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I review experimental results from ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions. Signals of new physics and observables reflecting the underlying collision dynamics are presented, and the evidence for new physics discussed. Measurements of higher energy collisions at RHIC are described, and I give some of the very first results.

This is a review of the main physical ideas and examples of applicability in astrophysics and pure physics of a semiclassical theory of dense matter proposed by Pavle Savic and Radivoje Kasanin in the early sixties. A hypothesis, advanced by Savic with the aim of solving the problem of the origin of rotation of celestical bodies,will also be discussed. The paper is dedicated to the memory of Pavle Savic, who died recently.

This is a review of the main physical ideas and examples of applicability in astrophysics and pure physics of a semiclassical theory of dense matter proposed by Pavle Savic and Radivoje Kasanin in the early sixties. A hypothesis, advanced by Savic with the aim of solving the problem of the origin of rotation of celestical bodies,will also be discussed. The paper is dedicated to the memory of Pavle Savic, who died recently.

We study the influence of boundaries on chiral effects in hot dense relativistic spinor matter in a strong magnetic field which is orthogonal to the boundaries. The most general set of boundary conditions ensuring the confinement of matter within the boundaries is employed. We find that the chiral magnetic effect disappears, whereas the chiral separation effect stays on, becoming dependent on temperature and on a choice of boundary conditions. As temperature increases from zero to large values, a stepped-shape behaviour of the chiral separation effect as a function of chemical potential is changed to a smooth one. A choice of the boundary condition can facilitate either amplification or diminution of the chiral separation effect; in particular, the effect can persist even at zero chemical potential, if temperature is finite. This points at a significant role of boundaries for physical systems with hot dense magnetized spinor matter, i.e. compact astrophysical objects (neutron stars and magnetars), relativistic heavy-ion collisions, novel materials known as the Dirac and Weyl semimetals.

I discuss a few aspects of dense hadronic matter and superdense QCD matter that are considered to be relevant to the physics of compact astrophysical systems. The connection between a "bottom-up approach" and a "top-down approach" is made with the help of an effective field theory strategy. Topics treated are meson condensation going up from low density and color superconductivity going down from asymptotic density with the approach to the chiral phase transition made in terms of Brown-Rho scaling.

This review describes the properties of hadronic phases of dense matter in compact stars. The theory is developed within the method of real-time Green's functions and is applied to study of baryonic matter at and above the saturation density. The non-relativistic and covariant theories based on continuum Green's functions and the T-matrix and related approximations to the self-energies are reviewed. The effects of symmetry energy, onset of hyperons and meson condensation on the properties of stellar configurations are demonstrated on specific examples. Neutrino interactions with baryonic matter are introduced within a kinetic theory. We concentrate on the classification, analysis and first principle derivation of neutrino radiation processes from unpaired and superfluid hadronic phases. We then demonstrate how neutrino radiation rates from various microscopic processes affect the macroscopic cooling of neutron stars and how the observed X-ray fluxes from pulsars constrain the properties of dense hadronic matter.

The aim of this paper is to present basic notions of dense matter physics and some of its applications to geophysics and astronomy.Topics covered in the paper include:basic observational data,fun- damental ideas of static high pressure experiments, notions of theoretical dense matter physics, and finally some details about theoretical work on dense matter physics and its astronomical applications in Serbia.