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The Mississippi River watershed is currently managed as six separate basins including the Missouri, Illinois, Ohio, Arkansas, and Upper and Lower Mississippi Rivers. This research pulls together several system components navigation, flood control, environmental, municipal and industrial uses, and geopolitical concerns and proposes treating the entire watershed as a system. The current problem is that actions taken in one basin often have consequences in another. This results in inefficient oversight, environmental harm, and adds to the cost of watershed management. These problems stem from the lack of a national water strategy. This thesis proposes a national water strategy and the formation of a regional planning body (RPB), with the National Ocean Policy Implementation Plan as a guide, to coordinate watershed planning. The watershed RPB would also coordinate inter-basin activities with the Great Lakes and Gulf of Mexico RPB's. Implementing the recommendations presented in this thesis is made difficult by the complexity of the watershed s ecosystem, the interconnectedness of the system components, the current legal framework for water rights, the myriad congressional oversight committees, numerous non-government organizations, and the many state, tribal, and local jurisdictions with a stake in the outcome.

This article is from BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth , volume 13 . Abstract Background: Early-onset Group B haemolytic streptococcus infection (EOGBS) is an important cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality in the first week of life. Primary prevention of EOGBS is possible with intra-partum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP.) Different prevention strategies are used internationally based on identifying pregnant women at risk, either by screening for GBS colonisation and/or by identifying risk factors for EOGBS in pregnancy or labour. A theoretical cost-effectiveness study has shown that a strategy with IAP based on five risk factors (risk-based strategy) or based on a positive screening test in combination with one or more risk factors (combination strategy) was the most cost-effective approach in the Netherlands. IAP for all pregnant women with a positive culture in pregnancy (screening strategy) and treatment in line with the current Dutch guideline (IAP after establishing a positive culture in case of pre-labour rupture of membranes or preterm birth and immediate IAP in case of intra-partum fever, previous sibling with EOGBS or GBS bacteriuria), were not cost-effective. Cost-effectiveness was based on the assumption of 100% adherence to each strategy. However, adherence in daily practice will be lower and therefore have an effect on cost-effectiveness. Method/Design: The aims are to: a.) implement the current Dutch guideline, the risk-based strategy and the combination strategy in three pilot regions and b.) study the effects of these strategies in daily practice. Regions where all the care providers in maternity care implement the allocated strategy will be randomised. Before the introduction of the strategy, there will be a pre-test (use of the current guideline) involving 105 pregnant women per region. This will be followed by a post-test (use of the allocated strategy) involving 315 women per region. The outcome measures are: 1.) adherence to the specific prevention strategy and the determinants of adherence among care providers and pregnant women, 2.) outcomes in pregnant women and their babies and 3.) the costs of each strategy in relation to the effects. Discussion: This study will provide recommendations for the implementation of the most cost-effective prevention strategy for EOGBS in the Netherlands on the basis of feasibility in daily practice. Trial registration: Dutch Trial Register, NTR3965

Osteoarthritis is the most prevalent type of arthritis. It is characterized by progressive cartilage loss, synovialin flammation, with resultant joint pain that worsens over time.While meniscectomy appears to be a significant risk factor for OA, researchers know little about the molecular pathways involved in the induction and development of osteoarthritis. In the present study, we proposed to investigate the role of the chemokines Ccl21 and Cxcl13 in inflammation caused by medial meniscectomy-knee destabilization (MMD) that leads to osteoarthritis. Therefore, we first evaluated the expression profile of these two chemokines in response to MMD in a rat knee injury model. mRNA levels for both chemokines were increased at 3 days and one week post-surgery. However, only Ccl21 mRNA levels were significantly elevated in MMD knees compared to sham operated knees at 4 weeks post-surgery. This suggests that Cxcl13 is only involved in the first stages of osteoarthritis development, while Ccl21 is involved in both the early inflammation and the later stages of osteoarthritis development. Histological analysis revealed proteoglycan loss in the superficial zone of the articular cartilage that was obvious at 4 weeks post-surgery and in the calcified zone by 6 weeks post-surgery. These data confirm the involvement of CCL21 in cartilage catabolism. We are currently analyzing histological sections that were immune-stained to detect T and B cell markers, in order determine if there is a correlation between the expression of Cxcl13 and Ccl21, and the infiltration of inflammatory cells that occurs following knee surgery.

This report provides an overview of initiatives of the Carnegie Corporation, including its Task Force on Meeting the Needs of Young Children. This task force was established to promote healthy development and education in children ages 3 to 10, including an emphasis on primary education strategies for improvement in disadvantaged communities. The sections of the report and the topics addressed are: (1) "The Changing American Family," discussing strains placed on family life, along with increasing responsibility being placed on people outside the home for child rearing--health care providers, teachers, community, and child care workers; (2) "The Conditions for Fostering Healthy Development," describing basic childhood needs and their relationship to positive outcomes for children; (3) "Preventing Damage in the Earliest Years," highlighting suggested interventions in prenatal care and child care; and (4) "Early Adolescence: A Time of Opportunity and Risk," focusing on family education concerning adolescent development, creating developmentally appropriate schools, ensuring access to health services, and exploiting the constructive potential of media. The conclusion asserts that families, schools, the health sector, community organizations, and the media must join forces in the mission of making the world better for children. (BGC)

This report provides an overview of initiatives of the Carnegie Corporation, including its Task Force on Meeting the Needs of Young Children. This task force was established to promote healthy development and education in children ages 3 to 10, including an emphasis on primary education strategies for improvement in disadvantaged communities. The sections of the report and the topics addressed are: (1) "The Changing American Family," discussing strains placed on family life, along with increasing responsibility being placed on people outside the home for child rearing--health care providers, teachers, community, and child care workers; (2) "The Conditions for Fostering Healthy Development," describing basic childhood needs and their relationship to positive outcomes for children; (3) "Preventing Damage in the Earliest Years," highlighting suggested interventions in prenatal care and child care; and (4) "Early Adolescence: A Time of Opportunity and Risk," focusing on family education concerning adolescent development, creating developmentally appropriate schools, ensuring access to health services, and exploiting the constructive potential of media. The conclusion asserts that families, schools, the health sector, community organizations, and the media must join forces in the mission of making the world better for children. (BGC)

This report provides an overview of initiatives of the Carnegie Corporation, including its Task Force on Meeting the Needs of Young Children. This task force was established to promote healthy development and education in children ages 3 to 10, including an emphasis on primary education strategies for improvement in disadvantaged communities. The sections of the report and the topics addressed are: (1) "The Changing American Family," discussing strains placed on family life, along with increasing responsibility being placed on people outside the home for child rearing--health care providers, teachers, community, and child care workers; (2) "The Conditions for Fostering Healthy Development," describing basic childhood needs and their relationship to positive outcomes for children; (3) "Preventing Damage in the Earliest Years," highlighting suggested interventions in prenatal care and child care; and (4) "Early Adolescence: A Time of Opportunity and Risk," focusing on family education concerning adolescent development, creating developmentally appropriate schools, ensuring access to health services, and exploiting the constructive potential of media. The conclusion asserts that families, schools, the health sector, community organizations, and the media must join forces in the mission of making the world better for children. (BGC)

Discover how breastfeeding as a risk reduction strategy to prevent sudden infant death syndrome can benefit you and your baby. Questions? Contact the Maternal and Child Health Division at (956) 551-7560.

Discover how breastfeeding as a risk reduction strategy to prevent sudden infant death syndrome can benefit you and your baby. Questions? Contact the Maternal and Child Health Division at (956) 551-7560.

The Stealth Suppression and Precision Clearance (SSPC) research project represents an innovative therapeutic approach aimed at preventing cancer recurrence post-surgery and treating inoperable tumors across a range of malignancies, including glioblastoma (GBM), triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), pancreatic, and colorectal cancers. The primary purpose of this project is to develop a dual-phase, polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based hydrogel delivery system that enhances treatment efficacy by targeting minimal residual disease (MRD) and overcoming the limitations of existing therapies. This system employs a sequential strategy: the first phase induces a pseudo-dormant state in tumor cells to suppress proliferation and adaptive survival mechanisms, while the second phase delivers cytotoxic and immunomodulatory agents to eradicate compromised cells and activate innate immunity, thereby preventing recurrence and treating unresectable tumors, with the suppression phase reducing tumor viability in both surgical cavities and inoperable masses, enhancing clearance efficacy across contexts. Additionally, the hydrogel’s ability to be administered via image-guided injection (e.g., MRI or ultrasound) enables precise delivery to inoperable tumors, offering a non-surgical treatment option where traditional resection is infeasible, such as in deep pancreatic or advanced GBM cases, by directly targeting the tumor mass and its microenvironment. The project’s core innovation lies in its dual-layer hydrogel design. The outer layer, crosslinked at 10% w/v, releases suppressive agents—such as everolimus or rapamycin (mTOR inhibitors) paired with PX-478 or hydroxychloroquine (HIF-1α or autophagy inhibitors)—over a 14–21-day period to inhibit tumor growth and sensitize cells. The inner pH-responsive layer, activated at a tumor microenvironment pH below 6.5, subsequently releases cytotoxic drugs like cisplatin or temozolomide and the STING agonist ADU-S100 over 7–14 days to induce apoptosis and enhance immune clearance. This timed sequence is engineered to mitigate resistance mechanisms, such as NF-κB or MAPK activation, which are common with simultaneous drug delivery. The research targets specific drug regimens tailored to tumor types: everolimus and cisplatin are prioritized for non-GBM cancers (e.g., TNBC, NSCLC) due to their superior pharmacokinetic profiles and efficacy in hypoxic microenvironments, while rapamycin and temozolomide are selected for GBM to address its unique challenges, including immunosuppression. A simplified two-drug protocol (e.g., everolimus + PX-478 for non-GBM, rapamycin + hydroxychloroquine for GBM) is also proposed to facilitate initial validation, with potential alternatives like DMXAA or bevacizumab considered for enhanced immunomodulation or angiogenesis inhibition. Expected outcomes include a significant reduction in MRD, with tumor dormancy rates exceeding 80% (Ki-67 <10%) following Phase 1 and apoptosis rates surpassing 50% (Annexin V positivity) after Phase 2, as inferred from preclinical models. The project anticipates extending overall survival (OS) by more than 4 months compared to Gliadel Wafers for GBM, and achieving comparable or superior results to the Stupp protocol or cisplatin-based therapies for non-GBM cancers, while minimizing systemic toxicity through localized delivery. For inoperable tumors, the hydrogel’s targeted delivery is expected to reduce tumor burden by at least 60% and stabilize disease progression in 70% of cases, complementing its role in preventing recurrence by addressing unresectable disease early. Optimal efficacy is projected for TNBC and NSCLC due to their accessibility and responsiveness to the selected pharmacotherapeutics, with GBM presenting a viable yet challenging target due to its immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). This research aims to provide a comprehensive, multi-pathway solution that outperforms current modalities like Gliadel (single-agent, GBM-specific), the Stupp protocol (systemic toxicity), and TTFields (MRD neglect) by addressing proliferation, adaptation, cytotoxicity, and immunity across diverse oncologic contexts. Successful development could lead to a transformative platform for cancer management, including treatment of inoperable tumors and prevention of recurrence, pending rigorous preclinical validation to confirm safety, efficacy, and scalability.

Warfare in the 21st century has matured to the point where military technology and force are no longer the keys to victory. Today’s warfare has become a war of ideas. Success in war now means winning the hearts and minds of citizens to prevent them from becoming radicalized. The research question posed is how can the United States effectively fight the war of ideas, and can it develop its own counter-strategic strategy? Utilizing the case study method aspects of the United Kingdom’s counter radicalization PREVENT strategy were examined. Based on this research, a U.S. policy model is proposed where the United States develops its own counter-radicalization strategy. The findings of this research show that a U.S. counter-radicalization strategy should be implemented. However, it would be carried out at the local level(i.e., mayor’s offices and/or governor’s offices). It will require the coordinated effort of several federal agencies to establish programs to address radicalization factors. The findings propose that this coordination be carried out by an appointed Counter radicalization Czar through the Department of Homeland Security. The Czar would have intra-departmental authority to coordinate federal agencies to promote and provide programs that address counter radicalization factors that make individuals susceptible to the terrorist message.

Council on Foreign Relations

The Mississippi River watershed is currently managed as six separate basins including the Missouri, Illinois, Ohio, Arkansas, and Upper and Lower Mississippi Rivers. This research pulls together several system components'navigation, flood control, environmental, municipal and industrial uses, and geopolitical concerns'and proposes treating the entire watershed as a system. The current problem is that actions taken in one basin often have consequences in another. This results in inefficient oversight, environmental harm, and adds to the cost of watershed management. These problems stem from the lack of a national water strategy. This thesis proposes a national water strategy and the formation of a regional planning body (RPB), with the National Ocean Policy Implementation Plan as a guide, to coordinate watershed planning. The watershed RPB would also coordinate inter-basin activities with the Great Lakes and Gulf of Mexico RPB's. Implementing the recommendations presented in this thesis is made difficult by the complexity of the watershed's ecosystem, the interconnectedness of the system components, the current legal framework for water rights, the myriad congressional oversight committees, numerous non-government organizations, and the many state, tribal, and local jurisdictions with a stake in the outcome.

Active shooter attacks occur quickly. Schools have to take immediate action to protect students and staff. Public address systems do not adequately warn everyone at the first sign of danger. This thesis asks to what extent the school fire alarm system can be a model for a lockdown notification system for emergencies involving violence. The research reviews the history, mechanics, and regulations of fire alarm systems, and uses that information to design a conceptual lockdown notification system. A tool to evaluate school warning system technologies was also developed. Six case studies reviewed schools or districts that use a lockdown warning system modeled after the fire alarm system. The thesis concluded the school evaluation tool is useful for identifying strengths and weaknesses of school warning systems. The tool showed that reliability is a strength of the conceptual lockdown notification system because it is aligned with National Fire Protection Association codes. The lockdown notification system has the potential to solve the problem of early warning. The research recommends school decision-makers use this new tool to evaluate and select communication and warning system technologies. It recommends a pilot project to test the implementation of the conceptual lockdown notification system in schools.

Includes bibliographical references

Councilwoman Aditi Bussells and City Manager Teresa Wilson were on the panel for the Chamber's Issues Forum to share the city's strategy to prevent homelessness. Over 100 business leaders attended the Homelessness Forum at Richland

Since the London bombings of July 7, 2005, the threat of terrorist violence in the United Kingdom has not abated. In the face of increased public fears about homegrown terrorism, the UK government has responded with a counter-extremism strategy known as Prevent. From its inception in 2003, the scope of the Prevent strategy has repeatedly been expanded, and its obligations enhanced. In 2015, the strategy imposed a legal duty on schools, colleges, universities, and health bodies to pay "due regard to the need to prevent people from being drawn into terrorism"--effectively requiring teachers, doctors, nurses, and other caregivers to report to the authorities any students and patients seen to be at risk of "extremism". "Eroding Trust" assesses the human rights impact of the United Kingdom's current Prevent strategy in the health and education sectors. Through legal analysis and case studies, the report concludes that Prevent is flawed in both its design and application. Drawing on extensive interviews in towns and cities across Britain, it argues that Prevent is potentially undermining the battle against terrorism--by fueling distrust and feelings of alienation in Britain's Muslim communities.

Papua New Guinea National Strategy to Prevent and Respond to Gender Based Violence 2016-2025

Norovirus (NV) gastroenteritis is an important disease of all ages and populations, including the military. The disease is difficult to control due to its widespread nature and lack of a treatment. NVs recently have been found to recognize human histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) as receptors. The human HBGA system is highly polymorphic; NVs also are genetically diverse. This presentation summarizes our studies on the unique interaction of NVs with human host and the discovery of diversified receptor binding patterns of NVs. We also developed a saliva-based enzyme immune assay (EIA) to screen for inhibitors against NVs binding to receptors using a compound library. We discovered over a dozen compounds that potentially could be developed into antivirals against NVs. Human NVs still cannot be cultivated and infect animals. Our studies have significantly advanced the field of NV research. Further characterization of the NV/host interaction and application of new knowledge gained from these studies would result in development of new strategy to control and prevent NV gastroenteritis.

'Strategy to prevent starvation deaths (22-Nov-2001)' from the RS Debates Digital Library

The nursing team of an Intensive Care Unit is subjected to several injuries related to their physical and mental health. The large number of stressors present in this environment predispose to conditions in which they can affect the quality of care provided by these professionals, their interpersonal relationships and their quality of life. Therefore, it is intended to report an educational action on self-care as a strategy for the prevention of Burnout Syndrome in nursing professionals in an adult ICU. An activity was carried out, product of the problematization theory, to socialize knowledge about Burnout Syndrome, which is still little known by professionals, encouraging them to carry out self-care practices. During the time of socialization, the professionals were free to express their feelings about their work environment. Among the reports, can be highlighted the difficulty in self-perception, intra and interprofessional relationships, failures in effective communication and problems of managerial and bureaucratic nature. Such feelings externalize issues that directly and indirectly corroborate physical and mental exhaustion, high levels of tension and risks to the health of the professional and the quality of care. Through this work, it is noted that the Burnout Syndrome is a topic of great relevance for these professionals, whose work scenario requires resilient psychosocial conditions in the face of adversities, and who propose to these actors of care a special attention focused on their assistance and self-care.

__________________________________ Event Date: 22 February 2011 The River Room King’s College London, Strand Campus London WC2R 2LS Problematising Danger ESRC Seminar Series- Contemporary Biopolitical Security   Co-sponsored by the Biopolitics of Security Network, and the…

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'The reality is that both forms are severe security threats to this country but in terms of sheer numbers it is radical Islam that is the biggest factor' Dr Alan Mendoza discusses leaks from a review of the Prevent strategy suggesting it is too focused on rightwing extremism. Watch on TV: Freeview 236, Sky 515, Virgin 626 Listen on DAB+ Radio Download the GB News App to watch live wherever you are, catch up with all our shows and get the latest news from the GBN family. https://www.gbnews.uk/freegbapp Don't forget to follow us on social media too! Twitter: https://twitter.com/GBNEWS Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/GBNewsOnline Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/gbnewsonline/ LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/gb-news/ TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@gbnews Click here for the latest Covid-19 guidance from the World Health Organisation ► https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public Click here for the latest NHS information on COVID-19 vaccines https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/coronavirus-covid-19/coronavirus-vaccination/coronavirus-vaccine/

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Vermont has been a leader in restorative justice since the 1990s and is one of a few states that have embraced the Circles of Support & Accountability (CoSA) model for reintegrating high-risk offenders released from prison. The model represents a shift in correctional logic toward a more sociological understanding of criminal desistance. Professor Kathryn J. Fox has been studying the CoSA model in Vermont and will report on her recent analysis.

This article is from BMC Public Health , volume 11 . Abstract Background: Workers in wet work occupations have a risk for developing hand eczema. Prevention strategies exist, but compliance to the proposed recommendations is poor. Therefore, a multifaceted implementation strategy (MIS) is developed to implement these recommendations to reduce hand eczema among health care workers performing wet work. Methods/Design: This study is a randomised controlled trial in three university hospitals in the Netherlands. Randomisation to the control or intervention group is performed at department level. The control group receives a leaflet containing the recommendations only. The intervention group receives the MIS which consists of five parts: 1) within a department, a participatory working group is formed to identify problems with the implementation of the recommendations, to find solutions for it and implement these solutions; 2) role models will help their colleagues in performing the desired behaviour; 3) education to all workers will enhance knowledge about (the prevention of) hand eczema; 4) reminders will be placed at the department reminding workers to use the recommendations; 5) workers receive the same leaflet as the control group containing the recommendations. Data are collected by questionnaires at baseline and after 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. The primary outcome measure is self-reported hand eczema. The most important secondary outcome measures are symptoms of hand eczema; actual use of the recommendations; sick leave; work productivity; and health care costs.Analyses will be performed according to the intention to treat principle. Cost-effectiveness of the MIS will be evaluated from both the societal and the employer's perspective. Discussion: The prevention of hand eczema is important for the hospital environment. If the MIS has proven to be effective, a major improvement in the health of health care workers can be obtained. Results are expected in 2014. Trial registration number: NTR2812

The events of September 11, 2001 triggered a response by the British Government to develop a coherent and actionable counter-terrorism strategy. The United Kingdom's response was a counter-terrorism strategy called CONTEST. Prevent is one of four sub-strategies of CONTEST and is designed to prevent people from becoming terrorists or supporting terrorism. Now in its four tranche since its inception in 2003, Prevent continues to be the subject of criticism and controversy. Using a theoretical lens of systems theory, this monograph proposes that the strategy to challenge Islamic terrorism is overly reductionist and lacking a comprehensive systemic approach. This monograph concludes that, despite certain attempts to be inclusive, the Prevent strategy is continuing to divide the Muslim communities' support in the fight against Islamic terrorism. Prevent's whole of government approach is important but it falls short of being truly systemic in its approach. The strategy suffers from a lack of resources, a confusing narrative that fails to address the cross pollination of Islamic extremism to Islamic terrorism, and an inability to promote progressive Muslim thought. Moreover, Prevent suffers from wider reactive government policies that attempt to implement new legislation without due consideration of the wider strategic impacts. These reactive tendencies continue to fracture society and fail to look at the longer term, systemic approaches needed to mitigate the threat. Evidence suggests that with the appropriate resources, a clear strategy on extremism, and more concrete application of a systems based approach, Prevent could deliver a greater level of societal cohesion to set the conditions for success in the fight against Islamic terrorism.

Warfare in the 21st century has matured to the point where military technology and force are no longer the keys to victory. Today s warfare has become a war of ideas. Success in war now means winning the hearts and minds of citizens to prevent them from becoming radicalized. The research question posed is how can the United States effectively fight the war of ideas, and can it develop its own counter-strategic strategy? Utilizing the case study method aspects of the United Kingdom s counter radicalization PREVENT strategy were examined. Based on this research, a U.S. policy model is proposed where the United States develops its own counter-radicalization strategy. The findings of this research show that a U.S. counter-radicalization strategy should be implemented. However, it would be carried out at the local level(i.e., mayor's offices and/or governor s offices). It will require the coordinated effort of several federal agencies to establish programs to address radicalization factors. The findings propose that this coordination be carried out by an appointed Counter radicalization Czar through the Department of Homeland Security. The Czar would have intra-departmental authority to coordinate federal agencies to promote and provide programs that address counter radicalization factors that make individuals susceptible to the terrorist message.