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 bow ties are cool

Encyclopédie en 94 vol. Les volumes 30(2), 44, 77 et 78 n'ont pas été publiés. Available at the Bibliothèque interuniversitaire de santé (Paris). See this resource in Medica digital library : pharma_018935x16 .

Electromagnetic moments of scandium isotopes and N = 28 isotones in the distinctive 0f7/2 orbit 作者： S. W. Bai 1 Á. Koszorús 2,3 B. S. Hu 4,1 X. F. Yang 1 J. Billowes 5 C. L. Binnersley 5 M. L. Bissell 5 K. Blaum 6 P. Campbell 5 B. Cheal 3 T. E. Cocolios 2 R. P. de Groote 7 C. S. Devlin 3 K. T. Flanagan 5,8 R. F. Garcia Ruiz 9,10 H. Heylen 10 J. D. Holt 4,11 A. Kanellakopoulos 2 J. Krämer 12 V. Lagaki 10 B. Maaß 12 S. Malbrunot-Ettenauer 10 T. Miyagi 4 R. Neugart 6,13 G. Neyens 2,10 W. Nörtershäuser 12 L. V. Rodríguez 6,10,14 F. Sommer 12 A. R. Vernon 5 S. J. Wang 1 X. B. Wang 15 S. G. Wilkins 16 Z. Y. Xu 2 C. X. Yuan 17 作者单位： 1. School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China 2. KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium 3. Oliver Lodge Laboratory, Oxford Street, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZE, United Kingdom 4. TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada 5. School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom 6. Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany 7. Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, PB 35(YFL) FIN-40351 Jyväskylä, Finland 8. Photon Science Institute Alan Turing Building, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PY, United Kingdom 9. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA 10. Experimental Physics Department, CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland 11. Department of Physics, McGill University, 3600 Rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada 12. Institut für Kernphysik, TU Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany 13. Institut für Kernchemie, Universität Mainz, D-55128 Mainz, Germany 14. Institute de Physique Nucléaire, CNRS-IN2P3, Université Paris-Sud,Université Paris-Saclay, 91406 Orsay, France 15. School of Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China 16. Engineering Department, CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland 17. Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, Guangdong, China 通讯作者： X. F. Yang 提交时间： 2023-06-21 摘要: The electric quadrupole moment of $^{49}$Sc was measured by collinear laser spectroscopy at CERN-ISOLDE to be $Q_{ rm s}=-0.159(8)$~$e$b, and a nearly tenfold improvement in precision was reached for the electromagnetic moments of $^{47,49}$Sc. The single-particle behavior and nucleon-nucleon correlations are investigated with the electromagnetic moments of $Z=21$ isotopes and $N=28$ isotones as valence neutrons and protons fill the distinctive $0f_{7/2}$ orbit, respectively, located between magic numbers, 20 and 28. The experimental data are interpreted with shell-model calculations using an effective interaction, and textit{ab-initio} valence-space in-medium similarity renormalization group calculations based on chiral interactions. These results highlight the sensitivity of nuclear electromagnetic moments to different types of nucleon-nucleon correlations, and establish an important benchmark for further developments of theoretical calculations. Collinear laser spectroscopy Electromagnetic moments Nucleon-nucleon correlation Ab-initio calculation 来自： Shiwei Bai 链接： https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0370269322001988 期刊： Physics Letters B 分类： 物理学 >> 核物理学 投稿状态： 已在期刊出版 引用： ChinaXiv:202306.00633 (或此版本 ChinaXiv:202306.00633V1 ) DOI:10.12074/202306.00633V1 推荐引用方式： S. W. Bai,Á. Koszorús,B. S. Hu,X. F. Yang,J. Billowes,C. L. Binnersley,M. L. Bissell,K. Blaum,P. Campbell,B. Cheal,T. E. Cocolios,R. P. de Groote,C. S. Devlin,K. T. Flanagan,R. F. Garcia Ruiz,H. Heylen,J. D. Holt,A. Kanellakopoulos,J. Krämer,V. Lagaki,B. Maaß,S. Malbrunot-Ettenauer,T. Miyagi,R. Neugart,G. Neyens,W. Nörtershäuser,L. V. Rodríguez,F. Sommer,A. R. Vernon,S. J. Wang,X. B. Wang,S. G. Wilkins,Z. Y. Xu,C. X. Yuan.(2023).Electromagnetic moments of scandium isotopes and N = 28 isotones in the distinctive 0f7/2 orbit.Physics Letters B.doi:10.12074/202306.00633V1 版本历史 [V1] 2023-06-21 15:38:13 ChinaXiv:202306.00633V1 下载全文

This article is from Trials , volume 15 . Abstract Background: Uveal melanoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults. Despite successful control of the primary tumor, metastatic disease will ultimately develop in approximately 50% of patients, with the liver being the most common site for metastases. The median survival for patients with liver metastases is between 6 and 12 months, and no treatment has in randomized trials ever been shown to prolong survival. A previous phase II trial using isolated hepatic perfusion (IHP) has suggested a 14-month increase in overall survival compared with a historic control group consisting of the longest surviving patients in Sweden during the same time period (26 versus 12 months). Methods/Design: This is the protocol for a multicenter phase III trial randomizing patients with isolated liver metastases of uveal melanoma to IHP or best alternative care (BAC). Inclusion criteria include liver metastases (verified by biopsy) and no evidence of extra-hepatic tumor manifestations by positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET-CT). The primary endpoint is overall survival at 24 months, with secondary endpoints including response rate, progression-free survival, and quality of life. The planned sample size is 78 patients throughout five years. Discussion: Patients with isolated liver metastases of uveal melanoma origin have a short expected survival and no standard treatment option exists. This is the first randomized clinical trial to evaluate IHP as a treatment option with overall survival being the primary endpoint. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT01785316 (registered 1 February 2013). EudraCT registration number: 2013-000564-29.

This article is from Nanoscale Research Letters , volume 9 . Abstract Polycrystalline Er-Sc silicates (ErxSc2-xSi2O7 and ErxSc2-xSiO5) were fabricated using multilayer nanostructured films of Er2O3/SiO2/Sc2O3 deposited on SiO2/Si substrates by RF sputtering and thermal annealing at high temperature. The films were characterized by synchrotron radiation grazing incidence X-ray diffraction, cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and micro-photoluminescence measurements. The Er-Sc silicate phase ErxSc2-xSi2O7 is the dominant film, and Er and Sc are homogeneously distributed after thermal treatment because of the excess of oxygen from SiO2 interlayers. The Er concentration of 6.7 × 1021 atoms/cm3 was achieved due to the presence of Sc that dilutes the Er concentration and generates concentration quenching. During silicate formation, the erbium diffusion coefficient in the silicate phase is estimated to be 1 × 10-15 cm2/s at 1,250°C. The dominant ErxSc2 - xSi2O7 layer shows a room-temperature photoluminescence peak at 1,537 nm with the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 1.6 nm. The peak emission shift compared to that of the Y-Er silicate (where Y and Er have almost the same ionic radii) and the narrow FWHM are due to the small ionic radii of Sc3+ which enhance the crystal field strength affecting the optical properties of Er3+ ions located at the well-defined lattice sites of the Sc silicate. The Er-Sc silicate with narrow FWHM opens a promising way to prepare photonic crystal light-emitting devices.

This article is from Nanoscale Research Letters , volume 9 . Abstract Polycrystalline Er-Sc silicates (ErxSc2-xSi2O7 and ErxSc2-xSiO5) were fabricated using multilayer nanostructured films of Er2O3/SiO2/Sc2O3 deposited on SiO2/Si substrates by RF sputtering and thermal annealing at high temperature. The films were characterized by synchrotron radiation grazing incidence X-ray diffraction, cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and micro-photoluminescence measurements. The Er-Sc silicate phase ErxSc2-xSi2O7 is the dominant film, and Er and Sc are homogeneously distributed after thermal treatment because of the excess of oxygen from SiO2 interlayers. The Er concentration of 6.7 × 1021 atoms/cm3 was achieved due to the presence of Sc that dilutes the Er concentration and generates concentration quenching. During silicate formation, the erbium diffusion coefficient in the silicate phase is estimated to be 1 × 10-15 cm2/s at 1,250°C. The dominant ErxSc2 - xSi2O7 layer shows a room-temperature photoluminescence peak at 1,537 nm with the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 1.6 nm. The peak emission shift compared to that of the Y-Er silicate (where Y and Er have almost the same ionic radii) and the narrow FWHM are due to the small ionic radii of Sc3+ which enhance the crystal field strength affecting the optical properties of Er3+ ions located at the well-defined lattice sites of the Sc silicate. The Er-Sc silicate with narrow FWHM opens a promising way to prepare photonic crystal light-emitting devices.

"The Leading Features of the Electric Furnace Spectrum of Scandium" is an article from Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Volume 33 . View more articles from Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific . View this article on JSTOR . View this article's JSTOR metadata . You may also retrieve all of this items metadata in JSON at the following URL: https://archive.org/metadata/jstor-40710704

"The Leading Features of the Electric Furnace Spectrum of Scandium" is an article from Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Volume 33 . View more articles from Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific . View this article on JSTOR . View this article's JSTOR metadata . You may also retrieve all of this items metadata in JSON at the following URL: https://archive.org/metadata/jstor-40710704

"The Leading Features of the Electric Furnace Spectrum of Scandium" is an article from Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Volume 33 . View more articles from Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific . View this article on JSTOR . View this article's JSTOR metadata . You may also retrieve all of this items metadata in JSON at the following URL: https://archive.org/metadata/jstor-40710704

The Spectrum of Scandium and Its Relation to Solar Spectra. Fowler, A. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Containing Papers of a Mathematical and Physical Character (1905-1934). 1908-11-09. 81 (548):335–336

On Scandium. Part II. Crookes, W. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Containing Papers of a Mathematical and Physical Character (1905-1934). 1910-07-08. 84 (568):79–85

On Scandium. Part II. Crookes, W. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Containing Papers of a Mathematical and Physical Character (1905-1934). 1910-07-08. 84 (568):79–85

tecnologie segrete

artykuł w: Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska. Sectio AA, Chemia Vol. 50/51, 2 (1995/1996), strony 23-33 ; streszczenie w języku polskim

Aeronautic and aerospace applications require piezoelectric materials that can operate at high temperatures. The air-breathing aeronautic engines can use piezoelectric actuators for active combustion control for fuel modulation to mitigate thermo-acoustic instabilities and/or gas flow control to improve efficiency. The principal challenge for the insertion of piezoelectric materials is their limitation for upper use temperature and this limitation is due low Curie temperature and increasing conductivity. We investigated processing, microstructure and property relationship of (1-x)BiScO3-(x)PbTiO3 (BS-PT) composition as a promising high temperature piezoelectric. The effect of excess Pb and Bi and their partitioning in grain boundaries were studied using impedance spectroscopy, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric measurement techniques. Excess Pb addition increased the grain boundary conduction and the grain boundary area (average grain size was 24.8 m, and 1.3 m for compositions with 0at.% and 5at.% excess Pb, respectively) resulting in ceramics with higher AC conductivity (tan d= 0.9 and 1.7 for 0at.% and 5at.% excess Pb at 350 C and at 10kHz) that were not resistive enough to pole. Excess Bi addition increased the resistivity (rho= 4.1x10(exp 10) Omega cm and 19.6 x10(exp 10) Omega.cm for compositions with 0at.% and 5at.% excess Bi, respectively), improved poling, and increased the piezoelectric coefficient from 137 to 197 pC/N for 5at.% excess Bi addition. In addition, loss tangent decreased more than one order of magnitude at elevated temperatures (greater than 300 C). For all compositions the activation energy of the conducting species was similar (approximately equal to 0.35-0.40 eV) and indicated electronic conduction.

Phase diagram and properties of aluminum-scandium system alloys

Phase diagram and properties of aluminum-scandium system alloys

Phase diagram and properties of aluminum-scandium system alloys

Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards

We present the most accurate up-to-date theoretical values of the {2p_{1/2}}-{2s} and {2p_{3/2}}-{2s} transition energies and the ground-state hyperfine splitting in ${\rm Sc}^{18+}$. All two- and three-electron contributions to the energy values up to the two-photon level are treated in the framework of bound-state QED without $\aZ$-expansion. The interelectronic interaction beyond the two-photon level is taken into account by means of the large-scale configuration-interaction Dirac-Fock-Sturm (CI-DFS) method. The relativistic recoil correction is calculated with many-electron wave functions in order to take into account the electron-correlation effect. The accuracy of the transition energy values is improved by a factor of five compared to the previous calculations. The CI-DFS calculation of interelectronic-interaction effects and the evaluation of the QED correction in an effective screening potential provide significant improvement for the $2s$ hyperfine splitting. The results obtained are in a good agreement with recently published experimental data.

Element • Language: Hebrew • Author: Ashur Cherry (Toronto, Canada) Hebrew Language Publications are Dedicated in Honour of Professor Binyamin Geva

Element • Language: Hebrew • Author: Ashur Cherry (Toronto, Canada) Hebrew Language Publications are Dedicated in Honour of Professor Binyamin Geva

The Spectrum of Scandium, and Its Relation to Solar Spectra. Fowler, A Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Containing Papers of a Math. or Phys. Character (1896-1934). 1909-01-01. 209:47–70

This article is from European Journal of Dentistry , volume 7 . Abstract Objective:: The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the microleakage and bond strength of Class V silorane-based and universal micro-hybrid composite restorations prepared either with diamond bur or with an erbium, chromium: yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er, Cr:YSGG) laser. Materials and Methods:: A total of 160 molar teeth were used for microleakage assessment and shear bond strength (SBS) test. The specimens were prepared using either diamond bur or 3 W-, 4 W- and 5 W-20 Hz Er, Cr:YSGG laser irradiation. All specimens were subjected to thermocycling (500 times at 5 ± 2°C to 55 ± 2°C, dwell time 15 s and transfer time 10 s). Microleakage was assessed using a 0.5% basic-fuchsin solution. The bond strengths were determined using a microtensile tester at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. The Kruskal Wallis test was used for the analysis of microleakage and a one-way analysis of variance test was used to analyze the SBS (P < 0.05). Results:: No statistically significant differences were found (P > 0.05) between Er, Cr:YSGG laser and bur preparation methods regarding microleakage and bond strength values. Conclusion:: Irradiation with Er, Cr:YSGG laser was confirmed to be as effective as conventional methods for preparing cavities before adhesive restorations.

We report the discovery of thermal X-ray emission from the youngest Galactic supernova remnant G1.9+0.3, from a 237-ks Chandra observation. We detect strong K-shell lines of Si, S, Ar, Ca, and Fe. In addition, we detect a 4.1 keV line with 99.971% confidence which we attribute to 44Sc, produced by electron capture from 44Ti. Combining the data with our earlier Chandra observation allows us to detect the line in two regions independently. For a remnant age of 100 yr, our measured total line strength indicates synthesis of $(1 - 7) \times 10^{-5}$ solar masses of 44Ti, in the range predicted for both Type Ia and core-collapse supernovae, but somewhat smaller than the $2 \times 10^{-4}$ solar masses reported for Cas A. The line spectrum indicates supersolar abundances. The Fe emission has a width of about 28,000 km/s, consistent with an age of about 100 yr and with the inferred mean shock velocity of 14,000 km/s deduced assuming a distance of 8.5 kpc. Most thermal emission comes from regions of lower X-ray but higher radio surface brightness. Deeper observations should allow more detailed spatial mapping of scandium, with significant implications for models of nucleosynthesis in Type Ia supernovae.

{\rm Context.} Atomic diffusion is believed to cause the abundance anomalies observed in AmFm stars. However, the detailed process has still not been well-established. For instance, two possible scenarios for the diffusion theory are presently envisaged. They differ mainly by the depth from which the abundance anomalies emanate. The first scenario predicts that the abundances are modified in the superficial regions of the star, just below the hydrogen convection zone. The second scenario predicts that a much deeper extension of the mixing zone exists due to the convection caused by Fe accumulation in regions below the hydrogen convection zone. {\rm Aims.} We calculate much more accurate radiative accelerations of Sc than previously, to better understand the observed abundance anomalies of this element. We believe that it is a key element to use as a diagnostic tool for understanding AmFm stars. {\rmMethods.} The method employed to obtain these radiative accelerations is based on an interpolation from the parameters of the so-called SVP parametric method. {\rm Results.} The radiative accelerations, shown here in a typical Am stellar model, are discussed in light of the observed anomalies of Ca and Sc. Our results suggest that the deeper mixing scenario is not entirely satisfactory: the mixing zone should be deeper than what is predicted by recent models to account for observed Sc underabundances. Our results seem more compatible with the scenario where the abundances anomalies are created in the superficial regions. However, only detailed evolutionary modelling with mass loss and diffusion of all important species, including Ca and Sc, with accurate radiative accelerations, will be able to give more insight into where the source of these anomalies occur in AmFm stars.

Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards

The recent fragmentation data for central collisions of Gold on Gold are even qualitatively different from those for central collisions of Argon on Scandium. The latter can be fitted with a lattice gas model calculation. Effort is made to understand why the model fails for Gold on Gold. The calculation suggests that the large Coulomb interaction which is operative for the larger system is responsible for this discrepancy. This is demonstrated by mapping the lattice gas model to a molecular dynamics calculation for disassembly. This mapping is quite faithful for Argon on Scandium but deviates strongly for Gold on Gold. The molecular dynamics calculation for disassembly reproduces the characteristics of the fragmentation data for both Gold on Gold and Argon on Scandium.

"The Enhanced Lines of Scandium as Ionization Indicators" is an article from Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Volume 34 . View more articles from Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific . View this article on JSTOR . View this article's JSTOR metadata . You may also retrieve all of this items metadata in JSON at the following URL: https://archive.org/metadata/jstor-40693227

This paper is in the public domain in USA. Metadata comes from the CrossRef API, see full record in the source URL below.

Mass spectroscopy of vaporization of lanthanum and scandium carbides

Element • Language: Hebrew • Author: Ashur Cherry (Toronto, Canada) Hebrew Language Publications are Dedicated in Honour of Professor Binyamin Geva

Element • Language: Hebrew • Author: Ashur Cherry (Toronto, Canada) Hebrew Language Publications are Dedicated in Honour of Professor Binyamin Geva

This report addresses the solid-state laser host material GSGG (gadolinium Sacandium Gallium Garnet) and its application in two separate types of lasers. First, GSGG is treated as the host material for chromium-doped lasers which are tunable in the near-infrared spectral region. Second, neodymium-doped GSGG, with and without chromium as a sensitizing codopant, is considered as a potential direct replacement for ND:YAG for improved performance. Closely related garnet materials similar to GSGG are also briefly considered.

Customized version of https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:4079231 Created with Customizer! https://www.thingiverse.com/apps/customizer/run?thing_id=4079231

Alpha particle-triton reaction on scandium 45 at 41 MeV

Rare earth, yttrium, and scandium abundances in meteoritic and terrestrial matter

Element • Language: Hebrew • Author: Ashur Cherry (Toronto, Canada) Hebrew Language Publications are Dedicated in Honour of Professor Binyamin Geva

Element • Language: Hebrew • Author: Ashur Cherry (Toronto, Canada) Hebrew Language Publications are Dedicated in Honour of Professor Binyamin Geva

Instrumental neutron activation analysis of element abundance in meteorites

Differential cross sections for Sc-45/deuteron, alpha particle/Ca-43 reaction

This Technical Memorandum describes the development of several high-strength aluminum (Al) alloys that are compatible with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) propellant for NASA Hypersonic-X (Hyper-X) vehicles fuel tanks and structures. The yield strengths for some of these Al-magnesium-based alloys are more than 3 times stronger than the conventional 5254-H112 Al alloy, while maintaining excellent H2O2 compatibility similar to class 1 5254 alloy. The alloy development strategy is to add scandium, zirconium, and other transitional metals with unique electrochemical properties, which will not act as catalysts, to decompose the highly concentrated 90 percent H2O2. Test coupons are machined from sheet metals for H2O2 long-term exposure testing and mechanical properties testing. In addition, the ability to weld the new alloys using friction stir welding has also been explored. The new high-strength alloys could represent an enabling material technology for Hyper-X vehicles, where flight weight reduction is a critical requirement.

Currently, twenty-three scandium, twenty-five titanium, forty mercury and seventeen einsteinium isotopes have been observed and the discovery of these isotopes is discussed here. For each isotope a brief synopsis of the first refereed publication, including the production and identification method, is presented.

We investigate the formation of neutral and singly ionized scandium lines in the solar photospheres. The research is aimed derive solar $\log gf\epsilon_{\odot}$(Sc) values for scandium lines, which will later be used in differential abundance analyses of metal-poor stars. Extensive statistical equilibrium calculations were carried out for a model atom, which comprises 92 terms for \ion{Sc}{i} and 79 for \ion{Sc}{ii}. Photoionization cross-sections are assumed to be hydrogenic. Synthetic line profiles calculated from the level populations according to the NLTE departure coefficients were compared with the observed solar spectral atlas. Hyperfine structure (HFS) broadening is taken into account. The statistical equilibrium of scandium is dominated by a strong underpopulation of \ion{Sc}{i} caused by missing strong lines. It is nearly unaffected by the variation in interaction parameters and only marginally sensitive to the choice of the solar atmospheric model. Abundance determinations using the ODF model lead to a solar Sc abundance of between $\log\epsilon_\odot = 3.07$ and 3.13, depending on the choice of $f$ values. The long known difference between photospheric and meteoritic scandium abundances is confirmed for the experimental $f$-values.

We investigate the formation of neutral and singly ionized scandium lines in the solar photospheres. The research is aimed derive solar $\log gf\epsilon_{\odot}$(Sc) values for scandium lines, which will later be used in differential abundance analyses of metal-poor stars. Extensive statistical equilibrium calculations were carried out for a model atom, which comprises 92 terms for \ion{Sc}{i} and 79 for \ion{Sc}{ii}. Photoionization cross-sections are assumed to be hydrogenic. Synthetic line profiles calculated from the level populations according to the NLTE departure coefficients were compared with the observed solar spectral atlas. Hyperfine structure (HFS) broadening is taken into account. The statistical equilibrium of scandium is dominated by a strong underpopulation of \ion{Sc}{i} caused by missing strong lines. It is nearly unaffected by the variation in interaction parameters and only marginally sensitive to the choice of the solar atmospheric model. Abundance determinations using the ODF model lead to a solar Sc abundance of between $\log\epsilon_\odot = 3.07$ and 3.13, depending on the choice of $f$ values. The long known difference between photospheric and meteoritic scandium abundances is confirmed for the experimental $f$-values.

We investigate the formation of neutral and singly ionized scandium lines in the solar photospheres. The research is aimed derive solar $\log gf\epsilon_{\odot}$(Sc) values for scandium lines, which will later be used in differential abundance analyses of metal-poor stars. Extensive statistical equilibrium calculations were carried out for a model atom, which comprises 92 terms for \ion{Sc}{i} and 79 for \ion{Sc}{ii}. Photoionization cross-sections are assumed to be hydrogenic. Synthetic line profiles calculated from the level populations according to the NLTE departure coefficients were compared with the observed solar spectral atlas. Hyperfine structure (HFS) broadening is taken into account. The statistical equilibrium of scandium is dominated by a strong underpopulation of \ion{Sc}{i} caused by missing strong lines. It is nearly unaffected by the variation in interaction parameters and only marginally sensitive to the choice of the solar atmospheric model. Abundance determinations using the ODF model lead to a solar Sc abundance of between $\log\epsilon_\odot = 3.07$ and 3.13, depending on the choice of $f$ values. The long known difference between photospheric and meteoritic scandium abundances is confirmed for the experimental $f$-values.

This essay of a cultured observer, for many years United States consul in Rome, appeared in Harper's New Monthly Magazine, vol 10, issue 59, April, 1855, pp 577 - 600. (Summary by David Wales)

2Blind Brother

By Homer Greene

This is the first book written by Homer Greene, whose primary occupation was lawyer. It tells of 14-year-old Tom Taylor, and his 12-year-old blind brother Bennie, who work in the Pennsylvania coal mines in the late 1800s, earning money for an operation for the younger lad. A story of strikes and mine "falls" (cave-ins) along the way. - Summary by Donald Cummings

3Tale of the Tow-Path

By Homer Greene

All work and no play makes 14-year-old Joe Gaston run away. He's also falsely branded as a horse-thief by his own father. This heart-warming story tells of Joe's wanderings and life on the tow-path, of finding Old Charlie and the real horse-thief, how his name is cleared, and his return home. This book, published in 1892, is the third written by Homer Greene, whose primary profession was law. His novels generally include a legal transgression with an interrogation or court-room scene. (Summary by Donald Cummings)

4Riverpark Rebellion

By Homer Greene

A tale of the Riverpark Academy for cadets, in which there is growing discontent leading to a revolt against the academy's leaders. The rebellion takes the form of an unauthorized "holiday" in which a number of cadets leave the grounds for a some fun, including attending a circus. The story follows one cadet's descent into dishonor and disgrace, and how he strives to become an honorable boy again. - Summary by Donald Cummings

5Monitor and the Merrimac: Both sides of the story

By Samuel Greene, H. Ashton Ramsay, Eugene Winslow Watson and John Worden

The American Civil War lasted four years, from 1861 to 1865. It included some iconic battles that have maintained enough interest to merit recounting the events in countless books. One such seminal battle was that of the USS Monitor versus the USS Merrimack, two ironclad ships, repurposed and redesigned to have a defensive advantage against conventional wooden war ships of the 19th century. The Monitor and the Merrimack faced off in a duel in the harbor at Hampton Roads, Virginia. The event represented the beginning of a new era of naval warfare. “The Monitor and the Merrimac” is a unique historical account of the first-hand experiences and perspectives of soldiers on each of the two ships. - Summary by Jeffery Smith

6Blind Brother (Version 2 Dramatic Reading)

By Homer Greene

A story of repentance and forgiveness set in the times of the the coal mines. Follow a blind boy and his brother determined to get him cured but also determined to live up to a moral code even if that mean years of blindness for Benny. See self sacrifice and family togetherness in this classic tale. - Summary by Luke Castle<br /><br /> <b>Cast List</b><br> Narrator: <a href="https://librivox.org/reader/14009">Sky Asimaru</a><br>Doctor: <a href="https://librivox.org/reader/11927">lorda</a><br>Jack: <a href="https://librivox.org/reader/14426">Andrew James</a><br>Bennie, Judge: <a href="https://librivox.org/reader/10859">larryhayes7</a><br>Lawyer Pleadwell: <a href="https://librivox.org/reader/13830">Adam Bielka</a><br>Tom: <a href="https://librivox.org/reader/11806">Navin</a><br>Sandy: <a href="https://librivox.org/reader/14810">RockyOctopus</a><br>District Attorney, Lawyer Summons: <a href="https://librivox.org/reader/7170">Alan Mapstone</a><br>Random Testifying Guy, Sheriff: <a href="https://librivox.org/reader/10445">Michael L</a><br>Micheal Carolann, Irishman: <a href="https://librivox.org/reader/12980">Wayne Cooke</a><br>Court Clerk, Little Fellow: <a href="https://librivox.org/reader/14337">ambsweet13</a><br>Mother: <a href="https://librivox.org/reader/14476">Lily</a><br>Lewis G. Travers: <a href="https://librivox.org/reader/14650">peterbrashvoice</a><br>Patsy: <a href="https://librivox.org/reader/14626">Rebecca Brown</a><br>Neighbor: <a href="https://librivox.org/reader/10615">Twinkle</a><br>Foreman: <a href="https://librivox.org/reader/6065">David Olson</a><br>Edited by: <a href="https://librivox.org/reader/6065">David Olson</a>

7On Angel's Wings

By Louisa Lilias Plunket Greene

Louisa Lilias Plunket Greene was an Irish author of children's books. However, like any good book for children, this book is also for adults. Everybody knows Violet, the girl who always sits in the window and looks at any passerby, the girl who is just looking, and never playing outside. The children tell her she is a hunchback. The adults consider them cruel. This book is exactly about that conflict. How much to tell? How much to shelter a girl from a world she might never be able to join? Can Violet be happy with her lot, even in the face of trouble? This is a very touching book for those who want to learn about children, the adults who love them, and what it truly means to be different. - Summary by Stav Nisser

8Armenian Crisis in Turkey

By Frederick Davis Greene

Frederick Greene shows in this book that the case of the subject races in the Ottoman Empire is desperate, that there is no hope of reform from within, and that relief vimust therefore come through the interference of the powers of Europe. Their action depends largely on the support of the public. “Public opinion,” therefore, “must be brought to bear upon this case,” as Mr. Gladstone said in the House of Commons six years ago. Since then there has been added a new chapter of horrors, and the demand for decisive action in the name of our common humanity has become more urgent. The facts furnished by this book ought to arouse such public opinion as will justify and compel prompt and efficient action on the part of the Powers.<br> The United States need not depart from its long-established foreign policy, but is bound to protect its own honor and the lives and property of its citizens. (From the preface)

9Whispering Tongues

By Homer Greene

Parmenter and Lee are good friends who attend Concord College. But a hazing incident tears the friendship apart, and affects the lives of both the hazers and the hazee. And the whispering tongues of classmates of falsehoods, jealousy and rumor, serve only to make matters worse. Another heart-warming tale of disgrace and redemption from Homer Greene. (Summary by Donald Cummings)

10Lincoln Conscript

By Homer Greene

A heartwarming novel which visits the last two years of the American Civil War. The center of the story is the conflict of emotions and deeds between a father and son who hold opposing views of the conflict and the surprising role that President Lincoln plays in wishing to reconcile the two. A novel of both pathos and rejoicing. - Summary by KevinS

11Pickett's Gap

By Homer Greene

Rival railroads want to run a rail line through Pickett's Gap. A heartwarming tale of how 13-year-old Dannie Pickett tries to stop them from laying the line through the graveyard on his grandfather's farm, where lies his beloved mother. But which of the two railroads was the first to make the survey? Only Dannie can provide the truth, and he must brave a major snowstorm to set the record straight. (Summary by Donald Cummings)

An ecclectic collection of poems by Charles Harwood Greene. A little humor, a little dry wit, and sometimes an unexpected twist. Works include The Railway Solitare, The Lottery Mania, and The Baker's Wife. (Summary by Krista Zaleski)

The Man Within (1929) is the first published novel by author Graham Greene. It tells the story of Francis Andrews, a reluctant smuggler who betrays his colleagues, and the aftermath of his betrayal. - Summary modified from Wikipedia