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We develop a reduction procedure which provides an equivalence from an arbitrary block of the BGG category for the queer Lie superalgebra $\mathfrak{q}(n)$ to a "$\mathbb{Z}\pm s$-weights" ($s\in \mathbb{C}$) block of a BGG category for finite direct sum of queer Lie superalgebras. We give descriptions of blocks. We also establish equivalences between certain maximal parabolic subcategories for $\mathfrak{q}(n)$ and blocks of atypicality-one of the category of finite-dimensional modules for $\mathfrak{gl}(\ell|n-\ell)$.

We establish a maximal parabolic version of the Kazhdan-Lusztig conjecture \cite[Conjecture 5.10]{CKW} for the BGG category $\mathcal{O}_{k,\zeta}$ of $\mathfrak{q}(n)$-modules of "$\pm \zeta$-weights", where $k\leq n$ and $\zeta\in\mathbb{C} \setminus \frac{1}{2} \mathbb{Z}$. As a consequence, the irreducible characters of these $\mathfrak{q}(n)$-modules in this maximal parabolic category are given by the Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomials of type $A$ Lie algebras. As an application, closed character formulas for a class of $\mathfrak{q}(n)$-modules resembling polynomial and Kostant modules of the general linear Lie superalgebras are obtained.

The modular representation theory of the queer Lie superalgebra q(n) over characteristic p>2 is developed. We obtain a criterion for the irreducibility of baby Verma modules with semisimple p-characters and a criterion for the semisimplicity of the corresponding reduced enveloping algebras. A (2p)-power divisibility of dimensions of q(n)-modules with nilpotent p-characters is established. The representation theory of q(2) is treated in detail. We formulate a Morita super-equivalence conjecture for q(n) with general p-characters which is verified for n=2.