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Tandem mass spectrometry (MSMS) is a powerful and widely-used technique for identifying the molecular structure of organic constituents of a complex sample. Application of MSMS to the study of unknown planetary samples on a remote space mission would contribute to our understanding of the origin, evolution, and distribution of extraterrestrial organics in our solar system. Here we report on the realization of MSMS on a miniaturized laser desorption time-of-flight mass spectrometer (LD-TOF-MS), which is one of the most promising instrument types for future planetary missions. This achievement relies on two critical components: a curved-field reflectron and a pulsed-pin ion gate. These enable use of the complementary post-source decay (PSD) and laser-assisted collision induced dissociation (L-CID) MSMS methods on diverse measurement targets with only modest investment in instrument resources such as volume and weight. MSMS spectra of selected molecular targets in various organic standards exhibit excellent agreement when compared with results from a commercial, laboratory-scale TOF instrument, demonstrating the potential of this powerful technique in space and planetary environments.

The high temperature vaporization of the metal-carbon systems TiC, ZrC, HfC, and ThC was studied by the Knudsen effusion - mass spectrometric method. For each system the metal dicarbide and tetracarbide molecular species were identified in the gas phase. Relative ion currents of the carbides and metals were measured as a function of temperature. Second- and third-law methods were used to determine enthalpies. Maximum values were established for the dissociation energies of the metal monocarbide molecules TiC, ZrC, HfC, and ThC. Thermodynamic functions used in the calculations are discussed in terms of assumed molecular structures and electronic contributions to the partition functions. The trends shown by the dissociation energies of the carbides of Group 4B are compared with those of neighboring groups and discussed in relation to the corresponding oxides and chemical bonding. The high temperature molecular beam inlet system and double focusing mass spectrometer are described.

Some of the differences in the published data on the free vaporization of conventional (ATJ, ZTA, UT-6) and pyrolytic graphites were resolved. Relative abundances, relative rates of vaporization, and activation energies of vaporization have been measured for carbon species C1 through C5, for conventional graphites in the temperature range 2800 - 3000K, and for pyrolytic graphite in the temperature range 2600 - 3000K. Differences in the free evaporation behavior of the two types of graphites are discussed. Plausible vaporization mechanisms are presented that account for the time dependency of species distribution at constant surface temperature for conventional graphites, and for the differences in activation energies of vaporization for C4 and C5 molecules vaporizing from pyrolytic and conventional graphites. The effects of the differential rates of carbon evaporation from the crystalline and binder phases on the free vaporization behavior of conventional graphites at temperatures greater than about 2950K are described.

We present results obtained using an apparatus designed to characterize the species produced by a variety of HEDM sources. In this apparatus, the HEDM species are ionized by a pulsed excimer laser beam and analyzed by time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Complications arising from photofragmentation vs. photoionization were encountered and documented as a function of ionization wavelength and intensity.

Journal of Mass Spectrometry 1999: Volume 34 , Issue CONTENTS. Digitized from IA1518720-03 . Previous issue: sim_journal-of-mass-spectrometry_1999_34_index . Next issue: sim_journal-of-mass-spectrometry_1999-01_34_1 .

Mass spectrometry investigations on the 2011 Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) and the 2018 ExoMars missions will address core science objectives related to the potential habitability of their landing site environments and more generally the near-surface organic inventory of Mars. The analysis of complex solid samples by mass spectrometry is a well-known approach that can provide a broad and sensitive survey of organic and inorganic compounds as well as supportive data for mineralogical analysis. The science value of such compositional information is maximized when one appreciates the particular opportunities and limitations of in situ analysis with resource-constrained instrumentation in the context of a complete science payload and applied to materials found in a particular environment. The Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) investigation on MSL and the Mars Organic Molecule Analyzer (MOMA) investigation on ExoMars will thus benefit from and inform broad-based analog field site work linked to the Mars environments where such analysis will occur.

The goal of this project was to develop a nano-DESI sensor which can be used to obtain in situ, depth-resolved analyses of metabolites and possibly proteins from biofilms at different depth. A microcapillary system was developed and tested for this goal. The microcapillary system delivered a solvent (ethanol) from one capillary while the other capillary collected and transported a charged liquid to the mass spectrometer inlet. We tried different configurations of microcapillary systems and optimized follow rates and its operation. The project successfully demonstrated that a dual microcapillary system can be used to collect nanoliter sample from the biofilms at different depth. However, the microcapillary system also collected cells which failed its use for MS.

The neutral and ion chemistry of the CO2 laser mixture have been studied in detail by using a quadrupole mass spectrometer and a theoretical model. Experimentally, CO2 is observed to dissociate primarily by direct electron impact producing the dominant neutral species CO and O2. Little or no N2 dissociation occurs in a N2/Ar discharge; however, the dissociation of N2 increases when it is added to a mixture containing CO2. Consequently, the dominant nitrogen oxide in discharges containing CO2 and N2 is NO. The major positive ions are CO2(+), O2(+), CO(+), and N2(+); and the major negative ions are NO2(-), NO3(-), O2(-), O(-)and, CO3(-). CO2 dissociation is reduced by as much as 20% at a discharge current of 80mA with the addition of 2% H2. Techniques for using a mass spectrometer to sample from glow discharges are also discussed. (Author)

The neutral and ion chemistry of the CO2 laser mixture have been studied in detail by using a quadrupole mass spectrometer and a theoretical model. Experimentally, CO2 is observed to dissociate primarily by direct electron impact producing the dominant neutral species CO and O2. Little or no N2 dissociation occurs in a N2/Ar discharge; however, the dissociation of N2 increases when it is added to a mixture containing CO2. Consequently, the dominant nitrogen oxide in discharges containing CO2 and N2 is NO. The major positive ions are CO2(+), O2(+), CO(+), and N2(+); and the major negative ions are NO2(-), NO3(-), O2(-), O(-)and, CO3(-). CO2 dissociation is reduced by as much as 20% at a discharge current of 80mA with the addition of 2% H2. Techniques for using a mass spectrometer to sample from glow discharges are also discussed. (Author)

Biomedical Mass Spectrometry. 1979: Volume 6 , Issue CONTENTS. Digitized from IA1586911-03 . Previous issue: sim_biological-mass-spectrometry_1978-12_5_12 . Next issue: sim_biological-mass-spectrometry_1979-01_6_1 .

The fragmentation of the ions of the compound nonan-4-one were studied in detail with low-energy collision-induced dissoiciation (CID) in a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. Ions of the sample molecule created in an EI source are mass selected by a quadrupole mass filter, dissociated by low-energy collision with neutral molecules in a quadrupole collison chamber, and the dissociation products are mass-selected by a second quadrupole mass analyzer. The normal EI mass spectrum of nonan-4-one shows 47 fragment ions. A fragmentation spectrum is obtained for each of the ions from the EI source. The result is the positive identification of over 400 parent-daughter pairs. This compares with a total of 47 observed pairs (37 confirmed) from all previous metastable ion studies. Normal alkanone fragmentations are observed: Alpha-cleavage, loss of CO or C2H4 from Alpha-cleavage ions, and McLafferty rearrangement in the long chain. The relative abundances of the short chain and long chain Alpha-cleavage fragments are demonstrated to depend on the fragmentation energy available with the long chain fragment predominating at lower energies. The fragmentations observed are grouped for discussion. A number of parent-daughter structures and fragmentation mechanisms are confirmed and some new ones are proposed. New graphical representations of the fragmentation patterns have been devised to accommodate the large amount of information produced in this study. (Author)

International Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Ion Processes 1987: Volume 81 , Issue CONTENTS. Digitized from IA1653329-03 . Previous issue: sim_international-journal-of-mass-spectrometry-ion-processes_1987_81_index . Next issue: sim_international-journal-of-mass-spectrometry-ion-processes_1987-12-21_81 .

International Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Ion Processes 1987: Volume 81 , Issue CONTENTS. Digitized from IA1653329-03 . Previous issue: sim_international-journal-of-mass-spectrometry-ion-processes_1987_81_index . Next issue: sim_international-journal-of-mass-spectrometry-ion-processes_1987-12-21_81 .

The objective of the current experiment was to evaluate the effect of biofield energy treatment on the isotopic abundance ratio of PM+1/PM (2H/1H or 13C/12C or 15N/14N) in indole using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The sample of organic compound indole was divided into two parts - one part was designated as a control sample (untreated), and another part was considered as biofield energy treated sample, which was subjected to Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment (The Trivedi Effect®). The biofield energy treated indole sample was analyzed at different time intervals and were symbolized as T1, T2, T3, and T4 to understand the effect of the biofield energy on isotopic abundance ratio with respect to the time. From the GC-MS spectra, the presence of the molecular ion peak C8H7N+ (m/z 117) along with major fragmented peaks C7H6+ (m/z 90), C7H5+ (m/z 89), C5H3+ (m/z 63), C4H2+ (m/z 50), C3H3+ (m/z 39), and C2H4 (m/z 28) were observed in both control and biofield treated samples. Only, the relative peak intensities of the fragmented ions in the biofield treated indole was notably changed as compared to the control sample with respect to the time. The isotopic abundance ratio analysis of indole using GC-MS revealed that the isotopic abundance ratio of PM+1/PM in the biofield energy treated indole at T1 and T2 was significantly decreased by 44.28 and 28.18% as compared to the control sample. On the contrary, the isotopic abundance ratio of PM+1/PM in the biofield energy treated sample at T3 and T4, was significantly increased by 41.22 and 180.88%, respectively as compared to the control sample. Overall, the isotopic abundance ratio of PM+1/PM (2H/1H or 13C/12C or 15N/14N) was significantly altered in the biofield energy treated indole as compared to the control with respect to the time. The biofield treated indole with the altered isotopic abundance ratio might have altered the physicochemical properties and rate of reaction. This biofield energy treated indole might be more useful as a chemical intermediate in the production of pharmaceuticals, chemicals, plastics, dyes, and perfumes.

471 pages 24 cm

1-Chloro-3-nitrobenzene (3-CNB) is an aromatic halo-amine compound used as chemical intermediate for the production of several fine chemicals like pharmaceuticals, dyes, agricultural chemicals, etc. The stable isotope ratio analysis has drawn attention in numerous fields such as agricultural, food authenticity, biochemistry, etc. The objective of the current research was to investigate the impact of the biofield energy treatment on the isotopic abundance ratios of PM+1/PM, PM+2/PM and PM+3/PM in 3-CNB using gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The sample, 3-CNB was divided into two parts - one part was denoted as control and another part was referred as biofield energy treated sample that was treated with biofield energy (The Trivedi Effect®). T1, T2, T3, and T4 were represented to different time interval analysis of the biofield treated 3-CNB. The GC-MS spectra of the both control and biofield treated 3-CNB indicated the presence of molecular ion peak [M+] at m/z 157 (calculated 156.99 for C6H4ClNO2) along with same pattern of fragmentation. The relative intensities of the parent molecule and other fragmented ions of the biofield treated 3-CNB were improved as compared to the control 3-CNB. The percentage change of the isotopic abundance ratio of PM+1/PM was significantly increased in the biofield treated 3-CNB at T1, T2 and T3 by 11.62, 18.50, and 29.82%, respectively with respect to the control 3-CNB. Accordingly, the isotopic abundance ratio of PM+2/PM in the biofield treated 3-CNB at T2 and T3 was significantly improved by 15.22 and 35.09%, respectively as compared to the control sample. The isotopic abundance ratios of PM+1/PM and PM+2/PM in the biofield treated 3-CNB at T1 and T4 were changed as compared to the control sample. The percentage change of the isotopic abundance ratio of PM+3/PM was enhanced in the biofield treated 3-CNB at T1, T2, T3, and T4 by 4.67, 18.69, 31.31 and 6.08%, respectively as compared to the control 3-CNB. The isotopic abundance ratios of PM+1/PM, PM+2/PM and PM+3/PM in the biofield treated 3-CNB changed with the time. So, the biofield energy treated 3-CNB might exhibit the altered isotope effects such as altered physicochemical and thermal properties, binding energy, and the rate of the chemical reaction as compared to the control sample. The biofield energy treated 3-CNB might assist in designing for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agricultural chemicals, dyes, corrosion inhibitors and other several useful industrial chemicals.

This article is from Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) , volume 13 . Abstract We describe a MALDI-TOF ion detector based on freestanding silicon nanomembrane technology. The detector is tested in a commercial MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer with equimolar mixtures of proteins. The operating principle of the nanomembrane detector is based on phonon-assisted field emission from these silicon nanomembranes, in which impinging ion packets excite electrons in the nanomembrane to higher energy states. Thereby the electrons can overcome the vacuum barrier and escape from the surface of the nanomembrane via field emission. Ion detection is demonstrated of apomyoglobin (16,952 Da), aldolase (39,212 Da), bovine serum albumin (66,430 Da), and their equimolar mixtures. In addition to the three intact ions, a large number of fragment ions are also revealed by the silicon nanomembrane detector, which are not observable with conventional detectors.

Recent efforts to detect and identify large biomolecules using matrix assisted laser desorption have shown MALDI to be an extremely sensitive technique for trace detection from a solid sample. In the DI process, ions are formed by proton transfer from an electronically excited organic acid to a suitable proton accepting analyte. However, detection and characterization of biomolecules may benefit from ionization of the isolated unprotonated gas phase neutrals. To this end, a custom time-of-flight mass spectrometer as been constructed to perform two-laser matrix assisted laser desorption/laser ionization studies using separate desorption and ionization lasers. The two chamber, differentially pumped apparatus incorporates numerous laser and sample probe entry ports, a pulsed valve, and a modified Wiley-NcLaren mass spectrometer design. Results of initial two-laser experiments on phenylalanine in a sinnapinic acid matrix have demonstrated the apparatus' ability to detect laser ionization of laser desorbed neutrals.

Mangifera indica is being used in indigenous medical systems for the treatment of various diseases. All parts of the plant like stem bark, leaves, flower, fruit pulp and seeds are traditionally used for many diseases. 

Mangifera indica is being used in indigenous medical systems for the treatment of various diseases. All parts of the plant like stem bark, leaves, flower, fruit pulp and seeds are traditionally used for many diseases. 

Click here to view the University of Florida catalog record

http://uf.catalog.fcla.edu/uf.jsp?st=UF001115795&ix=nu&I=0&V=D

Click here to view the University of Florida catalog record

Click here to view the University of Florida catalog record

Click here to view the University of Florida catalog record

Laser ablation of a variety of polysilanes at 308 nm using fluences of 150-250 mJ/sq.cm. per pulse, well above the photoablation threshold, is a photothermal process and yields products identical to those obtained in vacuum pyrolysis with a CO2 laser. Unsaturated hydrocarbon products characteristic of the side chains have been identified unequivocally. Silicon-containing products have not been identified individually and it is proposed that they are a mixture of cyclic carbonsilanes, mostly containing no more than two or three silicon atoms linked to each other. A reaction mechanism for the ablation process is proposed and involves no previously unknown reaction steps. The results demonstrate that laser-desorption mass spectrometry will be a good analytical tool for the characterization of this class of polymers. Due to the high volatility of the hydrocarbons, the presence of even quite long side chains on the polymer backbone need not be a source of concern in the applications of the photoablation process. Polysilane laser desorption, Mass spectrometry, Fragments, Desorption mechanism, Silanes. (MJM).

Laser desorption mass spectrometry has been used to characterize the ash-like substances formed on the surfaces of polymer matrix composites (PMC's) during exposure on LDEF. In an effort to minimize fragmentation, material was removed from the sample surfaces by laser desorption and desorbed neutrals were ionized by electron impact. Ions were detected in a time-of-flight mass analyzer which allows the entire mass spectrum to be collected for each laser shot. The method is ideal for these studies because only a small amount of ash is available for analysis. Three sets of samples were studied including C/polysulfone, C/polyimide and C/phenolic. Each set contains leading and trailing edge LDEF samples and their respective controls. In each case, the mass spectrum of the ash shows a number of high mass peaks which can be assigned to fragments of the associated polymer. These high mass peaks are not observed in the spectra of the control samples. In general, the results indicate that the ash is formed from decomposition of the polymer matrix.

Laser desorption mass spectrometry has been used to characterize the ash-like substances formed on the surfaces of polymer matrix composites (PMC's) during exposure on LDEF. In an effort to minimize fragmentation, material was removed from the sample surfaces by laser desorption and desorbed neutrals were ionized by electron impact. Ions were detected in a time-of-flight mass analyzer which allows the entire mass spectrum to be collected for each laser shot. The method is ideal for these studies because only a small amount of ash is available for analysis. Three sets of samples were studied including C/polysulfone, C/polyimide and C/phenolic. Each set contains leading and trailing edge LDEF samples and their respective controls. In each case, the mass spectrum of the ash shows a number of high mass peaks which can be assigned to fragments of the associated polymer. These high mass peaks are not observed in the spectra of the control samples. In general, the results indicate that the ash is formed from decomposition of the polymer matrix.

Laser desorption mass spectrometry has been used to characterize the ash-like substances formed on the surfaces of polymer matrix composites (PMC's) during exposure on LDEF. In an effort to minimize fragmentation, material was removed from the sample surfaces by laser desorption and desorbed neutrals were ionized by electron impact. Ions were detected in a time-of-flight mass analyzer which allows the entire mass spectrum to be collected for each laser shot. The method is ideal for these studies because only a small amount of ash is available for analysis. Three sets of samples were studied including C/polysulfone, C/polyimide and C/phenolic. Each set contains leading and trailing edge LDEF samples and their respective controls. In each case, the mass spectrum of the ash shows a number of high mass peaks which can be assigned to fragments of the associated polymer. These high mass peaks are not observed in the spectra of the control samples. In general, the results indicate that the ash is formed from decomposition of the polymer matrix.

http://uf.catalog.fcla.edu/uf.jsp?st=UF002531307&ix=pm&I=0&V=D&pm=1

http://uf.catalog.fcla.edu/uf.jsp?st=UF002531307&ix=pm&I=0&V=D&pm=1

This article is from Nanoscale Research Letters , volume 6 . Abstract Nanomechanical resonators (NRs) with very high frequency have a great potential for mass sensing with unprecedented sensitivity. In this study, we propose a scheme for mass sensing based on the NR capacitively coupled to a Cooper-pair box (CPB) driven by two microwave currents. The accreted mass landing on the resonator can be measured conveniently by tracking the resonance frequency shifts because of mass changes in the signal absorption spectrum. We demonstrate that frequency shifts induced by adsorption of ten 1587 bp DNA molecules can be well resolved in the absorption spectrum. Integration with the CPB enables capacitive readout of the mechanical resonance directly on the chip.

Journal of Mass Spectrometry 2001: Volume 36 , Issue CONTENTS. Digitized from IA1518720-03 . Previous issue: sim_journal-of-mass-spectrometry_2000-12_35_12 . Next issue: sim_journal-of-mass-spectrometry_2001-01_36_1 .

The FRS-ESR facilities at GSI provide unique conditions for precision measurements with stored exotic nuclei over a large range in the chart of nuclides. In the present experiment the exotic nuclei were produced via fragmentation of $^{152}$Sm projectiles in a thick beryllium target at 500-600 MeV/u, separated in-flight with the fragment separator FRS, and injected into the storage-cooler ring ESR. Mass and lifetime measurements have been performed with bare and few-electron ions. The experiment and first results will be presented in this contribution.

The negative ion chemical ionization mass spectra nitroaromatics using a Townsend discharge ion source are reported. The chemical ionization spectra were determined in the presence of various reagent gases and at various temperatures.A sensitivity study of a chemical ionization mass spectrometry system is included which compares detection limits for nitroaromatic compounds in both positive and negative ion detection modes and provides quantitative data on the detection limits for these and other compounds. These studies illustrate the ability of negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry to provide two or three orders of magnitude increase in specific ion current for compounds containing electronegative functional groups. The sensitivity observed in case of nitroaromatics is useful for detection of parent ions and also permits the observation of other ions and their relationship in terms of changes in internal energy. The finding that certain organic molecules will capture low-energy electrons (i.e., less than 1 eV) to form negative ions is expected to be of general interest, since this is a very low energy form of radiation interacting and producing profound changes in organic molecules. Of the types of radiation which interact with organic molecules, low-energy electrons are perhaps the least studied. (Author)

The genus Orthopoxvirus contains several species of related viruses, including the causative agent of smallpox (Variola virus). Despite the eradication of smallpox, several other members of the genus are capable of causing human infection, including monkeypox, cowpox, and other zoonotic rodent-borne poxviruses. Therefore, a single assay that can accurately identify all orthopoxviruses could provide a valuable tool for rapid detection and surveillance. In this study, we developed a pan-Orthopoxvirus assay based on PCR/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (PCR/ESI-MS) on the Ibis T5000 system. The assay employs four PCR reactions targeting the orthopoxvirus DNA and RNA and helicase and polymerase genes. In this study, we evaluated this assay for its ability to correctly identify a panel of known orthopoxviruses and to determine the assay's ability to detect and identify virus from the blood of rabbitpox virus-infected rabbits. We demonstrate that the assay can broadly detect and identify a diverse collection of orthopoxviruses and the assay is sensitive down to a few plaque-forming units per milliliter of blood and the stochastic limits of PCR.

This document evaluate the applications potential of sputtered neutral mass spectrometry (SNMS) as implemented in the INA-3 for advanced materials characterization. The report will detail initial hands-on experiences with SNMS via the prototype version of the INA-3. The key functional components and parameters are: 1. The rf plasma uniquely established by pressure, rf power and external DC magnetic field, 2. Ion extraction optics consisting of an extraction electrode, focusing lens, 30 deg electrostatic analyzer (ESA) and transfer elements required to transport the energy filtered ion beam into a quadrupole mass spectrometer. 3. A conventional quadrupole mass filter with electron multiplier detector, and 4. The target bias supply. In the latter case, the Kaiserslautern instrument references the target potential to the plasma potential via a Langmuir probe, whereas the INA-3 presently references the target power supply to ground potential (i.e., no Langmuir probe). Our studies to date have indicated that a Langmuir reference might make a significant improvement.

Solid phase microextraction was combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS) for detection of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) in the headspace above deionized (DI) water samples, with linear results that were sensitive to below Department of Defense short-term drinking water standards. HCN and several common volatile organic contaminants were also detected in 3 water types in a laboratory and field setting. The method provides an advantage over the standard drinking water detection methods for HCN as it can also simultaneously detect common low molecular weight hydrocarbons. Linear results were achieved for the detection of diisopropylamine (DIPA) by SPME-GC-MS in soil from 0.72 - 3584.5 micrograms DIPA/g soil and in DI water from 0.018 - 17.9 microgram/milliliter. The methods were successfully field tested with common hydrocarbon contaminants in 3 common agricultural soil types and 3 water types. In particular, this methodology would be useful for investigation of a suspected VX nerve agent production facility. Solid phase dynamic extraction (SPDE) was compared to passive SPME for vapor sampling of DIPA and dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) with analysis by fast GC-MS. Equilibrium sampling by SPDE for DIPA and DMMP vapor provided linear results at lower concentrations and gave larger extracted ion peak areas than comparable SPME sampling. This unique application has shown great potential for further laboratory and field use, both for health risk assessment and initial chemical detection employment.

Solid phase microextraction was combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS) for detection of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) in the headspace above deionized (DI) water samples, with linear results that were sensitive to below Department of Defense short-term drinking water standards. HCN and several common volatile organic contaminants were also detected in 3 water types in a laboratory and field setting. The method provides an advantage over the standard drinking water detection methods for HCN as it can also simultaneously detect common low molecular weight hydrocarbons. Linear results were achieved for the detection of diisopropylamine (DIPA) by SPME-GC-MS in soil from 0.72 - 3584.5 micrograms DIPA/g soil and in DI water from 0.018 - 17.9 microgram/milliliter. The methods were successfully field tested with common hydrocarbon contaminants in 3 common agricultural soil types and 3 water types. In particular, this methodology would be useful for investigation of a suspected VX nerve agent production facility. Solid phase dynamic extraction (SPDE) was compared to passive SPME for vapor sampling of DIPA and dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) with analysis by fast GC-MS. Equilibrium sampling by SPDE for DIPA and DMMP vapor provided linear results at lower concentrations and gave larger extracted ion peak areas than comparable SPME sampling. This unique application has shown great potential for further laboratory and field use, both for health risk assessment and initial chemical detection employment.

v. 23 cm

v. 23 cm

XXVII, 814 Seiten

The highest precision in direct mass measurements is obtained with Penning trap mass spectrometry. Most experiments use the interconversion of the magnetron and cyclotron motional modes of the stored ion due to excitation by external radiofrequency-quadrupole fields. In this work a new excitation scheme, Ramsey's method of time-separated oscillatory fields, has been successfully tested. It has been shown to reduce significantly the uncertainty in the determination of the cyclotron frequency and thus of the ion mass of interest. The theoretical description of the ion motion excited with Ramsey's method in a Penning trap and subsequently the calculation of the resonance line shapes for different excitation times, pulse structures, and detunings of the quadrupole field has been carried out in a quantum mechanical framework and is discussed in detail in the preceding article in this journal by M. Kretzschmar. Here, the new excitation technique has been applied with the ISOLTRAP mass spectrometer at ISOLDE/CERN for mass measurements on stable as well as short-lived nuclides. The experimental resonances are in agreement with the theoretical predictions and a precision gain close to a factor of four was achieved compared to the use of the conventional excitation technique.

As part of its program to insure uninterrupted supplies of diesel marine fuel, The Navy Alternate Fuels Program evaluates the performance characteristics as well as the chemical and physical characteristics of synfuels. Incumbent in this series of evaluations is the need for qualitative and quantitative compositional data for both liquid conventional and synthetic DFM's and their more volatile or headspace components. The objectives of this work were several. (1) Determine the qualitative and quantitative composition of the headspace volatiles at various temperatures for this shale derived DFM. (2) Relate these data to the bulk liquid fuel composition. (3) Evaluate the bulk liquid and headspace components for potential toxicological problems as related to exposure of Navy personnel. (4) Extract from methodology used and developed in this program, a reliable, inexpensive, and representative acceptance protocol with which to evaluate individual lots of conventional DFM and synfuel DFM for volatiles.

This article is from International Journal of Molecular Sciences , volume 15 . Abstract Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a common chronic and destructive disease. The early diagnosis of AD is difficult, thus the need for clinically applicable biomarkers development is growing rapidly. There are many methods to biomarker discovery and identification. In this review, we aim to summarize Mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics studies on AD and discuss thoroughly the methods to identify candidate biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood. This review will also discuss the potential research areas on biomarkers.

Thesis (M.S. in Chemistry) Pennsylvania State University, August 1980

1Struwwelpeter (version 2)

By Heinrich Hoffmann

Der Struwwelpeter, zuerst erschienen als “Lustige Geschichten und drollige Bilder mit 15 schön kolorierten Tafeln für Kinder von 3-6 Jahren”, wurde 1845 von Heinrich Hoffmann als ein Kinderbuch für seine eigene Familie geschrieben. Es wurde als eine illustrierte Sammlung von Kindergeschichten sehr bekannt durch seine erste englische Übersetzung im Jahre 1848. Das Buch wird oft als brutal angesehen, da die Kinder in den Geschichten nicht notwendigerweise gut behandelt werden. Trotzdem hatte es einen Einfluß auf spätere Literatur. (Summary by Aldark and Rainer)

2Struwwelpeter

By Heinrich Hoffmann

Der Struwwelpeter, zuerst erschienen als “Lustige Geschichten und drollige Bilder mit 15 schön kolorierten Tafeln für Kinder von 3-6 Jahren”, wurde 1845 von Heinrich Hoffmann als ein Kinderbuch für seine eigene Familie geschrieben. Es wurde als eine illustrierte Sammlung von Kindergeschichten sehr bekannt durch seine erste englische Übersetzung im Jahre 1848. Das Buch wird oft als brutal angesehen, da die Kinder in den Geschichten nicht notwendigerweise gut behandelt werden. Trotzdem hatte es einen Einfluß auf spätere Literatur. (Summary by Aldark and Rainer)

3Struwwelpeter

By Heinrich Hoffmann

Struwwelpeter (Slovenly Peter) is an illustrated collection of humorous children’s poems describing ludicrous and usually violent punishments for naughty behavior. Hoffmann, a Frankfurt physician, wanted to buy a picture book for his son for Christmas in 1844. Not impressed by what the stores had to offer, he instead bought a notebook and wrote his own stories and pictures. While Struwwelpeter is somewhat notorious for its perceived brutal treatment of the erring children, it has been influential on many later children’s books, most notably Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. (Summary by Catharine and wikipedia.org)

4Struwwelpeter (version 2)

By Heinrich Hoffmann

Struwwelpeter (Slovenly Peter) is an illustrated collection of humorous children’s poems describing ludicrous and usually violent punishments for naughty behavior. Hoffmann, a Frankfurt physician, wanted to buy a picture book for his son for Christmas in 1844. Not impressed by what the stores had to offer, he instead bought a notebook and wrote his own stories and pictures. While Struwwelpeter is somewhat notorious for its perceived brutal treatment of the erring children, it has been influential on many later children’s books, most notably Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. (Summary by Catharine, Kara, and wikipedia.org)

5Elixiere des Teufels

By E. T. A. Hoffmann

Der Bruder Medardus ist ein hoch angesehenes, für seine feurigen Predigten bekanntes Mitglied der Klostergemeinde. Als ihm die Aufsicht über die Reliquienkammer übertragen wird, beginnt jedoch sein Niedergang. Unter den Schätzen befindet sich auch eine Flasche der Elixiere des Teufels, mit denen der Satan vor Jahrhunderten den heiligen Antonius verführen wollte. Ein Schluck aus der Flasche besiegelt seinen Abstieg. Obgleich seine Predigten feuriger denn je werden, verliert er sich in Selbstverliebtheit und entsagt so dem Göttlichen. In der Hoffnung, Medardus Seele zu retten schickt ihn der Prior des Klosters auf die Reise nach Rom. Einmal frei von den Mauern des Klosters, beginnt Medardus Kampf gegen den den Verführer. Seine Reise ist gegprägt von Lügen, Diebstahl und Mord. Immer wieder begegnet er Personen, die ihm erstaunlich ähnlich sind. In diesen findet er all seine Schwächen wieder, er schlüpft in ihre Rollen, versucht ihr Leben und findet letztlich doch wieder zu sich selbst zurück.

Das skurriles Märchen „Meister Floh“ erzählt die Geschichte des frauenscheuen Träumers Peregrinus Tyß und dessen Begegnung mit dem weisen und gelehrten Meister der Flöhe. <br><br /> Am Weihnachtsabend bringt Peregrinus den Kindern eines armen Buchbinders Geschenke und trifft dort die schöne und geheimnisvolle Dörtje Elverdink, die ihn bittet, sie in sein Haus aufzunehmen. Dort besteht sie auf der Herausgabe eines Gefangenen, von dem Peregrinus allerdings gar nichts weiß. Zur selben Zeit gastiert ein Flohbändiger und Mikroskopist in der Stadt, dem zunächst seine Flöhe und dann seine schöne Nichte Dörtje abhanden gekommen sind. Auch Georg Pepusch, eine Freud des Peregrinus Tyß, ist auf der Suche nach Dörtje, die er für die wieder zum Leben erweckte Prinzessin Gamaheh aus Famagusta hält.<br /><br /> Peregrinus macht die Bekanntschaft des Meister Flohs, der lange ein Gefangener des Flohbändigers war und Peregrinus nun um Schutz bittet. Die schöne Dörtje, die tatsächlich die Prinzessin Gamaheh ist, dürfe ihn um keinen Preis in ihre Gewalt bekommen, da sonst das ganze Volk der Flöhe wieder zur Sklaverei verurteilt sei. Obwohl Peregrinus von Dörtje bezaubert ist, verspricht er, dem Meister Floh zu helfen. (Summary by Hokuspokus)

7Nachtstücke

By E. T. A. Hoffmann

Die "Nachtstücke" sind eine Sammlung von unheimlichen Geschichten, die der Romantik zuzuordnen sind. Die einzelnen Titel dieser Sammlung sind: "Der Sandmann", "Ignaz Denner", "Die Jesuitenkirche in G.", "Das Sanctus", "Das öde Haus", "Das Majorat", "Das Gelübde" und "Das steinerne Herz". (Summary by Rainer)

Ein weihnachtliches Märchen.<br> Marie Stahlbaum bekommt zu Weihnachten einen Nussknacker geschenkt, den sie gleich sehr lieb gewinnt. Noch in der Christnacht wird sie Zeuge, wie Leben in den Nussknacker und die anderen Spielzeuge kommt. Sie beobachtet eine Schlacht zwischen der Spielzeugarmee unter dem Kommando von Nussknacker und den feindlichen Mäusen, angeführt vom siebenköpfigen Mausekönig. Als sich das Schlachtenglück den Mäusen zuneigt, wirft sie ihren Pantoffel und rettet damit die Spielzeugarmee.<br> Marie ist überzeugt, dass ihr Nussknacker niemand anderes ist als der verzauberte Neffe ihres Paten Droßelmeier. Sie ist fest entschlossen, ihm gegen den Mausekönig beizustehen. (Summary by Hokuspokus)

Eine Erzählung aus dem Zeitalter Ludwig des Vierzehnten.<br> Eine Mordbande geht um in Paris. Unbekannte Täter lauern reichen Herren auf, töten sie mit einem Stich ins Herz und rauben kostbaren Schmuck. Eines Nachts bringt ein Unbekannter ein Kästchen in das Haus des Fräuleins von Scuderi, einer 73 jährigen angesehenen Schriftstellerin, die auch mit Ludwig XIV bekannt ist. Das Kästchen enthält einen kostbaren Schmuck, der von niemand anderem als dem berühmten Goldschmied René Cardillac gefertigt sein kann. Einige Zeit später wird das Fräulein aufgefordert, den Schmuck in die Werkstatt Cardillacs zu bringen. Doch als sie dort ankommt, trägt man die Leiche des Goldschmieds aus dem Haus. Cardillac ist durch einen Stich ins Herz ermordet worden. Sein Lehrling Ollivier Brusson, der mit Cardillacs Tochter Madelon verlobt ist, wird der Tat verdächtigt und verhaftet. Fräulein von Scuderi nimmt sich des völlig verstörten Mädchens an. Madelon ist von Olliviers Unschuld überzeugt und kann auch in der Scuderi Zweifel wecken. Das Fräulein besucht Ollivier Brusson im Gefängnis. Dieser vertraut ihr ein furchtbares Geheimnis an.<br/> (Summary by Hokuspokus)

Eine allegorische-phantastische Märchenerzählung aus der Zeit der Romantik. Schauplatz ist ein zeitloser Römischer Karneval, wie Jacques Callot ihn in der Graphik-Serie "Balli di Sfessania" dargestellt hat. Die Kräfte der Liebe, der Phantasie, des Humors – gebündelt und gesteigert in der Kunst, und im Römischen Karneval - gewähren es einem liebenden Paar, sich über alle Alltagskleinlichkeit erhaben zu fühlen. Nachdem jedes der beiden sich anfangs immer wieder mit seinem Möchtegern-Ich verwechselt, öffnet die dann gewonnene Selbsterkenntnis und damit verbundene realistische Bescheidenheit das Tor zu dauerhaftem Glück. <br>(Summary by Rolf Kaiser)<br><br> Filet ist ein franz. Wort und bedeutet eigentlich so viel als Fädchen, Garn, Netz. Gewöhnlich versteht man darunter ein aus roher Seide netzartig gewebtes Zeuch, zu Shawls, Busentüchern u.s.w. Eine Lieblingsbeschäftigung der Damen ist es, allerlei Filetputzsachen aus Zwirn, Wolle oder Seide zu stricken; sie bedienen sich dazu einer Nadel, der Filetnadel, und eines Stäbchens, auf welches sie die Maschen aufreihen, und von dessen Stärke die größere und geringere Dichtigkeit des Gestrickes abhängt. <br>(Brockhaus Bilder-Conversations-Lexikon, Band 2. Leipzig 1838., S. 38-39.)

Die Serapionsbrüder nannte E.T.A. Hoffmann zusammenfassend eine Sammlung seiner zwischen 1819-1821 entstandenen Novellen. In einer fiktiven Rahmenhandlung beschreibt er die Treffen einiger Freunde am Tag des Heiligen Serapion. Bei diesen Treffen erzählen die künstlerisch interessierten Freunde einander Geschichten (die Novellen Hoffmanns) und beurteilen diese gegenseitig.<br /><br /> Der Begriff des serapiontischen Prinzips leitet sich von diesem Werk ab. Gemeint ist damit eine bestimmte Art zu dichten, bei der das Erzählte vorher von dem Dichter 'geschaut' werden sollte. Sie darf also nicht einfach nur drauflos fabulieren, sondern die gedachte Möglichkeit des Erdichteten ist absolute Bedingung. Der Dichter wird dabei als Seher, als Künder verborgener Zusammenhänge zweier Welten, aufgefasst. Er bewegt sich zwischen Wachen und Träumen und vermittelt zwischen Wahn und Wirklichkeit, Geist und Seele, Menschlichem und Unmenschlichem.<br /> (Zusammenfassung von Wikipedia)<br /><br /> Diese Auswahl enthält "Die Serapionsbrüder", "Der Einsiedler Serapion", "Serapion und das serapiontische Prinzip", "Eine Spukgeschichte", "Vampirismus" und "Die Bergwerke zu Falun".

12Master Flea

By E. T. A. Hoffmann

Ernst Theodor Wilhelm Hoffmann (1776 – 1822), better known by his pen name E.T.A. Hoffmann (Ernst Theodor Amadeus Hoffmann), was a German Romantic author of fantasy and horror, a jurist, composer, music critic, draftsman and caricaturist. Hoffmann's stories were very influential during the 19th century, and he is one of the major authors of the Romantic movement.<br /><br /> He is the subject and hero of Jacques Offenbach's famous but fictional opera The Tales of Hoffmann, and the author of the novelette The Nutcracker and the Mouse King, on which the famous ballet The Nutcracker is based. The ballet Coppelia is based on two other stories that Hoffmann wrote. Also Schumann's Kreisleriana is based on one of Hoffmann's characters.<br /> Master Flea was published in 1822. (Introduction by Wikipedia)

Struwwelpeter: In dem Buch erzählt Hoffmann Geschichten von Kindern, die nicht brav sind, nicht auf ihre Eltern hören und denen deshalb allerlei grausames Unheil widerfährt. http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/24571<br /><br /> König Nussknacker und der arme Reinhold: ist eine Geschichte von einem kranken Jungen, der in seinen Fieberträumen von einem Nussknacker durch eine Fantasiewelt geführt wird. http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/32034<br /><br /> (Zusammenfassung von Wikipedia und Elli)

Eines Tages erblickt der Student Anselmus in einem Holunderbusch die blauen Augen einer kleinen Schlange und verliebt sich auf der Stelle in sie. Die Tochter seines Freundes Konrektor Paulmann, Veronika, wiederum ist in ihn verliebt. Sie hofft, er werde Karriere machen und ihr ein Leben in Luxus bieten. Im Augenblick aber ist Anselmus mittellos und tritt deshalb eine Stelle als Kopierer alter Schriften bei dem Geheimen Archivarius Lindhorst, einem verschrobenen Alchemisten und Zauberer an. Er erfährt, dass die kleine Schlage niemand anders ist als des Archivarius Lindhost Tochter Serpentina. Während seiner Arbeit in Lindhorsts Haus begegnen ihm wunderbare Dinge. Doch auch Veronika hat ihn noch nicht aufgegeben. (Zusammenfassung von Hokuspokus)

Ein nach der Natur entworfenes Märchen.<br><br> Eines Tages findet das gartenbegeisterte Fräulein Ännchen eine wunderschönen Ring in ihrem Mohrrübenfeld. Nachdem sie ihn übergestreift hat, kann sie ihn nicht mehr von ihrem Finger bringen und ihr in den geheimen Wissenschaften bewanderter Vater Dapsul von Zabelthau eröffnet ihr, dass sie dadurch die Braut eines gewissen Porphyrio von Ockerodastes geworden ist. Ihr Vater ist begeistert von dieser Verbindung, doch Ännchen fleht ihren an der Universität weilenden Verlobten Amandus von Nebelstern um Hilfe und Rettung an. Als sich herausstellt, dass der vermeintliche Porphyrio von Ockerodastes niemand anders ist als der Gnomenkönig des Gemüsereichs Daucus Carota, wandelt sich Herrn Dapsuls Begeisterung in Entsetzen, doch Ännchen ist ganz entzückt von der Aussicht, Gemüsekönigin zu werden, auch wenn ihr neuer Verlobter alles andere als gutaussehend ist. (Zusammenfassung von Hokuspokus)

16Slovenly Betsy

By Heinrich Hoffmann

Hienrich Hoffmann was a German psychiatrist and doctor. He had written poetry and sketches for his son, and was persuaded to have a collection of these printed.<br>The stories were not perceived as cruel or overly moral by Hoffmann's contemporaries.<br>This American version contains a few of the stories from the original German "Struwwelpeter" publication. (Summary by David Lawrence)

17Sandmann

By E. T. A. Hoffmann

Der Student Nathanael glaubt in einem Wetterglashändler namens Coppola einen Mann wieder zu erkennen, der in seiner Kindheit als Advokat Coppelius regelmäßig abends seinen Vater besuchte und mit diesem offenbar alchimistische Experimente machte, bei denen der Vater schließlich bei einer Explosion starb. Dieser Coppelius war für den kleinen Nathanael nur "Der Sandmann" - die Personifizierung einer schaurig-schrecklichen Figur aus einem Ammenmärchen, der den Kindern die Augen ausreißt. Er hat mit diesem Manne Furchtbares erlebt und leidet nun erneut unter dem Kindheitstrauma. Seine Verlobte Clara und deren Bruder Lothar versuchen, ihm aus seinen düsteren Stimmungen herauszuhelfen, doch verfällt Nathanael immer wieder in wirre Fantasien, und er fühlt sich von Clara missverstanden. So kommt es, dass er sich in Olimpia verliebt, die ziemlich merkwürdige Tochter seines Professors Spalanzani. Als sich schließlich auf dramatische Weise herausstellt, welche ganz besondere Bewandtnis es mit dieser Olimpia hat, verfällt er abermals in den Wahnsinn - doch noch einmal scheint es so, als könne die Liebe Claras ihn heilen... <br></br> Der Schauerroman "Der Sandmann" ist eines der bedeutendsten und "dank" der Arbeit von Generationen von Deutschlehrern eines der bekanntesten Werke E.T.A. Hoffmanns. Es bietet so viele Deutungsansätze und somit auch verschiedene Interpretationen, dass Hoffmann selbst sich gewundert haben soll, was er da alles in der Erzählung verarbeitet habe.<br> (Zusammenfassung von Karlsson)

Der hässliche und dumme Wechselbalg Klein Zaches wird aus Mitleid von der Fee Rosabelverde mit einem Zauber belegt, so dass alle ihn für außergewöhnlich schön und begabt halten und die guten Leistungen anderer stets ihm zugeschrieben werden, die anderen jedoch für seine Frechheiten bestraft werden. Als er in die Universitätsstadt Kerepes kommt, nennt er sich stolz "Zinnober". Obwohl der dort regierende Fürst Paphnutius erst kürzlich per Dekret die Aufklärung eingeführt hat, erliegen alle dem Zauber und der Herr Zinnober macht eine schnelle Karriere bis hin zum Minister am fürstlichen Hofe. Einer der wenigen, die die Blendung durchschauen, ist der romantische Schwärmer und Dichter Balthasar, der sich gerade Hoffnungen macht, das Herz der schönen Candida zu gewinnen, nun aber zusehen muss, wie auch diese völlig dem falschen Zauber des Zinnober verfällt und diesen sogar küsst. Verzweifelt sucht Balthasar Hilfe bei dem versteckt lebenden Magier Prosper Alpanus. Doch es ist eine schwierige Aufgabe, den Feenzauber zu brechen... <br></br> Das humoristische Kunstmärchen "Klein Zaches, genannt Zinnober" ist nach Hoffmanns eigenem Bekunden "die lose, lockere Ausführung einer scherzhaften Idee". Es lag dem Autor fern, sich über missgebildete Menschen lustig zu machen (der einzige, der dies in der Geschichte tut, der Student Fabian, wird vom Magier Prosper Alpanus abgestraft). Die Bezeichnung des Zaches als "Missgeburt" soll vielmehr von vorn herein die charakterliche und fachliche Inkompetenz des späteren Ministers deutlich machen. "Klein Zaches" ist eine humorvolle, ironische und skurrile Geschichte und eine teilweise groteske Satire auf blinden Wissenschaftsglauben, höfisches Leben, Politiker und das Obrigkeitsdenken. (Zusammenfassung von Karlsson)

This recording includes both volumes of E. T. A. Hoffmann's Weird Tales, a collection of gothic novellas set in Germany, Italy, and some of the wilder parts of Europe. What there is of the supernatural in these tales is introduced with great subtlety if at all; most of the stories draw their "weirdness" from extraordinary characters, circumstances, or coincidences rather than from the paranormal, working out dark passions in dark settings. There are two themes dominating almost every one of these stories: not only the passion of young tragic love, but also a passion for Art in its every manifestation. With an almost religious fervor, Hoffmann builds each of his stories on a veneration for poetry, painting, craftsmanship, music. It is perhaps this passion for Art for Art's sake that made the stories of Hoffmann so profoundly influential on later writers, from the Bronte sisters of England to the Serapion Brethren and Marina Tsvetaeva of revolutionary Russia. (Summary by Expatriate)

The original story of the Nutcracker, weird and wonderful by one of the masters of horror and weirdness. Summary by Sandra Cullum.

La veille de Noël Marie reçoit un casse-noisette. À minuit, son cadeau s'anime et l'amène dans un monde peuplé de poupée, de friandise et de parfum de rose. Les petits soldats de bois de son frère Fritz et les jouets qui se trouvent dans l'armoire vitrée du salon familial s'animent aussi. Au même moment, des souris et leur roi à sept couronnes apparaissent dans le salon. Alors, des batailles se déclenchent! En réalité, c'est un Noël renversant que vit la petite Marie. Le conte "casse-noisette et le roi des souris" de Hoffmann a été adapté en ballet en 1892 par Tchaïkovski. - Summary by Aida Boumaza

Christmas Eve Mary receives a nutcracker. At midnight, this gift comes alive and brings her into a world full of dolls, candies and rose scent. The little wooden soldiers of her brother Fritz and the toys that are in the glass cabinet of the family room also come alive. At the same time, the mice and their king with seven crowns appear in the living room. Battle ensues. In fact, it turns out to be a stunning Christmas for little Marie. The tale "Nutcracker and Mouse-king" of Hoffmann was adapted into a ballet in 1892 by Tchaïkovsky. - Summary by Aïda Boumaza

23Teufelsmauer und andere Erzählungen

By Hans Hoffmann

Vier Erzählungen, die teils überraschende, mehr oder weniger übernatürliche Handlungen und Pointen schildern:<br> In "Die Teufelsmauer" tritt der Leibhaftige auf, ebenso die Jungfrau Maria.<br> "Wasser!" schildert eine Erfahrung auf einer Hochzeitsreise in (der Alpenwein-Gegend Süd-) Tirol.<br> In der "Schattenseite" beleuchtet Hoffmann das Für und Wider eines Aspekts der Ehe, die wilde Frau und der wilde Mann helfen ihm dabei.<br> "Der Toten Sehnsucht" ist eine wunderschöne Erzählung am Schluss des Buches, wortgewaltig und stark vom Inhalt her. - Summary by schrm

24Weird Tales, Volume 1

By E. T. A. Hoffmann

These stories form the first volume of the renowned <i>Tales of Hoffman</i>. They are fantasies with hints of the supernatural—quintessential Romanticism. Writers of the Romantic period typically seek to lift the spirit to awe, wonder, love, horror, or other extremes of emotion. Hoffmann is drawn to such experiences, particularly as they relate to the creative process. Although he occasionally arouses them in the reader, he more often examines them critically or, in the case of hysterical excesses, especially infatuation, satirizes them. - Summary by T. A. Copeland

25Allerlei Gelehrte

By Hans Hoffmann

Humoresken von Hans Hoffmann. Im Anekdoten-ähnelnden Stil erzählt Hoffmann in diesem ruhigen Buch mit großer Menschenkenntnis und feinem Humor von verwirrten Gelehrten, Fehden, Streichen und Kunst. Durch das Hervorrufen von Schmunzeln und Verwunderung entwickeln diese langen Erzählungen ihren Charme. (schrm)