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In accordance with the National Environmental Policy Act and implementing regulations, an Environmental Assessment (EA) has been prepared to evaluate the effects of the proposed Levee Rehabilitation Project along Salt Creek, Lincoln, Lancaster County, Nebraska. The EA was prepared to determine if the proposed scope of work and associated impacts would result in any significant impacts to the human environment. The proposed project consists of reshaping the levee banks back to a 3:1 slope and replacing lost bank material with compacted, non-dispersive clay and riprap; constructing landward piggy-back levees at discrete locations if space is available; installing sheet pile cutoff walls, replacing lost sod, and filling sink holes along portions of the right and left descending banks. Three alternatives were considered: two Build Alternatives and the No Action Alternative. Under the Preferred Action (Structural Repairs Alternative 3), the necessary rehabilitation to the Lower Platte South Natural Resource District s Flood Control Works will be preformed and the levees will be returned to pre-disaster conditions in order to provide flood damage reduction. The No Action Alternative was considered and not selected because it would not meet the projects purpose and need, which is to repair the flood control works to pre-disaster condition in order to provide flood damage reduction. Alternative 2 (Nonstructural Repairs) was not selected because under the PL 84-99 Program, this alternative must be requested by the project Sponsor. On October 22, 2014, the project Sponsor sent a letter to the USACE s Natural Disaster Program Manager stating that they do not wish to pursue the option of a Nonstructural Alternative. The environmental consequences of the proposed action on the physical, biological, and cultural resources have been evaluated.

In accordance with the National Environmental Policy Act and implementing regulations, an Environmental Assessment (EA) has been prepared to evaluate the effects of the proposed Levee Rehabilitation Project along Salt Creek, Lincoln, Lancaster County, Nebraska. The EA was prepared to determine if the proposed scope of work and associated impacts would result in any significant impacts to the human environment. The proposed project consists of reshaping the levee banks back to a 3:1 slope and replacing lost bank material with compacted, non-dispersive clay and riprap; constructing landward piggy-back levees at discrete locations if space is available; installing sheet pile cutoff walls, replacing lost sod, and filling sink holes along portions of the right and left descending banks. Three alternatives were considered: two Build Alternatives and the No Action Alternative. Under the Preferred Action (Structural Repairs Alternative 3), the necessary rehabilitation to the Lower Platte South Natural Resource District s Flood Control Works will be preformed and the levees will be returned to pre-disaster conditions in order to provide flood damage reduction. The No Action Alternative was considered and not selected because it would not meet the projects purpose and need, which is to repair the flood control works to pre-disaster condition in order to provide flood damage reduction. Alternative 2 (Nonstructural Repairs) was not selected because under the PL 84-99 Program, this alternative must be requested by the project Sponsor. On October 22, 2014, the project Sponsor sent a letter to the USACE s Natural Disaster Program Manager stating that they do not wish to pursue the option of a Nonstructural Alternative. The environmental consequences of the proposed action on the physical, biological, and cultural resources have been evaluated.

A natural resource condition assessment for Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks Published Report (Item ID: 2195490) National Parks Service (NPS) - IRMA Resource Originally published by the NPS and hosted at: https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/Reference/Profile/2195490 Suggested Citation: National Park Service. 2013. A natural resource condition assessment for Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks. Natural Resource Report. NPS/SEKI/NRR—2013/665. Fort Collins, Colorado Because this content was published and publicly released by the Unitesd States federal government, we believe that it is in the Public Domain and have indicated so with the appropriate licensing metadata. This item includes the following files, with JSON-formatted metadata obtained from: https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/Reference/GetHoldings?referenceId=2195490 FileDescription : SEKI-NRCA_FINAL.pdf Accessibility : None Id : 474402 MimeType : application/pdf DisplayOrder : 1 WebServiceType : None QueueForServices : False DisableDownload : False FileManagerId : 128779 Url : https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/DownloadFile/474402 LastVerified : /Date(-62135571600000)/ NeedsToBeQueued : False HoldingType : 0 FileSize : 47332825 ServiceTemplate : None Description : A Natural Resource Condition Assessment for Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks

Video interview with Damian Higgins of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Steve Hampton of the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, both agencies are trustees for the Refugio Beach Oil Spill Natural Resource Damage Assessment. Video by USFWS. More than 80 community members attended a public meeting and open house to discuss restoration projects for the Refugio Beach Oil Spill on January 20, 2016 in Santa Barbara. The forum was led by state and federal scientists who serve as natural resource trustees for the Refugio Beach Oil Spill. These trustees shared information about the Natural Resource Damage Assessment process and ongoing studies, and are seeking potential restoration project recommendations from the general public. The meeting was held at the Faulkner Gallery in the Santa Barbara Public Library in Santa Barbara. Following a brief presentation by trustees, attendees had opportunities to ask questions and meet with scientists and other natural resource professionals in an open house format. BACKGROUND: On May 19, 2015, a pipeline break at Refugio State Beach near Santa Barbara resulted in the release of crude oil into the environment, prompting an immediate response effort by multiple local, state, and federal agencies. State and federal trustee agencies, in coordination with local cities, counties, and other organizations, are working to assess impacts from the oil spill on natural resources. Through this process, known as a Natural Resource Damage Assessment, the trustees intend to quantify the injuries to wildlife, habitat, and lost use of those resources, and to develop a restoration plan. The trustees will ultimately make a claim for funds from Plains All American Pipeline, the party responsible for the spill, to implement restoration projects designed to both restore and compensate for the injured resources and human activities. With input from the public, the trustees will select and implement restoration projects which are best suited to restore injured wildlife, habitats or lost services. Examples of restoration include habitat restoration and improving recreational opportunities. While many projects have research value and most will have a monitoring component, projects must provide tangible benefits in the form of increased wildlife, enhanced habitat, or improved recreational use. The natural resource trustees involved in this assessment are the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, the California State Lands Commission, the California Department of Parks and Recreation, the University of California, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the National Park Service, the Bureau of Land Management and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Also serving in an advisory role and/or providing data are Santa Barbara County, the cities of Goleta and Santa Barbara, other affected coastal cities and counties, the U.S. Navy, and several bands of the Chumash. For more information, sign up for our newsletter to receive email updates. To submit restoration project ideas visit: bit.ly/refugiorestoration Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/54430347@N04/24533574071 Uploader: Pacific Southwest Region USFWS

Video interview with Damian Higgins of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Steve Hampton of the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, both agencies are trustees for the Refugio Beach Oil Spill Natural Resource Damage Assessment. Video by USFWS. More than 80 community members attended a public meeting and open house to discuss restoration projects for the Refugio Beach Oil Spill on January 20, 2016 in Santa Barbara. The forum was led by state and federal scientists who serve as natural resource trustees for the Refugio Beach Oil Spill. These trustees shared information about the Natural Resource Damage Assessment process and ongoing studies, and are seeking potential restoration project recommendations from the general public. The meeting was held at the Faulkner Gallery in the Santa Barbara Public Library in Santa Barbara. Following a brief presentation by trustees, attendees had opportunities to ask questions and meet with scientists and other natural resource professionals in an open house format. BACKGROUND: On May 19, 2015, a pipeline break at Refugio State Beach near Santa Barbara resulted in the release of crude oil into the environment, prompting an immediate response effort by multiple local, state, and federal agencies. State and federal trustee agencies, in coordination with local cities, counties, and other organizations, are working to assess impacts from the oil spill on natural resources. Through this process, known as a Natural Resource Damage Assessment, the trustees intend to quantify the injuries to wildlife, habitat, and lost use of those resources, and to develop a restoration plan. The trustees will ultimately make a claim for funds from Plains All American Pipeline, the party responsible for the spill, to implement restoration projects designed to both restore and compensate for the injured resources and human activities. With input from the public, the trustees will select and implement restoration projects which are best suited to restore injured wildlife, habitats or lost services. Examples of restoration include habitat restoration and improving recreational opportunities. While many projects have research value and most will have a monitoring component, projects must provide tangible benefits in the form of increased wildlife, enhanced habitat, or improved recreational use. The natural resource trustees involved in this assessment are the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, the California State Lands Commission, the California Department of Parks and Recreation, the University of California, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the National Park Service, the Bureau of Land Management and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Also serving in an advisory role and/or providing data are Santa Barbara County, the cities of Goleta and Santa Barbara, other affected coastal cities and counties, the U.S. Navy, and several bands of the Chumash. For more information, sign up for our newsletter to receive email updates. To submit restoration project ideas visit: bit.ly/refugiorestoration Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/54430347@N04/24533574071 Uploader: Pacific Southwest Region USFWS

A natural resource condition assessment for Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks: Appendix 22 – climatic change Published Report (Item ID: 2195963) National Parks Service (NPS) - IRMA Resource Originally published by the NPS and hosted at: https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/Reference/Profile/2195963 Suggested Citation: Das AJ and Stephenson NL. 2013. A natural resource condition assessment for Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks: Appendix 22 – climatic change. Natural Resource Report. NPS/SEKI/NRR—2013/665.22. National Park Service. Fort Collins, Colorado Because this content was published and publicly released by the Unitesd States federal government, we believe that it is in the Public Domain and have indicated so with the appropriate licensing metadata. This item includes the following files, with JSON-formatted metadata obtained from: https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/Reference/GetHoldings?referenceId=2195963 ServiceTemplate : None FileSize : 2907411 MimeType : application/pdf QueueForServices : False WebServiceType : None FileManagerId : 107650 HoldingType : 0 DisableDownload : False Accessibility : None Url : https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/DownloadFile/474921 NeedsToBeQueued : False Description : Appendix 22 - Climatic Change Id : 474921 LastVerified : /Date(-62135571600000)/ FileDescription : A22_Climatic+Change_nrss.pdf DisplayOrder : 1

A teaching module on image classification procedures using the VICAR computer software package was developed to optimize the training benefits for users of the VICAR programs. The field test of the module is discussed. An intensive forest land inventory strategy was developed for Humboldt County. The results indicate that LANDSAT data can be computer classified to yield site specific forest resource information with high accuracy (82%). The "Douglas-fir 80%" category was found to cover approximately 21% of the county and "Mixed Conifer 80%" covering about 13%. The "Redwood 80%" resource category, which represented dense old growth trees as well as large second growth, comprised 4.0% of the total vegetation mosaic. Furthermore, the "Brush" and "Brush-Regeneration" categories were found to be a significant part of the vegetative community, with area estimates of 9.4 and 10.0%.

A teaching module on image classification procedures using the VICAR computer software package was developed to optimize the training benefits for users of the VICAR programs. The field test of the module is discussed. An intensive forest land inventory strategy was developed for Humboldt County. The results indicate that LANDSAT data can be computer classified to yield site specific forest resource information with high accuracy (82%). The "Douglas-fir 80%" category was found to cover approximately 21% of the county and "Mixed Conifer 80%" covering about 13%. The "Redwood 80%" resource category, which represented dense old growth trees as well as large second growth, comprised 4.0% of the total vegetation mosaic. Furthermore, the "Brush" and "Brush-Regeneration" categories were found to be a significant part of the vegetative community, with area estimates of 9.4 and 10.0%.

In an effort to contribute information for science teachers and curriculum developers in Maine, this study generated base line data on 4th, 8th, and 11th grade students' knowledge of marine science and natural resources principles in relation to the Gulf of Maine. Five concept maps representing 15 major content principles were developed. Two hundred twenty-six students from 12 schools in Maine were interviewed on marine science, natural resources and decision-making concepts and principles. Student knowledge was then classified according to correct concepts, missing concepts and misconceptions. Similarities and differences between the three grade levels were analyzed and compared to results of the Maine Assessment of Educational Progress in Science. The results indicated that the students in the sample did learn a few basic marine and natural resource concepts in the elementary grades, but that there was little further assimilation of new concepts or differentiation of existing concepts as students progressed through the grades. The results are discussed with regard to possible implications for future marine science curricula. (TW)

Kenai Fjords National Park: Natural resource condition assessment Published Report (Item ID: 2218993) National Parks Service (NPS) - IRMA Resource Originally published by the NPS and hosted at: https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/Reference/Profile/2218993 Suggested Citation: Stark KJ and Others. 2015. Kenai Fjords National Park: Natural resource condition assessment. Natural Resource Report. NPS/KEFJ/NRR—2015/900. National Park Service. Fort Collins, Colorado Because this content was published and publicly released by the Unitesd States federal government, we believe that it is in the Public Domain and have indicated so with the appropriate licensing metadata. This item includes the following files, with JSON-formatted metadata obtained from: https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/Reference/GetHoldings?referenceId=2218993 FileSize : 23896601 ServiceTemplate : None WebServiceType : None HoldingType : 0 Id : 515680 MimeType : application/pdf DisableDownload : False QueueForServices : False FileDescription : StarkK_2015_KEFJ_NaturalResourceConditionAssessment.pdf NeedsToBeQueued : False FileManagerId : 82480 Url : https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/DownloadFile/515680 LastVerified : /Date(-62135571600000)/ DisplayOrder : 1 Description : Natural resource condition assessment report Accessibility : None

Kenai Fjords National Park: Natural resource condition assessment Published Report (Item ID: 2218993) National Parks Service (NPS) - IRMA Resource Originally published by the NPS and hosted at: https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/Reference/Profile/2218993 Suggested Citation: Stark KJ and Others. 2015. Kenai Fjords National Park: Natural resource condition assessment. Natural Resource Report. NPS/KEFJ/NRR—2015/900. National Park Service. Fort Collins, Colorado Because this content was published and publicly released by the Unitesd States federal government, we believe that it is in the Public Domain and have indicated so with the appropriate licensing metadata. This item includes the following files, with JSON-formatted metadata obtained from: https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/Reference/GetHoldings?referenceId=2218993 FileSize : 23896601 ServiceTemplate : None WebServiceType : None HoldingType : 0 Id : 515680 MimeType : application/pdf DisableDownload : False QueueForServices : False FileDescription : StarkK_2015_KEFJ_NaturalResourceConditionAssessment.pdf NeedsToBeQueued : False FileManagerId : 82480 Url : https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/DownloadFile/515680 LastVerified : /Date(-62135571600000)/ DisplayOrder : 1 Description : Natural resource condition assessment report Accessibility : None

A natural resource condition assessment for Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks: Appendix 7a – Water Quantity: rain, snow, and temperature Published Report (Item ID: 2195540) National Parks Service (NPS) - IRMA Resource Originally published by the NPS and hosted at: https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/Reference/Profile/2195540 Suggested Citation: Rice R and Bales RC. 2013. A natural resource condition assessment for Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks: Appendix 7a – Water Quantity: rain, snow, and temperature. Natural Resource Report. NPS/SEKI/NRR—2013/665.7a. National Park Service. Fort Collins, Colorado Because this content was published and publicly released by the Unitesd States federal government, we believe that it is in the Public Domain and have indicated so with the appropriate licensing metadata. This item includes the following files, with JSON-formatted metadata obtained from: https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/Reference/GetHoldings?referenceId=2195540 ServiceTemplate : None FileSize : 11200067 MimeType : application/pdf QueueForServices : False WebServiceType : None FileManagerId : 75249 HoldingType : 0 DisableDownload : False Accessibility : None Url : https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/DownloadFile/474502 NeedsToBeQueued : False Description : Appendix 7a - Water Quantity: Rain, Snow, and Temperature Id : 474502 LastVerified : /Date(-62135571600000)/ FileDescription : A7_Water+Quantity_Rain_Snow_Temperature_nrss.pdf DisplayOrder : 1

In accordance with the National Environmental Policy Act and implementing regulations, an Environmental Assessment (EA) has been prepared to evaluate the effects of the proposed Levee Rehabilitation Project along Antelope Creek, Lincoln, Lancaster County, Nebraska. The EA was prepared to determine if the proposed scope of work and associated impacts would result in any significant impacts to the human environment. The proposed project consists of reshaping the existing levee banks back to a 3:1 slope and replacing lost riprap along portions of the right and left descending banks. Three alternatives were considered: Structural Repairs, Nonstructural Repairs, and the No Action Alternative. Under the Preferred Action (Structural Repairs Alternative 3), the necessary rehabilitation to the Lower Platte South Natural Resource District s Flood Control Works will be preformed and the levees will be returned to pre-disaster conditions in order to provide flood damage reduction. The No Action Alternative was considered and not selected because it would not meet the projects purpose and need, which is to repair the flood control works to pre-disaster condition in order to provide flood damage reduction. Alternative 2 (Nonstructural Repairs) was not selected because under the PL 84-99 Program, this alternative must be requested by the project Sponsor. On October 30, 2014, the project Sponsor sent a letter to the USACE s Natural Disaster Program Manager stating that they do not wish to pursue the option of a Nonstructural Alternative. The environmental consequences of the proposed action on the physical, biological, and cultural resources have been evaluated.

North Cascades National Park Service Complex: Natural resource condition assessment Published Report (Item ID: 2219076) National Parks Service (NPS) - IRMA Resource Originally published by the NPS and hosted at: https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/Reference/Profile/2219076 Suggested Citation: Hoffman RL and Others. 2015. North Cascades National Park Service Complex: Natural resource condition assessment. Natural Resource Report. NPS/NOCA/NRR—2015/901. National Park Service. Fort Collins, Colorado Because this content was published and publicly released by the Unitesd States federal government, we believe that it is in the Public Domain and have indicated so with the appropriate licensing metadata. This item includes the following files, with JSON-formatted metadata obtained from: https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/Reference/GetHoldings?referenceId=2219076 FileSize : 12044526 ServiceTemplate : None WebServiceType : None HoldingType : 0 Id : 516145 MimeType : application/pdf DisableDownload : False QueueForServices : False FileDescription : NPS_NOCA_NRCA_NRR—2015—901.pdf NeedsToBeQueued : False FileManagerId : 98711 Url : https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/DownloadFile/516145 LastVerified : /Date(-62135571600000)/ DisplayOrder : 1 Description : None Accessibility : None

A natural resource condition assessment for Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks: Appendix 1 - landscape context Published Report (Item ID: 2195491) National Parks Service (NPS) - IRMA Resource Originally published by the NPS and hosted at: https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/Reference/Profile/2195491 Suggested Citation: Thorne J and Others. 2013. A natural resource condition assessment for Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks: Appendix 1 - landscape context. Natural Resource Report. NPS/SEKI/NRR—2013/665.1. National Park Service. Fort Collins, Colorado Because this content was published and publicly released by the Unitesd States federal government, we believe that it is in the Public Domain and have indicated so with the appropriate licensing metadata. This item includes the following files, with JSON-formatted metadata obtained from: https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/Reference/GetHoldings?referenceId=2195491 ServiceTemplate : None FileSize : 13322719 MimeType : application/pdf QueueForServices : False WebServiceType : None FileManagerId : 149093 HoldingType : 0 DisableDownload : False Accessibility : None Url : https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/DownloadFile/474406 NeedsToBeQueued : False Description : Appendix 1 - Landscape Context Id : 474406 LastVerified : /Date(-62135571600000)/ FileDescription : A1_Landscape_Context_nrss.pdf DisplayOrder : 1

This submittal provides the Final Natural Resource Actions Environmental Assessment and Finding of No Significant Impact (FONSI) for Grand Forks Air Force Base, North Dakota. (Task Order 0202, AMC204638)

This submittal provides the Final Natural Resource Actions Environmental Assessment and Finding of No Significant Impact (FONSI) for Grand Forks Air Force Base, North Dakota. (Task Order 0202, AMC204638)

This submittal provides the Final Natural Resource Actions Environmental Assessment and Finding of No Significant Impact (FONSI) for Grand Forks Air Force Base, North Dakota. (Task Order 0202, AMC204638)

Report to the Legislative Finance Committee from the Office of the Legislative Fiscal Analyst providing an update on the natural resource damage assessment (NRDA) in the Clark Fork River Basin and the current status of the general fund loan to the Department of Health and Environmental Sciences

Katmai National Park and Preserve and Alagnak Wild River: Natural resource condition assessment Published Report (Item ID: 2225350) National Parks Service (NPS) - IRMA Resource Originally published by the NPS and hosted at: https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/Reference/Profile/2225350 Suggested Citation: Zanon J and Others. 2015. Katmai National Park and Preserve and Alagnak Wild River: Natural resource condition assessment. Natural Resource Report. NPS/SWAN/NRR—2015/1095. National Park Service. Fort Collins, Colorado Because this content was published and publicly released by the Unitesd States federal government, we believe that it is in the Public Domain and have indicated so with the appropriate licensing metadata. This item includes the following files, with JSON-formatted metadata obtained from: https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/Reference/GetHoldings?referenceId=2225350 FileSize : 34899646 ServiceTemplate : None WebServiceType : None HoldingType : 0 Id : 532521 MimeType : application/pdf DisableDownload : False QueueForServices : False FileDescription : ZanonJ_2015_KATM_NaturalResourceConditionAssessment.pdf NeedsToBeQueued : False FileManagerId : 78993 Url : https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/DownloadFile/532521 LastVerified : /Date(-62135571600000)/ DisplayOrder : 1 Description : NRCA Report Accessibility : None

Katmai National Park and Preserve and Alagnak Wild River: Natural resource condition assessment Published Report (Item ID: 2225350) National Parks Service (NPS) - IRMA Resource Originally published by the NPS and hosted at: https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/Reference/Profile/2225350 Suggested Citation: Zanon J and Others. 2015. Katmai National Park and Preserve and Alagnak Wild River: Natural resource condition assessment. Natural Resource Report. NPS/SWAN/NRR—2015/1095. National Park Service. Fort Collins, Colorado Because this content was published and publicly released by the Unitesd States federal government, we believe that it is in the Public Domain and have indicated so with the appropriate licensing metadata. This item includes the following files, with JSON-formatted metadata obtained from: https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/Reference/GetHoldings?referenceId=2225350 FileSize : 34899646 ServiceTemplate : None WebServiceType : None HoldingType : 0 Id : 532521 MimeType : application/pdf DisableDownload : False QueueForServices : False FileDescription : ZanonJ_2015_KATM_NaturalResourceConditionAssessment.pdf NeedsToBeQueued : False FileManagerId : 78993 Url : https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/DownloadFile/532521 LastVerified : /Date(-62135571600000)/ DisplayOrder : 1 Description : NRCA Report Accessibility : None

Perma.cc archive of https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/nrda.html created on 2021-11-13 03:12:30+00:00.

Perma.cc archive of https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/nrda.html created on 2021-11-13 03:12:30+00:00.

The 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill leaked an estimated 4.1 million barrels of oil into the Gulf of Mexico, damaging the waters, shores, and marshes, and the fish and wildlife that live there. The Oil Pollution Act (OPA) establishes a process for assessing the damages to those natural resources and assigning responsibility for restoration to the parties responsible. BP was named the responsible party for the spill. The Natural Resources Damage Assessment (NRDA) process allows Trustees of affected states and the federal government (and Indian tribes and foreign governments, if applicable) to determine the levels of harm and the appropriate remedies. The types of damages that are recoverable include the cost of replacing or restoring the lost resource, the lost value of those resources if or until they are recovered, and any costs incurred in assessing the harm. Claims by individuals or businesses are not allowed, as all injuries are to the resources managed by state, federal, tribal, or foreign governments. OPA allows recovery from the responsible parties for harm resulting from response efforts, which in this case could include in situ burning, use of dispersants, and vehicle traffic on shores and marshes. The $20 billion escrow fund set up by BP in June 2010 is not for government NRDA claims, but it can be used to reimburse individual losses of subsistence use of natural resources, primarily lost fishing opportunities, which are covered by OPA.

The 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill leaked an estimated 4.1 million barrels of oil into the Gulf of Mexico, damaging the waters, shores, and marshes, and the fish and wildlife that live there. The Oil Pollution Act (OPA) establishes a process for assessing the damages to those natural resources and assigning responsibility for restoration to the parties responsible. BP was named the responsible party for the spill. The Natural Resources Damage Assessment (NRDA) process allows Trustees of affected states and the federal government (and Indian tribes and foreign governments, if applicable) to determine the levels of harm and the appropriate remedies. The types of damages that are recoverable include the cost of replacing or restoring the lost resource, the lost value of those resources if or until they are recovered, and any costs incurred in assessing the harm. Claims by individuals or businesses are not allowed, as all injuries are to the resources managed by state, federal, tribal, or foreign governments. OPA allows recovery from the responsible parties for harm resulting from response efforts, which in this case could include in situ burning, use of dispersants, and vehicle traffic on shores and marshes. The $20 billion escrow fund set up by BP in June 2010 is not for government NRDA claims, but it can be used to reimburse individual losses of subsistence use of natural resources, primarily lost fishing opportunities, which are covered by OPA.

This study assessed the level of scientific and natural resource knowledge that 4th, 8th, and 11th grade students in Maine possessed concerning acidic deposition. A representative sample of public school students (n=175) was interviewed on 12 concept principles considered critical to a full understanding of the acidic deposition problem. These included geological, meteorological, ecological, political, and economic concepts. Student knowledge was rated for each concept principle on a scale of complete, high partial, low partial, or no understanding. Common misconceptions were also noted. Generalized correct concept statements of current student knowledge was reported as well as generalized missing concepts. The results suggest some implications for teaching about acidic deposition and the design of environmental education curriculum materials based upon student knowledge. Ways that can help teachers better teach students about current environmental problems and thus help learners gain an appreciation for the complex and multidisciplinary nature of science and the environment are discussed. (Author/TW)

A natural resource condition assessment for Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks: Appendix 7b – hydrology of Sierra Nevada Network parks Published Report (Item ID: 2195776) National Parks Service (NPS) - IRMA Resource Originally published by the NPS and hosted at: https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/Reference/Profile/2195776 Suggested Citation: Andrews ED. 2013. A natural resource condition assessment for Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks: Appendix 7b – hydrology of Sierra Nevada Network parks. Natural Resource Report. NPS/SEKI/NRR—2013/665.7b. National Park Service. Fort Collins, Colorado Because this content was published and publicly released by the Unitesd States federal government, we believe that it is in the Public Domain and have indicated so with the appropriate licensing metadata. This item includes the following files, with JSON-formatted metadata obtained from: https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/Reference/GetHoldings?referenceId=2195776 ServiceTemplate : None FileSize : 4873838 MimeType : application/pdf QueueForServices : False WebServiceType : None FileManagerId : 75649 HoldingType : 0 DisableDownload : False Accessibility : None Url : https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/DownloadFile/474924 NeedsToBeQueued : False Description : Appendix 7b - Hydrology of Sierra Nevada Network Parks Id : 474924 LastVerified : /Date(-62135571600000)/ FileDescription : SierraNevadaHydrology_Andrews_20120818_nrss.pdf DisplayOrder : 1

Mount Rainier National Park: Natural resource condition assessment Published Report (Item ID: 2218811) National Parks Service (NPS) - IRMA Resource Originally published by the NPS and hosted at: https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/Reference/Profile/2218811 Suggested Citation: Hoffman RL and Others. 2014. Mount Rainier National Park: Natural resource condition assessment. Natural Resource Report. NPS/MORA/NRR—2014/894. National Park Service. Fort Collins, Colorado Because this content was published and publicly released by the Unitesd States federal government, we believe that it is in the Public Domain and have indicated so with the appropriate licensing metadata. This item includes the following files, with JSON-formatted metadata obtained from: https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/Reference/GetHoldings?referenceId=2218811 DisableDownload : False Id : 515207 Accessibility : None Description : Natural resource condition assessment report for Mount Rainier National Park (2014) HoldingType : 0 Url : https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/DownloadFile/515207 FileDescription : NPS_MORA_NRCA_NRR—2014—894.pdf LastVerified : /Date(-62135571600000)/ MimeType : application/pdf FileManagerId : 114747 WebServiceType : None FileSize : 11217635 DisplayOrder : 1 NeedsToBeQueued : False ServiceTemplate : None QueueForServices : False

Aniakchak National Monument and Preserve: Natural resource condition assessment Published Report (Item ID: 2227357) National Parks Service (NPS) - IRMA Resource Originally published by the NPS and hosted at: https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/Reference/Profile/2227357 Suggested Citation: Zanon J and Others. 2016. Aniakchak National Monument and Preserve: Natural resource condition assessment. Natural Resource Report. NPS/ANIA/NRR—2016/1129. National Park Service. Fort Collins, Colorado Because this content was published and publicly released by the Unitesd States federal government, we believe that it is in the Public Domain and have indicated so with the appropriate licensing metadata. This item includes the following files, with JSON-formatted metadata obtained from: https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/Reference/GetHoldings?referenceId=2227357 FileDescription : ZanonJ_2016_ANIA_NaturalResourceConditionAssessment.pdf Accessibility : None Id : 546119 MimeType : application/pdf DisplayOrder : 1 WebServiceType : None QueueForServices : False DisableDownload : False FileManagerId : 181372 Url : https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/DownloadFile/546119 LastVerified : /Date(-62135571600000)/ NeedsToBeQueued : False HoldingType : 0 FileSize : 7497737 ServiceTemplate : None Description : NRCA Report

R41972 The 2010 Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Natural Resource Damage Assessment Under the Oil Pollution Act

R41972 The 2010 Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Natural Resource Damage Assessment Under the Oil Pollution Act

As mandated by the Sikes Act (16 U.S.C. 670a et seq.) as amended, the Secretary of Defense is authorized to carry out a program of planning for, and the development, maintenance, and coordination of, wildlife, fish, and game conservation and rehabilitation on each military reservation. This would be accomplished in accordance with a cooperative plan agreed upon by the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of the Interior, and the appropriate agency for the state in which the reservation is located. Each cooperative plan shall provide for fish and wildlife habitat improvements or modifications; range rehabilitation where necessary to support wildlife; control of offroad vehicle traffic; specific habitat improvement projects and related activities and adequate protection for species of fish, wildlife and plants considered threatened or endangered. As a general rule, once a cooperative plan is agreed to, no sale or lease of land on a military reservation, or sale of forest products from the land, may be undertaken unless the effects of the sale or leasing are compatible with the purposes of the plan. Cooperative plans are to be reviewed at least every five years. The current plan expires on 31 May 2003. Under the Proposed Action, the USAF proposes to implement the INRMP at a level that strives for a healthy balance between natural resource enhancement and stewardship, complimenting the military mission, and availability of resources required to accomplish the stated management goals and objectives. The Proposed Action is similar to the level of implementation under the existing INRMP, implementing 100 percent of the goals identified as high priority, 75 percent of medium priority goals, and 36 percent of low priority goals.

As mandated by the Sikes Act (16 U.S.C. 670a et seq.) as amended, the Secretary of Defense is authorized to carry out a program of planning for, and the development, maintenance, and coordination of, wildlife, fish, and game conservation and rehabilitation on each military reservation. This would be accomplished in accordance with a cooperative plan agreed upon by the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of the Interior, and the appropriate agency for the state in which the reservation is located. Each cooperative plan shall provide for fish and wildlife habitat improvements or modifications; range rehabilitation where necessary to support wildlife; control of offroad vehicle traffic; specific habitat improvement projects and related activities and adequate protection for species of fish, wildlife and plants considered threatened or endangered. As a general rule, once a cooperative plan is agreed to, no sale or lease of land on a military reservation, or sale of forest products from the land, may be undertaken unless the effects of the sale or leasing are compatible with the purposes of the plan. Cooperative plans are to be reviewed at least every five years. The current plan expires on 31 May 2003. Under the Proposed Action, the USAF proposes to implement the INRMP at a level that strives for a healthy balance between natural resource enhancement and stewardship, complimenting the military mission, and availability of resources required to accomplish the stated management goals and objectives. The Proposed Action is similar to the level of implementation under the existing INRMP, implementing 100 percent of the goals identified as high priority, 75 percent of medium priority goals, and 36 percent of low priority goals.

"October 4, 1983."