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Council for Tobacco Research Records; abstract; st refers to vip as potent stimulator of growth in cultured embryos

Council for Tobacco Research Records; abstract; st refers to vip as potent stimulator of growth in cultured embryos

This project is to study the mechanisms of regulation of the EGFR during the cell cycle, in breast epithelial cells. Especially how cell which overexpress EGFR can overcome the negative regulation. We plan to use this negative regulation of the EGFR during the M phase of the cell cycle to develop a novel therapeutic strategy that uses the combination of EGF-PE and taxol as treatment. In trying to elucidate the mechanism of action of EGFR we have shown that cdc2 which can physically associate with neu, cannot associate with EGFR. Also we have shown that in vitro with treatment of EGF-PE and taxol together we do see that EGFR overexpressing cells are selectively killed, i.e. normal cells are protected from the EGF-PE by taxol treatment This novel approach may be a potential therapeutic strategy to treat breast cancer patients in the future. In addition to our proposed work we have discovered that cyclin Dl which is unregulated by EGFR can also be up regulated by beta-catenin. This work while not directly related to this proposal does help in understanding EGFR signaling pathways. Also this is a very novel finding of the correlation of the unregulation of beta-catenin and breast cancer.

The Split Of My Face

"A New Interpretation of Mitosis" is an article from Botanical Gazette, Volume 57 . View more articles from Botanical Gazette . View this article on JSTOR . View this article's JSTOR metadata . You may also retrieve all of this items metadata in JSON at the following URL: https://archive.org/metadata/jstor-2468650

"Mitosis in Fucus" is an article from Botanical Gazette, Volume 47 . View more articles from Botanical Gazette . View this article on JSTOR . View this article's JSTOR metadata . You may also retrieve all of this items metadata in JSON at the following URL: https://archive.org/metadata/jstor-2467558

This article is from PLoS Genetics , volume 10 . Abstract None

mitosis review

This article is from The Journal of Cell Biology , volume 200 . Abstract The chromosome-centered RanGTP gradient, which is strongly reduced in slow-growing normal cells, is amplified by chromosomal gain and is required for mitosis in rapidly growing aneuploid cells.

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Fun fact: we got scammed into making this rap battle match-up. Oh well, we ended up with an awesome collab with NemRaps from Nerdout.

Fun fact: we got scammed into making this rap battle match-up. Oh well, we ended up with an awesome collab with NemRaps from Nerdout.

This article is from Frontiers in Oncology , volume 4 . Abstract The final stage of cell division (mitosis), involves the compaction of the duplicated genome into chromatid pairs. Each pair is captured by microtubules emanating from opposite spindle poles, aligned at the metaphase plate, and then faithfully segregated to form two identical daughter cells. Chromatids that are not correctly attached to the spindle are detected by the constitutively active spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). Any stress that prevents correct bipolar spindle attachment, blocks the satisfaction of the SAC, and induces a prolonged mitotic arrest, providing the cell time to obtain attachment and complete segregation correctly. Unfortunately, during mitosis repairing damage is not generally possible due to the compaction of DNA into chromosomes, and subsequent suppression of gene transcription and translation. Therefore, in the presence of significant damage cell death is instigated to ensure that genomic stability is maintained. While most stresses lead to an arrest in mitosis, some promote premature mitotic exit, allowing cells to bypass mitotic cell death. This mini-review will focus on the effects and outcomes that common stresses have on mitosis, and how this impacts on the efficacy of mitotic chemotherapies.

This article is from Nucleus , volume 4 . Abstract In eukaryotes, chromosomes are encased by a dynamic nuclear envelope. In contrast to metazoans, where the nuclear envelope disassembles during mitosis, many fungi including budding yeast undergo “closed mitosis,” where the nuclear envelope remains intact throughout the cell cycle. Consequently, during closed mitosis the nuclear envelope must expand to accommodate chromosome segregation to the two daughter cells. A recent study by Witkin et al. in budding yeast showed that if progression through mitosis is delayed, for example due to checkpoint activation, the nuclear envelope continues to expand despite the block to chromosome segregation. Moreover, this expansion occurs at a specific region of the nuclear envelope- adjacent to the nucleolus- forming an extension referred to as a “flare.” These observations raise questions regarding the regulation of nuclear envelope expansion both in budding yeast and in higher eukaryotes, the mechanisms confining mitotic nuclear envelope expansion to a particular region and the possible consequences of failing to regulate nuclear envelope expansion during the cell cycle.

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cuadro comparativo mitosis y meiosis

cuadro comparativo mitosis y meiosis

We describe an elementary convex geometric algorithm for realizing Schubert cycles in complete flag varieties by unions of faces of polytopes. For GL_n and Gelfand--Zetlin polytopes, combinatorics of this algorithm coincides with that of the mitosis on pipe dreams introduced by Knutson and Miller. For Sp_4 and a Newton--Okounkov polytope of the symplectic flag variety, the algorithm yields a new combinatorial rule that extends to Sp_{2n}.

"Studies on the Relation between Amitosis and Mitosis. 1. Development of the Ovaries and Oögenesis in Moniezia" is an article from Biological Bulletin, Volume 12 . View more articles from Biological Bulletin . View this article on JSTOR . View this article's JSTOR metadata . You may also retrieve all of this items metadata in JSON at the following URL: https://archive.org/metadata/jstor-1535772

"Mitosis and Multiple Fission in Trichomonad Flagellates" is an article from Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Volume 51 . View more articles from Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences . View this article on JSTOR . View this article's JSTOR metadata . You may also retrieve all of this items metadata in JSON at the following URL: https://archive.org/metadata/jstor-20025580

This article is from The Plant Journal , volume 69 . Abstract DNA damage checkpoints delay mitotic cell-cycle progression in response to DNA stress, stalling the cell cycle to allow time for repair. CDKB is a plant-specific cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) that is required for the G2/M transition of the cell cycle. In Arabidopsis, DNA damage leads the degradation of CDKB2, and the subsequent G2 arrest gives cells time to repair damaged DNA. G2 arrest also triggers transition from the mitotic cycle to endoreduplication, leading to the presence of polyploid cells in many tissues. In contrast, in rice (Oryza sativa), polyploid cells are found only in the endosperm. It was unclear whether endoreduplication contributes to alleviating DNA damage in rice (Oryza sativa). Here, we show that DNA damage neither down-regulates Orysa;CDKB2;1 nor induces endoreduplication in rice. Furthermore, we found increased levels of Orysa;CDKB2;1 protein upon DNA damage. These results suggest that CDKB2 functions differently in Arabidopsis and rice in response to DNA damage. Arabidopsis may adopt endoreduplication as a survival strategy under genotoxic stress conditions, but rice may enhance DNA repair capacity upon genotoxic stress. In addition, polyploid cells due to endomitosis were present in CDKB2;1 knockdown rice, suggesting an important role for Orysa;CDKB2;1 during mitosis.

This article is from Breast Cancer Research : BCR , volume 14 . Abstract Introduction: Increased mammographic breast density is one of the strongest risk factors for breast cancer. While two-thirds of the variation in mammographic density appears to be genetically influenced, few variants have been identified. We examined the association of inherited variation in genes from pathways that mediate cell division with percent mammographic density (PMD) adjusted for age, body mass index (BMI) and postmenopausal hormones, in two studies of healthy postmenopausal women. Methods: We investigated 2,058 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 378 genes involved in regulation of mitosis for associations with adjusted PMD among 484 unaffected postmenopausal controls (without breast cancer) from the Mayo Clinic Breast Cancer Study (MCBCS) and replicated the findings in postmenopausal controls (n = 726) from the Singapore and Sweden Breast Cancer Study (SASBAC) study. PMD was assessed in both studies by a computer-thresholding method (Cumulus) and linear regression approaches were used to assess the association of SNPs and PMD, adjusted for age, BMI and postmenopausal hormones. A P-value threshold of 4.2 × 10-5 based on a Bonferroni correction of effective number of independent tests was used for statistical significance. Further, a pathway-level analysis was conducted of all 378 genes using the self-contained gene-set analysis method GLOSSI. Results: A variant in PRPF4, rs10733604, was significantly associated with adjusted PMD in the MCBCS (P = 2.7 × 10-7), otherwise, no single SNP was associated with PMD. Additionally, the pathway analysis provided no evidence of enrichment in the number of associations observed between SNPs in the mitotic genes and PMD (P = 0.60). We evaluated rs10733604 (PRPF4), and 73 other SNPs at P < 0.05 from 51 genes in the SASBAC study. There was no evidence of an association of rs10733604 (PRPF4) with adjusted PMD in SASBAC (P = 0.23). There were, however, consistent associations (P < 0.05) of variants at the putative locus, LOC375190, Aurora B kinase (AURKB), and Mini-chromosome maintenance complex component 3 (MCM3) with adjusted PMD, although these were not statistically significant. Conclusions: Our findings do not support a role of inherited variation in genes involved in regulation of cell division and adjusted percent mammographic density in postmenopausal women.

This article is from PLoS ONE , volume 8 . Abstract Dyskerin is a highly conserved, nucleolar RNA-binding protein with established roles in small nuclear ribonucleoprotein biogenesis, telomerase and telomere maintenance and precursor rRNA processing. Telomerase is functional during S phase and the bulk of rRNA maturation occurs during G1 and S phases; both processes are inactivated during mitosis. Yet, we show that during the course of cell cycle progression, human dyskerin expression peaks during G2/M in parallel with the upregulation of pro-mitotic factors. Dyskerin redistributed from the nucleolus in interphase cells to the perichromosomal region during prometaphase, metaphase and anaphase. With continued anaphase progression, dyskerin also localized to the cytoplasm within the mid-pole region. Loss of dyskerin function via siRNA-mediated depletion promoted G2/M accumulation and this was accompanied by an increased mitotic index and activation of the spindle assembly checkpoint. Live cell imaging further revealed an array of mitotic defects including delayed prometaphase progression, a significantly increased incidence of multi-polar spindles, and anaphase bridges culminating in micronucleus formation. Together, these findings suggest that dyskerin is a highly dynamic protein throughout the cell cycle and increases the repertoire of fundamental cellular processes that are disrupted by absence of its normal function.

"A Statistical Study of Mitosis and Amitosis in the Entoderm of Fasciolaria tulipa, Var. Distans" is an article from Biological Bulletin, Volume 14 . View more articles from Biological Bulletin . View this article on JSTOR . View this article's JSTOR metadata . You may also retrieve all of this items metadata in JSON at the following URL: https://archive.org/metadata/jstor-1535615

"The Effect of Some Toxic Solutions on Mitosis" is an article from Botanical Gazette, Volume 49 . View more articles from Botanical Gazette . View this article on JSTOR . View this article's JSTOR metadata . You may also retrieve all of this items metadata in JSON at the following URL: https://archive.org/metadata/jstor-2467302

"Mitosis in Spinacia" is an article from Botanical Gazette, Volume 52 . View more articles from Botanical Gazette . View this article on JSTOR . View this article's JSTOR metadata . You may also retrieve all of this items metadata in JSON at the following URL: https://archive.org/metadata/jstor-2466515

"Mitosis in Preissia" is an article from Botanical Gazette, Volume 58 . View more articles from Botanical Gazette . View this article on JSTOR . View this article's JSTOR metadata . You may also retrieve all of this items metadata in JSON at the following URL: https://archive.org/metadata/jstor-2467889

Streamed at twitch.tv/illumina1337, 15 April 2023. 

This article is from The Journal of Cell Biology , volume 198 . Abstract Different cyclin types have distinct abilities to reverse the S-phase checkpoint, and timely entry into mitosis after embryonic S phase requires collaborative action of multiple cyclin types.

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"Studies on the Relation between Amitosis and Mitosis. II. Development of the Testes and Spermatogenesis in Moniezia (Continued)" is an article from Biological Bulletin, Volume 12 . View more articles from Biological Bulletin . View this article on JSTOR . View this article's JSTOR metadata . You may also retrieve all of this items metadata in JSON at the following URL: https://archive.org/metadata/jstor-1535812

"A Mitosis in the Malpighian Tubules of the Walking-Stick (Diapheromera femorata)" is an article from Biological Bulletin, Volume 14 . View more articles from Biological Bulletin . View this article on JSTOR . View this article's JSTOR metadata . You may also retrieve all of this items metadata in JSON at the following URL: https://archive.org/metadata/jstor-1535720

presentation for mitosis review

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This article is from Cell Death & Disease , volume 5 . Abstract The disruption of DNA replication in cells triggers checkpoint responses that slow-down S-phase progression and protect replication fork integrity. These checkpoints are also determinants of cell fate and can help maintain cell viability or trigger cell death pathways. CHK1 has a pivotal role in such S-phase responses. It helps maintain fork integrity during replication stress and protects cells from several catastrophic fates including premature mitosis, premature chromosome condensation and apoptosis. Here we investigated the role of CHK1 in protecting cancer cells from premature mitosis and apoptosis. We show that premature mitosis (characterized by the induction of histone H3 phosphorylation, aberrant chromatin condensation, and persistent RPA foci in arrested S-phase cells) is induced in p53-deficient tumour cells depleted of CHK1 when DNA synthesis is disrupted. These events are accompanied by an activation of Aurora kinase B in S-phase cells that is essential for histone H3 Ser10 phosphorylation. Histone H3 phosphorylation precedes the induction of apoptosis in p53−/− tumour cell lines but does not appear to be required for this fate as an Aurora kinase inhibitor suppresses phosphorylation of both Aurora B and histone H3 but has little effect on cell death. In contrast, only a small fraction of p53+/+ tumour cells shows this premature mitotic response, although they undergo a more rapid and robust apoptotic response. Taken together, our results suggest a novel role for CHK1 in the control of Aurora B activation during DNA replication stress and support the idea that premature mitosis is a distinct cell fate triggered by the disruption of DNA replication when CHK1 function is suppressed.

"A Bibliography of Mitosis" is an article from Botanical Gazette, Volume 57 . View more articles from Botanical Gazette . View this article on JSTOR . View this article's JSTOR metadata . You may also retrieve all of this items metadata in JSON at the following URL: https://archive.org/metadata/jstor-2468736

"Periodicity in Mitosis" is an article from Botanical Gazette, Volume 61 . View more articles from Botanical Gazette . View this article on JSTOR . View this article's JSTOR metadata . You may also retrieve all of this items metadata in JSON at the following URL: https://archive.org/metadata/jstor-2469547

This article is from Nucleic Acids Research , volume 42 . Abstract Various types of human cancers exhibit amplification or deletion of KDM4A-D members, which selectively demethylate H3K9 and H3K36, thus implicating their activity in promoting carcinogenesis. On this basis, it was hypothesized that dysregulated expression of KDM4A-D family promotes chromosomal instabilities by largely unknown mechanisms. Here, we show that unlike KDM4A-B, KDM4C is associated with chromatin during mitosis. This association is accompanied by a decrease in the mitotic levels of H3K9me3. We also show that the C-terminal region, containing the Tudor domains of KDM4C, is essential for its association with mitotic chromatin. More specifically, we show that R919 residue on the proximal Tudor domain of KDM4C is critical for its association with chromatin during mitosis. Interestingly, we demonstrate that depletion or overexpression of KDM4C, but not KDM4B, leads to over 3-fold increase in the frequency of abnormal mitotic cells showing either misaligned chromosomes at metaphase, anaphase–telophase lagging chromosomes or anaphase–telophase bridges. Furthermore, overexpression of KDM4C demethylase-dead mutant has no detectable effect on mitotic chromosome segregation. Altogether, our findings implicate KDM4C demethylase activity in regulating the fidelity of mitotic chromosome segregation by a yet unknown mechanism.

This article is from Cell Division , volume 8 . Abstract Background: During mitosis most nucleolar proteins redistribute to other locales providing an opportunity to study the relationship between nucleolar protein localization and function. Dictyostelium is a model organism for the study of several fundamental biological processes and human diseases but only two nucleolar proteins have been studied during mitosis: NumA1 and Snf12. Both of them are linked to the cell cycle. To acquire a better understanding of nucleolar protein localization and dynamics in Dictyostelium we studied the nucleolar localization of two additional proteins during mitosis: Snf12-linked forkhead-associated kinase A (FhkA), which is involved in the cell cycle, and Ca2+-binding protein 4a (CBP4a), which is a binding partner of NumA1. Methods: Polyclonal antibodies were produced in-house. Cells were fixed and probed with either anti-FhkA or anti-CBP4a in order to determine cellular localization during interphase and throughout the stages of mitosis. Colocalization with DAPI nuclear stain allowed us to determine the location of the nucleus and nucleolus while colocalization with anti-α-tubulin allowed us to determine the cell cycle stage. Results: Here we verify two novel nucleolar proteins, Rad53 homologue FhkA which localized around the edge of the nucleolus and CBP4a which was detected throughout the entire nucleolus. Treatment with the Ca2+ chelator BAPTA (5 mM) showed that the nucleolar localization of CBP4a is Ca2+-dependent. In response to actinomycin D (0.05 mg/mL) CBP4a disappeared from the nucleolus while FhkA protruded from the nucleus, eventually pinching off as cytoplasmic circles. FhkA and CBP4a redistributed differently during mitosis. FhkA redistributed throughout the entire cell and at the nuclear envelope region from prometaphase through telophase. In contrast, during prometaphase CBP4a relocated to many large, discrete “CBP4a islands” throughout the nucleoplasm. Two larger “CBP4a islands” were also detected specifically at the metaphase plate region. Conclusions: FhkA and CBP4a represent the sixth and seventh nucleolar proteins that have been verified to date in Dictyostelium and the third and fourth studied during mitosis. The protein-specific distributions of all of these nucleolar proteins during interphase and mitosis provide unique insight into nucleolar protein dynamics in this model organism setting the stage for future work.

On Mitosis in Proliferating Epithelium. Barratt, J. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Containing Papers of a Biological Character (1905-1934). 1907-07-08. 79 (533):372–377

A biology video on mitosis

"Studies on the Relation between Amitosis and Mitosis. IV. Nuclear Division in the Somatic Structures of the Proglottids of Moniezia. V. General Discussion and Conclusions concerning Amitosis and Mitosis in Moniezia" is an article from Biological Bulletin, Volume 13 . View more articles from Biological Bulletin . View this article on JSTOR . View this article's JSTOR metadata . You may also retrieve all of this items metadata in JSON at the following URL: https://archive.org/metadata/jstor-1535693

"Studies on the Relation between Amitosis and Mitosis. IV. Nuclear Division in the Somatic Structures of the Proglottids of Moniezia. V. General Discussion and Conclusions concerning Amitosis and Mitosis in Moniezia" is an article from Biological Bulletin, Volume 13 . View more articles from Biological Bulletin . View this article on JSTOR . View this article's JSTOR metadata . You may also retrieve all of this items metadata in JSON at the following URL: https://archive.org/metadata/jstor-1535693

In this article we will introduce the way to extend the mitosis algorithm for Schubert polynomials, developed by Ezra Miller, to the case of Grothendieck polynomials.

"The Development and Behavior of the Chromosomes in the First or Heterotypic Mitosis of the Pollen Mother-Cells of Allium cernuum Roth" is an article from Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, Volume 40 . View more articles from Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club . View this article on JSTOR . View this article's JSTOR metadata . You may also retrieve all of this items metadata in JSON at the following URL: https://archive.org/metadata/jstor-2479862

Tracklist: 1. Preprophase 2. Prophase 3. Prometaphas 4. Metaphase 5. Anaphase 6. Telophase