able to cope effectively might experience limited or even positive changes in relationship quality during the COVID-19 pandemic. The current study will examine the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on parenting and parent-child relationship quality during early adolescence, as well as the moderating role of COVID-19-related stress and coping on changes in parenting and parent-child relationship quality. We will use two waves of data from 246 Dutch parents and adolescents (M age 12 years) from the multi-informant study “InTransition”. Using latent change score models, we will examine whether and how parent-reported parenting and adolescent-reported warmth and negative interaction change over a 6-month period, from the pre-COVID-19 to the COVID-19 period. Moreover, we will examine the moderating role of COVID-19-related stress and coping strategies of both parents and adolescents in these changes, as well as the effect of the interaction between stress and coping on relationship change.