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This is a project aimed at collecting and analyzing quantitative data to study the knowledge, awareness and perception of prostate cancer in Ghanaian market women.

Many consumers have adopted the food of dietary supplements. However, since the threshold of professional knowledge for dietary supplements is usually high, most of the consumers do not possess sufficient knowledge for making an appropriate purchase decisions as they concern buying the products of dietary supplements. As a result, many consumers rely on word-of-mouth as they need to make purchase decisions on buying dietary supplements. It causes health risk to consumers since the word-of-mouth may be wrong and thus to make consumers take wrong dietary supplements. To address this deficiency, this study explores how consumers’ knowledge for dietary supplements and risk perceptions influence their search behavior for word-of-mouth in the purchase of dietary supplements. With a two-stage cluster sampling strategy, 370 questionnaires were distributed to thecustomers of retail stores for selling Ganoderma dietary supplements, while 314 questionnaires were valid for statistical analysis. With the analysis of linear structural equation modeling, the causal structural relation among consumers’ product knowledge, risk perception and word-of-mouth search behavior was examined. According to the statistical results, consumers’ subjective product knowledge has greater overall impacts on the degree of word-of-mouth search behavior, compared with consumers’ objective product knowledge. Namely, if consumers have more subjective knowledge for products, they are less likely to rely on word-of-mouth for the purchase of dietary supplements. For promoting the concept of food safety to consumers, consumers should be prepared with more correct product knowledge, in order to develop trust in self product knowledge in the publicity of safe consumption of dietary supplements, and reduce their dependence on the reputation of the dietary supplements without clear sources.

A descriptive study design was carried out to assess the knowledge, awareness, and perception of an insured person about health insurance in a tertiary care hospital. A well-framed structured questionnaire was administered to the opinions of the 384 respondents (insured and uninsured), out of which 92% are insured and only 8% are uninsured. Only a few (12%) of insured do not know how much policy coverage is there for hospital charges and 27% of insured have chosen health insurance policy in order to avail good quality treatment. The result clearly shows that most people are not that aware of the process of initiating cashless hospitalization. Hence the insurance companies, third-party administrators, and the hospital must work in synergy.

Background: Pain during childbirth is one of the most common types of pain experienced by women. Epidural analgesia (EDA) refers to local anesthetics and adjuvants injected into the epidural space and is widely used as a form of pain relief in labour.

Despite all conventional medicines, the use of complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) is increasing in the world. The objective of the current study is to analyze the knowledge, attitude, and perception regarding CAM among pharmacy, medicine, and dental students.

Despite all conventional medicines, the use of complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) is increasing in the world. The objective of the current study is to analyze the knowledge, attitude, and perception regarding CAM among pharmacy, medicine, and dental students.

Despite all conventional medicines, the use of complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) is increasing in the world. The objective of the current study is to analyze the knowledge, attitude, and perception regarding CAM among pharmacy, medicine, and dental students.

The prevalence of e‐cigarette use is increasing worldwide. Evaluating the impact of e-cigarettes on public health and taking preventative and intervention strategies in to account would necessitate an understanding of how to describe and analyse e-cigarette use, awareness and misconceptions.

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had a significant impact in terms of economic and social health. Assessing the community's knowledge regarding the transmission of COVID-19 is essential to specify the target of promoting and preventive actions. Therefore, the research aimed to assess pregnant women's knowledge, perception, and behavior against COVID-19 transmission. The research was a quantitative cross [1] sectional study. Pregnant women who received antenatal care at PKU Muhammadiyah Mamajang Makassar Hospital were included in the study. We are using random sampling, and the study was conducted from May 31-July 31, 2021. The study found that pregnant women's knowledge, perception, and behavior of COVID-19 transmission was high and good. Several factors were found to be related to the level of knowledge, including the story of education (p 0.013), perception (p 0.037), and behavior (p 0.0001). Meanwhile, age and parity have no association with knowledge (p 0.524 and p 0.499). Currently, it is hoped that more optimal education will continue to be carried out by health workers to mothers so that they can live their pregnancies in a prosperous manner so that mothers and fetuses will be healthy and safe during the pandemic COVID-19.

Book Source: Digital Library of India Item 2015.114753 dc.contributor.author: Locke,don dc.date.accessioned: 2015-07-02T14:49:47Z dc.date.available: 2015-07-02T14:49:47Z dc.date.digitalpublicationdate: 2012-05-00 dc.date.citation: 1945 dc.identifier.barcode: 99999990305108 dc.identifier.origpath: /data9/upload/0303/040 dc.identifier.copyno: 1 dc.identifier.uri: http://www.new.dli.ernet.in/handle/2015/114753 dc.description.scanningcentre: Banasthali University dc.description.main: 1 dc.description.tagged: 0 dc.description.totalpages: 235 dc.format.mimetype: application/pdf dc.language.iso: English dc.publisher.digitalrepublisher: Digital Library Of India dc.publisher: New York.,humanities Press Inc dc.rights: Out_of_copyright dc.source.library: Central Library Mohanlal Sukhadia University,udaipur dc.subject.classification: Education dc.title: Perception And Our Knowledge Of The External World

This article is from BMJ Open , volume 2 . Abstract Purpose: Healthcare workers have a main role in detection, assessment and spontaneous reporting of adverse drug reactions (ADRs), and improvement of their related knowledge, attitude and perception is essential. The goal of this study was evaluation of clinical pharmacists' interventions in improvement of knowledge, attitude and perception of healthcare workers about ADRs in a teaching referral hospital, Tehran, Iran. Method: Changes in knowledge, attitude and perception of healthcare workers of Imam teaching hospital about ADRs were evaluated before and after clinical pharmacists' interventions including workshops, meetings and presentations. Results: From the 100 participated subjects, 82 of them completed the study. 51% of the health workers have been aware of the Iranian Pharmacovigilance Center at the ministry of health before intervention and after that all the participants knew this centre. About awareness and detection of ADRs in patients, 69 (84.1%) healthcare workers recognised at least one, and following interventions, it was improved to 73 (89%). Only seven (8.5%) subjects have reported ADRs in before intervention phase that were increased significantly to 18 (22%) after intervention. Conclusion: Clinical pharmacists' interventions were successful in improvement of healthcare workers' knowledge, attitude and perception about ADRs and spontaneous reporting in our hospital.

This article is from BMJ Open , volume 2 . Abstract Purpose: Healthcare workers have a main role in detection, assessment and spontaneous reporting of adverse drug reactions (ADRs), and improvement of their related knowledge, attitude and perception is essential. The goal of this study was evaluation of clinical pharmacists' interventions in improvement of knowledge, attitude and perception of healthcare workers about ADRs in a teaching referral hospital, Tehran, Iran. Method: Changes in knowledge, attitude and perception of healthcare workers of Imam teaching hospital about ADRs were evaluated before and after clinical pharmacists' interventions including workshops, meetings and presentations. Results: From the 100 participated subjects, 82 of them completed the study. 51% of the health workers have been aware of the Iranian Pharmacovigilance Center at the ministry of health before intervention and after that all the participants knew this centre. About awareness and detection of ADRs in patients, 69 (84.1%) healthcare workers recognised at least one, and following interventions, it was improved to 73 (89%). Only seven (8.5%) subjects have reported ADRs in before intervention phase that were increased significantly to 18 (22%) after intervention. Conclusion: Clinical pharmacists' interventions were successful in improvement of healthcare workers' knowledge, attitude and perception about ADRs and spontaneous reporting in our hospital.

Background: There is a prevalence of vitiligo in Saudi Arabia, with low reports regarding the burden of the disease. Thus, the current study aimed to assess the knowledge and perception of vitiligo in Saudi Arabia. 

Background: Bariatric surgeries were among the common solutions provided by nutritionists and physicians to avoid obesity complications, especially among chronic diseases patients.

The present study has been conducted to know the knowledge, attitude and perception of B.sc nursing students regarding Covid 19 vaccines. In order to achieve the objectives quantitative approach with survey design was adopted. Setting of the study selected was Baba college of nursing and F.I college of nursing, Lucknow. The selection of the sample was done by using non probability convenient sampling technique. The sample size was 102. The method of data collection was using demographic variables and structured questionnaire on knowledge, attitude and perception regarding covid 19 vaccination. Results shown that the participant had adequate knowledge, positive attitude and good perception regarding covid 19 vaccines. Dr. Jubin Varghese | Bhoopendra Singh Yadav | Dr. Saniya Susan Issac "A Survey to Assess the Knowledge, Attitude and Perception of BSC Nursing Students Regarding Covid-19 Vaccines at Selected College of Nursing Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-1 , December 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47729.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/47729/a-survey-to-assess-the-knowledge-attitude-and-perception-of-bsc-nursing-students-regarding-covid19-vaccines-at-selected-college-of-nursing-lucknow-uttar-pradesh/dr-jubin-varghese

In this project, we want to understand how (a) the use of psychological terms and (b) the salience of technical details in descriptions of intelligent devices influence how people perceive them in terms of personhood (or mindedness), trust, and blameworthiness. Using a series of vignettes that describe a hypothetical smart home assistant, we will examine whether differences in how these systems are described influence how these systems are regarded (how people attribute responsibility, trust, and moral status to them).

This is an amendment to the previous preregistration. Due to resources constraints, we aimed to collect data from 400 participants (as opposed to 550, as previously registered). A pilot study suggested that our effect sizes were larger than expected (at d = .3), suggesting that we might be able to detect the effect with less participants than we initially thought.

This public document was automatically mirrored from PDFy . Original filename: 1996 Waldstein, Relationships between word knowledge and visual speech perception. II. Subjective ratings of word familiarity.pdf URL: http://pdf.yt/d/8oZVfqBP1WIeUWpI Upload date: May 25, 2014 20:36:19

This public document was automatically mirrored from PDFy . Original filename: 1996 Waldstein, Relationships between word knowledge and visual speech perception. II. Subjective ratings of word familiarity.pdf URL: http://pdf.yt/d/8oZVfqBP1WIeUWpI Upload date: May 25, 2014 20:36:19

The construction industry is the second largest industry of the country after agriculture. Construction activity is an integral part of country’s infrastructure and industrial development and is poised for further growth on account of industrialization, urbanization, economic development and people’s rising expectations for improved quality of living. It includes hospitals, schools, townships, offices, houses and other buildings urban infrastructure including water supply, sewerage, drainage highways, roads, ports, railways, airports, power systems irrigation and agriculture systems, telecommunications, etc. Building foundations, sidewalks, sewer lines, and roads can cause numerous changes in the environment. Post construction landscaping such as installing underground sprinklers, laying sod grass, and planting flowers and shrubs can further change the environment. Many of these changes can be devastating to trees. Appropriate engineering and natural compensation solutions can often prevent the common problems of tree damage, dieback or removal and are essential during the execution of construction works that expose trees to particular stresses.The discussion of engineering solutions, such as isolation of the root system zone, education of workers, etc. is provided in this paper. In this case study, the major focus is on the awareness of the people for tree protection at construction site and a survey to know the thoughts of experts, experienced, students over in the form of a survey. Sakshee Singh | Rakesh Sakale | Hirendra Pratap Singh "Tree Protection on Construction Site - Knowledge and Perception of Polish Professionals" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-5 , August 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd32995.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/32995/tree-protection-on-construction-site--knowledge-and-perception-of-polish-professionals/sakshee-singh

The project addresses a growing public health concern related to pelvic floor dysfunctions (PFDs), such as urinary incontinence (UI) and pelvic organ prolapse (POP), which significantly affect women’s quality of life. Despite the availability of conservative treatment options, including pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT), awareness and knowledge about these issues remain limited. Therefore, the research focuses on both theoretical and practical goals. Theoretical goals include analyzing the level of knowledge across three distinct groups—perinatal women, healthy women, and those experiencing pelvic floor dysfunctions—and identifying factors that may influence awareness in each group. Practically, the study aims to validate and culturally adapt two specific questionnaires—PIKQ and PFMT-P—designed to assess women’s knowledge about UI, POP, and PFMT, and to evaluate their perceptions and motivations related to pelvic floor muscle training. The research project aims to evaluate the level of awareness among women regarding pelvic floor disorders and to adapt diagnostic tools for Polish conditions. The project involves multi-phase methodological approach: 1. Translation and back-translation of the original instruments (from English to Polish and vice versa). 2. Expert validation by a multidisciplinary team, including urogynecological physiotherapists, linguists, and health researchers. 3. Pilot testing to assess comprehensibility and cultural relevance. 4. Cultural adaptation to ensure linguistic and contextual consistency across Polish regions. 5. Psychometric evaluation, including analysis of reliability (e.g., Cronbach’s alpha) and validity (construct and content). 6. Large-scale validation in the target population. Validation studies will be conducted on a representative target group (e.g., women in the perinatal period, women with symptoms of pelvic floor dysfunction – PFD). At this stage, the PFDI-20 questionnaire will be used as a reference tool to assess convergent validity. This will allow for the evaluation of whether a higher level of knowledge (PIKQ) and a more positive perception of training (PFMT-P) are associated with lower symptom bother related to PFD. Comparison of results: An analysis will be conducted to examine the relationship between scores on the PIKQ, PFMT-P, and PFDI-20 across different subgroups of participants (e.g., healthy vs. symptomatic). This will enable the assessment of the validity and usefulness of the adapted tools. 7. Finalization and implementation of the validated tools. Expected outcomes include: • Creation of reliable and culturally appropriate tools (PIKQ and PFMT-P) for assessing women’s awareness and perceptions of pelvic floor health. • Evidence-based support for healthcare professionals in tailoring educational and therapeutic interventions. • Enhancement of public health campaigns and preventive strategies regarding pelvic floor dysfunctions in Poland. By providing comprehensive insight into the level of knowledge and awareness among different groups of women, the project is expected to contribute to more effective education, earlier identification of pelvic floor disorders, and improved health outcomes in this area. Ethical Considerations: The project has received ethical approval from the University Ethics Committee of the University of Opole (Poland) under the reference number 2/2025. Permission has been obtained from the original authors of the questionnaires for their translation, validation, and cultural adaptation for use in the Polish context.

This project is an initial project that aims to translate, validate and conduct a reliability assessment of a designed questionnaire.

Although it is commonly assumed that increases in mathematical knowledge and problem-solving skill alter one's understanding of mathematical problems, little research exists to support this assumption. The present study investigated the relationship between mathematical background and problem perception in two experiments. Experiment 1 employed hierarchical clustering analysis to compare the way that experts (nine mathematics professors) sorted 32 mathematics problems typical of college mathematics courses with the way that novices (19 undergraduates) sorted the same problems. The experimenters assigned an a priori mathematical "surface structure" and a mathematical "deep structure" characterizations to each problem. "Surface structure" refers to the items described in the problems themselves. "Deep structure" refers to the mathematical principles necessary for solution. Results indicated that the two groups use different criteria for considering problems to be related. Experiment 2 compared changes in mathematics problem perception of students who took a computer course during the same time period. Training in problem solving resulted in the experimental group's problem perception being more differentiated and more like that of experts. Appendices contain the 32 problems used in the experiments and the mathematics pretest. (Author/RL)

This collection of abstracts is part of a continuing series providing information on recent doctoral dissertations. The 21 titles deal with a variety of topics, including the following: children's development of syntactic aspects of reading comprehension, the relative contributions of the individual and the text in the comprehension and retention of connected discourse, the relationship between semantic memory retrieval abilities and prose memory outcomes, the perception of shape and letter cues in reading, factors related to the amount of subvocalization exhibited during reading, a mathematical model of word recognition strategies, the effect of prose organization upon recall organization, the resolution of anaphora in written discourse, the relative efficiency of silent and oral reading performance, the effects of oral and written language patterns on comprehension among beginning readers, the context bound effects of picture-text amalgams, the influence of reading ability and mode of presented information on the perception of events, the structure of semantic memory for text, the influence of world knowledge and metacomprehension ability on children's comprehension of short narrative passages, and children's sensitivity to the relative importance of parts of prose. (GT)

This study aims to replicate previous findings on confidence biases in both perceptual and general knowledge tasks within the same group of participants. By employing a dual-decision task framework to measure confidence biases implicitly, we expect participants to exhibit underconfidence in perceptual tasks involving numerosity discrimination and overconfidence in general knowledge tasks about GDP per capita. Data will be analyzed using a biased-Bayesian observer model to measure confidence biases relative to an ideal Bayesian benchmark.

This project compares predictive fingertip forces and perceptions of heaviness across a group of children with probable developmental coordination disorder and a group of typically-developing children. There was no evidence for a difference between the groups in either of these metrics.

Classically, anthropomorphism in social robotics has been studied along different axes. The first is to look at individuals' attitudes towards robots. For example, in a recent literature review, Naneva and colleagues (2020) showed how the prior knowledge that individuals have about robots can influence their perceptions and motivation to interact with them. Similarly, Navena and colleagues (2020) showed that attitudes toward robots can change following interaction with them. Nevertheless, the link between attitudes and anthropomorphism remains poorly understood. Another line of research in HRI has focused on the inferences at stake during an IHR. For example, studies have focused on how a robot's behavior influences our perception of its intelligence (Salem et al., 2013; Morewedge et al., 2010). The main objective of this research is to identify and understand how individuals’ prior knowledge (attitudes, expectations) can influence anthropomorphic inferences. We assume that the perception of the robot that will result from these inferences will in turn influence the interaction with the robot. In other words, we will test a dynamic model of how individuals' perceptions of robots are formed. We will distinguish an initial perception of the robot (before verbal interaction), an intermediate perception (visual examination of the robot), and a final perception of the robot (after verbal interaction). The initial perception would result from the attitudes of the individuals and the appearance of the robot. It would generate a certain number of expectations towards the robot. And the final perception would depend on the fact that these expectations are met or even exceeded during the interaction. Research conducted previously within the field of robotics has resulted in a few assumptions being made, on which we have relied to define the different models to be tested. To begin with we know that people have a preexisting attitude towards robots prior to their initial encounter with a robot. Some research within the field of robotics has shown that when we encounter a robot for the first time, our initial impression of it is based on its appearance. A few researchers have explored how the morphology and functionality of a robot can affect the definition of expectations in human-robot interaction (HRI) contexts. For example, a robot that resembles a human can enable an untrained user to understand and predict the behavior of the technological social agent (Zlotowski et al., 2014). Furthermore, we also know that individuals will have expectations before interacting with a robot and these expectations will influence anthropomorphization (Edwards et al., 2015; 2019). Which allows us to establish what would compose our model. First, there is the attitudes that people have towards robots. Then there is the first impression they form during their initial encounter. In addition, there is the expectations created before interacting with the robot and Anthropomorphization time 1 (Intermediate perception). And then there is the formation of the final perception (anthropormorphization time 2).

Introduction: COVID-19 is probably the most recent example of an unavoidable illness the world is facing. The basic knowledge regarding the disease affects the perception of risk of acquiring the illness and using precautionary practices to prevent it.

The purpose of the present study was to test the utility of a model of young children's social cognition as a predictor of preschoolers' social competence with same-age peers. The model investigated in this study proposes that three, relatively independent, domains of social-cognitive processes are pertinent to young children's peer relations. The first of these processing skills, social knowledge, was conceptualized as a repertoire of social strategies. The second skill, social perception, was conceptualized as both the accurate encoding of relevant social cues and the positive interpretation of social cues that have been encoded. The final element of this model of social cognition is young children's relationship goals and expectations, or the extent to which preschoolers would like to play with other children and feel that other children would like to play with them. Subjects in this study were 34 4- and 5-year-old children who completed multiple assessments that were developed or adapted to measure each of these domains with preschoolers. Results indicated that measures of each of the three hypothesized domains were associated with measures of children's peer competence. Furthermore, measures of aspects of two of the domains - the quality of social knowledge and positive interpretation of social cues - independently predicted teacher-rated peer competence when the subjects' general verbal ability was statistically controlled. These results are interpreted as evidence that multiple, at least partially independent, social cognitive processes may guide children's social behavior. Associations among measures of the three hypothesized domains of social cognition suggest that the hypothesis that these domains are independent may not be entirely adequate. Furthermore, the pattern of associations among measures of these domains and measures of children's verbal ability and peer competence provide some evidence that a two-factor model may provide a more accurate and parsimonious description of young children's social cognitive processing. (Contains 11 tables.) [Master Theses, Auburn University.]

Introduction: Direct exposure to solar radiation frequently can drastically increase the probabilities of skin cancer. However, this may be avoided via way of means of sunscreen use which is considered as an essential safety measure in opposition to the harmful effects of the Solar’s ultraviolet rays on our skin. 

Health belief and operational models are important in contextualizing enablers and barriers to a given health care process or health intervention in a specific or diverse setting. The purpose of the study is to appraise from patients’ perspectives the approach of care and follow up for hypertensive patients in Fako Division in the Southwest Region of Cameroon, its suitability and recommending for a more comprehensive and adaptable approach. Concerning the theoretical scope, the study was guided by The Health Belief Model HBM , The Theory of Human caring and the Theory of Health Promotion Model. It was a hospital based cross sectional study that employed concurrent triangulation mixed methods combining qualitative and quantitative survey approaches. All hypertensive patients out and inpatients and their care givers visiting the hospital during the study period as well as all health care providers and managers in the study setting were involved conveniently. Two hospitals were randomly selected one public and one faith based hospital from among all the hospitals in the 4 main subdivisions of Fako, making a total of 8 hospitals of secondary and or tertiary levels of health facilities. Data were collected using a semi structured questionnaire. An application to carry out the research was sent to the ethical review board of the University of Bamenda. Upon approval, Data were collected while abiding to the necessary ethical requirements. Data were digitalized with the support of EpiData version 3.1, and analyzed descriptively and inferentially using SPSS 21.0. As for the textual data qualitative data , their abstraction was reduced following the process of thematic analysis with the support of Atlas Ti .2. The findings unfold that Hypertension was mostly perceived to be controlled not treated with major emphasis placed on prevention. It was recommended the complementarity between pharmacological and non pharmacological approaches of treatment, with particular attention paid to prevention. It was generally perceived that prescription was by the doctor or physician though few acknowledged prescription by nurses. Number of barriers were identified and urged to be resolved. Compliance to treatment as well as treatment outcome were hindered by several factors, notably the diversity of treatment guidelines, the high cost of treatment, the inadequate availability of drugs, the ineffectiveness of drugs, resistance to drugs, inadequacy of staff and motivation, inadequate competent staff, poverty of patients, inadequacy of equipment notably BP machines that equally hinder self monitoring by patients, non compliance to treatment by patients, challenging home follow up, enslavement of some areas, poor mobile network coverage in some areas, socio political crisis, and psychological problems such as medication phobia and defection pessimism. Magdaline Injoh Tangi | Moses Samje | Gerald Ngo Teke | Nana Celestin "Knowledge, Attitude and Perception of Hypertensive Patients Toward Their Care and Follow UP in Fako Division, Southwest Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-1 , February 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd73851.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/pathology/73851/knowledge-attitude-and-perception-of-hypertensive-patients-toward-their-care-and-follow-up-in-fako-division-southwest-region-of-cameroon/magdaline-injoh-tangi

214 pages ; 23 cm

Pertussis is widely spreading in the world, including Pakistan. The current study aims to evaluate the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of future healthcare workers toward pertussis. 

Using surveys we will examine the development of knowledge in teachers about research-based learning strategies and how they use these strategies in their own teaching. The aim is to capture teachers' perception at different points in time to check for changes.

Using surveys we will examine the development of knowledge in teachers about research-based learning strategies and how they use these strategies in their own teaching. The aim is to capture teachers' perception at different points in time to check for changes.

Using surveys we will examine the development of knowledge in teachers about research-based learning strategies and how they use these strategies in their own teaching. The aim is to capture teachers' perception at different points in time to check for changes.

Vaiśeṣikā Philosophy i.e. Philosophy of Kaṇāda is vast and scientific on philosophical base. Here we have taken only a part and i.e. process of cognition / perception / knowledge acquired by human being.

This article is from Perspectives in Clinical Research , volume 3 . Abstract Objective:: The objective was to assess knowledge, attitude and perceptions/practices (KAP) of medical practitioners (MPs) in India towards Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) reporting. Materials and Methods:: A questionnaire was designed for assessment of KAP of medical practitioners in India toward ADR reporting. This questionnaire was administered to 2-3 medical practitioners from each zone prior to administering final questionnaire which was approved by Disha Independent Ethics Committee, Mumbai. 1200 medical practitioners (about 300 from each zone) from India were selected randomly. Results:: 1000 medical practitioners out of 1200 (90%), selected at random were approached. A total of 870 provided responses to the questionnaire, giving a response rate of 73% of 1200 selected randomly. A total of 47.5% respondents reported that they were aware of Government ADR centers. A total of 59.2% reported that they are familiar with the procedure of reporting ADRs to Government centers. However, only 18.5% of MPs have reported the observed ADRs to Government ADR centers. As against this relatively large number of MPs (87.9%) have reported ADRs observed during their routine practice to medical representatives of pharmaceutical company and NGOs (non-Govt. Organizations). A total of 80.5% of respondents agreed that safety plays an important role and 96% reported that ADR centers are useful. However, only 55.6% of respondents have reported that there is a need for ADR centers. Conclusion:: The study reveals that practitioners are aware of ADR reporting; their perception toward ADR reporting is right but it is not reflected when it comes to the act of reporting of ADRs. In our sample of 870 respondents only 18.5 % reported ADRs to some organizations. Only 5% of respondents recorded the details of ADR and reported to the manufacturer and 1% of respondents to government health ministry. Thus, medical practitioners in India appear to have a good knowledge about ADR reporting, the right perception toward ADR reporting. However, as far as practice of ADR reporting is concerned it is discouraging.

This article is from ecancermedicalscience , volume 2 . Abstract Objective:: The benefit of mammography is overestimated among UK women, although the National Health Service (NHS) offers comprehensive information about breast screening with its official pamphlet. This study examined how women in the UK construct their views of mammography and how they interpret the information in the NHS pamphlets and newspaper articles about breast screening. Methods:: Focus groups and individual interviews with 11 female participants aged 26–58 were conducted using a baseline questionnaire. Results:: Many participants possessed knowledge about mammography, which differed from the medical consensus. Various factors, including self-beliefs, experience of breast cancer or being screened with a mammogram and stories from friends and relatives, could influence the participant’s view about breast screening with a mammogram. Sceptical attitudes towards the media description of breast screening issues were revealed. The participants felt that the NHS pamphlets offered enough information about breast screening. Conclusion:: The women in this study showed that people may not be surrounded by the practical information sources to know about mammogram efficacy until they are invited to the breast screening. In order to achieve democratic discussion over breast screening, including mammography, the NHS and mass media have room for further cooperation to provide the full picture of breast screening to the public.

Poliomyelitis is a highly contagious & viral disease that mainly affects young children. Despite the efforts of national and international organizations, polio has not been eradicated from Pakistan, which is one of three remaining polio-endemic countries in the world. Study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices among people regarding polio immunization in Lahore Pakistan. A cross-sectional study involving 300 participants was conducted from November 2018 to March 2019 in Lahore, Pakistan. Both male and female were included. Results showed that significant association was found between different statements of knowledge and age (p=0.005 and p=0.003), gender (p= 0.021), qualification (p=0.003, p<0.001, p= 0.021, p=0.001, and p=0.029), residential status (p=0.039, p=0.008 and p=0.001), employment status (p=0.030), monthly income (p=0.005, p=0.027, p=0.020,p=0.044 and p=0.002) and people having children less than 5 years of age (p=0.003). Significant association was found between different statements of attitude and gender (p=0.030), qualification (p=0.015and p=0.022), residential status (p=0.030), employment status ( p=0.011), monthly income (p=0.031) and people having children less than 5 years of age (p=0.033 and p=0.039). Significant association was also found between different statements of perception and age (p=0.008, p=0.001 and p=0.036), qualification (p=0.004, p=0.002, p= 0.001, p=0.002, and p=0.011, p=0.004, p=0.015, p= 0.001 and p=0.004), residential status (p=0.023, p=0.004, p=0.028 and p=0.014), employment status (p=0.015, p=0.007 and p=0.01), monthly income (p=0.048, p=0.021, and p=0.040) and people having children less than 5 years of age (p=0.037, p=0.027 and p=0.021). It is concluded that most of the participants had adequate knowledge & wanted the complete elimination of polio from Pakistan but there are still few people who have improper knowledge & they don’t believe in these campaigns which lead to failure of eradicating polio.

Poliomyelitis is a highly contagious & viral disease that mainly affects young children. Despite the efforts of national and international organizations, polio has not been eradicated from Pakistan, which is one of three remaining polio-endemic countries in the world. Study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices among people regarding polio immunization in Lahore Pakistan. A cross-sectional study involving 300 participants was conducted from November 2018 to March 2019 in Lahore, Pakistan. Both male and female were included. Results showed that significant association was found between different statements of knowledge and age (p=0.005 and p=0.003), gender (p= 0.021), qualification (p=0.003, p<0.001, p= 0.021, p=0.001, and p=0.029), residential status (p=0.039, p=0.008 and p=0.001), employment status (p=0.030), monthly income (p=0.005, p=0.027, p=0.020,p=0.044 and p=0.002) and people having children less than 5 years of age (p=0.003). Significant association was found between different statements of attitude and gender (p=0.030), qualification (p=0.015and p=0.022), residential status (p=0.030), employment status ( p=0.011), monthly income (p=0.031) and people having children less than 5 years of age (p=0.033 and p=0.039). Significant association was also found between different statements of perception and age (p=0.008, p=0.001 and p=0.036), qualification (p=0.004, p=0.002, p= 0.001, p=0.002, and p=0.011, p=0.004, p=0.015, p= 0.001 and p=0.004), residential status (p=0.023, p=0.004, p=0.028 and p=0.014), employment status (p=0.015, p=0.007 and p=0.01), monthly income (p=0.048, p=0.021, and p=0.040) and people having children less than 5 years of age (p=0.037, p=0.027 and p=0.021). It is concluded that most of the participants had adequate knowledge & wanted the complete elimination of polio from Pakistan but there are still few people who have improper knowledge & they don’t believe in these campaigns which lead to failure of eradicating polio.

This article is from BMC Women's Health , volume 13 . Abstract Background: Mother-to-Child Transmission (MTCT) has been identified as the greatest means of HIV infection among children. Adherence to antiretroviral drugs is necessary to prevent drug resistance and MTCT of HIV among HIV positive women. However, there is a gap in clients’ knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and Prevention of Mother-To-Child Transmission (PMTCT) which influence their decision to adhere to ART. Methods: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional employing both qualitative and quantitative methods. The study involved 229 HIV positive women in reproductive age (18 – 49 years) and had been on ART for at least six months. Fourteen health workers were also included in the qualitative study. Respondents were selected from three ART centers in the Kumasi Metropolis through systematic random sampling from August to November 2011. HIV positive women who had consistently missed two or more ART appointments within the previous two months were classified as defaulters. Data was analyzed with SPSS 19 and STATA 11. Logistic regression was run to assess the odds ratios at 95% confidence level. Results: The ART defaulter rate was 27% and clients had good knowledge about ART and PMTCT. More than 90% of the HIV positive women had inadequate knowledge about ART and PMTCT and these women were more likely to default ART (OR = 3.5; 95% CI = 1.89, 6.21). The educational background of HIV positive women did not have significant influence on their knowledge of ART and PMTCT. Conclusions: Mothers, knowledge and understanding of ART and PMTCT could influence their adherence to ART. Educational interventions which target the understanding of both the literate and illiterate women in society are necessary to develop positive behaviors and enhance adherence to ART.

This article is from BMC Women's Health , volume 13 . Abstract Background: Mother-to-Child Transmission (MTCT) has been identified as the greatest means of HIV infection among children. Adherence to antiretroviral drugs is necessary to prevent drug resistance and MTCT of HIV among HIV positive women. However, there is a gap in clients’ knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and Prevention of Mother-To-Child Transmission (PMTCT) which influence their decision to adhere to ART. Methods: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional employing both qualitative and quantitative methods. The study involved 229 HIV positive women in reproductive age (18 – 49 years) and had been on ART for at least six months. Fourteen health workers were also included in the qualitative study. Respondents were selected from three ART centers in the Kumasi Metropolis through systematic random sampling from August to November 2011. HIV positive women who had consistently missed two or more ART appointments within the previous two months were classified as defaulters. Data was analyzed with SPSS 19 and STATA 11. Logistic regression was run to assess the odds ratios at 95% confidence level. Results: The ART defaulter rate was 27% and clients had good knowledge about ART and PMTCT. More than 90% of the HIV positive women had inadequate knowledge about ART and PMTCT and these women were more likely to default ART (OR = 3.5; 95% CI = 1.89, 6.21). The educational background of HIV positive women did not have significant influence on their knowledge of ART and PMTCT. Conclusions: Mothers, knowledge and understanding of ART and PMTCT could influence their adherence to ART. Educational interventions which target the understanding of both the literate and illiterate women in society are necessary to develop positive behaviors and enhance adherence to ART.

Dialogue(s): parmenides;elements-of-theology Chapters: hyp2;prop177;prop059 Sections: 155d Attendees: Pierre, Barbara, David, JulieH, Eldar, Josh, (Jed and JeffS arrived late) [Parmenides study proper starts at 53:56, when Pierre challenges us to see how Parmenides needs Time (in the 2nd hyp sense, i.e., starting at 151e) in order to reach the final conclusion (of hyp2) regarding Knowledge, Opinion, and Perception of the Self (at P237, 155d).] 0:00:00 Barbara wonders about the word "Betrayal" in the title of Pierre's July 2016 APPA article, The Betrayal of Philosophy: Rediscovering the Self in Plato's Parmenides . 0:04:13 Barbara offers a slight revision of the passage at 152a (P185) which she had translated and given to us at our Wednesday meeting . (The full quote plus her footnotes is available as a PDF document .) On the other hand, is “to be” anything other than the participation of ousia coincident with time being present, even as “to be (past)” is the participation of ousia coincident with time that has gone past, and in turn “to be (future)” is participation of ousia coincident with time destined to be, [this] is communion. 0:06:53 What is the origin of (this kind of) ignorance (i.e., that of never translating autos as Self, and/or having meaning)? Are there significant works from our culture (even the 50's) that use the word, 'Self'? How significant were those works? Carl Jung brought this word in Tibetan Buddhism - the idea of the Self plays a major role. Krishnamrti. 11:30 So how do we account for the fact that it (autos/Self) is there, not just modestly, but 100's of times. And ignored. Does this require an explanation? Neoplatonists even against it. Dillon - low level of translation. An empiricist. Eg, 'logos': He translates it, but only as 'reason(ed) principle'. But the logos is not merely this. Metaphysics - seen as "a poetic conceit" by classicists UCI - logical positivists. Dead classics dept. Claremont - open to non-literal views of New Testament, but only from a 'relativist' position Translating Plato's Republic - Philosopher-king's training: "What after all is the One-SELF?" So what happened to the rest of culture? What kind of ignorance is that? Loyalty. But what kind? 23:04 Typical example: Dillon's view of Iamblichus is that no philosopher would ever consider the separation of the soul from the body other than magical thinking (see beginning of Monday's talk , where Pierre reads this out loud). 24:51 German thinkers wanted to say that Plotinus is not Platonic, and 'mysticism' is foreign to Plato, and Plotinus' fault 26:00 Hathaway - could not gain tenure at UCSB because of the book he wrote, even though he gave an apology in the intro to his work. Same with Dodds. Same with Ken King. We cannot project our best into the past, only the future (sci-fi). Herman Hesse, Magister Ludi ("The Glass Bead Game") 28:39 PG to JH: Where do you see the reluctance to explore the idea of the One in your field? (psychology) JH: relativists, no one wants to say there is any truth, only that everyone is entitled to their own opinion PG: Would you lose your job if you maintained a claim to truth? 30:30 What the Republic calls "arithmetic" is not arithmetic. It is about the Self. People think you can have a Self, but not reach truth and everything is relative. This are contradictory positions, IF your view of the Self includes the idea of One. Barbara: What if you (JH) taught to the Self and asks similar questions How did Western culture miss the Greeks? Gibbon's answer: this is owed to the rise of Christianity 42:00 Only now with the appearance of the Nag Hammadi texts that they are beginning to question Christianity more, and how its "formal doctrine" emerged in the 4th century (as the result of 4 patriarchs and 3 queens). (quote?) The social conditions that existed at that time required the government to impose its own logos onto Christianity. The chaos from the 3rd to the 4th century was so intense because everyone had a right to believe what they wanted. The gospels disagreed. So families, communities, etc., all disagreeing because of various readings. Mobs, even. Christianity at that time admitted of such a wide range of views that this was problematic. So they had to codify it. The whole issue was over whether Jesus had 1 or 2 natures (human, vs divine+human). Depending on which view you took, you could build a whole theology on top of it. The impact of that brought about the Dark Ages. (Brier, history ofthe classical Roman period, 2nd vol on the Roman age). "And so began a dark period of Europe." (Rise of Christianity, domination of the Church and European culture..) Christianity taking over about 330-340. DC: There has to be a way to resurrect the Self in modern education. (But good luck with that.) It will spell the end of Christianity, for one reason: It's totally irrelevant. Many people have a loyalty to their beliefs (e.g., the idea of original sin). The one fundamental belief necessary for being Christian is not found in the 4 gospels: 'we have fallen and we are sinners and Jesus is the way to redeem our sin, and it's only through Jesus as our savior that we are redeemed'. So introducing the One-Self will threaten that. 0:53:56 How does the conclusion (to hyp2) follow from everything that preceeds it? 155d5 (P236, P237). There will be knowledge, opinion, and perception of the Self. You have to show that this is true based on the preceeding reasoning. And part of this is showing the importance of Time to the reasoning. P238. A name and a logos (about the) Self. DC: knowledge, opinion, perception: These are as close to the Divided Line (from The Republic) as you can get. Which means that somehow the DL accounts for a method to get to the Self. 59:20 Barbara, 'perception' of the Self? (perception (aisthesis / αἴσθησις ) is a word usually used to refer to physical phenomena (i.e., sense perception), but the Self would not be visible that way, so why use that term?) Lexicon: could also be a perception using the Mind. also, perception / αἴσθησις has been used elsewhere in regard to 'touch' as well. Barbara does a Word search (probably TLG) for perception / αἴσθησις in the Parmenides: Only 3 places: 155d6 (hyp2), 142a4 (hyp1), 164b1 (hyp7). 1:10:00 1:12:45 Shouldn't the one in the 7th be in the 6th? Is there any consistency between the hypotheses in the way in which we have arranged them, which is: 2 is to 3 as 4 is to 5 AS 6 is to 7 as 8 is to 9 ? If so, the conclusions to 6 should be similar to the conclusions to 2. So, if we find this piont about perception being made in the 7th, and not in the 6th, that raises a question, doesn't it? However there is a kinship between 2 and 3, so maybe also 6 and 7. Divided Line No role for 'perception' in the Cave or the Divided Line. 1:18:44 Does 3 embrace elements of the 2nd? 157a (P21) in hyp3. These are the major categories of the 2nd. Therefore 3rd is more inclusive than the 2nd, but without specifying all the terms from the 2nd, maybe? I.e.: Are there grounds in the 2nd for 'Cognition' (i.e., knowledge, opinion, perception) (these at the end of the hyp2). Then are there also similar grounds for these in the 3rd? (i.e., cognition in the 3rd)? Surfacing symmetries between hypotheses which we have not before (2/3 and 6/7) 1:25:15 Does knowledge presuppose time? And in what way? (a la Barbara's re-translation) Barbara reads her latest update (v2) of her translation of 152a (P185) i P284: huparchei (ὑπάρχει) - already in existence DC's on-the-fly transl: "One the one hand, to be is fundamentally co-originated (?) with Self, if indeed it is One." 1:34:55 Do you see that? Then that's knowledge. Had he used dianoia (understanding), we'd all agree. But "knowledge" at this point? Logos 1:38:45 Procession / reversion Elements of Theology(*) Proposition 177 Is theology an example of knowledge? And is it consistent with the 2nd hypothesis? with Ontos? What's the relationship between knowledge and intelligence? In this book (Elements of THeology), knowledge must be in the realm of the intelligible. Reading 177 This is one of the problems with Proclus: Do you want to say that all intelligence is the complete set of all forms, both universal and specific? DC adds: all real beings Barbara adds: and therefore all knowledge? Barbara: how about the One-Self? Outside those categories? Searching in the index of Dodds' translation of Proclus' Elements of Theology for autos and for logos. No autos! But logos, there are 3. 1:51:38 2nd line on page 58 (the Greek). Pierre asks DC to translate on fly. Elements of Theology, Prop 59: καì έπὶ πάντων ὸ αύτόσ έστι λόγοσ. / kai epi panton ho autos esti logos. (p.58) The Self is the Logos and over all. Lesser translation: "And the same reasoning applies to all other terms." (Dodds' translation). David's transl: "With respect to all else, the Self is the Logos." Or maybe, "Over all other things, the Self is the Logos." or "And over all, the Self is Logos." etc ('This better than the Book of John.') PG: How could someone who translates that not make the connection with John, and ignore the simplest translation of that Greek? How could someone (i.e., Dodds) look at that, render it, "reasoning", ignore the idea of Self as well as the Logos, in one sentence? JS's question: Huh? Self equated with Logos? DC: any self. Whatever is simple in its being may be either superior to composite things, or inferior to them. So, "any Self". Thus Justinian closed the Platonic Academy. Continuing to work on the translation. Masculine article (the, 'ho') and logos. So, then, "And over all, Self is the Logos"? 2:05:00 Issue of 'autos' with an article in front of it: We had previously agreed that with an article, it should be translated, 'same', not 'Self'. Join together same and Self in same ? 2:09:55 "What is his name?" (on first page of Parmenides): for the Greeks, the word autos could mean either self or same. 2:18:40 meaning of 'Antiphon' - anti + phon ----------- (*) The Elements of Theology (by Proclus). E.R. Dodds, translator. Oxford University Press 1963. ISBN-10 0198141602, or 0198140975 Clarendon Press1992, etc. Working from Plato's Parmenides: The Juan and Maria Balboa Translation More info: http://noeticsociety.org/psg Image Astronomical Clock (Astronomical Dial), Prague, Czech Republic courtesy of Flickr user Grufnik under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No-Derivatives 2.0 license when downloaded on 2018-01-06.

This study aims to replicate and extend the findings of former studies ( osf.io/ukzn2) from our research group on the perception of mental disorders within the Stereotype Content Model (e.g., Cuddy, Fiske, & Glick, 2007). These former studies involved a representative sample of the general public (according to age and gender) and a sample of psychotherapists in training. Within the current work including a sample of psychology students we aim a) to replicate previous results from these studies and b) to further investigate whether expertise (i.e. the membership to the sample of the general public, novices or therapists in training) and self-assessed knowledge regarding mental disorders as well as self-assessed personal contact with people having these disorders determine the stereotypical perception of the same. Furthermore gender and age effects will be examined as concerning a gender effect, there exists conflicting evidence while the evidence for an age effect is quite strong (Angermeyer, & Dietrich, 2006).

Introduction: Dental fluorosis in the anterior teeth may raise esthetic concerns in many patients. There are several methods in dentistry to correct esthetic alterations caused by staining. 

The goal of this observational study is to learn about the pregnant women's knowledge, attitude, and perception regarding the use of medications in pregnancy. The main question it aims to answer is: What is the present knowledge, attitude, and perception of pregnant women regarding medication use? Participants (pregnant women) already attending the antenatal clinic for routine follow-up will answer survey questions about their knowledge, attitude, and beliefs about medication use and restriction during pregnancy, as well as the source of their information.

Recent statistics and studies have shown the adverse effects of the novel coronavirus 2019 (nCoV-19) on population health and how knowledge, attitude, and perception (KAP) towards the virus can be the main key to limiting its spread in the absence of a vaccine. Thus, this study aims at mapping evidence on the KAP towards nCoV-19 in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) using scoping review

Recent statistics and studies have shown the adverse effects of the novel coronavirus 2019 (nCoV-19) on population health and how knowledge, attitude, and perception (KAP) towards the virus can be the main key to limiting its spread in the absence of a vaccine. Thus, this study aims at mapping evidence on the KAP towards nCoV-19 in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) using scoping review

Protocol for the scooping review of knowledge, perception and barriers to palliative care among health care professionals