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The absolutely continuous spectrum of an ergodic family of one-dimensional Schr\"odinger operators is completely determined by the Lyapunov exponent as shown by Ishii, Kotani and Pastur. Moreover, the part of the theory developed by Kotani gives powerful tools for proving the absence of absolutely continuous spectrum, the presence of absolutely continuous spectrum, and even the presence of purely absolutely continuous spectrum. We review these results and their recent applications to a number of problems: the absence of absolutely continuous spectrum for rough potentials, the absence of absolutely continuous spectrum for potentials defined by the doubling map on the circle, and the absence of singular spectrum for the subcritical almost Mathieu operator.

A review on spectral and differential-geometric properties of Delsarte transmutation operators in multidimension is given. Their differential geometrical and topological structure in multidimension is analyzed, the relationships with De Rham-Hodge-Skrypnik theory of generalized differential complexes are stated. Some applications to integrable dynamical systems theory in multidimension are presented.

The differential-geometric and topological structure of Delsarte transmutation operators and associated with them Gelfand-Levitan-Marchenko type eqautions are studied making use of the De Rham-Hodge-Skrypnik differential complex. The relationships with spectral theory and special Berezansky type congruence properties of Delsarte transmuted operators are stated. Some applications to multidimensional differential operators are done including three-dimensional Laplace operator, two-dimensional classical Dirac operator and its multidimensional affine extension, related with self-dual Yang-Mills eqautions. The soliton like solutions to the related set of nonlinear dynamical systemare discussed.

We prove that the Dirichlet-to-Neumann operator (DtN) has no spectrum in the lower half of the complex plane. We find several application of this fact in scattering by obstacles with impedance boundary conditions. In particular, we find an upper bound for the gradient of the scattering amplitude and for the total cross section. We justify numerical approximations by providing bounds on difference between theoretical and approximated solutions without using any a priory unknown constants.

We prove that the Dirichlet-to-Neumann operator (DtN) has no spectrum in the lower half of the complex plane. We find several application of this fact in scattering by obstacles with impedance boundary conditions. In particular, we find an upper bound for the gradient of the scattering amplitude and for the total cross section. We justify numerical approximations by providing bounds on difference between theoretical and approximated solutions without using any a priory unknown constants.