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The "social-networking revolution" of late (e.g., with the advent of social media, Facebook, and the like) has been propelling the crusade to elucidate the embedded networks that underlie economic activity. An unexampled synthesis of network science and economics uncovers how the web of human interactions spurred by familiarity and similarity could potentially induce the ups and downs ever so common to our economy. Zeroing in on the million-strong global industry known as multi-level marketing, this study finds that such a socially-powered enterprise can only work stably through discrimination about who to make entrepreneurial connections with.

The "social-networking revolution" of late (e.g., with the advent of social media, Facebook, and the like) has been propelling the crusade to elucidate the embedded networks that underlie economic activity. An unexampled synthesis of network science and economics uncovers how the web of human interactions spurred by familiarity and similarity could potentially induce the ups and downs ever so common to our economy. Zeroing in on the million-strong global industry known as multi-level marketing, this study finds that such a socially-powered enterprise can only work stably through discrimination about who to make entrepreneurial connections with.

This document is a product of the Coding for Efficient Network Communications Research Group (NWCRG). It conforms to the directions found in the NWCRG taxonomy (RFC 8406).

This document is a product of the Coding for Efficient Network Communications Research Group (NWCRG). It conforms to the directions found in the NWCRG taxonomy (RFC 8406).

This document is a product of the Coding for Efficient Network Communications Research Group (NWCRG). It conforms to the directions found in the NWCRG taxonomy (RFC 8406).

This document is a product of the Coding for Efficient Network Communications Research Group (NWCRG). It conforms to the directions found in the NWCRG taxonomy (RFC 8406).

This document is a product of the Coding for Efficient Network Communications Research Group (NWCRG). It conforms to the directions found in the NWCRG taxonomy (RFC 8406).

This document is a product of the Coding for Efficient Network Communications Research Group (NWCRG). It conforms to the directions found in the NWCRG taxonomy (RFC 8406).

This document is a product of the Coding for Efficient Network Communications Research Group (NWCRG). It conforms to the directions found in the NWCRG taxonomy (RFC 8406).

This document is a product of the Coding for Efficient Network Communications Research Group (NWCRG). It conforms to the directions found in the NWCRG taxonomy (RFC 8406).

In the era of post genomics, performing a computational analysis to understand the pharmacogenomic based regulation of Psoriasis with respect to the principles of data mining and constructing a regulatory network with respect to the principles of systems biology and analyzing the network with respect to the principles of test statistic remains a challenging task to execute. The challenge was approached by identifying the associated genes of Psoriasis from PharmGkb and it was followed by identifying the associated regulators (MicroRNAs and Transcription Factors) from PharmacomiR/RegNetworks. Finally the regulatory networks were analyzed by the statistical measures.

In the era of post genomics, performing a computational analysis to understand the pharmacogenomic based regulation of Psoriasis with respect to the principles of data mining and constructing a regulatory network with respect to the principles of systems biology and analyzing the network with respect to the principles of test statistic remains a challenging task to execute. The challenge was approached by identifying the associated genes of Psoriasis from PharmGkb and it was followed by identifying the associated regulators (MicroRNAs and Transcription Factors) from PharmacomiR/RegNetworks. Finally the regulatory networks were analyzed by the statistical measures.

Fuzzy inference systems work well in many control applications. One drawback, however, is determining membership functions and inference control rules required to implement the system, which are usually supplied by 'experts'. One alternative is to use a neural network-type architecture to implement the fuzzy inference system, and neural network-type training techniques to 'learn' the control parameters needed by the fuzzy inference system. By using a generalized version of a neural network, the rules of the fuzzy inference system can be learned without the assistance of experts.

Society is growing increasingly dependent upon large scale, highly distributed systems that operate in unbounded network environments. Unbounded networks, such as the Internet, have no central administrative control and no unified security policy. Furthermore, the number and nature of the nodes connected to such networks cannot be fully known. Despite the best efforts of security practitioners, no amount of system hardening can assure that a system that is connected to an unbounded network will be invulnerable to attack. The discipline of survivability can help ensure that such systems can deliver essential services and maintain essential properties such as integrity, confidentiality, and performance, despite the presence of intrusions. Unlike the traditional security measures that require central control or administration, survivability is intended to address unbounded network environments. This report describes the survivability approach to helping assure that a system that must operate in an unbounded network is robust in the presence of attack and will survive attacks that result in successful intrusions. Included are discussions of survivability as an integrated engineering framework, the current state of survivability practice, the specification of survivability requirements, strategies for achieving survivability, and techniques and processes for analyzing survivability.

The simulation community faces the challenge of using the Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) protocol to network long established simulation systems that have been developed independently of each other and of DIS. Such simulators might have earth-shape representations that differ from each other and from the DIS protocol standard of the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS-84) ellipse. These dissimilarities can cause positional discrepancies that lead to unnecessarily high rates of data transmission during steady flight. This report describes two causes of such positional discrepancy that were encountered and resolved during the conversion of a simulation network from the SIMNET protocol to the DIS. Analysis showed that the methods of resolving these discrepancies are applicable to any dissimilar systems but they cannot hide all the anomalies caused by a mismatch between systems. Recommendations are made for earth representations in existing simulators that may be used in a DIS network with minimum problems. The recommendations include defining the properties of good map projections and a method for eliminating some positional discrepancies between dissimilar networked systems. The principal difference in this report from the ITEC paper is the inclusion of a description of SIMNET from which the DIS network was developed, and the inclusion of a section on acceleration transformation presented orally at the conference but not in the written paper.

The major difficulties in determination of the steady-state properties of a Markovian queuing network by numerical solution of a set of linear balance equations are the choice of vector representation of the states, the generation and storage of the states, and generation, storage and solution of the balance equations. Lexicographic sequencing of the vector representations are shown in this thesis to lead to efficiencies in the storage and solution of the balance equations and to provide a key to efficient generation and storage of the states. Convergence properties of three iterative solution methods are examined for cyclic models, such as those which can result from a central-server model. An analysis of possible bias in software monitors on computer systems is analyzed in terms of a central-server model of such systems. Techniques for examining tape-mounting policies and core-allocation policies are also suggested. (Author)

The Army has embarked upon a coordinated program to develop and field a collection of automated command control, communications, and intelligence (C3I) systems to provide the effective battle management that is required if we ar to overcome the numerical superiority of the Soviet Block. The Army Battlefield Interface Concept 1979 (1) describes the basic architecture for integrating these systems into a functional and interoperating network. The purpose of this paper is to discuss some of the voids in current information science technology as it relates to the testing of individual systems and the network to insure that each system and the network will properly perform their functions under the stress of combat. (Author)

This report documents work performed during FY 1981 on the DCA-sponsored Network Speech Systems Technology Program. The two areas of work reported are: (1) communication system studies in support of the evolving Defense Switched Network (DSN) and (2) design and implementation of satellite/terrestrial interfaces for the Experimental Integrated Switched Network (EISN). The system studies focus on the development and evaluation of economical and endurable network routing procedures. Satellite/terrestrial interface development includes circuit-switched and packet-switched connections to the experimental wideband satellite network. Efforts in planning and coordination of EISN experiments are reported in detail in a separate EISN Experiment Plan. (Author)

Network Centric Warfare (NCW) promises enormous military advantages including information superiority, self-synchronization and increased decision making speed. However, with these advantages comes the capacity of the operational commander to exert too much control over the tactical levels of his command. The problem with the operational commander becoming involved in the tactical level is two fold. First, the operational commander is not the most qualified to manage those systems at the tactical level. Second, when the operational commander is making decisions at the tactical level, he is not making operational decisions which will have greater reaching implications. This paper will focus on the role of Network Centric Warfare (NCW) with regard to the operational function of command and control. It will first review the concepts of NCW, command and control, and the concepts of decentralized and centralized controls. Then, with this foundation, recent examples will be examined to derive recommendations for organization, doctrine and human elements to achieve the optimum command and control structure. Through implementation of these recommendations future command and control structure will ensure the benefits of NCW are maximized and the risk of micromanagement minimized.

Researchers and policy makers are increasingly turning to multi-agent and dynamic-network multi-agent models to study real-world systems. The models hold particular appeal because of their intuitive representation of complex real-world systems that can be thought of as complex systems. Both policy makers and those affected by the policies influenced by these models often question whether a model is valid. We explore the intended use of these models, the extent to which they can be validated, and the consequent implications for their use in setting policy. We ground the analysis using a dynamic-network multi-agent model we are helping to develop called the Regional Threat Evaluator (RTE), applied to data from Indonesia and Thailand. We find that there are three core difficulties in validating these models: defining the appropriate operating domain, data availability, and validating a model that integrates multiple theories.

Fuzzy inherence systems work well in many control applications. One drawback, however, is determining membership functions and inference control rules required to implement the system, which are usually supplied by 'experts'. One alternative is to use a neural network-type architecture to implement the fuzzy inference system, and neural network-type training techniques to 'learn' the control parameters needed by the fuzzy inference system. By using a generalized version of a neural network, the rules of the fuzzy inference system can be learned without the assistance of experts.

This article is from Chinese Journal of Cancer , volume 31 . Abstract The era of targeted cancer therapies has arrived. However, due to the complexity of biological systems, the current progress is far from enough. From biological network modeling to structural/dynamic network analysis, network systems biology provides unique insight into the potential mechanisms underlying the growth and progression of cancer cells. It has also introduced great changes into the research paradigm of cancer-associated drug discovery and drug resistance.

Presidential Decision Directive (PDD) 63 calls for improving the security of Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) and other control systems which operate the critical infrastructure of the United States. In the past, these industrial computer systems relied on security through obscurity. Recent economic and technical shifts within the controls industry have increased their vulnerability to cyber attack. Concurrently, their value as a target has been recognized by terrorist organizations and competing nation states. Network reconnaissance is a basic tool that allows computer security managers to understand their complex systems. However, existing reconnaissance tools incorporate little or no understanding of control systems. This thesis provides a conceptual analysis for the creation of a SCADA network exploration/reconnaissance tool. Several reconnaissance techniques were researched and reviewed in a laboratory environment to determine their utility for SCADA system discovery. Additionally, an application framework using common non-SCADA security tools was created to provide a proof of concept. Development of a viable tool for identifying SCADA systems remotely will help improve critical infrastructure security by improving situational awareness for network managers.

The Clinger-Cohen Act of 1996 requires performance measurement of information technology systems. Measuring the performance of program management for the Chemical Accountability Management Information Network (CAMIN) system requires a thoughtful selection of useful metrics. The CAMIN is a complex Management Information System in the post deployment software system (PDSS) phase of the system life cycle. This research uses three primary sources for candidate metrics for a PDSS like CAMIN: 1) typical software metrics from DoD and commercial applications, 2) typical fielded software system metrics from DoD and commercial applications, and 3) case analysis of metrics currently used by CAMIN and other DoD systems in the PDSS phase. Analysis of these candidate metrics creates a concise list of combined metrics that are applicable to fielded software systems. The current primary issues of CAMIN program management establish the basis for selection of appropriate program management metrics from the candidate list. These issues are examined in a process to answer the primary research question, \"What are appropriate metrics and measures for management of the Chemical Accountability Management Information Network?\"

The Clinger-Cohen Act of 1996 requires performance measurement of information technology systems. Measuring the performance of program management for the Chemical Accountability Management Information Network (CAMIN) system requires a thoughtful selection of useful metrics. The CAMIN is a complex Management Information System in the post deployment software system (PDSS) phase of the system life cycle. This research uses three primary sources for candidate metrics for a PDSS like CAMIN: 1) typical software metrics from DoD and commercial applications, 2) typical fielded software system metrics from DoD and commercial applications, and 3) case analysis of metrics currently used by CAMIN and other DoD systems in the PDSS phase. Analysis of these candidate metrics creates a concise list of combined metrics that are applicable to fielded software systems. The current primary issues of CAMIN program management establish the basis for selection of appropriate program management metrics from the candidate list. These issues are examined in a process to answer the primary research question, \"What are appropriate metrics and measures for management of the Chemical Accountability Management Information Network?\"

The Clinger-Cohen Act of 1996 requires performance measurement of information technology systems. Measuring the performance of program management for the Chemical Accountability Management Information Network (CAMIN) system requires a thoughtful selection of useful metrics. The CAMIN is a complex Management Information System in the post deployment software system (PDSS) phase of the system life cycle. This research uses three primary sources for candidate metrics for a PDSS like CAMIN: 1) typical software metrics from DoD and commercial applications, 2) typical fielded software system metrics from DoD and commercial applications, and 3) case analysis of metrics currently used by CAMIN and other DoD systems in the PDSS phase. Analysis of these candidate metrics creates a concise list of combined metrics that are applicable to fielded software systems. The current primary issues of CAMIN program management establish the basis for selection of appropriate program management metrics from the candidate list. These issues are examined in a process to answer the primary research question, \"What are appropriate metrics and measures for management of the Chemical Accountability Management Information Network?\"

The Clinger-Cohen Act of 1996 requires performance measurement of information technology systems. Measuring the performance of program management for the Chemical Accountability Management Information Network (CAMIN) system requires a thoughtful selection of useful metrics. The CAMIN is a complex Management Information System in the post deployment software system (PDSS) phase of the system life cycle. This research uses three primary sources for candidate metrics for a PDSS like CAMIN: 1) typical software metrics from DoD and commercial applications, 2) typical fielded software system metrics from DoD and commercial applications, and 3) case analysis of metrics currently used by CAMIN and other DoD systems in the PDSS phase. Analysis of these candidate metrics creates a concise list of combined metrics that are applicable to fielded software systems. The current primary issues of CAMIN program management establish the basis for selection of appropriate program management metrics from the candidate list. These issues are examined in a process to answer the primary research question, \"What are appropriate metrics and measures for management of the Chemical Accountability Management Information Network?\"

Results obtained with the grant fall into several groupings: (a) Combinatorial conditions on the graphical representation of a two dimensional sensor network that will guarantee localizability of the network in the event of loss of any p sensors and/or q links in the network, for nonnegative integers p and q; (b) analysis of the effects of measurement error on the quality of localization of sensor positions in a sensor network, or more generally a target being localized; (c) the derivation of a measure, including algorithms for computing it, of the quality of connectivity of a network modeled by a graph with nodes and links, and in which the individual links are operative with defined a priori probabilities, and the probability that any one link is operative is independent of the probability that any other link is operative; (d) connectivity and capacity of networks with randomly positioned nodes and probabilistic channel models; (e) Doppler localization problems and miscellaneous multi-agent problems.

Due to the up-rise of social media, social networking sites have increased in popularity and use over the last few years. During this time, research related to social networks has also escalated. This study presents social network research trends found in ISR, JMIS, and MISQ for a six year period, 2005-2010. The social network-related articles from these premier MIS journals were examined in terms of topical theme and research strategy employed. Furthermore, the most productive authors and affiliations were identified and presented individually, by state, and by region. An additional outcome of this research is the presentation of a preliminary classification system for research topics associated social networking, which may also be generalized to include a wide-array of information technology themes.

Due to the up-rise of social media, social networking sites have increased in popularity and use over the last few years. During this time, research related to social networks has also escalated. This study presents social network research trends found in ISR, JMIS, and MISQ for a six year period, 2005-2010. The social network-related articles from these premier MIS journals were examined in terms of topical theme and research strategy employed. Furthermore, the most productive authors and affiliations were identified and presented individually, by state, and by region. An additional outcome of this research is the presentation of a preliminary classification system for research topics associated social networking, which may also be generalized to include a wide-array of information technology themes.

Due to the up-rise of social media, social networking sites have increased in popularity and use over the last few years. During this time, research related to social networks has also escalated. This study presents social network research trends found in ISR, JMIS, and MISQ for a six year period, 2005-2010. The social network-related articles from these premier MIS journals were examined in terms of topical theme and research strategy employed. Furthermore, the most productive authors and affiliations were identified and presented individually, by state, and by region. An additional outcome of this research is the presentation of a preliminary classification system for research topics associated social networking, which may also be generalized to include a wide-array of information technology themes.

Due to the up-rise of social media, social networking sites have increased in popularity and use over the last few years. During this time, research related to social networks has also escalated. This study presents social network research trends found in ISR, JMIS, and MISQ for a six year period, 2005-2010. The social network-related articles from these premier MIS journals were examined in terms of topical theme and research strategy employed. Furthermore, the most productive authors and affiliations were identified and presented individually, by state, and by region. An additional outcome of this research is the presentation of a preliminary classification system for research topics associated social networking, which may also be generalized to include a wide-array of information technology themes.

Due to the up-rise of social media, social networking sites have increased in popularity and use over the last few years. During this time, research related to social networks has also escalated. This study presents social network research trends found in ISR, JMIS, and MISQ for a six year period, 2005-2010. The social network-related articles from these premier MIS journals were examined in terms of topical theme and research strategy employed. Furthermore, the most productive authors and affiliations were identified and presented individually, by state, and by region. An additional outcome of this research is the presentation of a preliminary classification system for research topics associated social networking, which may also be generalized to include a wide-array of information technology themes.

Due to the up-rise of social media, social networking sites have increased in popularity and use over the last few years. During this time, research related to social networks has also escalated. This study presents social network research trends found in ISR, JMIS, and MISQ for a six year period, 2005-2010. The social network-related articles from these premier MIS journals were examined in terms of topical theme and research strategy employed. Furthermore, the most productive authors and affiliations were identified and presented individually, by state, and by region. An additional outcome of this research is the presentation of a preliminary classification system for research topics associated social networking, which may also be generalized to include a wide-array of information technology themes.

Due to the up-rise of social media, social networking sites have increased in popularity and use over the last few years. During this time, research related to social networks has also escalated. This study presents social network research trends found in ISR, JMIS, and MISQ for a six year period, 2005-2010. The social network-related articles from these premier MIS journals were examined in terms of topical theme and research strategy employed. Furthermore, the most productive authors and affiliations were identified and presented individually, by state, and by region. An additional outcome of this research is the presentation of a preliminary classification system for research topics associated social networking, which may also be generalized to include a wide-array of information technology themes.

Due to the up-rise of social media, social networking sites have increased in popularity and use over the last few years. During this time, research related to social networks has also escalated. This study presents social network research trends found in ISR, JMIS, and MISQ for a six year period, 2005-2010. The social network-related articles from these premier MIS journals were examined in terms of topical theme and research strategy employed. Furthermore, the most productive authors and affiliations were identified and presented individually, by state, and by region. An additional outcome of this research is the presentation of a preliminary classification system for research topics associated social networking, which may also be generalized to include a wide-array of information technology themes.

Due to the up-rise of social media, social networking sites have increased in popularity and use over the last few years. During this time, research related to social networks has also escalated. This study presents social network research trends found in ISR, JMIS, and MISQ for a six year period, 2005-2010. The social network-related articles from these premier MIS journals were examined in terms of topical theme and research strategy employed. Furthermore, the most productive authors and affiliations were identified and presented individually, by state, and by region. An additional outcome of this research is the presentation of a preliminary classification system for research topics associated social networking, which may also be generalized to include a wide-array of information technology themes.