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A wide area network consisting of ballistic missile defense satellites and terrestrial nodes can be viewed as a hybrid, large-scale mobile wireless sensor network. Building on research in the areas of the wireless sensor networks (WSN) and the mobile ad hoc networks (MANET), this thesis proposes an efficient multistage security mechanism for node and data authentication and data confidentiality. Node authentication is provided by digital signatures and the public key infrastructure (PKI). The TESLA algorithm and IPSec are utilized for data authentication and confidentiality, respectively. Performance analysis and simulation results demonstrate that the proposed mechanism meets the real-time data dissemination requirements of a ballistic missile defense system while maintaining throughput commensurate with unencrypted Internet Protocol (IP).

A wide area network consisting of ballistic missile defense satellites and terrestrial nodes can be viewed as a hybrid, large-scale mobile wireless sensor network. Building on research in the areas of the wireless sensor networks (WSN) and the mobile ad hoc networks (MANET), this thesis proposes an efficient multistage security mechanism for node and data authentication and data confidentiality. Node authentication is provided by digital signatures and the public key infrastructure (PKI). The TESLA algorithm and IPSec are utilized for data authentication and confidentiality, respectively. Performance analysis and simulation results demonstrate that the proposed mechanism meets the real-time data dissemination requirements of a ballistic missile defense system while maintaining throughput commensurate with unencrypted Internet Protocol (IP).

Security and quality of service (QoS) issues in cluster-based wireless sensornetworks are investigated. The QoS perspective is mostly at application levelconsisting of four attributes, which are spatial resolution, coverage, and system lifetime and packet loss due to collisions. 

Today, the wireless sensor network (WSN) plays an important role in our daily life. In addition, it is used in many applications such as military, medical, greenhouse, and transport. Due to the sending data between its nodes or to the base station requires a connection link, the sensor nodes can be exposed to the many attacks that exploit the weaknesses of the network. One of the most important types of these attacks is the denial of service (DoS). DoS attack exhausts the system's resources that lead the system to be out of service. In this paper, a cyber-security algorithm is proposed for physical level of WSN that adopts message queuing telemetry transport (MQTT) protocol for data transmission and networking. This algorithm predicts the DoS attacks at the first time of happening to be isolated from the WSN. It includes three stages of detecting the attack, predicting the effects of this attack and preventing the attacks by excluding the predicted nodes from the WSN. We applied a type of DoS attack that is a DoS injection attack (DoSIA) on the network protocol. The proposed algorithm is tested by adopting three case studies to cover the most common cases of attacks. The experiment results show the superior of the proposed algorithm in detecting and solving the cyber-attacks.

Key predistribution is a well-known technique for ensuring secure communication via encryption among sensors deployed in an ad-hoc manner to form a sensor network. In this paper, we propose a novel 2-Phase technique for key predistribution based on a combination of inherited and random key assignments from the given key pool to individual sensor nodes. We also develop an analytical framework for measuring security-performance tradeoffs of different key distribution schemes by providing metrics for measuring sensornet connectivity and resiliency to enemy attacks. In particular, we show analytically that the 2-Phase scheme provides better average connectivity and superior $q$-composite connectivity than the random scheme. We then prove that the invulnerability of a communication link under arbitrary number of node captures by an adversary is higher under the 2-Phase scheme. The probability of a communicating node pair having an exclusive key also scales better with network size under the 2-Phase scheme. We also show analytically that the vulnerability of an arbitrary communication link in the sensornet to single node capture is lower under 2-Phase assuming both network-wide as well as localized capture. Simulation results also show that the number of exclusive keys shared between any two nodes is higher while the number of $q$-composite links compromised when a given number of nodes are captured by the enemy is smaller under the 2-Phase scheme as compared to the random one.

This article is from Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) , volume 12 . Abstract Recent technological advances in wireless communications and physiological sensing allow miniature, lightweight, ultra-low power, intelligent monitoring devices, which can be integrated into a Wireless Body Sensor Network (WBSN) for health monitoring. Physiological signals of humans such as heartbeats, temperature and pulse can be monitored from a distant location using tiny biomedical wireless sensors. Hence, it is highly essential to combine the ubiquitous computing with mobile health technology using wireless sensors and smart phones to monitor the well-being of chronic patients such as cardiac, Parkinson and epilepsy patients. Since physiological data of a patient are highly sensitive, maintaining its confidentiality is highly essential. Hence, security is a vital research issue in mobile health (mHealth) applications, especially if a patient has an embarrassing disease. In this paper a three tier security architecture for the mHealth application is proposed, in which light weight data confidentiality and authentication protocols are proposed to maintain the privacy of a patient. Moreover, considering the energy and hardware constraints of the wireless body sensors, low complexity data confidential and authentication schemes are designed. Performance evaluation of the proposed architecture shows that they can satisfy the energy and hardware limitations of the sensors and still can maintain the secure fabrics of the wireless body sensor networks. Besides, the proposed schemes can outperform in terms of energy consumption, memory usage and computation time over standard key establishment security scheme.

A wide area network consisting of ballistic missile defense satellites and terrestrial nodes can be viewed as a hybrid, large-scale mobile wireless sensor network. Building on research in the areas of the wireless sensor networks (WSN) and the mobile ad hoc networks (MANET), this thesis proposes an efficient multistage security mechanism for node and data authentication and data confidentiality. Node authentication is provided by digital signatures and the public key infrastructure (PKI). The TESLA algorithm and IPSec are utilized for data authentication and confidentiality, respectively. Performance analysis and simulation results demonstrate that the proposed mechanism meets the real-time data dissemination requirements of a ballistic missile defense system while maintaining throughput commensurate with unencrypted Internet Protocol (IP).

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are composed of large numbers of minimal capacity sensing computing, and communicating devices. These devices operate in complex and noisy environments. Transient and permanent random failures are commonplace. The considerable redundancy in such systems creates great potential for designing them to continue to provide their specified services even in the face of large numbers of such failures. WSNs are also susceptible to malicious, non-random security attacks. For example, a wireless sensor network deployed in remote regions to detect and classify targets could be rendered inoperative by various security attacks. To meet realistic requirements, WSNs must be able to continue to operate satisfactorily in the presence of, and to recover effectively from, security attacks. We propose that safe self-healing and adaptive infrastructures can work together to permit WSNs to continue to operate and self-heal in the presence of failures and security attacks.

This article is from Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) , volume 13 . Abstract Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) can be quickly and randomly deployed in any harsh and unattended environment and only authorized users are allowed to access reliable sensor nodes in WSNs with the aid of gateways (GWNs). Secure authentication models among the users, the sensor nodes and GWN are important research issues for ensuring communication security and data privacy in WSNs. In 2013, Xue et al. proposed a temporal-credential-based mutual authentication and key agreement scheme for WSNs. However, in this paper, we point out that Xue et al.'s scheme cannot resist stolen-verifier, insider, off-line password guessing, smart card lost problem and many logged-in users' attacks and these security weaknesses make the scheme inapplicable to practical WSN applications. To tackle these problems, we suggest a simple countermeasure to prevent proposed attacks while the other merits of Xue et al.'s authentication scheme are left unchanged.

This article is from Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) , volume 14 . Abstract Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) consist of sensors, gateways and users. Sensors are widely distributed to monitor various conditions, such as temperature, sound, speed and pressure but they have limited computational ability and energy. To reduce the resource use of sensors and enhance the security of WSNs, various user authentication protocols have been proposed. In 2011, Yeh et al. first proposed a user authentication protocol based on elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) for WSNs. However, it turned out that Yeh et al.'s protocol does not provide mutual authentication, perfect forward secrecy, and key agreement between the user and sensor. Later in 2013, Shi et al. proposed a new user authentication protocol that improves both security and efficiency of Yeh et al.'s protocol. However, Shi et al.'s improvement introduces other security weaknesses. In this paper, we show that Shi et al.'s improved protocol is vulnerable to session key attack, stolen smart card attack, and sensor energy exhausting attack. In addition, we propose a new, security-enhanced user authentication protocol using ECC for WSNs.