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In the Internet today, traffic management spans congestion control (at end hosts), routing protocols (on routers), and traffic engineering (by network operators). Historically, this division of functionality evolved organically. This talk presents a top-down redesign of traffic management using recent innovations in optimization theory. First, we propose an objective function that captures the goals of end users and network operators. Using all known optimization decomposition techniques, we generate four distributed algorithms that divide traffic over multiple paths based on feedback from the network links. Combining the best features of the algorithms, we construct a traffic management protocol that is distributed, adaptive, robust, flexible and easy to manage. Further, our new protocol can operate based on implicit feedback about packet loss and delay. We show that using optimization decompositions as a foundation, simulations as a building block, and human intuition as a guide can be a principled approach to protocol design. This is joint work with Jiayue He, Martin Suchara, Ma’ayan Bresler, and Mung Chiang. ©2009 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.