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Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology

Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology

The Defense Technical Information Center's (DTIC) mission for the scientific and technical numeric database project is to provide DoD scientists and engineers, the end users, with access to scientific and technical information and data. Until now, DTIC has been providing its users, who are primarily librarians and technical information specialists, access to bibliographic database or pointers to possible resources of numeric data for end users. In an effort to be more responsive to the DoD community, DTIC has been investigating new services to provide resources directly to the end users. One of these resources is scientific and technical databases. This report focuses on the methodology used to identify and recommend scientific and technical databases that should be accessed or distributed through DTIC. The methodology described is broken into three tasks: (1) Determine which databases from DTIC SCITECH Directory meet specified criteria as to users' needs and investigate them further to determine if the data source is a candidate to make available through DTIC. (2) Contact data source distributors to elicit information and provide a comparative view of the selected databases. (3) Recommend which of the selected databases could be made available through DTIC based on the comparison of the selected databases.

The Defense Technical Information Center's (DTIC) mission for the scientific and technical numeric database project is to provide DoD scientists and engineers, the end users, with access to scientific and technical information and data. Until now, DTIC has been providing its users, who are primarily librarians and technical information specialists, access to bibliographic database or pointers to possible resources of numeric data for end users. In an effort to be more responsive to the DoD community, DTIC has been investigating new services to provide resources directly to the end users. One of these resources is scientific and technical databases. This report focuses on the methodology used to identify and recommend scientific and technical databases that should be accessed or distributed through DTIC. The methodology described is broken into three tasks: (1) Determine which databases from DTIC SCITECH Directory meet specified criteria as to users' needs and investigate them further to determine if the data source is a candidate to make available through DTIC. (2) Contact data source distributors to elicit information and provide a comparative view of the selected databases. (3) Recommend which of the selected databases could be made available through DTIC based on the comparison of the selected databases.

In an age of lightning-fast information, online numeric databases may seem a godsend to data users. Tantalizing with its instant information and powerful data manipulating packages, online data retrieval fulfills yesterday-is-not-too soon requests to the delight of information specialists. However, while these databases dazzle us up front, we must not forget to examine carefully basic reliability and cost issues. Items needing to be scrutinized include: data type and level availability, source identification and data equivalency, data verification, documentation, software, timeliness, and cost. This paper is oriented to information specialists and was presented on May 21, 1983 at the IASSIST(International Association for Social Science Information Service and Technology) Conference in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. (Author).

In an age of lightning-fast information, online numeric databases may seem a godsend to data users. Tantalizing with its instant information and powerful data manipulating packages, online data retrieval fulfills yesterday-is-not-too soon requests to the delight of information specialists. However, while these databases dazzle us up front, we must not forget to examine carefully basic reliability and cost issues. Items needing to be scrutinized include: data type and level availability, source identification and data equivalency, data verification, documentation, software, timeliness, and cost. This paper is oriented to information specialists and was presented on May 21, 1983 at the IASSIST(International Association for Social Science Information Service and Technology) Conference in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. (Author).

Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology

Geo-replicated databases often operate under the principle of eventual consistency to offer high-availability with low latency on a simple key/value store abstraction. Recently, some have adopted commutative data types to provide seamless reconciliation for special purpose data types, such as counters. Despite this, the inability to enforce numeric invariants across all replicas still remains a key shortcoming of relying on the limited guarantees of eventual consistency storage. We present a new replicated data type, called bounded counter, which adds support for numeric invariants to eventually consistent geo-replicated databases. We describe how this can be implemented on top of existing cloud stores without modifying them, using Riak as an example. Our approach adapts ideas from escrow transactions to devise a solution that is decentralized, fault-tolerant and fast. Our evaluation shows much lower latency and better scalability than the traditional approach of using strong consistency to enforce numeric invariants, thus alleviating the tension between consistency and availability.