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Regulatory control in biological systems is exerted at all levels within the central dogma of biology. Metabolites are the end products of all cellular regulatory processes and reflect the ultimate outcome of potential changes suggested by genomics and proteomics caused by an environmental stimulus or genetic modification. Following on the heels of genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics, metabolomics has become an inevitable part of complete-system biology because none of the lower "-omics" alone provide direct information about how changes in mRNA or protein are coupled to changes in biological function. The challenges are much greater than those encountered in genomics because of the greater number of metabolites and the greater diversity of their chemical structures and properties. To meet these challenges, much developmental work is needed, including (1) methodologies for unbiased extraction of metabolites and subsequent quantification, (2) algorithms for systematic identification of metabolites, (3) expertise and competency in handling a large amount of information (data set), and (4) integration of metabolomics with other "omics" and data mining (implication of the information). This article reviews the project accomplishments.

Calculations have been carried out on the photoionization of OII (4S0, 2D0, and 2P0) and on the photoionization of NI (4S0, 2D0, and 2P0). An explanation has been advanced for the enhanced abundance of heavy ozone in the stratosphere. A published proposal for resolving the apparent ozone deficiency in the region above the 95 km level has been examined and shown to be unsatisfactory. A method has been devised whereby the low density limit to the rate coefficient for the termolecular association of ions and polar molecules may be found from measurements on the rate coefficient even outside the region where third order kinetics prevail. The theory of radiative association when the stabilization is brought about by an electronic transition has been developed. Photoionization of Sulfur, Oxygen, Deuterium, Heavy ozone, Phosphorous, Termolecular, Radiative association, Ozone layer, Atmosphere.

Calculations have been carried out on the photoionization of OII (4S0, 2D0, and 2P0) and on the photoionization of NI (4S0, 2D0, and 2P0). An explanation has been advanced for the enhanced abundance of heavy ozone in the stratosphere. A published proposal for resolving the apparent ozone deficiency in the region above the 95 km level has been examined and shown to be unsatisfactory. A method has been devised whereby the low density limit to the rate coefficient for the termolecular association of ions and polar molecules may be found from measurements on the rate coefficient even outside the region where third order kinetics prevail. The theory of radiative association when the stabilization is brought about by an electronic transition has been developed. Photoionization of Sulfur, Oxygen, Deuterium, Heavy ozone, Phosphorous, Termolecular, Radiative association, Ozone layer, Atmosphere.