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195 pages ; 22 cm

A scoping review

The present study seeks to extend our understanding of how negative affect regulation impacts the pain and fatigue experience of patients with multiple sclerosis by inferring affect regulation from within-day changes in affect intensities. Negative affect regulation is defined as maintaining negative affect at or below one’s usual (mean) level between any two moments (i.e., antecedent-focused affect regulation), or recovering back to one’s usual level of negative affect (or below) following a moment of higher than average negative affect (i.e., response-focused affect regulation). We aim to understand what happens to momentary pain intensity and fatigue in adults with multiple sclerosis when a person’s negative affect level is regulated from the previous moment?

Protocol registration for the above topic.

In this week's flagship Lions of Liberty podcast, Marc welcomes the co-owner of Muddied Waters Media and the 2020 Libertarian Party Vice Presidential candidate, Spike Cohen! Spike relays his journey towards embracing the ideas of liberty, along with some twists, turns and \"A-Ha\" moments that made him the bombastic champion of Liberty he is today. From his early days violating child labor laws to his diagnosis with Multiple Sclerosis that forever changed his perspective on life. Spike then takes some questions from our Patreon supporters in the Lions of Liberty Pride, and gives his thoughts on the Mises Caucus/ Dave Smith Libertarian Party \"Takeover.\" Spike has had quite an interesting journey that we can all learn lessons from, so get ready to hear him ROAR! Check out the full video on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XYCuM-fxlXM And on Odysee: lbry://@LionsofLiberty#0/Spike-Cohen#4 You could have asked Spike a question yourself if only you were a member of the Pride! For as little as $5/month you can join the Lions of Liberty Pride on Patreon and access all of our bonus audio content, livestreams, behind-the-scenes segments, and more! Patrons also get 20% off all merchandise at the Lions of Liberty Store, including our hot-off-the-press Taxation is Death T-Shirt! Be sure to listen and subscribe to our friends Nate and Charlie over at Good Morning Liberty! And be sure to support today's other sponsors Lorenzotti Italy over at Lorenzotti.coffee! Don't forget to use discount code \"LIONS\" for 10% off your order

Due to the physical and cognitive deficits experienced by some people living with multiple sclerosis (MS), there is a high probability that a high proportion will be at risk for malnutrition. However, there currently is no clear consensus as to the severity of this issue in the MS population.

The purpose of this study is to provide an updated review and quantitative synthesis of available randomised control trials to assess the effectiveness of CBT in managing depression symptoms for individuals with MS.

Qualitative exploration of experiences of professional psychological support in Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

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Kelly talks to Dr. Lawrence Steinman, a professor of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Pediatrics, and Genetics at Stanford University.Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Kelly talks to Dr. Lawrence Steinman, a professor of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Pediatrics, and Genetics at Stanford University.Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

http://www.doctordavidclark.com/multiplesclerosis Debbie used to suffer with crushing fatigue and crippling from Multiple Sclerosis. Dr. David Clark, DC Functional Neurologist (FACFN) Diplomate College of Clinical Nutrition Board Certified Chiropractic Neurologist Fellow American Board of Vestibular Rehab Vestibular Rehab Specialist (ACNB) 919-401-0444 1515 W. NC Highway 54 Ste 210 Durham, NC 27707 http://drclark.typepad.com http://www.twitter.com/DrDavidClark https://www.facebook.com/pages/Dr-David-Clark-Functional-Neurologist/92451382182 © 2009

In this episode, I want you to meet a young woman who was diagnosed with MS almost 14 years after her mother was diagnosed with same disease. Guest: sarah_flohrHost Andrea Dunn @TeamDunner on Twitter, Instagram and FacebookFor more information on the MS Society of Canada @mssocietycanadaSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Dopamine modulates different Central Nervous System (CNS) functions and regulates neuroimmune interaction in MS (Melnikov, Pashenkov and Boyko, 2021). Many studies (Carandini et al., 2021; Dobryakova et al., 2015; Grech et al., 2019; Manjaly et al., 2019) have shown the involvement of dopamine in fatigue, cognitive impairment, and depression in MS. Changes in brain structure (e.g. structures critical for dopaminergic projections being damaged) cause dopamine imbalance (Dobryakova et al., 2015). For example, a study indicated that high Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) scores showed reduced regional synaptic activity in dopamine-related areas, in MS patients (Roelcke et al., 1997). Another study supporting the dopamine imbalance hypothesis reported that MS patients with high fatigue showed reduced mesocorticolimbic connectivity compared to healthy adults when performing a working memory task (Engstrom et al., 2013). Most research on the dopamine imbalance hypothesis and its relation to fatigue in MS comes from pharmacological studies (Krupp et al.,1995; Pucci et al., 2007; Stankoff et al., 2005; Ledinek et al., 2013) reporting that dopamine agonist reduces fatigue. Further, animal and human research have reported the influence of dopamine on cognition as well, showing an inverted-U shape pattern (Cools and D’Esposito, 2011; Seamans and Yang, 2004), with too little or too much dopamine leading to cognitive impairment. Fatigue seems to follow a similar mechanism (Dobryakova et al., 2015). In a study by Gibbs and D’Esposito (2005) healthy participants that received dopamine agonist showed increased working memory performance. Later, Haret et al., (2009) reported similar results in MS patients. As a result, the dopamine imbalance hypothesis supports a unifying framework of fatigue in research. Lastly, as fatigue and cognitive functions rely on similar neural networks, there is a possibility that dopamine has a modulating effect on fatigue (Dobryakova et al., 2015). Eye-blink rate has long been linked as an indirect measure of dopamine activity. When it comes to neurological and psychiatric disorders, EBR showed significance to dopamine dysregulation. For example, Parkinson’s disease patients show reduced EBR (Agostino et al., 2008, 1987; Aksoy et al., 2014; Biousse et al., 2004; Bologna et al., 2014, 2012; Deuschl and Goddemeier, 1998; Fitzpatrick et al., 2012; Karson et al., 1984b, 1982b; Kimber and Thompson, 2000; Korosec et al., 2006; Reddy et al., 2013; Tamer et al., 2005) as there is progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the striatum (Dauer and Przedborski, 2003). Schizophrenic patients on the other hand, show increased EBR (Adamson, 1995; Chen et al., 1996; Helms and Godwin, 1985; Karson et al., 1984a, 1983, 1981a; Kleinman et al., 1984; Mackert et al., 1988; Ostow and Ostow, 1945; Stevens, 1978b, 1978a; Swarztrauber and Fujikawa, 1998), as their disorder is associated with excessive dopamine activity (Howes et al., 2015). In the same vein, individuals with mild cognitive impairment show increased EBR, which correlates negatively with cognitive performance (Ladas et al., 2014). Further, examining EBR in MS has only been done through startle eyeblink modulation (SEM) (Fox et al., 2016). SEM involves the examination of the size and the speed of the startle eyeblink reflex elicited in the presence and absence of a non-startling “prepulse” stimulus that is paired with the startle stimulus. In a study by Dezmalj-Grbelja et al., 2021), they examined the neurophysiological characteristics of BR in MS and in individuals with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), however they examined blink reflex through visual evoked potentials. They concluded that BR is a useful diagnostic tool in brainstem assessment. Even though there is a well-established link between the role of both dopamine and EBR in MS, there is a surprising lack of research examining EBR in relation to fatigue and executive functions in MS. Such a relationship is notable given the evidence of the imbalance dopamine hypothesis in MS-related symptoms of fatigue and cognitive dysfunction. As a result, we aim to investigate EBR, as an indirect measure of dopamine activity, and its relation to fatigue and executive functions in MS. Our study will represent a critical gap in research and might provide insights into the neurochemical mechanisms of MS. We aim to explore the relationship between MS and EBR in adults. The first section of our study will focus on comparing and matching a sample of MS patients with a control group of healthy older adults. We will examine the differences in EBR between these two groups to better understand the neurochemical implication of MS in relation to Efs, fatigue and aging. We expect that correlation between EBR and EF in MS patients will differ from our first study. In the second section of our study, we will shift our focus on MS patients across different age groups. Our objective will be centered on the progression of MS and its relation to fatigue, EF deficits and potential dopamine imbalance, as measured by EBR. Specifically, we will examine how fatigue changes throughout the lifespan in MS patients comparing the different age groups, and if such effect also affects EBR. By analyzing age-related differences we can better understand if EBR can serve as a reliable marker for fatigue levels in MS in different stages of life. We hypothesize that there will be a distinction between older and younger groups of MS patients in terms of fatigue and EBR patterns. Further we will explore EF deficits across different age groups in MS to gain a better insight into how MS can impact EF over time. Finally, we will further examine whether any EF deficit in MS will correlate to EBR.

Systematic review and meta-analysis with the aim to explore the one-year proportion of one-time and repeated falls in patients with MS and investigate any potential associations with demographic and disease-specific characteristics.

Systematic review and meta-analysis with the aim to explore the one-year proportion of one-time and repeated falls in patients with MS and investigate any potential associations with demographic and disease-specific characteristics.

The purpose of this scoping review is to identify what is reported in the literature on medication self-management toolkits for adults with multiple sclerosis (MS).

xiii, 370 pages : illustrations (some color) ; 26 cm

http://www.doctordavidclark.com/multiple-sclerosis Debbie shares her story of long term success with relief of Multiple Sclerosis pain, fatigue and weakness....getting off permanent disability. Dr. David Clark, DC Functional Neurologist (FACFN) Diplomate College of Clinical Nutrition Board Certified Chiropractic Neurologist Fellow American Board of Vestibular Rehab Vestibular Rehab Specialist (ACNB) 919-401-0444 1515 W. NC Highway 54 Ste 210 Durham, NC 27707 http://drclark.typepad.com http://www.twitter.com/DrDavidClark https://www.facebook.com/pages/Dr-David-Clark-Functional-Neurologist/92451382182 © 2012 David Clark.

http://www.doctordavidclark.com/cms/multiplesclerosis Debra keeps getting better! Her Multiple Sclerosis symptoms are decreasing everyday--less pain, less fatigue...increased stamina and energy. She's starting to live a normal life again. Dr. David Clark THE PLACE FOR ANSWERS Functional Neurologist Functional Endocrinologist Board Certified Chiropractic Neurologist Vestibular Rehab Specialist 214-341-3737 ------------------------ Blog: http://drclark.typepad.com ------------------------- Follow Dr. Clark on Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/DrDavidClark ---------------------- Facebook: http://budurl.com/DrClarkonFacebook

http://www.doctordavidclark.com/cms/multiplesclerosis Debra keeps getting better! Her Multiple Sclerosis symptoms are decreasing everyday--less pain, less fatigue...increased stamina and energy. She's starting to live a normal life again. Dr. David Clark THE PLACE FOR ANSWERS Functional Neurologist Functional Endocrinologist Board Certified Chiropractic Neurologist Vestibular Rehab Specialist 214-341-3737 ------------------------ Blog: http://drclark.typepad.com ------------------------- Follow Dr. Clark on Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/DrDavidClark ---------------------- Facebook: http://budurl.com/DrClarkonFacebook

In this paper, we present a novel automated method for White Matter (WM) lesion segmentation of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patient images. Our approach is based on a cascade of two 3D patch-wise convolutional neural networks (CNN). The first network is trained to be more sensitive revealing possible candidate lesion voxels while the second network is trained to reduce the number of misclassified voxels coming from the first network. This cascaded CNN architecture tends to learn well from small sets of training data, which can be very interesting in practice, given the difficulty to obtain manual label annotations and the large amount of available unlabeled Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) data. We evaluate the accuracy of the proposed method on the public MS lesion segmentation challenge MICCAI2008 dataset, comparing it with respect to other state-of-the-art MS lesion segmentation tools. Furthermore, the proposed method is also evaluated on two private MS clinical datasets, where the performance of our method is also compared with different recent public available state-of-the-art MS lesion segmentation methods. At the time of writing this paper, our method is the best ranked approach on the MICCAI2008 challenge, outperforming the rest of 60 participant methods when using all the available input modalities (T1-w, T2-w and FLAIR), while still in the top-rank (3rd position) when using only T1-w and FLAIR modalities. On clinical MS data, our approach exhibits a significant increase in the accuracy segmenting of WM lesions when compared with the rest of evaluated methods, highly correlating ($r \ge 0.97$) also with the expected lesion volume.

In this paper, we present a novel automated method for White Matter (WM) lesion segmentation of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patient images. Our approach is based on a cascade of two 3D patch-wise convolutional neural networks (CNN). The first network is trained to be more sensitive revealing possible candidate lesion voxels while the second network is trained to reduce the number of misclassified voxels coming from the first network. This cascaded CNN architecture tends to learn well from small sets of training data, which can be very interesting in practice, given the difficulty to obtain manual label annotations and the large amount of available unlabeled Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) data. We evaluate the accuracy of the proposed method on the public MS lesion segmentation challenge MICCAI2008 dataset, comparing it with respect to other state-of-the-art MS lesion segmentation tools. Furthermore, the proposed method is also evaluated on two private MS clinical datasets, where the performance of our method is also compared with different recent public available state-of-the-art MS lesion segmentation methods. At the time of writing this paper, our method is the best ranked approach on the MICCAI2008 challenge, outperforming the rest of 60 participant methods when using all the available input modalities (T1-w, T2-w and FLAIR), while still in the top-rank (3rd position) when using only T1-w and FLAIR modalities. On clinical MS data, our approach exhibits a significant increase in the accuracy segmenting of WM lesions when compared with the rest of evaluated methods, highly correlating ($r \ge 0.97$) also with the expected lesion volume.

Chronic pain is a significant issue for people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS), impacting daily life and overall well-being. While mindfulness interventions are effective in alleviating pain, there is considerable variation in how individuals respond to treatment. Consistent home practice is a key factor in producing therapeutic outcomes. However, a barrier to treatment success occurs when individuals fail to practice mindfulness in daily life. Technology that adapts to people’s circumstances is a promising approach to support mindfulness practice. Prior to development of this technology, it is crucial to identify the needs and perspectives of PwMS. This qualitative study will involve semi-structured interviews with 17 PwMS who have previously participated in mindfulness treatments for pain. We will ask PwMS their perspectives on a mobile health (mHealth) intervention to support mindfulness treatment for pain and gather feedback on suggested prompts and preferred methods of intervention delivery (e.g., SMS text messages) that would support mindfulness practice. A secondary aim will be to inquire about the role of mindfulness on adjustment and identity in PwMS. Interviews will be audio-recorded and transcribed. This project will inform the development of a just-in-time adaptive intervention (JITAI) to complement a group-based mindfulness intervention for pain in PwMS.

This is a registration for a scoping review titled: Characterizing the diversity of the multiple sclerosis population in Canada: a scoping review. This registration includes the protocol for the scoping review

We conduct a scoping review of original studies from inception to February 2020 concerning the cognitive evaluation and rehabilitation for pediatric multiple sclerosis. PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and trial registers (ClinicalTrials.gov, European Union Clinical Trials Register) were searched for pertinent studies. Data charting and synthesis are performed.

The current literature on the prevalence and potential association between disease modifying therapies (DMTs) and cancer risk in the MS population has yielded mixed findings. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is the calculate the prevalence of cancer in patients with MS receiving DMTs.

Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system (CNS). It causes inflammation and demyelination. The gut microbiota (GM) may affect the immune response in MS. Objective: This Systematic Review aims to assess the impact of GM modulation on anti-inflammatory cells and gene expression and regulation of the immune response in MS. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in June and July 2024 across databases including ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed, Wiley and Web of Science, for studies published between 2000 and 2024. Keywords used were ("probiotics") AND ("multiple sclerosis" OR "MS") AND ("immune response" OR "immunomodulation" OR "immune modulation" OR "immune regulation" OR "cytokines" OR "immune system") AND ("efficacy" OR "effectiveness" OR "outcome" OR "clinical trial" OR "clinical study" OR "results"). Two authors independently screened titles, abstracts, and full texts, applying inclusion criteria focused on studies investigating immune response regulation and MS. Results: A total of 12,265 articles were identified, with 249 selected for full-text review, and 26 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. Data extraction was performed on Probiotic/Modulation GM, population, methodology, intervention details, and outcomes. Study quality was assessed using Cochrane and SYRCLE risk of bias tools. The findings revealed that modulation of the intestinal microbiota can regulate the immune response and enhance the expression of anti-inflammatory cells and genes. Conclusions: Modulation of the intestinal microbiota represents a promising strategy to improve the immune response in MS and ameliorate the associated symptoms.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease associated with widespread symptoms across several domains of functioning, such as physical (Gosney et al, 2007), cognitive (Maloni, 2018), social (Kratz et al, 2017), and emotional (Phillips et al, 2014) functioning. Importantly, a common physical symptom in people with MS (PwMS) is bladder dysfunction, which in turn is associated with urinary incontinence (Cincotta et al, 2016). Research suggests that PwMS struggling with incontinence issues tend to limit their water intake to reduce bathroom usage and minimize the likelihood of accidents (Collet et al, 2011; Cincotta et al, 2016). This reduction in water-intake has important consequences. For example, a review of behavioral and neuroimaging studies on dehydration found that a decrease in water intake was associated with higher occurrences of fatigue, decreased levels of physical activity, cognitive and attentional deficits, and mood disturbance (Masento et al, 2014). These findings emphasize the importance of identifying individuals who might be at risk of under-consuming water. In spite of preliminary research suggesting that water intake may be an issue among PwMS, and research highlighting the downstream negative consequences of dehydration, water intake is a largely understudied topic among PwMS. Therefore, it is important to characterize what factors predict water intake for PwMS. In the current study, we aim to examine predictors of water intake in PwMS using baseline data from the TRAC-MS study (Prakash et al., 2022), a randomized controlled trial (RCT) that examined the effects of two 6-month health behavior monitoring interventions.

Importance: The comparative effectiveness of ofatumumab and ocrelizumab in routine care, the two approved anti-CD20 medications for relapse prevention in multiple sclerosis patients, is uncertain. Objective: To compare outcomes of relapse requiring intravenous steroid in patients with multiple sclerosis. Design, setting, and participants: A new-user, 1:1 propensity score matched, population-based cohort study will be conducted in two health care claims databases in the US: Optum Clinformatics and Merative Marketscan (the latter will be included if sufficient numbers of participants can be obtained after data refresh). Between August 20, 2020, and November 30, 2024, patients aged 18 years or older with multiple sclerosis initiating ofatumumab or ocrelizumab treatment will be followed up for 1 year, through November 30, 2024. Main outcomes and measures: The primary outcome is multiple sclerosis relapse requiring intravenous steroid treatment. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that ofatumumab will be superior to ocrelizumab in individuals with multiple sclerosis at preventing MS relapse requiring intravenous steroid.

When the immune system mistakes the tissue covering neural connections as foreign invaders, the result can devastate the body. There is hope, however, in a new radical treatment that resets the immune system. Learn more about your ad-choices at https://www.iheartpodcastnetwork.com

When the immune system mistakes the tissue covering neural connections as foreign invaders, the result can devastate the body. There is hope, however, in a new radical treatment that resets the immune system. Learn more about your ad-choices at https://www.iheartpodcastnetwork.com

Escalation or high-efficacy disease-modifying therapies in multiple sclerosis

This article is from BMC Neurology , volume 13 . Abstract Background: Pediatric multiple sclerosis (MS) is a rare disorder with significant consequences. Quantitative MRI measurements may provide significant insights, however multicenter collaborative studies are needed given the small numbers of subjects. The goal of this study is to demonstrate feasibility and evaluate lesion volume (LV) characteristics in a multicenter cohort of children with MS. Methods: A common MRI-scanning guideline was implemented at six member sites of the U.S. Network of Pediatric MS Centers of Excellence. We included in this study the first ten scans performed at each site on patients meeting the following inclusion criteria: pediatric RRMS within 3 years of disease onset, examination within 1 month of MRI and no steroids 1 month prior to MRI. We quantified T2 number, T2-LV and individual lesion size in a total of 53 MRIs passing quality control procedures and assessed gadolinium-enhancing lesion number and LV in 55 scans. We studied MRI measures according to demographic features including age, race, ethnicity and disability scores, controlling for disease duration and treatment duration using negative binomial regression and linear regression. Results: The mean number of T2 lesions was 24.30 ± 19.68 (range:1–113) and mean gadolinium-enhancing lesion count was 1.85 ± 5.84, (range:0–32). Individual lesion size ranged from 14.31 to 55750.60 mm3. Non-white subjects had higher T2–LV (unadjusted pT2-LV = 0.028; adjusted pT2-LV = 0.044), and maximal individual T2-LV (unadjusted pMax = 0.007; adjusted pMax = 0.011) than white patients. We also found a trend toward larger mean lesion size in males than females (p = 0.07). Conclusion: Assessment of MRI lesion LV characteristics is feasible in a multicenter cohort of children with MS.

This article is from Frontiers in Human Neuroscience , volume 8 . Abstract Recent research on music and brain function has suggested that the temporal pattern structure in music and rhythm can enhance cognitive functions. To further elucidate this question specifically for memory, we investigated if a musical template can enhance verbal learning in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and if music-assisted learning will also influence short-term, system-level brain plasticity. We measured systems-level brain activity with oscillatory network synchronization during music-assisted learning. Specifically, we measured the spectral power of 128-channel electroencephalogram (EEG) in alpha and beta frequency bands in 54 patients with MS. The study sample was randomly divided into two groups, either hearing a spoken or a musical (sung) presentation of Rey’s auditory verbal learning test. We defined the “learning-related synchronization” (LRS) as the percent change in EEG spectral power from the first time the word was presented to the average of the subsequent word encoding trials. LRS differed significantly between the music and the spoken conditions in low alpha and upper beta bands. Patients in the music condition showed overall better word memory and better word order memory and stronger bilateral frontal alpha LRS than patients in the spoken condition. The evidence suggests that a musical mnemonic recruits stronger oscillatory network synchronization in prefrontal areas in MS patients during word learning. It is suggested that the temporal structure implicit in musical stimuli enhances “deep encoding” during verbal learning and sharpens the timing of neural dynamics in brain networks degraded by demyelination in MS.

This article is from Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research , volume 19 . Abstract Background:: The broad spectrum of problems caused by multiple sclerosis (MS) imposes heavy responsibility to caregivers in caring of their patients. Therefore, they encounter many issues and challenges in this situation. The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences and challenges of MS family caregivers. Materials and Methods:: A qualitative design, based on a thematic analysis approach, was used to reach the study aim. Data were collected and analyzed concurrently through in-depth unstructured interviews, field notes, and observations that were held with 23 participants (14 family caregivers and 9 MS patients) at two referral centers in Ahvaz, Iran. Findings:: Three major themes were extracted from the analysis of the transcripts: “emotional exhaustion of caregivers,” “uncertain atmosphere of caring,” and “insularity care.” The first theme consisted of three subthemes: “stressful atmosphere of caring,” “conflict and animism,” and “continuing distress affecting the caregiver.” The second theme consisted of three subthemes: “unstable and complicacy of disease,” “caring with trial and error,” and “frequent hospitalization of patients,” and the third theme consisted of two subthemes: “caring gap and disintegration” and “lack of sufficient support.” Conclusions:: This study will be useful to healthcare system for managing the challenges of MS patients’ family caregivers. Improving the conditions and performance of family caregivers is crucial in order to provide high-quality care to people with MS.

This article is from Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research , volume 19 . Abstract Background:: The broad spectrum of problems caused by multiple sclerosis (MS) imposes heavy responsibility to caregivers in caring of their patients. Therefore, they encounter many issues and challenges in this situation. The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences and challenges of MS family caregivers. Materials and Methods:: A qualitative design, based on a thematic analysis approach, was used to reach the study aim. Data were collected and analyzed concurrently through in-depth unstructured interviews, field notes, and observations that were held with 23 participants (14 family caregivers and 9 MS patients) at two referral centers in Ahvaz, Iran. Findings:: Three major themes were extracted from the analysis of the transcripts: “emotional exhaustion of caregivers,” “uncertain atmosphere of caring,” and “insularity care.” The first theme consisted of three subthemes: “stressful atmosphere of caring,” “conflict and animism,” and “continuing distress affecting the caregiver.” The second theme consisted of three subthemes: “unstable and complicacy of disease,” “caring with trial and error,” and “frequent hospitalization of patients,” and the third theme consisted of two subthemes: “caring gap and disintegration” and “lack of sufficient support.” Conclusions:: This study will be useful to healthcare system for managing the challenges of MS patients’ family caregivers. Improving the conditions and performance of family caregivers is crucial in order to provide high-quality care to people with MS.

This article is from Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research , volume 19 . Abstract Background:: The broad spectrum of problems caused by multiple sclerosis (MS) imposes heavy responsibility to caregivers in caring of their patients. Therefore, they encounter many issues and challenges in this situation. The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences and challenges of MS family caregivers. Materials and Methods:: A qualitative design, based on a thematic analysis approach, was used to reach the study aim. Data were collected and analyzed concurrently through in-depth unstructured interviews, field notes, and observations that were held with 23 participants (14 family caregivers and 9 MS patients) at two referral centers in Ahvaz, Iran. Findings:: Three major themes were extracted from the analysis of the transcripts: “emotional exhaustion of caregivers,” “uncertain atmosphere of caring,” and “insularity care.” The first theme consisted of three subthemes: “stressful atmosphere of caring,” “conflict and animism,” and “continuing distress affecting the caregiver.” The second theme consisted of three subthemes: “unstable and complicacy of disease,” “caring with trial and error,” and “frequent hospitalization of patients,” and the third theme consisted of two subthemes: “caring gap and disintegration” and “lack of sufficient support.” Conclusions:: This study will be useful to healthcare system for managing the challenges of MS patients’ family caregivers. Improving the conditions and performance of family caregivers is crucial in order to provide high-quality care to people with MS.

This article is from Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research , volume 19 . Abstract Background:: The broad spectrum of problems caused by multiple sclerosis (MS) imposes heavy responsibility to caregivers in caring of their patients. Therefore, they encounter many issues and challenges in this situation. The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences and challenges of MS family caregivers. Materials and Methods:: A qualitative design, based on a thematic analysis approach, was used to reach the study aim. Data were collected and analyzed concurrently through in-depth unstructured interviews, field notes, and observations that were held with 23 participants (14 family caregivers and 9 MS patients) at two referral centers in Ahvaz, Iran. Findings:: Three major themes were extracted from the analysis of the transcripts: “emotional exhaustion of caregivers,” “uncertain atmosphere of caring,” and “insularity care.” The first theme consisted of three subthemes: “stressful atmosphere of caring,” “conflict and animism,” and “continuing distress affecting the caregiver.” The second theme consisted of three subthemes: “unstable and complicacy of disease,” “caring with trial and error,” and “frequent hospitalization of patients,” and the third theme consisted of two subthemes: “caring gap and disintegration” and “lack of sufficient support.” Conclusions:: This study will be useful to healthcare system for managing the challenges of MS patients’ family caregivers. Improving the conditions and performance of family caregivers is crucial in order to provide high-quality care to people with MS.

Liz Trapp and Tammy Willis of National Multiple Sclerosis Society discuss what the organization is about and how they can help people with MS.

Council for Tobacco Research Records; abstract; st strives to understand relationship between immune system and neurological diseases

This article is from Journal of Neuroinflammation , volume 10 . Abstract Background: Macrophages play a dual role in multiple sclerosis (MS) pathology. They can exert neuroprotective and growth promoting effects but also contribute to tissue damage by production of inflammatory mediators. The effector function of macrophages is determined by the way they are activated. Stimulation of monocyte-derived macrophages in vitro with interferon-γ and lipopolysaccharide results in classically activated (CA/M1) macrophages, and activation with interleukin 4 induces alternatively activated (AA/M2) macrophages. Methods: For this study, the expression of a panel of typical M1 and M2 markers on human monocyte derived M1 and M2 macrophages was analyzed using flow cytometry. This revealed that CD40 and mannose receptor (MR) were the most distinctive markers for human M1 and M2 macrophages, respectively. Using a panel of M1 and M2 markers we next examined the activation status of macrophages/microglia in MS lesions, normal appearing white matter and healthy control samples. Results: Our data show that M1 markers, including CD40, CD86, CD64 and CD32 were abundantly expressed by microglia in normal appearing white matter and by activated microglia and macrophages throughout active demyelinating MS lesions. M2 markers, such as MR and CD163 were expressed by myelin-laden macrophages in active lesions and perivascular macrophages. Double staining with anti-CD40 and anti-MR revealed that approximately 70% of the CD40-positive macrophages in MS lesions also expressed MR, indicating that the majority of infiltrating macrophages and activated microglial cells display an intermediate activation status. Conclusions: Our findings show that, although macrophages in active MS lesions predominantly display M1 characteristics, a major subset of macrophages have an intermediate activation status.

John has opened a Substack, https://substack.com/@johninengland Covid-19 vaccination can induce multiple sclerosis via cross-reactive CD4+ T cells recognizing SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and myelin peptides https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/global-literature-on-novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov/resource/pt/covidwho-2138820?lang=en Both natural infection and the mRNA based vaccinations can be accompanied by transient autoimmune phenomena, or onset of autoimmune diseases. Objective Two cases of multiple sclerosis (MS), with clinical and new radiological signs, beginning in close temporal relation to spike (S) protein mRNA based vaccinations. Aim The onset of MS in these two cases is very likely caused by CD4+ T cell clones, that cross-recognize SARSCoV- 2 S protein, from myelin proteins. Method Spike specific CD4+ T cells from peripheral blood, and CD4+ T cells from CSF sample were isolated, then underwent autoantigen screening test. (An endogenous antigen that stimulates the production of autoantibodies) A list of well-known MS related autoantigens, Result(s) Self-reactive T cells were detected from Spike specific T cell population, also showed reactivity to MBP, MOG, (Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein) peptides PLP peptide pools. Multiple sclerosis and myelin basic protein: insights into protein disorder and disease https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8810476/ Myelin basic protein (MBP) is an abundant protein in central nervous system (CNS) myelin. MBP has long been studied as a factor in the pathogenesis of the autoimmune neurodegenerative disease multiple sclerosis (MS). MS is characterized by CNS inflammation, demyelination, and axonal loss. Finally, we found proinflammatory T cell clones, that recognize both Spike protein and immunodominant Myelin basic protein peptides, and Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) peptides, which have previously been implicated in MS. Conclusion(s) Detailed studies of both peripheral blood, and CSF derived CD4+ T cells show that the onset of MS in these two cases is very likely caused by CD4+ T cell clones that cross-recognize SARS-CoV-2 S protein derived peptides and peptides derived from myelin proteins, which have previously been implicated in MS. Posts misrepresent research on multiple sclerosis and COVID-19 vaccines found in WHO database https://apnews.com/article/fact-check-WHO-COVID-multiple-sclerosis-591321248797 New diagnosis of multiple sclerosis in the setting of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine exposure (January 2022) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34922126/ Multiple sclerosis (MS) with onset in the setting of acute SARS-CoV-2 virus infection has been reported, and reactivation of MS following non-mRNA COVID-19 vaccination has been noted, There have been three reports of newly diagnosed MS following exposure to mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. The association cannot be determined to be causal, We report a series of 5 cases of newly diagnosed MS following recent exposure to mRNA COVID-19 vaccines. Latency from vaccination to initial presentation varied. Neurological manifestations and clinical course appeared to be typical for MS, including response to high dose steroids Conclusion Acute neurological deficits in the setting of recent mRNA COVID-19 vaccine administration may represent new onset multiple sclerosis. Hold a parliamentary vote on whether to reject amendments to the IHR 2005 https://petition.parliament.uk/petitions/635904 https://twitter.com/Johnincarlisle We are concerned that Parliament has not discussed and will not have a say on the 307 proposed amendments to the International Health Regulations, AND the amendments to 5 Articles of the IHR that were ADOPTED by the 75th World Health Assembly on 27 May 2022.

Multiple sclerosis is a disabling disease of the central nervous system involving an immune-mediated process. Subscribe on YouTube: https://bit.ly/2JjpnIb - - - - - - - - - - - - - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Newsweek Twitter: https://twitter.com/Newsweek Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/Newsweek

MS Awareness Week is March 14 - 18. In this mini-documentary, we meet two public servants, a high school teacher and a Sheriff's Deputy, each battling Multiple Sclerosis. Listen as they share their stories of diagnosis, treatment, and hope found every day in their life's walk with MS.

guest Shannon O'Donnell, Kelly Sterling, and Maggie Cosgrove

Visit: www.aepmssorority.org Subscribe to DETV: https://bit.ly/3pkKdxQ FOLLOW DETV Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/DeTv302/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/detv28/?hl=en Twitter: https://twitter.com/DeTvch TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@detv28?lang=en WWW.DETVCH.COM DETV is dedicated to changing the narrative of the wonderful state of Delaware! We are focusing on nothing but positive stories that highlight people, organizations & communities!

This scoping review aimed to evaluate the evidence of effectiveness, in controlled studies, of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions to reduce fatigue in patients with MS.

When Dr. Katherine Knox first arrived in Saskatchewan more than two decades ago, the province covered one prescription drug for patients with Multiple Sclerosis. Beyond that, patients had to pay for drugs out-of-pocket. Today, Knox said the province reimburses MS patients for 14 different drugs. \"MS is an expensive disease on many levels,\" said Knox, noting Saskatchewan's coverage is now the most favourable for MS patients anywhere in Canada. In Saskatchewan, three in 1,000 people have Multiple Sclerosis - one of the highest incidences of Multiple Sclerosis in the world. As treatments improve, the number of people living with this chronic autoimmune disease is rising. \"It's probably a combination of genetic and environmental factors that play a role,\" said Knox, who first learned about the disease as a student volunteer with the MS Society of Canada. \"Everyone had such a unique disease experience,\" Knox said. \"So I just became more curious.\" Her research these days focuses on non-drug approaches which prevent the onset of disability. After 15 years with the disease, it's estimated roughly half of MS patients need a cane or walking aid. \"Understandably many people don't want to use a walker for good reason,\" said Knox. \"It's bulky, it's awkward, it certainly lets people know that you have an issue with your walking.\" To delay that, Knox turned to researchers at the College of Kinesiology's Biomechanics of Balance and Movement Lab, to look at the power of a 'light touch'. The goal is to help people with MS regain - and keep - their balance and mobility. \"Patients would tell us you know when I walk the dog and hold the leash, my balance feels better. Or when I lightly touch the back of the chair I can be re-orientated,\" she said. By teaming up with Dr. Alison Oates, fourth-year resident Najala Orrell, and Pawan Kumar, an engineer and kinesiology research fellow, Knox studies patients' balance and stability, using various haptic inputs. \"Even just a light touch on a walker or perhaps a different object can help them regain their balance,\" said Knox. In this episode, she said keeping her patients moving and avoiding falls is crucial. \"We do need innovation and technology to come up with ways that can provide sensory feedback that would be discreet, socially acceptable, and easy to use,\" said Knox.

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