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Xylem and Phloem • Language: Hebrew • Author: Ashur Cherry (Toronto, Canada) Hebrew Language Publications are Dedicated in Honour of Professor Binyamin Geva

Xylem and Phloem • Language: Hebrew • Author: Ashur Cherry (Toronto, Canada) Hebrew Language Publications are Dedicated in Honour of Professor Binyamin Geva

Xylem and Phloem • Language: Hebrew • Author: Ashur Cherry (Toronto, Canada) Hebrew Language Publications are Dedicated in Honour of Professor Binyamin Geva

Xylem and Phloem • Language: Hebrew • Author: Ashur Cherry (Toronto, Canada) Hebrew Language Publications are Dedicated in Honour of Professor Binyamin Geva

Xylem and Phloem • Language: Hebrew • Author: Ashur Cherry (Toronto, Canada) Hebrew Language Publications are Dedicated in Honour of Professor Binyamin Geva

Xylem and Phloem • Language: Hebrew • Author: Ashur Cherry (Toronto, Canada) Hebrew Language Publications are Dedicated in Honour of Professor Binyamin Geva

Xylem and Phloem • Language: Hebrew • Author: Ashur Cherry (Toronto, Canada) Hebrew Language Publications are Dedicated in Honour of Professor Binyamin Geva

Xylem and Phloem • Language: Hebrew • Author: Ashur Cherry (Toronto, Canada) Hebrew Language Publications are Dedicated in Honour of Professor Binyamin Geva

Xylem and Phloem • Language: Hebrew • Author: Ashur Cherry (Toronto, Canada) Hebrew Language Publications are Dedicated in Honour of Professor Binyamin Geva

Xylem and Phloem • Language: Hebrew • Author: Ashur Cherry (Toronto, Canada) Hebrew Language Publications are Dedicated in Honour of Professor Binyamin Geva

Xylem and Phloem • Language: Hebrew • Author: Ashur Cherry (Toronto, Canada) Hebrew Language Publications are Dedicated in Honour of Professor Binyamin Geva

Xylem and Phloem • Language: Hebrew • Author: Ashur Cherry (Toronto, Canada) Hebrew Language Publications are Dedicated in Honour of Professor Binyamin Geva

"Lignification of Mature Phloem in Herbaceous Types" is an article from American Journal of Botany, Volume 9 . View more articles from American Journal of Botany . View this article on JSTOR . View this article's JSTOR metadata . You may also retrieve all of this items metadata in JSON at the following URL: https://archive.org/metadata/jstor-2435368

Originally ripped by Terminal Escape, posted on April 02, 2023 Description from Terminal Escape:  I spent a couple of hours this morning listening to the What Is Music? comp that Sound Noise Music put out in 1992 and....just made me really appreciate different aspects of and approaches to sound presentation, whether musical or not. And it made me really appreciate this Albuquerque gem I picked up last week on recommendation from the Longhair folks. Tripped out sample laden ambiance with subtle hints of damaged hip hop...one of the rare releases that sounds like nothing I've ever heard before. And that's why I was listening to What Is Music? earlier...because I wanted to remember what else was possible. The answer is simple.....anything.XYLEM AND PHLOEM CACOPHONIES OF BLACK BOTANISTS AND ARBORISTS https://terminalescape.blogspot.com/2015/02/what-is-music.html https://longhairrecords.com/product/ae-epiasol-xylem-phloem-cacophonies-of-black-botanists-and-arborists-new-2020-ltd-ed-25-cs-2020-1-23-41/

"Studies on the Phloem of the Dicotyledons. I. Phloem of the Juglandaceae" is an article from Botanical Gazette, Volume 51 . View more articles from Botanical Gazette . View this article on JSTOR . View this article's JSTOR metadata . You may also retrieve all of this items metadata in JSON at the following URL: https://archive.org/metadata/jstor-2466542

Xylem and Phloem • Language: Hebrew • Author: Ashur Cherry (Toronto, Canada) Hebrew Language Publications are Dedicated in Honour of Professor Binyamin Geva

Xylem and Phloem • Language: Hebrew • Author: Ashur Cherry (Toronto, Canada) Hebrew Language Publications are Dedicated in Honour of Professor Binyamin Geva

Xylem and Phloem • Language: Hebrew • Author: Ashur Cherry (Toronto, Canada) Hebrew Language Publications are Dedicated in Honour of Professor Binyamin Geva

Xylem and Phloem • Language: Hebrew • Author: Ashur Cherry (Toronto, Canada) Hebrew Language Publications are Dedicated in Honour of Professor Binyamin Geva

Xylem and Phloem • Language: Hebrew • Author: Ashur Cherry (Toronto, Canada) Hebrew Language Publications are Dedicated in Honour of Professor Binyamin Geva

Xylem and Phloem • Language: Hebrew • Author: Ashur Cherry (Toronto, Canada) Hebrew Language Publications are Dedicated in Honour of Professor Binyamin Geva

Xylem and Phloem • Language: Hebrew • Author: Ashur Cherry (Toronto, Canada) Hebrew Language Publications are Dedicated in Honour of Professor Binyamin Geva

Xylem and Phloem • Language: Hebrew • Author: Ashur Cherry (Toronto, Canada) Hebrew Language Publications are Dedicated in Honour of Professor Binyamin Geva

Xylem and Phloem • Language: Hebrew • Author: Ashur Cherry (Toronto, Canada) Hebrew Language Publications are Dedicated in Honour of Professor Binyamin Geva

Xylem and Phloem • Language: Hebrew • Author: Ashur Cherry (Toronto, Canada) Hebrew Language Publications are Dedicated in Honour of Professor Binyamin Geva

Xylem and Phloem • Language: Hebrew • Author: Ashur Cherry (Toronto, Canada) Hebrew Language Publications are Dedicated in Honour of Professor Binyamin Geva

Xylem and Phloem • Language: Hebrew • Author: Ashur Cherry (Toronto, Canada) Hebrew Language Publications are Dedicated in Honour of Professor Binyamin Geva

Xylem and Phloem • Language: Hebrew • Author: Ashur Cherry (Toronto, Canada) Hebrew Language Publications are Dedicated in Honour of Professor Binyamin Geva

Xylem and Phloem • Language: Hebrew • Author: Ashur Cherry (Toronto, Canada) Hebrew Language Publications are Dedicated in Honour of Professor Binyamin Geva

Plants create sugar in the mesophyll cells of their leaves by photosynthesis. This sugar, mostly sucrose, has to be loaded via the bundle sheath into the phloem vascular system (the sieve elements), where it is distributed to growing parts of the plant. We analyze the feasibility of a particular loading mechanism, active symplasmic loading, also called the polymer trap mechanism, where sucrose is transformed into heavier sugars, such as raffinose and stachyose, in the intermediary-type companion cells bordering the sieve elements in the minor veins of the phloem. Keeping the heavier sugars from diffusing back requires that the plasmodesmata connecting the bundle sheath with the intermediary cell act as extremely precise filters, which are able to distinguish between molecules that differ by less than 20% in size. In our modeling, we take into account the coupled water and sugar movement across the relevant interfaces, without explicitly considering the chemical reactions transforming the sucrose into the heavier sugars. Based on the available data for plasmodesmata geometry, sugar concentrations and flux rates, we conclude that this mechanism can in principle function. We find that the water flow through the plasmodesmata, which has not been quantified before, contributes only 10-20% to the sucrose flux into the intermediary cells, while the main part is transported by diffusion. On the other hand, the subsequent sugar translocation into the sieve elements would very likely be carried predominantly by bulk water flow through the plasmodesmata. Thus, in contrast to apoplasmic loaders, all the necessary water for phloem translocation would be supplied in this way with no need for additional water uptake across the plasma membranes of the phloem.

Plants create sugar in the mesophyll cells of their leaves by photosynthesis. This sugar, mostly sucrose, has to be loaded via the bundle sheath into the phloem vascular system (the sieve elements), where it is distributed to growing parts of the plant. We analyze the feasibility of a particular loading mechanism, active symplasmic loading, also called the polymer trap mechanism, where sucrose is transformed into heavier sugars, such as raffinose and stachyose, in the intermediary-type companion cells bordering the sieve elements in the minor veins of the phloem. Keeping the heavier sugars from diffusing back requires that the plasmodesmata connecting the bundle sheath with the intermediary cell act as extremely precise filters, which are able to distinguish between molecules that differ by less than 20% in size. In our modeling, we take into account the coupled water and sugar movement across the relevant interfaces, without explicitly considering the chemical reactions transforming the sucrose into the heavier sugars. Based on the available data for plasmodesmata geometry, sugar concentrations and flux rates, we conclude that this mechanism can in principle function. We find that the water flow through the plasmodesmata, which has not been quantified before, contributes only 10-20% to the sucrose flux into the intermediary cells, while the main part is transported by diffusion. On the other hand, the subsequent sugar translocation into the sieve elements would very likely be carried predominantly by bulk water flow through the plasmodesmata. Thus, in contrast to apoplasmic loaders, all the necessary water for phloem translocation would be supplied in this way with no need for additional water uptake across the plasma membranes of the phloem.

Bibliography: p. [10]

This article is from PeerJ , volume 2 . Abstract The tangentially oriented polyphenolic parenchyma (PP) and radially organized ray parenchyma in the phloem are central in the defense of conifer stems against insects and pathogens. Laser micro-dissection enables examination of cell-specific defense responses. To examine induced defense responses in Norway spruce stems inoculated with the necrotrophic blue-stain fungus Ceratocystis polonica, RNA extracted from laser micro-dissected phloem parenchyma and vascular cambium was analyzed using real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) to profile transcript levels of selected resistance marker genes. The monitored transcripts included three pathogenesis-related proteins (class IV chitinase (CHI4), defensin (SPI1), peroxidase (PX3), two terpene synthesis related proteins (DXPS and LAS), one ethylene biosynthesis related protein (ACS), and a phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL). Three days following inoculation, four genes (CHI4, PAL, PX3, SPI1) were differentially induced in individual cell and tissue types, both close to the inoculation site (5 mm above) and, to a lesser degree, further away (10 mm above). These resistance marker genes were all highly induced in ray parenchyma, supporting the important role of the rays in spruce defense propagation. CHI4 and PAL were also induced in PP cells and in conducting secondary phloem tissues. Our data suggests that different cell types in the secondary phloem of Norway spruce have overlapping but not fully redundant roles in active host defense. Furthermore, the study demonstrates the usefulness of laser micro-dissection coupled with qRT-PCR to characterize gene expression in different cell types of conifer bark.

This article is from PeerJ , volume 2 . Abstract The tangentially oriented polyphenolic parenchyma (PP) and radially organized ray parenchyma in the phloem are central in the defense of conifer stems against insects and pathogens. Laser micro-dissection enables examination of cell-specific defense responses. To examine induced defense responses in Norway spruce stems inoculated with the necrotrophic blue-stain fungus Ceratocystis polonica, RNA extracted from laser micro-dissected phloem parenchyma and vascular cambium was analyzed using real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) to profile transcript levels of selected resistance marker genes. The monitored transcripts included three pathogenesis-related proteins (class IV chitinase (CHI4), defensin (SPI1), peroxidase (PX3), two terpene synthesis related proteins (DXPS and LAS), one ethylene biosynthesis related protein (ACS), and a phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL). Three days following inoculation, four genes (CHI4, PAL, PX3, SPI1) were differentially induced in individual cell and tissue types, both close to the inoculation site (5 mm above) and, to a lesser degree, further away (10 mm above). These resistance marker genes were all highly induced in ray parenchyma, supporting the important role of the rays in spruce defense propagation. CHI4 and PAL were also induced in PP cells and in conducting secondary phloem tissues. Our data suggests that different cell types in the secondary phloem of Norway spruce have overlapping but not fully redundant roles in active host defense. Furthermore, the study demonstrates the usefulness of laser micro-dissection coupled with qRT-PCR to characterize gene expression in different cell types of conifer bark.

This article is from PeerJ , volume 2 . Abstract The tangentially oriented polyphenolic parenchyma (PP) and radially organized ray parenchyma in the phloem are central in the defense of conifer stems against insects and pathogens. Laser micro-dissection enables examination of cell-specific defense responses. To examine induced defense responses in Norway spruce stems inoculated with the necrotrophic blue-stain fungus Ceratocystis polonica, RNA extracted from laser micro-dissected phloem parenchyma and vascular cambium was analyzed using real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) to profile transcript levels of selected resistance marker genes. The monitored transcripts included three pathogenesis-related proteins (class IV chitinase (CHI4), defensin (SPI1), peroxidase (PX3), two terpene synthesis related proteins (DXPS and LAS), one ethylene biosynthesis related protein (ACS), and a phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL). Three days following inoculation, four genes (CHI4, PAL, PX3, SPI1) were differentially induced in individual cell and tissue types, both close to the inoculation site (5 mm above) and, to a lesser degree, further away (10 mm above). These resistance marker genes were all highly induced in ray parenchyma, supporting the important role of the rays in spruce defense propagation. CHI4 and PAL were also induced in PP cells and in conducting secondary phloem tissues. Our data suggests that different cell types in the secondary phloem of Norway spruce have overlapping but not fully redundant roles in active host defense. Furthermore, the study demonstrates the usefulness of laser micro-dissection coupled with qRT-PCR to characterize gene expression in different cell types of conifer bark.

Xylem and Phloem • Language: Hebrew • Author: Ashur Cherry (Toronto, Canada) Hebrew Language Publications are Dedicated in Honour of Professor Binyamin Geva

Xylem and Phloem • Language: Hebrew • Author: Ashur Cherry (Toronto, Canada) Hebrew Language Publications are Dedicated in Honour of Professor Binyamin Geva

Xylem and Phloem • Language: Hebrew • Author: Ashur Cherry (Toronto, Canada) Hebrew Language Publications are Dedicated in Honour of Professor Binyamin Geva

Xylem and Phloem • Language: Hebrew • Author: Ashur Cherry (Toronto, Canada) Hebrew Language Publications are Dedicated in Honour of Professor Binyamin Geva

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This article is from Proteome Science , volume 10 . Abstract Background: Various factors shape the response of plants to herbivorous insects, including wounding patterns, specific chemical effectors and feeding habits of the attacking herbivore. Here we performed a comparative proteomic analysis of the plant's response to wounding and herbivory, using as a model potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L.) subjected to mechanical wounding, defoliation by the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say, or phloem sap feeding by the potato aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas. Results: Out of ~500 leaf proteins monitored by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE), 31 were up- or downregulated by at least one stress treatment compared to healthy control plants. Of these proteins, 29 were regulated by beetle chewing, 8 by wounding and 8 by aphid feeding. Some proteins were up- or downregulated by two different treatments, while others showed diverging expression patterns in response to different treatments. A number of modulated proteins identified by mass spectrometry were typical defense proteins, including wound-inducible protease inhibitors and pathogenesis-related proteins. Proteins involved in photosynthesis were also modulated, notably by potato beetle feeding inducing a strong decrease of some photosystem I proteins. Quantitative RT PCR assays were performed with nucleotide primers for photosynthesis-related proteins to assess the impact of wounding and herbivory at the gene level. Whereas different, sometimes divergent, responses were observed at the proteome level in response to wounding and potato beetle feeding, downregulating effects were systematically observed for both treatments at the transcriptional level. Conclusions: These observations illustrate the differential impacts of wounding and insect herbivory on defense- and photosynthesis-related components of the potato leaf proteome, likely associated with the perception of distinct physical and chemical cues in planta.

This article is from Genome Biology and Evolution , volume 5 . Abstract Many insects rely on bacterial symbionts with tiny genomes specialized for provisioning nutrients lacking in host diets. Xylem sap and phloem sap are both deficient as insect diets, but differ dramatically in nutrient content, potentially affecting symbiont genome evolution. For sap-feeding insects, sequenced symbiont genomes are available only for phloem-feeding examples from the suborder Sternorrhyncha and xylem-feeding examples from the suborder Auchenorrhyncha, confounding comparisons. We sequenced genomes of the obligate symbionts, Sulcia muelleri and Nasuia deltocephalinicola, of the phloem-feeding pest insect, Macrosteles quadrilineatus (Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae). Our results reveal that Nasuia-ALF has the smallest bacterial genome yet sequenced (112 kb), and that the Sulcia-ALF genome (190 kb) is smaller than that of Sulcia in other insect lineages. Together, these symbionts retain the capability to synthesize the 10 essential amino acids, as observed for several symbiont pairs from xylem-feeding Auchenorrhyncha. Nasuia retains genes enabling synthesis of two amino acids, DNA replication, transcription, and translation. Both symbionts have lost genes underlying ATP synthesis through oxidative phosphorylation, possibly as a consequence of the enriched sugar content of phloem. Shared genomic features, including reassignment of the UGA codon from Stop to tryptophan, and phylogenetic results suggest that Nasuia-ALF is most closely related to Zinderia, the betaproteobacterial symbiont of spittlebugs. Thus, Nasuia/Zinderia and Sulcia likely represent ancient associates that have co-resided in hosts since the divergence of leafhoppers and spittlebugs >200 Ma, and possibly since the origin of the Auchenorrhyncha, >260 Ma.

This article is from Genome Biology and Evolution , volume 5 . Abstract Many insects rely on bacterial symbionts with tiny genomes specialized for provisioning nutrients lacking in host diets. Xylem sap and phloem sap are both deficient as insect diets, but differ dramatically in nutrient content, potentially affecting symbiont genome evolution. For sap-feeding insects, sequenced symbiont genomes are available only for phloem-feeding examples from the suborder Sternorrhyncha and xylem-feeding examples from the suborder Auchenorrhyncha, confounding comparisons. We sequenced genomes of the obligate symbionts, Sulcia muelleri and Nasuia deltocephalinicola, of the phloem-feeding pest insect, Macrosteles quadrilineatus (Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae). Our results reveal that Nasuia-ALF has the smallest bacterial genome yet sequenced (112 kb), and that the Sulcia-ALF genome (190 kb) is smaller than that of Sulcia in other insect lineages. Together, these symbionts retain the capability to synthesize the 10 essential amino acids, as observed for several symbiont pairs from xylem-feeding Auchenorrhyncha. Nasuia retains genes enabling synthesis of two amino acids, DNA replication, transcription, and translation. Both symbionts have lost genes underlying ATP synthesis through oxidative phosphorylation, possibly as a consequence of the enriched sugar content of phloem. Shared genomic features, including reassignment of the UGA codon from Stop to tryptophan, and phylogenetic results suggest that Nasuia-ALF is most closely related to Zinderia, the betaproteobacterial symbiont of spittlebugs. Thus, Nasuia/Zinderia and Sulcia likely represent ancient associates that have co-resided in hosts since the divergence of leafhoppers and spittlebugs >200 Ma, and possibly since the origin of the Auchenorrhyncha, >260 Ma.

This article is from Genome Biology and Evolution , volume 5 . Abstract Many insects rely on bacterial symbionts with tiny genomes specialized for provisioning nutrients lacking in host diets. Xylem sap and phloem sap are both deficient as insect diets, but differ dramatically in nutrient content, potentially affecting symbiont genome evolution. For sap-feeding insects, sequenced symbiont genomes are available only for phloem-feeding examples from the suborder Sternorrhyncha and xylem-feeding examples from the suborder Auchenorrhyncha, confounding comparisons. We sequenced genomes of the obligate symbionts, Sulcia muelleri and Nasuia deltocephalinicola, of the phloem-feeding pest insect, Macrosteles quadrilineatus (Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae). Our results reveal that Nasuia-ALF has the smallest bacterial genome yet sequenced (112 kb), and that the Sulcia-ALF genome (190 kb) is smaller than that of Sulcia in other insect lineages. Together, these symbionts retain the capability to synthesize the 10 essential amino acids, as observed for several symbiont pairs from xylem-feeding Auchenorrhyncha. Nasuia retains genes enabling synthesis of two amino acids, DNA replication, transcription, and translation. Both symbionts have lost genes underlying ATP synthesis through oxidative phosphorylation, possibly as a consequence of the enriched sugar content of phloem. Shared genomic features, including reassignment of the UGA codon from Stop to tryptophan, and phylogenetic results suggest that Nasuia-ALF is most closely related to Zinderia, the betaproteobacterial symbiont of spittlebugs. Thus, Nasuia/Zinderia and Sulcia likely represent ancient associates that have co-resided in hosts since the divergence of leafhoppers and spittlebugs >200 Ma, and possibly since the origin of the Auchenorrhyncha, >260 Ma.

This article is from Genome Biology and Evolution , volume 5 . Abstract Many insects rely on bacterial symbionts with tiny genomes specialized for provisioning nutrients lacking in host diets. Xylem sap and phloem sap are both deficient as insect diets, but differ dramatically in nutrient content, potentially affecting symbiont genome evolution. For sap-feeding insects, sequenced symbiont genomes are available only for phloem-feeding examples from the suborder Sternorrhyncha and xylem-feeding examples from the suborder Auchenorrhyncha, confounding comparisons. We sequenced genomes of the obligate symbionts, Sulcia muelleri and Nasuia deltocephalinicola, of the phloem-feeding pest insect, Macrosteles quadrilineatus (Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae). Our results reveal that Nasuia-ALF has the smallest bacterial genome yet sequenced (112 kb), and that the Sulcia-ALF genome (190 kb) is smaller than that of Sulcia in other insect lineages. Together, these symbionts retain the capability to synthesize the 10 essential amino acids, as observed for several symbiont pairs from xylem-feeding Auchenorrhyncha. Nasuia retains genes enabling synthesis of two amino acids, DNA replication, transcription, and translation. Both symbionts have lost genes underlying ATP synthesis through oxidative phosphorylation, possibly as a consequence of the enriched sugar content of phloem. Shared genomic features, including reassignment of the UGA codon from Stop to tryptophan, and phylogenetic results suggest that Nasuia-ALF is most closely related to Zinderia, the betaproteobacterial symbiont of spittlebugs. Thus, Nasuia/Zinderia and Sulcia likely represent ancient associates that have co-resided in hosts since the divergence of leafhoppers and spittlebugs >200 Ma, and possibly since the origin of the Auchenorrhyncha, >260 Ma.

This article is from Genome Biology and Evolution , volume 5 . Abstract Many insects rely on bacterial symbionts with tiny genomes specialized for provisioning nutrients lacking in host diets. Xylem sap and phloem sap are both deficient as insect diets, but differ dramatically in nutrient content, potentially affecting symbiont genome evolution. For sap-feeding insects, sequenced symbiont genomes are available only for phloem-feeding examples from the suborder Sternorrhyncha and xylem-feeding examples from the suborder Auchenorrhyncha, confounding comparisons. We sequenced genomes of the obligate symbionts, Sulcia muelleri and Nasuia deltocephalinicola, of the phloem-feeding pest insect, Macrosteles quadrilineatus (Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae). Our results reveal that Nasuia-ALF has the smallest bacterial genome yet sequenced (112 kb), and that the Sulcia-ALF genome (190 kb) is smaller than that of Sulcia in other insect lineages. Together, these symbionts retain the capability to synthesize the 10 essential amino acids, as observed for several symbiont pairs from xylem-feeding Auchenorrhyncha. Nasuia retains genes enabling synthesis of two amino acids, DNA replication, transcription, and translation. Both symbionts have lost genes underlying ATP synthesis through oxidative phosphorylation, possibly as a consequence of the enriched sugar content of phloem. Shared genomic features, including reassignment of the UGA codon from Stop to tryptophan, and phylogenetic results suggest that Nasuia-ALF is most closely related to Zinderia, the betaproteobacterial symbiont of spittlebugs. Thus, Nasuia/Zinderia and Sulcia likely represent ancient associates that have co-resided in hosts since the divergence of leafhoppers and spittlebugs >200 Ma, and possibly since the origin of the Auchenorrhyncha, >260 Ma.

This article is from Frontiers in Plant Science , volume 4 . Abstract To elucidate the role of electrical signaling in the phloem of maize the tips of attached leaves were stimulated by chilling and wounding. Two different signals were detected in the phloem at the middle of the leaf using the aphid stylet technique: (1) action potentials (AP) arose in the phloem after chilling; and (2) variation potentials (VPs) were evoked after wounding the leaf tip. Combined electric potential and gas exchange measurements showed that while the wound-induced VP moved rapidly towards the middle of the leaf to induce a reduction in both the net-CO2 uptake rate and the stomatal conductance, there was no response in the gas exchange to the cold-induced AP. To determine if electrical signaling had any impact on assimilate transport the middle of the leaf was exposed to 14CO2. Autoradiography of labeled assimilates provided evidence that phloem and intercellular transport of assimilates from mesophyll to bundle sheath cells was strongly reduced while the cold-induced AP moved through. In contrast, wound-induced VP did not inhibit assimilate translocation but did reduce the amount of the labeled assimilate in phloem and bundle sheath cells. Biochemical analysis revealed that callose content increased significantly in chilled leaves while starch increased in chilled but decreased in wounded leaves. The results led to the conclusion that different stimulation types incite characteristic phloem-transmitted electrical signals, each with a specific influence on gas exchange and assimilate transport.

Xylem and Phloem • Language: Hebrew • Author: Ashur Cherry (Toronto, Canada) Hebrew Language Publications are Dedicated in Honour of Professor Binyamin Geva

1Calico Cat

By Charles Miner Thompson

This is a cute story of a mysterious feline annoyance and the result of a man acting upon his annoyance. The cat begins a vicious spiral of events that ends with lies, the arrest of a boy, and the guilty conscience of a man. (Summary written by Allyson Hester)

2Royal Book of Oz (version 2 Dramatic Reading)

By Ruth Plumly Thompson

When the professor decides to outline the ancestry of the eminent people of Oz, Scarecrow feels left out. He doesn't have a family tree - unless you count the bean pole on which he had been placed when the farmer put him in the cornfield! So he decides to seek out his roots . . . which leads him, Dorothy, and the Cowardly Lion on adventures they never dreamed, meeting new friends (and foes) along the way. (Introduction by TriciaG)<br /><br /> <b>Cast list:</b><BR> Narrator: <a href="https://librivox.org/reader/8677">KHand</a><br> Scarecrow: <a href="https://librivox.org/reader/7079">Chuck Williamson</a><br> Dorothy: <a href="https://librivox.org/reader/8197">Victoria P</a><br> Cowardly Lion: <a href="https://librivox.org/reader/8012">Woolly Bee</a><br> Sir Hokus: <a href="https://librivox.org/reader/8488">Peter Parshall</a><br> Drummer/Happy Toko, Big Fix : <a href="https://librivox.org/reader/8682">Todd Jenken</a><br> Dromedary, Fix King : <a href="https://librivox.org/reader/6167">Janet</a><br> Chief Poker, General, Fix 1, Comfortable Camel: <a href="https://librivox.org/reader/9023">P. J. Morgan</a><br> Professor Wogglebug, Old Gentleman/The Grand Chew Chew: <a href="https://librivox.org/reader/6281">Beth Thomas</a><br> Zif, Rattlesnake, Middling Son, Blink, Big Bush, Randum, Grandson/Grandsons, Wizard: <a href="https://librivox.org/reader/6548">Kristin Gjerløw</a><br> Jack, A-B-Sea Serpent, Muddle, Others/Courtiers/People, Sticken, Prince 2, Wizard of Oz: <a href="https://librivox.org/reader/6754">ToddHW</a><br> Tik-Tok, Middling Father, Poke Man, Silver Man, Giant, Bed: <a href="https://librivox.org/reader/9007">sunny1849</a><br> Farmer, Pokes, Sticken: <a href="https://librivox.org/reader/8436">Annika Vera</a><br> Tin Woodman, Middling King, Prince 1: <a href="https://librivox.org/reader/8442">Sophia Noelle</a><br> Scraps, Others/Courtiers/People: <a href="https://librivox.org/reader/8009">Frances Brown</a><br> Glinda, Betsy Bobbin, Little Bush, Others/Courtiers/People: <a href="https://librivox.org/reader/8514">Charlotte Brown</a><br> Ozma, Winkie Lady, Lantern 1, Memo, Grandsons, Princess Orange Blossom: <a href="https://librivox.org/reader/6319">thestorygirl</a><br> Jellia Jamb, Pokes, Lantern 2, Grandsons, Others/Courtiers/People, Prince 3: <a href="https://librivox.org/reader/3157">TriciaG</a><br> Middling Singer: <a href="https://librivox.org/reader/2911">David Lawrence</a><br> <br> Editors: <a href="https://librivox.org/reader/6548">Kristin Gjerløw</a>, <a href="https://librivox.org/reader/8072">Kimberly Krause</a>, <a href="https://librivox.org/reader/9300">Gillian Schnurr</a>, <a href="https://librivox.org/reader/8164">Rob Board</a> and <a href="https://librivox.org/reader/8393">Dave Harrell</a>.

3Royal Book of Oz

By Ruth Plumly Thompson

The Royal Book of Oz (1921) is the fifteenth in the series of Oz books, and the first to be written by Ruth Plumly Thompson after L. Frank Baum's death. Although Baum was credited as the author, it was written entirely by Thompson. <br /><br />The Scarecrow is upset when Professor Wogglebug tells him that he has no family, so he goes to where Dorothy Gale found him to trace his "roots." Then he vanishes from the face of Oz. <br /><br />Dorothy and the Cowardly Lion mount a search for their friend, but when that is successful, they will need to become a rescue party!

4Calico Cat (version 2)

By Charles Miner Thompson

The consequences of letting your irritation get the better of you are humorously portrayed in this story of a self-important man who fires a shotgun at an annoying cat on his fence.. and hits a man skulking in the bushes. What did the cat do to enrage him? Why was the man in the bushes? And how can the whole matter be covered up and done away with before the neighbors start gossiping? (Summary by Mark F. Smith)

Dear children: Do you like Elephants? Do you believe in Giants? And do you love all the jolly people of the Wonderful Land of Oz? Well then you'll want to hear about the latest happenings in that delightful Kingdom. All are set forth in true Oz fashion in "Kabumpo in Oz," the sixteenth Oz book. Kabumpo is an Elegant Elephant. He is very old and wise, and has a kindly heart, as have all the Oz folks. In the new book you'll meet Prince Pompa, and Peg Amy, a charming Wooden Doll. There are new countries, strange adventures and the most surprising Box of Magic you have ever heard of. Ruggedo , the wicked old Gnome King, does a lot of mischief with this before Princess Ozma can stop him. Of course Dorothy, the Scarecrow, Scraps, Glinda the Good, Tik-Tok, and other old friends all are alive and busy in the new book. I am just back from the Emerald City with the best of Oz wishes for everybody, but especially you. Philadelphia Spring of 1922 Ruth Plumly Thompson (Summary by Ruth Plumly Thompson)

6Poison Romance And Poison Mysteries

By Charles John Samuel Thompson

A writer and physician, Charles John Samuel Thompson wrote several works on poisons which are still consulted today. He is especially informative on early historical poisons. This book discusses many cases of poisoning, famous and not so, as well as various topics on poisons and poisoning. - Summary by david wales

7Three Bears of Porcupine Ridge

By Jean M. Thompson

Twenty-four delightful tales for children. Meet Timothy Mouse, Little Red Doe, Dame Woodchuck, King Moose and Unk-Wunk the Porcupine with their friends. Adventure and humor are skillfully wrapped around these lovable characters. - Summary by Larry Wilson

8Calculus Made Easy

By Silvanus P. Thompson

<i>Calculus Made Easy: Being a Very-Simplest Introduction to Those Beautiful Methods of Reckoning which Are Generally Called by the Terrifying Names of the Differential Calculus and the Integral Calculus</i> is is a book on infinitesimal calculus originally published in 1910 by Silvanus P. Thompson, considered a classic and elegant introduction to the subject. (from Wikipedia) <br><br> <i>Some calculus-tricks are quite easy. Some are enormously difficult. The fools who write the textbooks of advanced mathematics—and they are mostly clever fools—seldom take the trouble to show you how easy the easy calculations are. On the contrary, they seem to desire to impress you with their tremendous cleverness by going about it in the most difficult way.<br><br> Being myself a remarkably stupid fellow, I have had to unteach myself the difficulties, and now beg to present to my fellow fools the parts that are not hard. Master these thoroughly, and the rest will follow. What one fool can do, another can.</i> (from the Prologue)

9Poems

By Francis Thompson

This is the first volume of poems published by the English poet Francis Thompson. It also includes his most famous poem, <i>The Hound of Heaven</i>. - Summary by Carolin

10Royal Book of Oz (version 3)

By Ruth Plumly Thompson

"Of course, we all knew the Scarecrow was a very fine fellow, but surely we never guessed he ascended from an emperor. Most of us descend from our ancestors, but the Scarecrow really ASCENDED. The Scarecrow had a most exciting and adventurous time on the Silver Isle and Dorothy and the Cowardly Lion just ran out of one adventure into another trying to rescue him. They made some charming new friends in their travels—Sir Hokus of Pokes, the Doubtful Dromedary, and the Comfortable Camel. You'll find them very unusual and likable. They have the same peculiar, delightful and informal natures that we love in all the queer Oz people." From the introduction. When Frank Baum died, he left notes for the next book in the Oz series and they were used to write this delightful story. - Summary by Introduction and Phil Chenevert

11Ozoplaning with the Wizard of Oz

By L. Frank Baum and Ruth Plumly Thompson

The Wizard of Oz has built two beautiful "Ozoplanes" to explore Oz. But the official launch party goes wrong when the Soldier with the Green Whiskers accidentally launches the Oztober into the cloud country of Stratovania! The ruler, Strut of the Strat, makes Jellia Jamb his "Starina" and then sets off to conquer the fascinating country of Oz! Meanwhile the Wizard, Dorothy, the Cowardly Lion and the Scarecrow pile into the Ozpril and chase after the Oztober, but end up having an adventure of their own... This is the 33rd book in the "Oz" series, following in the official canon after L. Frank Baum's original 14 books. The phrase "The Wizard of Oz" was included in the title to coincide with the 1939 release of the film The Wizard of Oz. The focus of the story is primarily on characters who appeared in "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz". (Summary by Beth Thomas)

12Handy Mandy in Oz

By Ruth Plumly Thompson

On many a day had Handy, the Goat Girl of Mern, pursued her goats up and down the rocky eminences of her native mountain. And never—NEVER—in her fourteen or so years' experience had she been blown up by a mountain spring. But there comes, in every one's experience a day which is unlike every other day, and so it was with the Goat Girl. As she was pursuing What-a-butter, her favorite goat, there was a sudden crash, a whish, and up flew the slab of rock on which she was standing, up and away. The adventures into which she was carried by this simple though awefull beginning take a whole book to relate. How she met Nox the Royal Ox of Keretaria, how together they went in search of little King Kerry, how at last they rescued him and found themselves feted guests of Ozma of Oz, all these things you must read for yourselves. - Summary by the author and Phil chenevert

13Selected Poems of Francis Thompson

By Francis Thompson

Francis Thompson, an English poet and author, is best known for his poem "Hound of Heaven," included in this selection of his poems. After submitting some poems to the magazine "Merrie England," the editors, Wilfrid and Alice Meynell, became his benefactors and published his first volume, "Poems." Wilfrid Meynell selected these poems form Thompson's works and provides an enlightening biographical sketch. At the end of this volume are a selection of tributes to Thompson ranging from newspaper reviews to an appreciation from G.K Chesterton. - Summary by Larry Wilson

14Water Wonders Every Child Should Know

By Jean M. Thompson

Water: essential for life and in much of the world, we take it for granted. In this work, Jean Thompson explains various aspects of the water cycle in simple terms, for the benefit of young readers with enquiring minds. Listeners are referred to the text for the microphotographs described.

15Wishing Horse of Oz

By Ruth Plumly Thompson

Magic wishing emeralds mysteriously arrive in the little kingdom of Skampavia. King Skamperoo immediately confiscates them and wishes to become the Emperor of Oz, with his magic horse Chalk as his advisor. All the residents of Oz are enchanted to forget Ozma and their own rulers, except for Dorothy and Pigasus the flying pig. Can Dorothy and Pigasus break the enchantment and rescue Princess Ozma? Will they forge an unlikely alliance with the Gnome King? And who is the real owner and possessor of the secret of the wishing emeralds?<br><br>The Wishing Horse of Oz is the twenty-ninth in the series of Oz books created by L. Frank Baum. (Summary by Beth Thomas)

16Captain Salt in Oz

By Ruth Plumly Thompson

A voyage on the famous Nonestic Ocean! What could be more thrilling than that? We—many of us—have taken trips on the prosaic Atlantic or even Pacific, but have we found a SEA FOREST with flying fish and swimming birds? Have we been pursued by a real SEA SERPENT, or had our ship transfixed by the immense ivory tusk of a NARWHAL? Have we come upon the glittering island of PEAKENSPIRE, or made friends with a charming talking hippopotamus? Yet all these things and more befall Captain Salt, one time Pirate and now Royal Explorer of Oz, and his merry crew. They come back with their hold bursting with unique and fascinating specimens, with their chart crowded with new islands, all claimed for Ozma of Oz! Captain Salt in Oz (1936) is the thirtieth in the series of Oz novels created by L. Frank Baum. (Original publisher's book summary)

17Silver Princess in Oz

By Ruth Plumly Thompson

Young King Randy of Regalia is visited by his old friend, Kabumpo, the Elegant Elephant of Pumperdink. Together, they set out to visit their friend Jinnicky the Red Jinn in the Land of Ev. On the way, they meet Planetty, the silver Princess from Anuther Planet, and her fire-breathing thunder colt. When they reach Jinnicky's palace, they find that Jinnicky has been deposed and enchanted by an untrustworthy slave! Can Randy and Kabumpo defeat Gludwig and restore peace and justice to Ev? The Silver Princess in Oz (1938) is the thirty-second of the Oz books created by L. Frank Baum and his successors, and the eighteenth written by Ruth Plumly Thompson. - Summary by Beth Thomas and Wikipedia

18Kabumpo in Oz (version 2)

By Ruth Plumly Thompson

An elephant in Oz? You bet! The tiny kingdom of Pumperdink has what no neighboring kingdom has: an Elegant Elephant in court, and his name is Kabumpo. He is very proud of his kingdom, his elegance and tends to be just the smallest bit pompous. On the other hand, he loves the young prince Pompo and goes with him in a desperate search to save their kingdom from disappearing. Yes, the prince must find the 'proper princess' and marry her within 7 days or the entire kingdom and everyone in it will be gone. Such a great responsibility on such a youth is hard to bear but Kabumpo helps a lot. Naturally the evil gnome Ruggedo is involved deep underneath but this will all be explained in the exciting chapters. Will he find the proper princess? will he squished by the giant? You must listen to find out and I promise it will be a wild ride. Summary by phil Chenevert

Mustafa of Mudge has heard of the famous Cowardly Lion of Oz, and decides to capture him and put him into a zoo! He enlists the help of Bob Up and a clown called Notta Bit More - the master of disguise! The Cowardly Lion meanwhile travels though Oz and meets a stone man, who offers to turn the Cowardly Lion into stone: after all, a stone lion doesn't feel fear! Is this the solution to the Cowardly Lion's quest for courage? Or is it a trap, and does the stone man want to trick him for reasons of his own? The Cowardly Lion of Oz was published in 1923, and is the seventeenth in the Oz series created by L. Frank Baum. It is the third by Ruth Plumly Thompson, and comes directly after "Kabumpo in Oz". The main themes are disguises, honesty, and being true to who you are. (Summary by Beth Thomas)

20Cowardly Lion of Oz

By Ruth Plumly Thompson

The Cowardly Lion, always fearful, has become even more afraid than usual and is convinced that he has lost the courage the Wizard of OZ gave him man years ago. To remedy this he decides to follow the dubious advice from the Scrapwork Girl, to 'find someone who has courage and swallow him up'. Unfortunately the King of the little known country of Mudge wants him captured and added to his lion collection. Naturally new characters, all funny and fun, join in the collision of intents and purposes as only in t he magical land of OZ can they do so. Exciting, funny and fabulous this tale will enchant you with its whimsy and wit. Will our dear Cowardly Lion actually swallow someone:? Will he be captured and added to the zoo of the Mudgers? Listen and be delighted with it all works out. - Summary by philc

Another great book in the world of Oz, in which King Fumbo of Ragbad loses his head in a storm and Prince Tatters, accompanied by the wise and wonderful old soldier Grampa, sets off to find the king's head, a fortune, and a princess. With Bill, a live iron weathercock, they visit a Wizard's Garden and discover Urtha, a lovely girl made all of flowers -- and proceed to fall, swim, explode, sail, and fly above and below Oz and Ev. Grampa and Co. eventually meet Dorothy herself, traveling with a Forgetful Poet in search of the missing princess of Perhaps City who has been condemned to marry a monster! Ruth Plumly Thompson really hits her stride in this book, telling the OZ story with her own dash and style that will make you smile and outright laugh each chapter. The puns are continuous and those will make you groan!

22Silver Princess in Oz (version 2)

By Ruth Plumly Thompson

Another Oz book! Yes! Lots of unlikely characters and tons of fun. In this story, young King Randy of Regalia is visited by his old friend, Kabumpo, the Elegant Elephant of Pumperdink. Together, they set out to visit their friend Jinnicky the Red Jinn in the Land of Ev.. On the way, they meet Planetty, the silver Princess from Anuther Planet, and her fire-breathing colt, Thun. When they reach Jinnicky's palace, they find that Jinnicky has been deposed and enchanted by an untrustworthy slave. - Summary by phil chenvert and wiki

23Alice of Old Vincennes

By Maurice Thompson

This entertaining book of adventure, love and war was a Bestseller in 1900 and 1901. The heroine Alice Roussillon is a brave young woman who grew up in a small town on the Wabash River in Indiana during the revolutionary war. The characters are all distinctive and compelling. It gives a great insight into the frontier life of that era and includes true historical accounts and personages such as the wicked Lieutenant Governor Henry Hamilton and George Rogers Clarke who was responsible for expelling the British from Fort Sackville in Vincennes in 1779. From the foreword: " "Accept, then, this book, which to those who care only for history will seem but an idle romance, while to the lovers of romance it may look strangely like the mustiest history." - Summary by Celine Major

24Ozoplaning with the Wizard of Oz (version 2)

By Ruth Plumly Thompson

The wonderful but quirky Wizard of Oz has invented a plane to go strato-sphering. Zooming among the clouds and shooting stars above OZ certainly produces a host of strange adventures. This last book about OZ by Ruth Thompson includes many well known characters of that fairy land like the Wizard, Dorothy, The Tin Man, and The Cowardly Lion but has some that have been a bit overlooked before like Jellia Jam, Ozma's chief maid-in-waiting and The Soldier With Green Whiskers. A high flying tale with danger and excitement! But don't worry, everyone will come through in the end just fine. - I promise! Summary by phil chenevert

25Lost King of Oz

By Ruth Plumly Thompson

"Princess Ozma has ruled so wisely and happily in the wonderful Land of Oz for so long that most of us have forgotten the strange story of the Lost King of Oz—Ozma's father. As everyone in Oz knows, the King was transformed from his royal self by Mombi, the wicked old Gilliken witch, and lost his throne and his crown when he, himself, was lost. In this new Oz book the Royal Historian tells how Snip, the little buttonboy, and Pajuka, the great white goose—who had been the lost King's prime minister in the good old days—set out from the jolly Kingdom of Kimbaloo to find the King and to petition Princess Ozma to punish Mombi for her wicked mischief. Princess Dorothy meets Snip and Pajuka, as she returns from a sudden and curious visit to Hollywood with a funny and friendly moving picture dummy, and the four adventurers are whisked to the Emerald City by Kabumpo, the Elegant Elephant. At the Court of Ozma the Scarecrow and the Wizard of Oz join in the attempt to find the Lost King, and the surprising events that follow make a truly exciting Oz story. After many thrilling attempts, the mystery of the Lost King is magically solved, but you must read for yourself to find out all about it." - Summary by The author

A wonderful work on the life of St. Joseph, the true husband of the Virgin Mary, and foster-father of Jesus Christ. - Summary by Mozartjr