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It is shown that particle motion in a bent (straight) crystal is accompanied by particle spin rotation and oscillations that allows to measure the tensor electric and magnetic polarizabilities of nuclei and elementary particles. It is shown that channelling of particles in either straight or bent crystal with the polarized nuclei could be used both to analyze polarization of high energy particles and polarize them.

It is shown that particle motion in a bent (straight) crystal is accompanied by particle spin rotation and oscillations that allows to measure the tensor electric and magnetic polarizabilities of nuclei and elementary particles. It is shown that channelling of particles in either straight or bent crystal with the polarized nuclei could be used both to analyze polarization of high energy particles and polarize them.

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"On the Absorption of Condensation-Producing Atmospheric Dust by Solid Nuclei and Surfaces, and on the Diffusion Velocity of Supposedly Non-Ionized Dust Particles" is an article from Science, Volume 11 . View more articles from Science . View this article on JSTOR . View this article's JSTOR metadata . You may also retrieve all of this items metadata in JSON at the following URL: https://archive.org/metadata/jstor-1626123

We analyze the elastic scattering of particles interacting with nuclei through vector and axial currents with overall couplings of the order of the Standard Model weak interaction, or smaller; the dominant contribution to the elastic cross section is identified as the coherent component and is therefore spin-independent. Differential and integrated cross sections are obtained for a wide range of incident particle masses and velocities and for nuclear targets with different masses; vector, axial and overall couplings of the incident particle and of the hadronic target to the massive exchanged boson are also kept general. This study naturally encompasses several kinds of possible dark matter components, including active and sterile neutrinos or neutralinos, and addresses the prospects for their direct detection through elastic scattering off nuclei.

Aerosol-cloud interaction studies to date consider aerosol with a substantial fraction of soluble material as the sole source of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Emerging evidence suggests that mineral dust can act as good CCN through water adsorption onto the surface of particles. This study provides a first assessment of the contribution of insoluble dust to global CCN and cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC). Simulations are carried out with the NASA Global Modeling Initiative chemical transport model with an online aerosol simulation, considering emissions from fossil fuel, biomass burning, marine, and dust sources. CDNC is calculated online and explicitly considers the competition of soluble and insoluble CCN for water vapor. The predicted annual average contribution of insoluble mineral dust to CCN and CDNC in cloud-forming areas is up to 40 and 23.8%, respectively. Sensitivity tests suggest that uncertainties in dust size distribution and water adsorption parameters modulate the contribution of mineral dust to CDNC by 23 and 56%, respectively. Coating of dust by hygroscopic salts during the atmospheric aging causes a twofold enhancement of the dust contribution to CCN; the aged dust, however, can substantially deplete in-cloud supersaturation during the initial stages of cloud formation and can eventually reduce CDNC. Considering the hydrophilicity from adsorption and hygroscopicity from solute is required to comprehensively capture the dust-warm cloud interactions. The framework presented here addresses this need and can be easily integrated in atmospheric models.

Contents: Intranuclear Cascades with Many-Body Interactions; Emission of Complex Particles; Fragmentation; Nuclear Fission; and Inelastic Collisions of Nuclei.

The first complete spectrum of neutrons from antiproton induced fission of Uranium has been obtained. Features of the spectrum are explained by three processes: emission of prompt ejectiles driven from the nucleus by pions in the intranuclear cascade, evaporation of neutrons from the excited nucleus before fission, and de-excitation of fission fragments. The temperature of the fission neutrons is about 67% higher than normal fission, indicating large residual energy deposited in the fission fragments. Hence, the fission process serves as a window into the excitation process itself. Results have also been obtained on gamma-rays associated with de-excitation of fission fragments after neutron emission. With respect to normal fission, the relative yield of gamma-rays to neutrons is suppressed, but the temperature of the gamma-rays is higher. Energy transfer by pi-zeros in the intranculear cascade initiated by antiproton annihilation at rest in carbon and uranium has been measured. The prospects for initiating multifragmentation and disintegration of heavy nuclei appear good.

Atomic experiments bring meaningful and valuable information on fundamental symmetries. The hypothesis of a large ($\sim 100$ eV) P-odd weak matrix element between single-particle states in heavy nuclei is inconsistent with the results of atomic PNC experiments. Upper limits on CP-violation obtained in atomic and molecular spectroscopy are as informative as those established in neutron physics. Very strict upper limits on T-odd, P-even interactions (nucleon-nucleon, electron-nucleon, electron-electron, and $\beta$-decay) are derived from the same atomic and neutron experiments.

The study of the peculiarities of the distribution of secondary particles depending on the degree centrality and the degree of asymmetry of the interacting nuclei, is performed. The number of multicharged fragments of the projectile nucleus $N_f$ in interactions sharply asymmetric nuclei depends on the centrality degree of interaction. At that, the events with $N_f$ =1 are separated clearly in the distribution of the total charge of the fragments of a projectile nucleus $Q$ depending on the nature of the correlation of the number of fragments of the target nucleus and the multiplicity of secondary particles.

A method is proposed for finding the dependence of mean multiplicities of secondaries on the nucleus-collision impact parameter from the data on the total interaction ensemble. The impact parameter has been shown to completely define the mean characteristics of an individual interaction event. A difference has been found between experimental results and the data calculated in terms of the cascade-evaporation model at impact-parameter values below 3 fm.

A method is proposed for finding the dependence of mean multiplicities of secondaries on the nucleus-collision impact parameter from the data on the total interaction ensemble. The impact parameter has been shown to completely define the mean characteristics of an individual interaction event. A difference has been found between experimental results and the data calculated in terms of the cascade-evaporation model at impact-parameter values below 3 fm.

A method is proposed for finding the dependence of mean multiplicities of secondaries on the nucleus-collision impact parameter from the data on the total interaction ensemble. The impact parameter has been shown to completely define the mean characteristics of an individual interaction event. A difference has been found between experimental results and the data calculated in terms of the cascade-evaporation model at impact-parameter values below 3 fm.

XVIII, 809 Seiten

The hadron spectroscopy is studied through the use of fractals and discrete scale invariance (DSI) implying log-periodic corrections to continuous scaling. The masses of mesons and baryons, reported by the Particle Data Group (PDG), agree with (DSI), as well as the masses of exotic narrow mesons, baryons, and dibaryons. Two distributions are systematically studied: first the log of the masses versus the log of their rank, and also the successive mass ratios. Each fitted parameter of the second distributions, as a function of the hadronic masses, displays the same shape for all PDG hadronic families and species. The same parameters allow good fits for the narrow exotic mesons, baryons and dibaryons. When the successive mass ratios between different baryon families are constant, this property is not observed between different meson families. Such observation is studied within the double mass ratios eliminating the quark masses, but the difference between baryons and mesons is not understood. The fractal properties and discrete scale invariance model are also used to study nuclei yrast masses as well as excited nuclei level masses of some nuclei. Here also the good agreement between data and fractal property, allows to make some predictions for still unobserved nuclei masses. Fractal properties are also compared to several nuclei data such as : - atomic masses in several columns of the Mendeleev periodic table of elements, - masses of series following $\beta^{+}$ or $\beta^{-}$ disintegrations, - one and two nucleon separation energies, - half-lives of some isotopes, - the four radioactive family periods. Finally, it is shown that the lepton, hadron, and boson masses can be presented in the same frame. This is also partially true for the coupling constants.

It has been shown that the great ancient Pythagorean ideas have found themselves in the latest researches in high energy elementary particles and nuclear physics. In this respect we concern and discuss the mathematical, physical and geometrical aspects of the famous Froissart theorem and in this way one establishes a link of this theorem to the mathematics and ideas elaborated in the Pythagorean school. A harmony of the Froissart theorem in fundamental dynamics of particles and nuclei has been displayed. We argue that a harmony of the Froissart theorem allow us to hear the new notes of {\it ``the music of the spheres"} just in the Pythagoreans sense.

The tensor polarization of particles and nuclei becomes constant in the coordinate system rotating with the same angular velocity as the spin and rotates in the lab frame with the above angular velocity. The general equation defining the time dependence of the tensor polarization is derived. An explicit form of dynamics of this polarization is found in the case when the initial polarization is axially symmetric.

The tensor polarization of particles and nuclei becomes constant in the coordinate system rotating with the same angular velocity as the spin and rotates in the lab frame with the above angular velocity. The general equation defining the time dependence of the tensor polarization is derived. An explicit form of dynamics of this polarization is found in the case when the initial polarization is axially symmetric.

The tensor polarization of particles and nuclei becomes constant in the coordinate system rotating with the same angular velocity as the spin and rotates in the lab frame with the above angular velocity. The general equation defining the time dependence of the tensor polarization is derived. An explicit form of dynamics of this polarization is found in the case when the initial polarization is axially symmetric.

The tensor polarization of particles and nuclei becomes constant in the coordinate system rotating with the same angular velocity as the spin and rotates in the lab frame with the above angular velocity. The general equation defining the time dependence of the tensor polarization is derived. An explicit form of dynamics of this polarization is found in the case when the initial polarization is axially symmetric.

The tensor polarization of particles and nuclei becomes constant in the coordinate system rotating with the same angular velocity as the spin and rotates in the lab frame with the above angular velocity. The general equation defining the time dependence of the tensor polarization is derived. An explicit form of dynamics of this polarization is found in the case when the initial polarization is axially symmetric.

A model for a class of quasars and active galactic nuclei is described in which a shock around a massive black hole randomizes the infall kinetic energy of spherically accreting matter producing a nonthermal spectrum of high energy protons. These protons may be responsible for the secondary production (via tau + or - decay) of the radio emitting high energy electrons and also of high energy gamma rays (via pi decay and inverse Compton interactions of the electrons). The correlation between radio and gamma ray emission implied by the model is in good agreement with observations of 3C273. Observation of the flux of high energy neutrinos from quasars may provide a test for the model.

Theoretical prediction of oscillations of cumulant moments of parton multiplicity distributions inside a jet supported by experimental data in some multiple production processes asks for analysis of the phenomenon for the whole set of available reactions. We have found out that the oscillations persist in any kind of processes and increase for particles with more complicated structure i.e. in the order of ee, eh, hh, hA, AA. The effect is not strongly dependent on the available phase space. Theoretical values of moments for quark and gluon jets up to 5th rank are shown. Zeros of the truncated generating function and singularities of the total generating function are discussed.

Theoretical prediction of oscillations of cumulant moments of parton multiplicity distributions inside a jet supported by experimental data in some multiple production processes asks for analysis of the phenomenon for the whole set of available reactions. We have found out that the oscillations persist in any kind of processes and increase for particles with more complicated structure i.e. in the order of ee, eh, hh, hA, AA. The effect is not strongly dependent on the available phase space. Theoretical values of moments for quark and gluon jets up to 5th rank are shown. Zeros of the truncated generating function and singularities of the total generating function are discussed.

A method is proposed for finding the dependence of mean multiplicities of secondaries on the nucleus-collision impact parameter from the data on the total interaction ensemble. The impact parameter has been shown to completely define the mean characteristics of an individual interaction event. A difference has been found between experimental results and the data calculated in terms of the cascade-evaporation model at impact-parameter values below 3 fm.

A method is proposed for finding the dependence of mean multiplicities of secondaries on the nucleus-collision impact parameter from the data on the total interaction ensemble. The impact parameter has been shown to completely define the mean characteristics of an individual interaction event. A difference has been found between experimental results and the data calculated in terms of the cascade-evaporation model at impact-parameter values below 3 fm.

Marshall and Palmer (1948) have shown that, for rains of a given intensity, there is a definite distribution curve of number of raindrops of a particular range of diameter. The writer has indicated here that the chlorimity of rains also varies with rain intensity. Recently obtained data, concerning atmospheric sea salt, are presented in the form of distribution curves. These curves show the number of sea-salt particles sampled at different altitudes, of a given weight range, plotted against the weight. A computation is made, using a salt-particle distribution curve obtained at cloud levels, in which water is added to each particle until it reaches an assumed chlorimity for a given rain intensity. Each particle is thereby increased in size and becomes a drop of a new weight. The distribution curves of these computed drops are compared to the observed distribution curves of Marshall and Palmer, for various rain intensities and are found to be remarkably similar. This result implies that in the process of growth, the droplets containing each salt particle grow to raindrop size through coalescence with much more numerous and relatively non- saline cloud droplets. The numbers of droplets in cumulus clouds over the sea are compared to the numbers of condensation nuclei in the sub-cloud layer and to the number of larger sea-salt particles. A method of sampling the large sparcely-distributed salt particles in the atmosphere is described briefly.

Based on a Monte Carlo realization of the Dual Parton Model we study the production of target associated particles and of nuclear fragments in high energy hadron-nucleus interactions. A formation zone intranuclear cascade of low energy secondaries inside the target nucleus is discussed. We calculate excitation energies of residual nuclei left after the intranuclear cascade process and treat their further disintegration by introducing models for the evaporation of protons, neutrons, and light fragments, high energy fission, and by applying a Fermi Break-up model to light nuclear fragments. The results are compared to data on target associated particle production. We furthermore calculate cross sections for the production of nuclear fragments.

Airborne measurements of cloud volumes, ice nuclei and cloud condensation nuclei, liquid particles, and aerosol particles were obtained from stabilized ground clouds (SGCs) produced by Titan 3 launches at Kennedy Space Center, 20 August and 5 September 1977. The SGCs were bright, white, cumulus clouds early in their life and contained up to 3.5 g/m3 of liquid in micron to millimeter size droplets. The measured cloud volumes were 40 to 60 cu km five hours after launch. The SGCs contained high concentrations of cloud condensation nuclei active at 0.2%, 0.5%, and 1.0% supersaturation for periods of three to five hours. The SGCs also contained high concentrations of submicron particles. Three modes existed in the particle population: a 0.05 to 0.1 micron mode composed of aluminum-containing particles, a 0.2 to 0.8 micron mode, and a 2.0 to 10 micron mode composed of particles that contained primarily aluminum.

Particles And Nuclei 6e Povh, Rith

(The systematics of photon absorption cross sections in nuclei and small metal particles are examined as a function of the number of constituent fermions $A$. It is pointed out that the shell-structure-linked oscillations in the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the photoneutron cross section in nuclei, earlier recognized for $A > 63$, in fact persist down to the lightest nuclei. Averaging over the oscillations or focusing on the lower envelope of the oscillating curve (magic nuclei), the FWHM is seen to generally decrease with increasing $A$, consistent with $A^{-1/3}$, a dependence which was earlier known to hold in metal particle systems. If the FWHMs are scaled by the respective Fermi energies and the inverse radii by the Fermi wave vectors, the two data sets become comparable in magnitude. A schematic theoretical description of the systematics is presented.)

xvi, 741 p. 26 cm

For 435 accelerator produced antipions jets of 20 GeV/c and 300 GeV, in nuclear emulsion, eta(theta)'s have been individually calculated for each jet, where eta(theta) is a kinematic parameter introduced in order to approximate the LS (laboratory system) rapidity, eta = arctan h (beta cos theta). By taking further averages by dividing the samples into groupings of the LS energy E sub pi = m cos h eta sub pi N sub h, the number of heavy prongs with LS velocity beta 0.7, and n , the number of charged shower particles with LS velocity beta 0.7, much less than eta (theta) much greater than are obtained. By use of the KNO (Koba-Nielsen-Olesen) scaling variable, xi = n sub s/,n sub s. good fit is found of data to regression function.

🇷🇺🥼 The scientists of the National Research Nuclear University #MEPhI have developed a new gravitational model of the internal structure of elementary particles and ⚛ atomic nuclei, which can change modern ideas about #physics. #Science #Physics #Russia #MEPhI #Discovery https://t.co/ByyrQzACsJ Source: https://twitter.com/Russia/status/1175042139664846848 Uploader: Russia 🇷🇺

🇷🇺🥼 The scientists of the National Research Nuclear University #MEPhI have developed a new gravitational model of the internal structure of elementary particles and ⚛ atomic nuclei, which can change modern ideas about #physics. #Science #Physics #Russia #MEPhI #Discovery https://t.co/ByyrQzACsJ Source: https://twitter.com/Russia/status/1175042139664846848 Uploader: Russia 🇷🇺

🇷🇺🥼 The scientists of the National Research Nuclear University #MEPhI have developed a new gravitational model of the internal structure of elementary particles and ⚛ atomic nuclei, which can change modern ideas about #physics. #Science #Physics #Russia #MEPhI #Discovery https://t.co/ByyrQzACsJ Source: https://twitter.com/Russia/status/1175042139664846848 Uploader: Russia 🇷🇺

🇷🇺🥼 The scientists of the National Research Nuclear University #MEPhI have developed a new gravitational model of the internal structure of elementary particles and ⚛ atomic nuclei, which can change modern ideas about #physics. #Science #Physics #Russia #MEPhI #Discovery https://t.co/ByyrQzACsJ Source: https://twitter.com/Russia/status/1175042139664846848 Uploader: Russia 🇷🇺

-history and introduction; the passage of radiations through matter; detection methods for nuclear radiations; particle accelerators; radioactive decay; elements of the nuclear structure and systematics;  alpha emission; gamma emission; beta decay; the two-body systems and nuclear forces; nuclear reactions; neutrons; subnuclear particles, muons; pions; strange particles; appendixes-

The Cosmic Ray System (CRS) experiment on board each of the Voyager 1 and 2 spacecraft consists of four Low Energy Telescopes (LETs), two High Energy Telescopes (HETs), the Electron Telescope (TET), and associated electronics. With these instruments it is possible to measure the energy spectrum of electrons over the 3-110MeV energy range and the energy spectra and nuclear charge of atomic nuclei from hydrogen through zinc over the 3-500 MeV/nuc energy range. The exclusive use of solid-state detectors in the CRS telescopes achieves the objectives of reliability over a long mission life, high resolution determinations of energy and charge, and high-count-rate capability during large solar flares and passage through the magnetospheres of the outer planets. Summarized here are some of the many accomplishments that have resulted from the CRS measurements during the period covered by this report, May 15, 1981 to May 15, 1984, including studies of the energetic oxygen and sulfur nuclei trapped in the Jovian magnetosphere.

General quantum-mechanical description of relativistic particles and nuclei with spin 1/2 channeled in bent crystals is performed with the use of the cylindrical coordinate system. The previously derived Dirac equation in this system is added by terms characterizing anomalous magnetic and electric dipole moments. A transformation to the Foldy-Wouthuysen representation, a derivation of the quantum-mechanical equations of motion for particles and their spins, and a determination of classical limit of these equations are fulfilled in the general case. A physical nature of main peculiarities of description of particles and nuclei in the cylindrical coordinate system is ascertained.

The measured fluxes of secondary particles produced by the interactions of Cosmic Rays (CRs) with the astronomical environment play a crucial role in understanding the physics of CR transport. In this work we present a comprehensive calculation of the secondary hadron, lepton, gamma-ray and neutrino yields produced by the inelastic interactions between several species of stable or long-lived cosmic rays projectiles (p, D, T, 3He, 4He, 6Li, 7Li, 9Be, 10Be, 10B, 11B, 12C, 13C, 14C, 14N, 15N, 16O, 17O, 18O, 20Ne, 24Mg and 28Si) and different target gas nuclei (p, 4He, 12C, 14N, 16O, 20Ne, 24Mg, 28Si and 40Ar). The yields are calculated using FLUKA, a simulation package designed to compute the energy distributions of secondary products with large accuracy in a wide energy range. The present results provide, for the first time, a complete and self-consistent set of all the relevant inclusive cross sections regarding the whole spectrum of secondary products in nuclear collisions. We cover, for the projectiles, a kinetic energy range extending from $0.1 GeV/n$ up to $100 TeV/n$ in the lab frame. In order to show the importance of our results for multi-messenger studies about the physics of CR propagation, we evaluate the propagated spectra of Galactic secondary nuclei, leptons, and gamma rays produced by the interactions of CRs with the insterstellar gas, exploiting the numerical codes DRAGON and GammaSky. We show that, adopting our cross section database, we are able to provide a good fit of a complete sample of CR observables, including: leptonic and hadronic spectra measured at Earth, the local interstellar spectra measured by Voyager, and the gamma-ray emissivities from Fermi-LAT collaboration. We also show a set of gamma-ray and neutrino full-sky maps and spectra.

Results of airborne measurements of the sizes and concentrations of aerosol particles, ice nuclei, and cloud condensation nuclei that were taken at Kennedy Space Center, Florida, are presented along with a detailed description of the instrumentation and measuring capabilities of the University of Washington airborne measuring facility (Douglas B-23). Airborne measurements made at Ft. Collins, Colorado, and Little Rock, Arkansas, during the ferry of the B-23 are presented. The particle concentrations differed significantly between the clean air over Ft. Collins and the hazy air over Little Rock and Kennedy Space Center. The concentrations of cloud condensation nuclei over Kennedy Space Center were typical of polluted eastern seaboard air. Three different instruments were used to measure ice nuclei: one used filters to collect the particles, and the others used optical and acoustical methods to detect ice crystals grown in portable cloud chambers. A comparison of the ice nucleus counts, which are in good agreement, is presented.

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Quantum Physics Of Atoms, Molecules, Solids, Nuclei, And Particles Eisberg, Resnick

Rotation of such objects as an atomic nucleus or a chromodynamical string can result in specific effects in scattering processes and multiparticle production. Secondary fragments of the rotating nucleus or of the decaying string can move like stones thrown from a sling. That would be detected as the azimuthal asymmetry of particle distributions in individual events. Non-classical states of the created particles like the Schr"\{o}dinger cats are produced. Some classical and quantum-mechanical estimates of possible effects are given. Experimental facts which can be used for their verification are discussed.

Rotation of such objects as an atomic nucleus or a chromodynamical string can result in specific effects in scattering processes and multiparticle production. Secondary fragments of the rotating nucleus or of the decaying string can move like stones thrown from a sling. That would be detected as the azimuthal asymmetry of particle distributions in individual events. Non-classical states of the created particles like the Schr"\{o}dinger cats are produced. Some classical and quantum-mechanical estimates of possible effects are given. Experimental facts which can be used for their verification are discussed.

Rotation of such objects as an atomic nucleus or a chromodynamical string can result in specific effects in scattering processes and multiparticle production. Secondary fragments of the rotating nucleus or of the decaying string can move like stones thrown from a sling. That would be detected as the azimuthal asymmetry of particle distributions in individual events. Non-classical states of the created particles like the Schr"\{o}dinger cats are produced. Some classical and quantum-mechanical estimates of possible effects are given. Experimental facts which can be used for their verification are discussed.

Rotation of such objects as an atomic nucleus or a chromodynamical string can result in specific effects in scattering processes and multiparticle production. Secondary fragments of the rotating nucleus or of the decaying string can move like stones thrown from a sling. That would be detected as the azimuthal asymmetry of particle distributions in individual events. Non-classical states of the created particles like the Schr"\{o}dinger cats are produced. Some classical and quantum-mechanical estimates of possible effects are given. Experimental facts which can be used for their verification are discussed.

Rotation of such objects as an atomic nucleus or a chromodynamical string can result in specific effects in scattering processes and multiparticle production. Secondary fragments of the rotating nucleus or of the decaying string can move like stones thrown from a sling. That would be detected as the azimuthal asymmetry of particle distributions in individual events. Non-classical states of the created particles like the Schr"\{o}dinger cats are produced. Some classical and quantum-mechanical estimates of possible effects are given. Experimental facts which can be used for their verification are discussed.

Rotation of such objects as an atomic nucleus or a chromodynamical string can result in specific effects in scattering processes and multiparticle production. Secondary fragments of the rotating nucleus or of the decaying string can move like stones thrown from a sling. That would be detected as the azimuthal asymmetry of particle distributions in individual events. Non-classical states of the created particles like the Schr"\{o}dinger cats are produced. Some classical and quantum-mechanical estimates of possible effects are given. Experimental facts which can be used for their verification are discussed.