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How do you write the subject line, first sentence, body copy and call-to-action in an email? Watch this Web clinic replay to learn how you can apply six email copywriting principles to your marketing campaigns.

Comprehension of the current condition of rural education is essential to national education policy and program considerations, yet rural schools go unnoticed at the federal level because of a paucity of national rural data. The changing nature of rural population, the national mandate for equal educational opportunity, and the need for a timely concept of rural development are all justifications for an expanded rural education data base. The data base should include information on student populations, the schools and school staff characteristics, and educational finance. This information should be gathered via: periodic studies of the status of rural education at the local, regional, and national level; analytic synthesis of work on many topics affecting rural students; and the routine inclusion of rural schools and students in all major congressionally mandated studies. Descriptions of 12 federal information sources--such as the Departments of HEW, Labor, and Agriculture, the Bureau of the Census, and the General Accounting Office--stress the particular strengths and weaknesses of those sources and emphasize that no one governmental source has all the information on rural education. The agency descriptions serve much as an annotated bibliography for the information seeker. Recommendations include providing for systematic collection of rural data, merging of agency data, and creating a National Center for Rural Education Studies. (SB)

Stinchfield Live top-of-the-hour news updates with host Grant Stinchfield, weekdays from 9 a.m. to 1 p.m. ET. Host Grant Stinchfield brings you live news updates and interviews at the top of each hour, weekdays from 9 a.m. to 1 p.m. ET. Joined by Dana Loesch, Dan Bongino and other leading political voices, Grant tackles the issues the mainstream media won't. Never Settle: Real-Life Scenarios, Sig Sauer Analysis NRATV Welcomes Sig Sauer Grant leads a discussion and analysis on self-defense situations.

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The NASA Langley Satellite ClOud and Radiation Property retrieval System (SatCORPS) team provides tools for retrieving cloud information from operational and research meteorological imager data. LEO and GEO satellite imagers are used for fusing hourly mosaics which create the Global Cloud Composite (GCC). The GCC provides global cloud products with a low latency which can help satisfy the growing needs of the research, modeling and business communities. The Esri ArcGIS system is used to transform the GCC data into Analysis Ready Data (ARD) which can be utilized for a variety of visualization and analysis activities in support of weather diagnoses/forecasting, Earth Sciences remote sensing applications, and disaster management. Additionally, the data is enabled as ArcGIS Image Services and Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) Web Mapping/Coverage Services to be consumed via API within a web mapping application. We will present a preview of the new interactive SatCORPS GCC web mapping application and its capabilities in allowing users to access and use GIS data within it.

We present a new stochastic service model with capacity sharing and interruptions, appropriate for the evaluation of the quality of real-time streaming (RTS), like e.g. mobile TV, in wireless cellular networks. The general model takes into account multi-class Markovian process of call arrivals, (to capture different radio channel conditions, requested streaming bit-rates and durations) and allows for a general resource allocation policy saying which users are temporarily denied the requested fixed streaming bit-rates (put in outage) due to resource constraints. We give expressions for several important performance characteristics of the model, including mean time spent in outage and mean number of outage incidents for a typical user of a given class. These expressions involve only stationary probabilities of the (free) traffic demand process, which is a vector of independent Poisson random variables describing the number of users of different classes. In order to analyze RTS in 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) cellular networks, we specify our general model assuming orthogonal user channels with the peak bit-rates close to the theoretical Shannon's bound in the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel, which leads to the resource constraints in a multi-rate linear form. In this setting we consider a natural class of least-effort-served-first resource allocation policies, for which the characteristics of the model can be further evaluated using Fourier analysis of Poisson variables. Within this class we identify and evaluate an optimal and a fair policy, the latter being suggested by LTE implementations. We also propose some intermediate policies, which allow to solve the optimality/fairness tradeoff caused by unequal user radio-channel conditions. Our results can be used for the evaluation of the quality of RTS in LTE networks and dimensioning of these networks.

Forthcoming instruments designed for high-cadence large-area surveys, such as the Dark Energy Survey and Large Synoptic Survey Telescope, will generate several GB of data products every few minutes during survey operations. Since such surveys are designed to operate with minimal observer interaction, automated real-time analysis of these large images is necessary to ensure uninterrupted production of science-quality data. We describe a software infrastructure suite designed to support such surveys, focusing particularly on ImageHealth, a tool for near-real-time processing of large images. These image manipulation and analysis algorithms were applied to simulated data from the Dark Energy Survey, as well as observed data collected by the Y4KCam on the CTIO 1m telescope and the Mosaic camera on the Blanco telescope. The accuracy and speed of the ImageHealth code in particular were benchmarked against results from SourceExtractor, a standard image analysis tool ubiquitous in the astronomical community. ImageHealth is shown to provide comparable accuracy to SourceExtractor, but with significantly shorter execution time. Based on the importance of real-time analysis in reaching the Dark Energy Survey's science goals, ImageHealth and other aspects of this analysis package were incorporated (in modified form) into the Survey Image System Process Integration, the Dark Energy Camera software control environment. The original ImageHealth code, however, is completely instrument-independent, and is freely available for use within other observational data-taking environments.

We apply the formalism of spherical harmonic decomposition to the galaxy density field of the IRAS PSCz redshift survey. The PSCz redshift survey has almost all-sky coverage and includes IRAS galaxies to a flux limit of 0.6 Jy. Using maximum likelihood methods to examine (to first order) the distortion of the galaxy pattern due to redshift coordinates, we have measured the parameter \beta= \Omega^{0.6}/b. We also simultaneously measure (a) the undistorted amplitude of perturbations in the galaxy distribution when a parameterised power spectrum is assumed, or (b) the shape and amplitude of the real-space power spectrum if the band-power in a set of passbands is measured in a step- wise fashion. These methods are extensively tested on a series of CDM, \Lambda CDM and MDM simulations and are found to be unbiased. We obtain consistent results for the subset of the PSCz catalogue with flux above 0.75 Jy but inclusion of galaxies to the formal flux limit of the catalogue gives variations which are larger than our internal errors. For the 0.75 Jy catalogue we find, in the case of a parameterised power spectrum, \beta=0.58\pm0.26 and the amplitude of the real space power measured at wavenumber k=0.1 h/Mpc is \Delta_{0.1}=0.42 \pm 0.03. Freeing the shape of the power spectrum we find that \beta=0.47\pm 0.16 (conditional error), and \Delta_{0.1}=0.47 \pm 0.03. The shape of the real-space power spectrum is consistent with a \Gamma= 0.2 CDM-like shape parameter, but does not strongly rule out a number of other models. Finally by combining our estimate of the amplitude of galaxy clustering and the distortion parameter we find the amplitude of mass fluctuations on a scale k=0.1 \hmpc is \Delta_\rho = 0.24 \Omega_0^{-0.6}$, with an uncertainty of 50%.

This paper considers complex transcendental eigenvalue problems where one is interested in pairs of eigenvalues that are restricted to take real values only. Such eigenvalue problems arise in dynamic stability analysis of nonconservative physical systems, i.e., flutter analysis of aeroelastic systems. Some available solution methods are discussed and a new method is presented. Two computational approaches are described for analytical evaluation of the sensitivities of these eigenvalues when they are dependent on other parameters. The algorithms presented are illustrated through examples.

Volume 3 of Real Analysis book by Arnab Chakaraborty. This book is part of a series of Bengali books on mathematics by the author.

Volume 3 of Real Analysis book by Arnab Chakaraborty. This book is part of a series of Bengali books on mathematics by the author.

Volume 3 of Real Analysis book by Arnab Chakaraborty. This book is part of a series of Bengali books on mathematics by the author.

Volume 3 of Real Analysis book by Arnab Chakaraborty. This book is part of a series of Bengali books on mathematics by the author.

Volume 3 of Real Analysis book by Arnab Chakaraborty. This book is part of a series of Bengali books on mathematics by the author.

We study a generalization of the one-dimensional disordered Potts model, which exhibits glassy properties at low temperature. The real space properties of inherent structures visited dynamically are analyzed through a decomposition into domains over which the energy is minimized. The size of these domains is distributed exponentially, defining a characteristic length scale which grows in equilibrium when lowering temperature, as well as in the aging regime at a given temperature. In the low temperature limit, this length can be interpreted as the distance between `excited' domains within the inherent structures.

We study a generalization of the one-dimensional disordered Potts model, which exhibits glassy properties at low temperature. The real space properties of inherent structures visited dynamically are analyzed through a decomposition into domains over which the energy is minimized. The size of these domains is distributed exponentially, defining a characteristic length scale which grows in equilibrium when lowering temperature, as well as in the aging regime at a given temperature. In the low temperature limit, this length can be interpreted as the distance between `excited' domains within the inherent structures.

Hamiltonian Mechanics works for conserved systems and Quantum Mechanics is given in Hamiltonian language. It is considered that complexifying the quantum Hamiltonian, a balanced loss and gain model can be created. The usual mathematics of density operator formalism and entanglement is extrapolated to such systems and the consequences are studied. Namely, a complete formalism using Density operators is created for real eigenvalue regime of these Non- Hermitian systems and correct forms of Von-Neumann and Entanglement Entropy are created. The consequences are studied in this regime and depicted w.r.t recent papers by [9, 20].

This is a kind of introduction to some basic topics in analysis, some of which would be covered in standard graduate courses, and some not. However, an important difference is that not much in the way of prerequisites are needed, beyond linear algebra and beginning analysis. In particular, this should be accessible to undergraduates or readers whose main focus is not necessarily pure mathematics. One could easily accommodate Lebesgue integrals and so forth if one wanted to, but they are not really needed.

Here, we address the problem of Independent Subspace Analysis (ISA). We develop a technique that (i) builds upon joint decorrelation for a set of functions, (ii) can be related to kernel based techniques, (iii) can be interpreted as a self-adjusting, self-grouping neural network solution, (iv) can be used both for real and for complex problems, and (v) can be a first step towards large scale problems. Our numerical examples extend to a few 100 dimensional ISA tasks.

Real atomic systems, like the hydrogen atom in a magnetic field or the helium atom, whose classical dynamics are chaotic, generally present both discrete and continuous symmetries. In this letter, we explain how these properties must be taken into account in order to obtain the proper (i.e. symmetry projected) $\hbar$ expansion of semiclassical expressions like the Gutzwiller trace formula. In the case of the hydrogen atom in a magnetic field, we shed light on the excellent agreement between present theory and exact quantum results.

The September 2012 issue of the Conflict Trends report by ACLED focuses on developments in Cote d'Ivoire, DR-Congo, Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa, and Zimbabwe. Realtime data for the month of August is presented, analyzed, and compared with longer-term trends to explore patterns in actors, modalities, and geographies of violence.

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For the past 20 years Sandia Center 5900 has managed conducted and performed radiometric field testing against a variety of sources and targets. Test planning data acquisition archival analysis reduction and data distribution have always been costly and time-consuming components of these collections. As a result of the Scaled Ordnance (SCALO) High Explosives field test a data acquisition system integrated with a data archival and retrieval database was conceived by Sandia and developed by Los Alamos Technical Associates (LATA) with the assistance of Computer Sciences Corporation (CSC). The SCIR is an integrated, interactive system that records the ground truth data from an experiment relating to the test planning and collection of optical signatures such as the SCALO explosive events.

For the past 20 years Sandia Center 5900 has managed conducted and performed radiometric field testing against a variety of sources and targets. Test planning data acquisition archival analysis reduction and data distribution have always been costly and time-consuming components of these collections. As a result of the Scaled Ordnance (SCALO) High Explosives field test a data acquisition system integrated with a data archival and retrieval database was conceived by Sandia and developed by Los Alamos Technical Associates (LATA) with the assistance of Computer Sciences Corporation (CSC). The SCIR is an integrated, interactive system that records the ground truth data from an experiment relating to the test planning and collection of optical signatures such as the SCALO explosive events.

Bibliography: p. [335]-336

Textbook for one semester undergraduate basic real analysis.

These notes began as notes for a course called �Computability and Mathematical Linguistics� taught at McGill University for about 25 years, beginning in 1974. It was quite successful, but after Professor Lambek and I retired, there was no one who was su_ciently interested in teaching the course as designed and it eventually disappeared. There was a proposal to add quite a bit of logic to the notes and publish it jointly with Phil Scottand me, but this project never much went beyond putting the original notes (augmented by the paper on the French verb) into TEX. Now, nearly �fteen years later, Professor Lambek and I decided to put this online in case there is any interest. There are two additional comments by me on pages 82 and 115.

The molecular detection of circulating tumor cells (CTC) in breast cancer patients has been limited by two factors: 1) low concentration of CTC in peripheral blood, and 2) normal lymphocytes express some cancer-associated genes at detectable levels. In this study, we investigated the ability of a novel bouyant density gradient centrifugation (BDGC) medium (Oncoquick, HEXAL Gentech) to enrich CTC prior to real- time RT-PCR analysis. METHODS: MDA361 breast cancer cells were spiked into normal PBL by micromanipulation, and processed using Ficoll or BDGC medium. Tumor cell enrichment was assessed with flow cytometry, standard cytology, and real-time RT-PCR. RESULTS: BDGC medium dramatically reduced the number of recovered mononuclear cells. in a pilot study, 64% of Stage IV breast cancer patients and 100% of those patients naive to chemotherapy had evidence of overexpression of at least one of five cancer-associated genes in peripheral blood. CONCLUSIONS: The use of bouyant density gradient centrifugation media: 1) results in superior reduction in background expression of cancer-associated gene from lymphocytes, 2) enhances tumor cell detection beyond established limits, and 3) has been successfully applied in Stage IV disease. Given the overall efficacy of Oncoquick, its use in Stage I-II disease is promising.

A combined experimental-computational approach has been pursued to study the evolution of microscopic damage to cause failure in heterogeneous composite and porous materials. The experiments include interrupted testing methods where the load is halted prior to fracture. Microstructures in the severely necked region are examined in 3D using a serial sectioning method. Characterization functions are generated and sensitivity analysis is conducted to explore the influence of morphological parameters on damage. A novel microstructural Voronoi cell finite element model (VCFEM) is developed to simulate the evolution of damage in microstructures. The model is capable of efficient and accurate prediction of microstructure evolution and particle cracking. An adaptive multi-level methodology is developed to create a hierarchy of computational sub-domains with varying resolution for multiple scale problems. It concurrently predicts evolution of variables at the structural scales by conventional FEM and at the microstructural scales by VCFEM.

A numerical and theoretical investigation of pressure distribution predictions over arbitrary bodies of revolution in transonic flow has been carried out. Special features of the study include a comprehensive survey of previous and contemporary efforts in this direction and a detailed description of a combined viscous/inviscid digital computer program which was developed to iterate between the inviscid transonic and the viscous portions of the analysis. For attached boundary layers the calculation procedure has been fully automated for both subcritical and supercritical cases, and predicted pressure distributions agree well with data. The entrainment effect of a real plume was modeled using the mixing theory first developed by Chapman and Korst. This method shows promise when its results are compared with data, but further work must be done to more correctly model the turbulent mixing of the two jets.

This paper describes the application of the Real-Time Maude tool and the Maude formal methodology to the specification and analysis of the AER/NCA suite of active network multicast protocol components. Because of the time-sensitive and resource-sensitive behavior, the presence of probabilistic algorithms, and the composability of its components, AER/NCA poses challenging new problems for its formal specification and analysis. Real-Time Maude is a natural extension of the Maude rewriting logic language and tool for the specification and analysis of real-time object-based distributed systems. It supports a wide spectrum of formal methods, including: executable specification; symbolic simulation; breadth-first search for failures of safety properties in infinite-state systems; and linear temporal logic model checking of time-bounded temporal logic formulas. These methods complement those offered by network simulators on the one hand, and timed-automaton-based tools and general-purpose theorem provers on the other. Our experience shows that Real-Time Maude is well-suited to meet the AER/NCA modeling challenges, and that its methods have proved effective in uncovering subtle and important errors in the informal use case specification.

The Federal government has mandated that its agencies incorporate environmental considerations into the planning of new projects, activities, and decisions. Environmental Impact Assessments and Statements (EIAs/EISs) provide a basis for review and analysis of any proposed action's environmental consequences. The Environmental Impact Computer System (EICS), developed by the U.S. Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, helps planners and decision-makers efficiently identify primary and secondary impacts of their proposed projects or activities and suggests ways to mitigate these impacts. This report discusses the philosophy behind the environmental impact assessment process; defines the EICS components; discusses the criteria and general approach for using the EICS; provides detailed instructions for assessing the Real Estate Functional Area; and provides detailed procedures necessary to use the EICS output in the environmental impact assessment process and in preparing a formal EIA/EIS. The EICS will save its users time and money by eliminating unnecessary library and field research. It is recommended that EICS be used in conjunction with DA Pamphlet 200-1 and other Army command guidance. (Author)

Several results related to real-time tracking are presented. These are: (1) classification of three-dimensional objects and calculation of their orientation using Fourier descriptors; (2) shape analysis of three-dimensional objects using local shape descriptors; (3) sequential image analysis using a parallel binary array processor; and (4) the use of edge information in segmentation and tracking. (Author)

DoD acquisition is an extremely complex system, comprised of myriad stakeholders, processes, people, activities, and organizational structures. Processes within this complex system are encumbered by the continuous development of large amounts of unstructured and unformatted acquisition program data, which is narrowly useful, but difficult to aggregate across the enterprise. Yet, acquisition analysts and decision-makers must analyze all types and spectrums of the available data to obtain a complete and understandable picture. This is a kind of systems non-congruence that has been difficult to overcome. For those embedded within the complexities of the acquisition community, this can be a daunting, if not impossible, task. We will apply a data-driven automation system, namely, Lexical Link Analysis (LLA) to facilitate acquisition researchers and decision-makers to recognize important connections (concepts) that form patterns derived from dynamic, ongoing data collection. The LLA technology and methodology is used to uncover and display relationships among competing programs and Navy-driven requirements. In the past year, we tested our method using samples of acquisition data for visualization and validity. LLA successfully discovered statistically significant correlations, and automatically extracted lexical links, thus improving acquisition professionals knowledge.

TRS-80 Manual: Real Estate Analysis Volume 2 (1979)(Tandy)

TRS-80 Manual: Real Estate Analysis Volume 3 (1979)(Tandy)

Modern, analytical tools are critical to understand the impact of open architecture technology and business models on naval warfighting processes and procedures. The Knowledge Value Added/Real Options (KVA+RO) Valuation Framework is a tool set designed to assist decision-makers in making technology acquisitions. This paper describes research using the KVA+RO framework for estimating return on investment, in an open architecture approach, to upgrading and/or replacing the aging IWS AEGIS and SSDS systems. The results of the research demonstrated that the leave and layer approach for incrementally replacing AEGIS system modules was the most valuable strategic option, providing the highest return on investment with the lowest risk. This study measured the operational value of various system replacement options from an end-user perspective, identified areas of deficiencies in capabilities, and flagged areas for potential system improvements and acquisitions. The potential costs and cost savings for each option were also calculated.

Image distortion correction is a critical pre-processing step for a variety of computer vision and image processing algorithms. Standard real-time software implementations are generally not suited for direct hardware porting, so appropriated versions need to be designed in order to obtain implementations deployable on FPGAs. In this paper, hardware-compatible techniques for image distortion correction are introduced and analyzed in details. The considered solutions are compared in terms of output quality by using a geometrical-error-based approach, with particular emphasis on robustness with respect to increasing lens distortion. The required amount of hardware resources is also estimated for each considered approach.

This article is from Journal of Insect Science , volume 12 . Abstract Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) is an efficient and widely used technique to monitor gene expression. Housekeeping genes (HKGs) are often empirically selected as the reference genes for data normalization. However, the suitability of HKGs used as the reference genes has been seldom validated. Here, six HKGs were chosen (actin A3, actin A1, GAPDH, G3PDH, E2F, rp49) in four lepidopteran insects Bombyx mori L. (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae), Plutella xylostella L. (Plutellidae), Chilo suppressalis Walker (Crambidae), and Spodoptera exigua Hübner (Noctuidae) to study their expression stability. The algorithms of geNorm, NormFinder, stability index, and ΔCt analysis were used to evaluate these HKGs. Across different developmental stages, actin A1 was the most stable in P. xylostella and C. suppressalis, but it was the least stable in B. mori and S. exigua. Rp49 and GAPDH were the most stable in B. mori and S. exigua, respectively. In different tissues, GAPDH, E2F, and Rp49 were the most stable in B. mori, S. exigua, and C. suppressalis, respectively. The relative abundances of Siwi genes estimated by 2-ΔΔCt method were tested with different HKGs as the reference gene, proving the importance of internal controls in qPCR data analysis. The results not only presented a list of suitable reference genes in four lepidopteran insects, but also proved that the expression stabilities of HKGs were different among evolutionarily close species. There was no single universal reference gene that could be used in all situations. It is indispensable to validate the expression of HKGs before using them as the internal control in qPCR.

This article is from BMC Cancer , volume 14 . Abstract Background: Current treatment of diffuse-large-B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) includes rituximab, an expensive drug, combined with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) chemotherapy. Economic models have predicted rituximab plus CHOP (RCHOP) to be a cost-effective alternative to CHOP alone as first-line treatment of DLBCL, but it remains unclear what its real-world costs and cost-effectiveness are in routine clinical practice. Methods: We performed a population-based retrospective cohort study from 1997 to 2007, using linked administrative databases in Ontario, Canada, to evaluate the costs and cost-effectiveness of RCHOP compared to CHOP alone. A historical control cohort (n = 1,099) with DLBCL who received CHOP before rituximab approval was hard-matched on age and treatment intensity and then propensity-score matched on sex, comorbidity, and histology to 1,099 RCHOP patients. All costs and outcomes were adjusted for censoring using the inverse probability weighting method. The main outcome measure was incremental cost per life-year gained (LYG). Results: Rituximab was associated with a life expectancy increase of 3.2 months over 5 years at an additional cost of $16,298, corresponding to an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $61,984 (95% CI $34,087‒$135,890) per LYG. The probability of being cost-effective was 90% if the willingness-to-pay threshold was $100,000/LYG. The cost-effectiveness ratio was most favourable for patients less than 60 years old ($31,800/LYG) but increased to $80,600/LYG for patients 60–79 years old and $110,100/LYG for patients ≥80 years old. We found that post-market survival benefits of rituximab are similar to or lower than those reported in clinical trials, while the costs, incremental costs and cost-effectiveness ratios are higher than in published economic models and differ by age. Conclusions: Our results showed that the addition of rituximab to standard CHOP chemotherapy was associated with improvement in survival but at a higher cost, and was potentially cost-effective by standard thresholds for patients

8 unnumbered leaves, 39 pages ; (4to)

We develop a novel real-space renormalization group (RG) scheme which accurately estimates correlation length exponent $\nu$ near criticality of higher-dimensional quantum Ising and Potts models in a transverse field. Our method is remarkably simple (often analytical), grouping only a few spins into a block spin so that renormalized Hamiltonian has a closed form. A previous difficulty of spatial anisotropy and unwanted terms is avoided by incorporating rotational invariance and internal $\mathbb{Z}_q$ symmetries of the Hamiltonian. By applying this scheme to the (2+1)-dim Ising model on a triangular lattice and solving an analytical RG equation, we obtain $\nu\approx 0.6300$. This value is within statistical errors of the current best Monte-Carlo result, 25th-order high-temperature series expansions, $\phi^4$-theory estimation which considers up to seven-loop corrections and experiments performed in low-Earth orbits. We also apply the scheme to higher-dimensional Potts models for which ordinary Monte-Carlo methods are not effective due to strong hysteresis and suppression of quantum fluctuation in a weak first-order phase transition.

It is shown how the generating functional method of De Dominicis can be used to solve the dynamics of the original version of the minority game (MG), in which agents observe real as opposed to fake market histories. Here one again finds exact closed equations for correlation and response functions, but now these are defined in terms of two connected effective non-Markovian stochastic processes: a single effective agent equation similar to that of the `fake' history models, and a second effective equation for the overall market bid itself (the latter is absent in `fake' history models). The result is an exact theory, from which one can calculate from first principles both the persistent observables in the MG and the distribution of history frequencies.

Parameter-free and perturbatively stable leading order (LO) and next-to-leading order (NLO) parton densities for real and virtual photons are presented.

Using a real-time renormalization group method we determine the complete dynamics of the spin-boson model with ohmic dissipation for coupling strengths $\alpha\lesssim 0.1-0.2$. We calculate the relaxation and dephasing time, the static susceptibility and correlation functions. Our results are consistent with quantum Monte Carlo simulations and the Shiba relation. We present for the first time reliable results for finite cutoff and finite bias in a regime where perturbation theory in $\alpha$ or in tunneling breaks down. Furthermore, an unambigious comparism to results from the Kondo model is achieved.

Using a real-time renormalization group method we determine the complete dynamics of the spin-boson model with ohmic dissipation for coupling strengths $\alpha\lesssim 0.1-0.2$. We calculate the relaxation and dephasing time, the static susceptibility and correlation functions. Our results are consistent with quantum Monte Carlo simulations and the Shiba relation. We present for the first time reliable results for finite cutoff and finite bias in a regime where perturbation theory in $\alpha$ or in tunneling breaks down. Furthermore, an unambigious comparism to results from the Kondo model is achieved.

A hybrid requirements analysis methodology was developed, based on the practices actually used in developing a Space Generic Open Avionics Architecture. During the development of this avionics architecture, a method of analysis able to effectively define the requirements for this space avionics architecture was developed. In this methodology, external interfaces and relationships are defined, a static analysis resulting in a static avionics model was developed, operating concepts for simulating the requirements were put together, and a dynamic analysis of the execution needs for the dynamic model operation was planned. The systems engineering approach was used to perform a top down modified structured analysis of a generic space avionics system and to convert actual program results into generic requirements. CASE tools were used to model the analyzed system and automatically generate specifications describing the model's requirements. Lessons learned in the use of CASE tools, the architecture, and the design of the Space Generic Avionics model were established, and a methodology notebook was prepared for NASA. The weaknesses of standard real-time methodologies for practicing systems engineering, such as Structured Analysis and Object Oriented Analysis, were identified.

A real-time thermal field theoretical calculation of shear viscosity has been described in the Kubo formalism for bosonic and fermionic medium. The two point function of viscous stress tensor in the lowest order provides one-loop skeleton diagram of boson or fermion field for bosonic or fermionic matter. According to the traditional diagrammatic technique of transport coefficients, the finite thermal width of boson or fermion is introduced in their internal lines during the evaluation of boson-boson or fermion-fermion loop diagram. These thermal widths of $\phi$ boson and $\psi$ fermion are respectively obtained from the imaginary part of self-energy for $\phi\Phi$ and $\psi\Phi$ loops, where interactions of higher mass $\Phi$ boson with $\phi$ and $\psi$ are governed by the simple $\phi\phi\Phi$ and ${\ov\psi}\psi\Phi$ interaction Lagrangian densities. A two-loop diagram, having same power of coupling constant as in the one-loop diagram, is deduced and its contribution appears much lower than the one-loop values of shear viscosity. Therefore the one-loop results of Kubo-type shear viscosity may be considered as leading order results for this simple $\phi\phi\Phi$ and ${\ov\psi}\psi\Phi$ interactions. This approximation is valid for any values of coupling constant and at the temperatures greater than the mass of constituent particles of the medium.

LTE is increasingly seen as a system for serving real-time Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication needs. The asynchronous M2M user access in LTE is obtained through a two-phase access reservation protocol (contention and data phase). Existing analysis related to these protocols is based on the following assumptions: (1) there are sufficient resources in the data phase for all detected contention tokens, and (2) the base station is able to detect collisions, i.e., tokens activated by multiple users. These assumptions are not always applicable to LTE - specifically, (1) due to the variable amount of available data resources caused by variable load, and (2) detection of collisions in contention phase may not be possible. All of this affects transmission of real-time M2M traffic, where data packets have to be sent within a deadline and may have only one contention opportunity. We analyze the features of the two-phase LTE reservation protocol and derive its throughput, i.e., the number of successful transmissions in the data phase, when assumptions (1) and (2) do not hold.

LTE is increasingly seen as a system for serving real-time Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication needs. The asynchronous M2M user access in LTE is obtained through a two-phase access reservation protocol (contention and data phase). Existing analysis related to these protocols is based on the following assumptions: (1) there are sufficient resources in the data phase for all detected contention tokens, and (2) the base station is able to detect collisions, i.e., tokens activated by multiple users. These assumptions are not always applicable to LTE - specifically, (1) due to the variable amount of available data resources caused by variable load, and (2) detection of collisions in contention phase may not be possible. All of this affects transmission of real-time M2M traffic, where data packets have to be sent within a deadline and may have only one contention opportunity. We analyze the features of the two-phase LTE reservation protocol and derive its throughput, i.e., the number of successful transmissions in the data phase, when assumptions (1) and (2) do not hold.