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MAGNESIUM VAPORIZATION UNIT

MAGNESIUM VAPORIZATION UNIT

MAGNESIUM VAPORIZATION UNIT

MAGNESIUM VAPORIZATION UNIT

this is the cover for the Magnesium Pie album "Haymarket Revival"

This article is from Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine , volume 4 . Abstract Background:: Postoperative analgesia is one of the concerns of anesthesiologists and patients. Systemic opioid administration is the gold standard in reducing the severe pain after the surgery but some side effects prevent the use of adequate dosage of opioids. Objectives:: The aim of this study was to evaluate the result of adding magnesium sulphate to sufentanil in patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) system. Patients and Methods:: In this randomized clinical trial, 60 patients candidate for lower limb orthopedic surgery were recruited in Poursina Medical Center for six months. They were randomly classified in two group of patient-controlled intravenous analgesia for postoperative pain control, one was group S [(sufentanil) (n = 30)] and the other was group S + M [(magnesium sulphate/sufentanil) (n = 30)]. The drug infusion rate was 5 mL/h. Each mL of solution in group S contained 1 mcg of sufentanil and in group M + S, 1 mcg of sufentanil and 200 mcg magnesium sulphate, respectively. Pain score, sedation score, satisfaction score, nausea and vomiting score were evaluated 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours after surgery. Results:: The demographic data between two groups were not significantly different. The pain scores after 6, 12 and 24 hours in S and S + M groups were significantly different. But the comparison of Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores after 36 and 48 hours didn’t show significant differences (P < 0.001). Comparison of the sedation, nausea and vomiting scores between two groups did not show any difference. But the number of patient’s satisfaction in S + M group was more than S group which suggests significant differences (P < 0.05). Conclusions:: This study showed that magnesium sulphate added to sufentanil through PCIA is an effective method to alleviate pain in patients undergoing lower limb orthopedic surgery. Moreover, we found fewer side effects on magnesium-sufentanil regimen in terms of in nausea, vomiting, and sedation; and patients’ satisfaction in this regimen was more rather than that in the regiment of sufentanil alone.

The most common compounds formed from boron are boron carbide (B4C) and boron nitride (BN), which are generally not considered borides but which are included here since they are commercially available as high-quality powders. Borides are generally considered as compounds combining one, or more, metals with boron. Strong covalent bonding allows many of these borides to have high melting or decomposition temperatures, such that they can be used in reducing environments. LaB6, for example, is used as a replacement for W in thermoionic emitters, such as the filaments for electron microscopes, due to its high melting point and low work function. BN is used as a crucible material in its hexagonal form and as a cutting tool in its cubic state. B4C is used as an armor material due to its low specific gravity. A comprehensive survey of borides was performed by Cutler[1] based primarily on the earlier data of Samsonov and Vinitskii[2] and is still the best literature source for the properties of borides. Other excellent reviews include the work of Lundstrom[3] as well as information on ternary borides as discussed by Nowotny and Rogl[4]. Williams gives data on selected borides[5]. Borides are processed like other non-oxide ceramics, using methods well known in the literature[6-11].

Here is a very quick video showing how to dehydrate magnesium hydroxide to magnesium oxide, which will be used in some upcoming videos. If you enjoyed this video, check out some of my others and drop a like and subscribe for more! Some activities demonstrated in this video may be dangerous to replicate and should NOT be attempted by individuals at home. While chemistry is very enjoyable, safety must always be number one concern and doing research is very important before trying the reactions themselves. This video is solely intended for educational purposes and should not be replicated in any way shape or form at home. E-mail - [email protected] If you are to contact me, please don't send spam or time wasting questions. If my inbox becomes inundated with pointless emails or trash, I will eventually shut the email down. That said, if you wish to contact me about a serious question or concern, please feel free. Thanks for the support!

Here is a very quick video showing how to dehydrate magnesium hydroxide to magnesium oxide, which will be used in some upcoming videos. If you enjoyed this video, check out some of my others and drop a like and subscribe for more! Some activities demonstrated in this video may be dangerous to replicate and should NOT be attempted by individuals at home. While chemistry is very enjoyable, safety must always be number one concern and doing research is very important before trying the reactions themselves. This video is solely intended for educational purposes and should not be replicated in any way shape or form at home. E-mail - [email protected] If you are to contact me, please don't send spam or time wasting questions. If my inbox becomes inundated with pointless emails or trash, I will eventually shut the email down. That said, if you wish to contact me about a serious question or concern, please feel free. Thanks for the support!

Dr. Jin’s Top 5 MAGNESIUM🥑🥑 forms Signs and symptoms of magnesium deficiency *Muscle spasm or cramping *Sleep Disturbance *Stress/Anxiety *High blood pressure *Constipation *Fatigue *Heart Palpitations/Afib *Cognition *Headaches *Asthma *Preeclampsia **Magnesium assists in the activation of Vitamin D. **Co-factor in over 300 enzymatic reactions **4th most abundant mineral behind calcium, potassium, and sodium **25 (OH) D-------------------------------1,25 (OH) D inactive Magnesium active **1,25 (OH) also increases absorption of magnesium in GI tract Foods high in magnesium Avocado, almonds, dark chocolate, pumpkin seeds, spinach, Swiss Chard, Quinoa, Black Bean, Sunflower Seed, Flaxseed, Brazil nuts, bananas, salmon 1. Magnesium citrate-mg bound to citric acid found in fruits and contains antioxidant properties. Highly bio-available and easily absorbed in GI tract. Helps with migraines and constipation. 2. Magnesium glycinate-Mg and Glycine. Glycine is used in the body for protein production. Good for athletic performance and muscle recovery. Glycine is also a neurotransmitter so can help with sleep quality and duration and Depression 3. Magnesium sulfate-Epsom salt. Used in baths and absorbed in through the skin. IV-breathlessness and asthma, preeclampsia 4. Magnesium L-threonate-improve brain function such as memory and depression 5. Magnesium taurate-similar to Mg L-threonate in crossing BBB. Migraines, diabetes (insulin resistance). Some rate studies-delay onset and progression of cataracts Magtein Magnesium L-threonate https://youtu.be/9x_c-V6nTaM MAGNESIUM🥑🥑 the Forgotten Mineral https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PhN6cYDWJ-0 Vitamin D and This Important Mineral (Magnesium) for Better Absorption https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I5rcDkYthUY MAGNESIUM and High Blood Pressure😡😡 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SOBHPO0XhrU 😴😴SLEEP-My Top 5 Supplements. (CFS/ME) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=un11PBe1PGw Dr. Jin Sung is a Chiropractic Physician who specializes in the management of complex chronic conditions in Massachusetts, 30 minutes north of Boston. He utilizes natural and alternative therapies to help manage complex cases such as Hashimoto's, autoimmune conditions, IBS, SIBO, chronic fatigue, brain fog, early Alzheimer's, etc. www.DrJinSung.com https://www.facebook.com/DrJinWSung/ Office Contact 978 688-6999 www.drjinsung.com SEARCH on Dr. Sung's Online Store-https://us.fullscript.com/welcome/drjinsung Metagenics Magnesium Glycinate Metagenics Magnesium Citrate Xymogen's Magnesium Threonate Other search words Magnesium Taurate Magnesium Chloride Dr. Sung's Online Supplement Dispensary-conditions apply. Certain companies will require a prescription from Dr. Sung. The content of this video is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advise. Please consult with your physician before embarking on any dietary changes or taking any nutritional supplements.

Headquarters: Toronto ON

Headquarters: Toronto ON

Male hormone

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During the pitting of magnesium and other metals in halide solutions, a film of halide salt of the metal forms on the corroding surface. This salt film plays a major role as a diffusion barrier for water and prevents repassivation by oxide. Properties of magnesium chloride layers were determined on corroding high-purity magnesium shielded electrodes or one-dimensional pits. Electrical transient experiments showed that the salt film thickness is proportional to applied anodic potential and that conduction is by the high field mechanism. Water diffusion rate decreases with film thickness. (Author)

During the pitting of magnesium and other metals in halide solutions, a film of halide salt of the metal forms on the corroding surface. This salt film plays a major role as a diffusion barrier for water and prevents repassivation by oxide. Properties of magnesium chloride layers were determined on corroding high-purity magnesium shielded electrodes or one-dimensional pits. Electrical transient experiments showed that the salt film thickness is proportional to applied anodic potential and that conduction is by the high field mechanism. Water diffusion rate decreases with film thickness. (Author)

An assessment was made of the corrosion susceptibility of cast magnesium alloys AZ91C-T6, EZ33A-T5 and ZE41A-T5. Efforts were made to establish the influence of as-cast and machined surfaces on the corrosion behavior. Cast test panels of AZ91C-T6 alloy were compared with specimens obtained from an AZ91C-T6 helicopter transmission gear housing. The corrosion rates were derived by measuring the hydrogen gas evolved by specimens immersed in sodium chloride solution. The relative order of corrosion susceptibility for panel specimens was: AZ91C-T6 &gt; EZ33A-T5 &gt; ZE41A-T5. AZ91C-T6 gear housing specimens exhibited the lowest corrosion rates. The lower corrosion behavior of housing material was attributed to its relatively uniform microstructure, compositional homogeneity and low level of porosity. The effect of micropores on corrosion behavior was through to mask the influence attributed to surface condition for the test panels.

An assessment was made of the corrosion susceptibility of cast magnesium alloys AZ91C-T6, EZ33A-T5 and ZE41A-T5. Efforts were made to establish the influence of as-cast and machined surfaces on the corrosion behavior. Cast test panels of AZ91C-T6 alloy were compared with specimens obtained from an AZ91C-T6 helicopter transmission gear housing. The corrosion rates were derived by measuring the hydrogen gas evolved by specimens immersed in sodium chloride solution. The relative order of corrosion susceptibility for panel specimens was: AZ91C-T6 &gt; EZ33A-T5 &gt; ZE41A-T5. AZ91C-T6 gear housing specimens exhibited the lowest corrosion rates. The lower corrosion behavior of housing material was attributed to its relatively uniform microstructure, compositional homogeneity and low level of porosity. The effect of micropores on corrosion behavior was through to mask the influence attributed to surface condition for the test panels.

"The Crystal Structure of Magnesium" is an article from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Volume 3 . View more articles from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . View this article on JSTOR . View this article's JSTOR metadata . You may also retrieve all of this items metadata in JSON at the following URL: https://archive.org/metadata/jstor-83309

"The Crystal Structure of Magnesium" is an article from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Volume 3 . View more articles from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . View this article on JSTOR . View this article's JSTOR metadata . You may also retrieve all of this items metadata in JSON at the following URL: https://archive.org/metadata/jstor-83309

Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards

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Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards

Magnesium alloys in liquid-phase condition form surface oxide films due to their high rate of oxidation. Oxide films enter the melt as a result of surface turbulence, and remain inside the workpiece after solidification. The incoherent nature of their interface causes decreases in mechanical properties and reliability of castings. The effect of critical velocity and greater velocities of entering the melt into the die cavity on fracture toughness has been studied in this research. Results indicated that an increase in the velocity decreases the fracture toughness, e.g. an increase of the velocity from 0.4 m/s (critical gate velocity of magnesium alloys) to 3.0 m/s decreases the fracture toughness for about 40%. Furthermore, increasing the velocity of melt entering the mold from 0.4 m/s to 1.0 and 3.0 m/s resulted in a decrease in the Weibull modulus from 13.34 to 7.28 and 4.93, respectively, and consequently, caused the results to be more scattered. SEM micrographs showed that increasing the velocity beyond the critical value increases significantly the quantity and size of the oxide films. Moreover, for the case of speeds greater than the critical value, double-layer films are observable due to considerable surface turbulence of the melt. Analysis of the fractured surfaces also showed that the failure mode of specimens produced using velocities greater than the critical value is of brittle type, whereas it was found to be ductile for the case of critical velocity.

In this work, a new aluminum matrix nanocomposite reinforced with beta-magnesium aluminide nanoparticles was produced by powder metallurgy technique. The prealloyed Al-40 wt.% Mg intermetallic ingot was milled for 100 hours to synthesize β-Al3Mg2 nanoparticles with the average size of 25 nm. Different amounts of nanoparticles were added to Al matrix powder and the mixture was then milled for 10 hours. Al/β-Al3Mg2 nanocomposite samples were prepared by hot pressing of the composite powders in a uniaxial die at 400 °C under the constant pressure of 600 MPa for 2 hours. The results of density measurements revealed that both the density and relative density of nanocomposite samples decrease due to the usage of superlight β-Al3Mg2 reinforcement. Mechanical properties of the nanocomposites were significantly improved with increasing the reinforcement content. Increasing the amount of β-Al3Mg2 nanoparticles continuously improved the hardness and yield strength of composites from 35 BHN and 87 MPa for pure aluminum to approximately 176 BHN and 625 MPa for the sample containing 20 wt.% β-Al3Mg2 nanoparticles, respectively. However, the addition of more reinforcement particles up to 20 wt.% resulted in a decrease in the ultimate strain of the samples, and hence, 10 wt.% nanoparticles was considered to be the optimum content of the reinforcement component.

One of the most important problems of using magnesium alloys is their high corrosion rate. In order to solve this problem, the method of surface modification and coating has been considered. The main purpose of this research is to apply polycaprolactone/chitosan-1% Baghdadite polymer membrane by immersion method on anodized magnesium-aluminum AZ91 alloy in order to improve the corrosion resistance, biodegradability and biocompatibility of this alloy. The results of the electrochemical test show the improvement of the electrochemical resistance and the reduction of the electrochemical current density (10^3 times reduction) of the anodized magnesium-aluminum alloy AZ91 due to the application of the polymer-ceramic membrane. Also, the application of polymer-ceramic membrane has led to an increase in the surface roughness from 0.329 ± 0.02 (magnesium-aluminum AZ91) to 7.792 ± 0.34 micrometers. In order to evaluate the ability of apatite formation on the samples, the body simulating liquid test (phosphate buffer) was used. The results show that the formation of apatite layer on the surface of the sample can be considered as a measure of biodegradability.

Magnesium Deficiency: How to Fight It? Magnesium deficiency affects many people around the world, and the fact that most of them aren’t even aware of it is very concerning. A lack of magnesium can cause a variety of symptoms and health problems that are overlooked or confused with other common disorders. In fact, even healthcare providers can miss the fact that certain diseases and health problems they see in their patients could be due to having insufficient levels of magnesium. What is magnesium? Magnesium is one of the essential minerals for life, and after potassium it is the fourth most abundant mineral in the body. In addition to being a mineral, magnesium is also an electrolyte that helps prevent and fight certain health problems, such as muscle cramps. Electrolytes are what allow you to have good muscle function so that your heart can beat and your brain can receive different signals and stimuli. Magnesium is an essential mineral when it comes to keeping you alive and in good health. That’s why when your magnesium levels start to decrease you might experience a range of symptoms that will lower your quality of life and cause different disorders. Magnesium is in fact involved in more than three hundred different reactions in your body, being vital for the transmission of nerve impulses, the regulation of body temperature, detox of your liver, and the formation of bones and teeth. Magnesium also plays an important role in your cardiovascular system because it keeps clots from forming, relaxes the blood vessels, things your blood, and in general reduces your risk of heart problems. There are “sports drinks” that are currently on the market and claim to contain lots of electrolytes, including magnesium, potassium, and sodium, three things you lose when you exercise or sweat. Their deficiency can later cause muscle cramps and other problems. But these drinks are also usually loaded with sugar and don’t give your body the kind of nutrition that their packaging sometimes promises. Signs of a magnesium deficiency Most people have some signs of a magnesium deficiency, and everyone is lacking at least somewhat in this mineral. The signs include: Constipation High blood pressure (hypertension) Anxiety Depression Behavioral disorders Memory impairment Sleep disorders Muscle cramps Chronic back pain Headaches Migraines Muscle pain Aggressive behavior Loss of consciousness Tension Anxiety disorders, like OCD Chronic fatigue syndrome Fibromyalgia Heart disease Atrial fibrillation Heart palpitations Diabetes Sudden death in patients with congestive heart failure Kidney stones Why are you deficient in magnesium? There are plenty of reasons why your body might not be getting the necessary amounts of magnesium. The first is related to a poor diet, something many of us have today thanks to what’s available on the market. Another reason is the stress that you’re subjected to in your day to day life, environmental pollutant, noise exposure, or technology. Hormones that are produced by stress require high levels of magnesium, significantly reducing your stores of this mineral. Magnesium can also be reduced when you consume a lot of sugar because your body requires 54 molecules of magnesium to process just one molecule of sugar. Modern agricultural production techniques and taking medications like oral contraceptives, antibiotics, cortisone, and prednisone can further reduce your magnesium levels. Where can you get magnesium? There are several natural ways to increase the level of magnesium in your body. Pay attention to the following tips: Eat more foods that are rich in magnesium. Take magnesium ion drops. Use magnesium oil on your skin (this is one of the best ways). Take baths using Epsom salts. This soothing and healthy bath will provide high levels of magnesium and sulfur, ideal for your liver.

Magnesium Deficiency: How to Fight It? Magnesium deficiency affects many people around the world, and the fact that most of them aren’t even aware of it is very concerning. A lack of magnesium can cause a variety of symptoms and health problems that are overlooked or confused with other common disorders. In fact, even healthcare providers can miss the fact that certain diseases and health problems they see in their patients could be due to having insufficient levels of magnesium. What is magnesium? Magnesium is one of the essential minerals for life, and after potassium it is the fourth most abundant mineral in the body. In addition to being a mineral, magnesium is also an electrolyte that helps prevent and fight certain health problems, such as muscle cramps. Electrolytes are what allow you to have good muscle function so that your heart can beat and your brain can receive different signals and stimuli. Magnesium is an essential mineral when it comes to keeping you alive and in good health. That’s why when your magnesium levels start to decrease you might experience a range of symptoms that will lower your quality of life and cause different disorders. Magnesium is in fact involved in more than three hundred different reactions in your body, being vital for the transmission of nerve impulses, the regulation of body temperature, detox of your liver, and the formation of bones and teeth. Magnesium also plays an important role in your cardiovascular system because it keeps clots from forming, relaxes the blood vessels, things your blood, and in general reduces your risk of heart problems. There are “sports drinks” that are currently on the market and claim to contain lots of electrolytes, including magnesium, potassium, and sodium, three things you lose when you exercise or sweat. Their deficiency can later cause muscle cramps and other problems. But these drinks are also usually loaded with sugar and don’t give your body the kind of nutrition that their packaging sometimes promises. Signs of a magnesium deficiency Most people have some signs of a magnesium deficiency, and everyone is lacking at least somewhat in this mineral. The signs include: Constipation High blood pressure (hypertension) Anxiety Depression Behavioral disorders Memory impairment Sleep disorders Muscle cramps Chronic back pain Headaches Migraines Muscle pain Aggressive behavior Loss of consciousness Tension Anxiety disorders, like OCD Chronic fatigue syndrome Fibromyalgia Heart disease Atrial fibrillation Heart palpitations Diabetes Sudden death in patients with congestive heart failure Kidney stones Why are you deficient in magnesium? There are plenty of reasons why your body might not be getting the necessary amounts of magnesium. The first is related to a poor diet, something many of us have today thanks to what’s available on the market. Another reason is the stress that you’re subjected to in your day to day life, environmental pollutant, noise exposure, or technology. Hormones that are produced by stress require high levels of magnesium, significantly reducing your stores of this mineral. Magnesium can also be reduced when you consume a lot of sugar because your body requires 54 molecules of magnesium to process just one molecule of sugar. Modern agricultural production techniques and taking medications like oral contraceptives, antibiotics, cortisone, and prednisone can further reduce your magnesium levels. Where can you get magnesium? There are several natural ways to increase the level of magnesium in your body. Pay attention to the following tips: Eat more foods that are rich in magnesium. Take magnesium ion drops. Use magnesium oil on your skin (this is one of the best ways). Take baths using Epsom salts. This soothing and healthy bath will provide high levels of magnesium and sulfur, ideal for your liver.

On the Single-Line Spectra of Magnesium and Other Metals and Their Ionising Potentials. McLennan, J. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Containing Papers of a Mathematical and Physical Character (1905-1934). 1916-03-01. 92 (639):305–312

This article is from Nephro-urology Monthly , volume 5 . Abstract Background: Cisplatin (CP) therapy as the most common potent chemotherapeutic process is accompanied by nephrotoxicity. The diabetic state may protect rat kidney against this toxicity, and magnesium (Mg) on the other hand may reduce the glucose level in diabetic animals. Objectives: Current study was planned to investigate the effect of oral administration of magnesium supplementation on CP-induced nephrotoxicity in normal and Streptozocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into seven groups and underwent two experiment protocols. As protocol 1, group 1 was considered as the sham group. Group 2 (CP group) received CP (2 mg/kg/d) for five consecutive days. Group 3 (CP + Mg group) received magnesium sulphate (MgSO4, 10 g/L added to the drinking water) for 10 days and then treated with CP from sixth day. As protocol 2, animals received a single dose of STZ (65 mg/kg i.p.). Three days after diabetes induction, animals were divided into four groups; Groups 4 (D group), 5 (D + CP group), and 7 (D + Mg + CP group) followed the same manner as groups 1 to 3, respectively; and group 6 (D + Mg group) was treated with MgSO4 alone for 10 days. Finally, blood samples were obtained, and all animals were killed for kidney tissue investigation. Results: CP administration in normoglycemic rats significantly elevated the serum levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) (P < 0.05). However, coadministration of CP and Mg statistically increased the serum levels of BUN and Cr in both normoglycemic and diabetic animals when compared to the rats treated with CP alone (P < 0.05), while the serum level of Mg was significantly increased in nondiabetic groups (P < 0.05). No significant changes were observed in serum and kidney levels of nitrite; as well as the testis weight between all normoglycemic groups, whereas Mg decreased kidney levels of nitrite in diabetic groups when accompanied by CP (P < 0.05). The kidney and serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) enhanced significantly in nondiabetic rats treated with Mg and CP (P < 0.05). Kidney tissue damage score (KTDS), kidney weight, and body weight loss were significantly different among normoglycemic groups (P < 0.05), and Mg promoted the KTDS in diabetic animals treated with CP. Conclusions: Oral Mg supplementation did not protect the CP induced nephrotoxicity in diabetic rats.

This article is from Korean Journal of Anesthesiology , volume 65 . Abstract Background: We investigated the effects of a magnesium sulfate pretreatment on intubating conditions and cardiovascular responses during rapid sequence tracheal intubation (RSI) in this double-blind randomized study. Methods: Adult patients (n = 154) were randomly allocated to a rocuronium-0.6, rocuronium-0.9, or magnesium group. The magnesium group was pretreated with 50 mg/kg MgSO4, and the other two groups received the same volume of isotonic saline. Anesthesia was induced with alfentanil, propofol, and either 0.6 mg/kg (rocuronium-0.6 and magnesium groups) or 0.9 mg/kg (rocuronium-0.9 group) rocuronium. An anesthesiologist, blinded to the group assignments, performed RSI and assessed the intubating conditions. Systolic arterial pressure (SAP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded before the magnesium sulfate or normal saline was administered, before anesthesia induction, before intubation, and every minute after intubation for 5 min. Results: Airway features were similar among the three groups. The intubating conditions were improved significantly in the magnesium group (P < 0.001) compared with the other two groups. Significant increases in SAP at 1 min after intubation were observed in the rocuronium-0.6 and -0.9 groups when compared with the magnesium group (P < 0.05). HR was comparable among the three groups (P > 0.05). No hypertensive episode occurred during the immediate post-intubation period in the magnesium group (P = 0.001), and tachycardia occurred most frequently in the rocuronium-0.6 group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: MgSO4 administered prior to RSI using alfentanil, propofol, and rocuronium may improve intubating conditions and prevent post-intubation hypertension.

This article is from Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal , volume 16 . Abstract Background:: Propofol is a most widely used intravenous anesthetic drug. One of its most common complications is the pain upon injection; therefore, different methods, with various effects, have been proposed in order to alleviate the pain. Objectives:: This study investigates the effects of paracetamol, ondansetron, granisetron, magnesium sulfate and lidocaine drugs on reducing the pain of propofol injection during anesthetic induction. Also, the hemodynamic changes will be analyzed. Patients and Methods:: This is an interventional study containing 336 patients underwent elective orthopedic surgeries in Educational Hospitals of Mashhad University, using systematic sampling, the patients were divided into six groups. A 20-gauge needle was inserted into a venous vessel in the back of the hand and 100 cc of Ringer serum was injected into the vein, which was applied proximal to the injection site. Afterwards, paracetamol 2 mg/kg (group p), magnesium sulfate 2 mmol (group M), ondansetron 4 mg (group O), granisetron 2 mg (group G), lidocaine 40 mg (group L) and 5 cc saline (group S) were injected into the vessel, after 60 seconds, the tourniquet was opened. One quarter of the total dose of propofol (2.5 mg/kg) was injected with a flow rate of 4 mg/sec and then the injection pain was measured. Finally, the fentanyl (2 µg/kg), atracurium 0.5 mg/kg, and the remaining dose of propofol were injected and the vital signs were recorded before the administration of propofol and 1, 3, 5 and 10 minutes after the propofol injection. Results:: The six groups did not significantly differ, regarding their gender, weight or age. Propofol injection pain was less in L and G groups, in comparison with the others (P ≤ 0.001). By analyzing the hemodynamic changes, it was observed that the least amount of change in mean arterial pressure was observed in the paracetamol group. Conclusions:: The reduction of propofol injection pain was observed by using medications (in comparison with normal saline), but it was more significant in groups G and L. Moreover, Hypotension was higher in groups S and G and it was lessened in group P.

In this video the very interesting reaction between potassium carbonate and magnesium is showed. Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/randomexperimentsinternational

In this video the very interesting reaction between potassium carbonate and magnesium is showed. Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/randomexperimentsinternational

Some thirty or forty years ago, design engineers began to increase temperatures and pressures for the operation of power generating and similar equipment. They discovered that marked economies resulted in this evolution.

This report describes a development program for improved foundry and repair welding techniques for large complex ZE41-type magnesium castings, such as currently specified by the designers of next generation of army aircraft (e. g. the AAH, UTTAS, etc.). This one year program was directed at resolving the weld cracking problem in ZE41 magnesium alloy combiner housing casting for the HLH aircraft, and making it a high quality reproducible part. The results on one HLH combiner housing casting poured with a chemical composition between that of EZ33 and ZE41 alloys, showed that the tensile properties of the machined test bars taken from various section thicknesses and chill/riser/neutral locations were similar, and that the tensile properties of welded and nonwelded areas were comparable. Two step heat treatment (625 F or 675 F for two (2) hours, air cool, 340 F for twelve (12) hours) provided effective stress relief. Thus for large complicated magnesium castings, such as the HLH combiner housing, the cracking in the weld areas during welding as well as delayed cracking in the weld areas can be overcome by the proper selection of chemical composition and heat treatment.

This report describes a development program for improved foundry and repair welding techniques for large complex ZE41-type magnesium castings, such as currently specified by the designers of next generation of army aircraft (e. g. the AAH, UTTAS, etc.). This one year program was directed at resolving the weld cracking problem in ZE41 magnesium alloy combiner housing casting for the HLH aircraft, and making it a high quality reproducible part. The results on one HLH combiner housing casting poured with a chemical composition between that of EZ33 and ZE41 alloys, showed that the tensile properties of the machined test bars taken from various section thicknesses and chill/riser/neutral locations were similar, and that the tensile properties of welded and nonwelded areas were comparable. Two step heat treatment (625 F or 675 F for two (2) hours, air cool, 340 F for twelve (12) hours) provided effective stress relief. Thus for large complicated magnesium castings, such as the HLH combiner housing, the cracking in the weld areas during welding as well as delayed cracking in the weld areas can be overcome by the proper selection of chemical composition and heat treatment.

A magnesium seawater cell, with its cathode covered by a colony of special bacteria, yields a higher voltage at a given current density than when bacteria are not present. This has been observed for current densities below one ampere per square foot. Volt-ampere characteristics were measured to determine how much the voltage performance improved, and if possible, why. On the basis of these tests, it is possible to conclude that the bacteria act to lessen cathodic polarization, and therefore the equivalent internal resistance of the cell, to an extent dependent on the hydrogen uptake coincident to their normal metabolism. A five-month life test in a clean, shallow oceanic environment revealed that the cell shut down to zero output, due apparently to calcareous deposits formed from two distinct actions: the cell's normal electrochemical process and superposed action by film-forming organisms.

Aluminum, steel and magnesium trimetal assemblies were simultaneously coated in order to decrease galvanic corrosion, and to develop coatings to be used for recoating structurally united components containing dissimilar metals. The composite specimens were processed in modified stannous pyrophosphate solutions. The trimetal assemblies containing various alloys of aluminum were also processed in the stannous pyrophosphate solution. Composite specimens containing a large aluminum panel and a small magnesium panel, or the reverse, were processed in the stannous pyrophosphate solution. Solutions containing other tin compounds were investigated as solutions to coat trimetal assemblies.

Evidences obtained from high purity MgAl2O4 ceramics deformed at high temperatures are presented which confirm theoretically predicted multiple (111) (110) slip systems for spinel. Stress-strain and kinetic data and microstructural examinations indicate that spinel, when sufficiently pure, does meet the Taylor-von Mises criterion for generalized plastic flow of a polycrystalline solid.

A rapid procedure by which the thermal decomposition of magnesium perchlorate can be monitored is discussed. The method, based upon the spectrographic measurement of the iron (III) chloride complex, is quite simple and accurate.

A number of ternary oxides have been identified in the gas phase by mass spectrometry, while vaporizing MgO, CaO, SrO and SnO2 + Sn from Mo and W crucibles. The approximate stabilities of the gaseous molecules MgMoO4, CaMoO4, SrMoO4, MgWO4, CaWO4, SrWO4, SrMoO3, CaWO3, CaMoO3, SnWO4 and Sn2WO5 were deduced from the measurements. The dissociation energies (kcal/mole) into gaseous oxides are presented.

The daily urinary excretion of calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus was determined on 12 healthy volunteers during a period of 22 days exposure to an atmosphere containing 1% CO2. Serum calcium fell significantly during the period, whilst the urinary excretion of calcium fell during the first week, and then rose again subsequently. The serum magnesium remained remarkably constant, and the urinary magnesium exhibited a very similar initial pattern to calcium but did not rise again to the same extent. The serum inorganic phosphate did not change significantly but the urinary output of phosphorus fell progressively over the whole period of exposure. These results are compatible with the view that acclimatization to CO2 may result in altered renal handling of some of the substances involved in calcification of tissues. Such hypercalcification has been recorded in animals exposed to a similar environment, and it is suggested that the altered Ca and Mg ratio may be a factor in this hypercalcification.

For each distinct alloy or group of alloys a set of charts is given which include, for various forms and conditions of the alloy, information on the chemical composition and physical and mechanical properties at room and at elevated temperatures. A complete list of the properties covered is given at the end of these notes. For some of the alloys dealt with, the complete range of data is not yet available.

Ground glass powders (frits) have been evaluated as possible suppressants for magnesium fires. Conceptually, these would melt and form a glass coating on the surface of the burning metal, isolating it from the oxygen supply. Some frits containing oxides of magnesium and lithium reacted violently with the burning magnesium. However, several low melting frits proved to be good suppressants and were better than commercial suppressants. (Author)

During the pitting of magnesium and other metals in halide solutions, a film of halide salt of the metal forms on the corroding surface. This salt film plays a major role as a diffusion barrier for water and prevents repassivation by oxide. Properties of magnesium chloride layers were determined on corroding high-purity magnesium shielded electrodes or one-dimensional pits. Electrical transient experiments showed that the salt film thickness is proportional to applied anodic potential and that conduction is by the high field mechanism. Water diffusion rate decreases with film thickness. (Author)

This research extends previous thesis work by Becker and Mills, and is concurrent with that of Stengel on the superplastic behavior of warm rolled high-Mg, Al-Mg alloys. In this work, the effect of various alloy additions were investigated. The following Al-Mg alloy compositions were studied: 8% Mg; 8% Mg-0.4% Cu; 8% Mg-0.4% Cu-0.5% Mn; 10% Mg; 10% Mg-0.4% Cu; 10% Mg-0.2% Mn. These materials were solution treated and hot worked at 440 C and then warm rolled at 300 C to 94% reduction. Tensile testing was then conducted for the as-rolled condition. The alloys were tested at temperatures ranging from room temperature to 300 C and at strain rates from .000056/sec to .14/sec. The copper addition has, on the same weight percentage basis, the same effect on superplasticity as does the addition of manganese to the alloy. The addition of small amounts (i.e., approximately 0.2 weight percent) of manganese appears to offer little advantage over the binary compositions in terms of super plasticity.

Aluminum alloys containing 8-10 wt pct magnesium with further minor additions of Cu and Mn were solution treated for either 10 hours or 24 hours and subsequently quenched in either oil or water. Microstructural analysis by transmission electron microscopy and optical microscopy demonstrated that a 24-hour solution treatment when followed by water quenching was effective in retention of Mg in solution promoting more uniform precipitation during subsequent warm rolling, especially in an alloy containing 8.14 wt pct Mg-0.41 wt pct Cu. Tension and fatigue testing revealed improved fatigue resistance for this alloy when comparison was made to shorter solution treatment times and less severe quench conditions. The addition of Mn, possibly in conjunction with increased solution treatment temperature, appears to be especially effective in development of a homogeneous microstructure; an alloy containing 10.2 wt pct Mg-0.52 wt pct Mn exhibited a yielded strength of 398 Mpa (57.8 Ksi), a tensile strength of 455 Mpa (75.8 Ksi) with 11 pct elongation to fracture. (Author)

In order to promote public education and public safety, equal justice for all, a better informed citizenry, the rule of law, world trade and world peace, this legal document is hereby made available on a noncommercial basis, as it is the right of all humans to know and speak the laws that govern them. (For more information: 12 Tables of Code ) Name of Standards Organization: Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) Division Name: Chemical Section Name: Environmental Protection and Waste Management (CHD 32) Designator of Legally Binding Document: IS 3025-46 Title of Legally Binding Document: Methods of Sampling and Test (Physical and Chemical) for Water and Wastewater, Part 46: Magnesium Number of Amendments: 2 Equivalence: Superceding: Superceded by: LEGALLY BINDING DOCUMENT Step Out From the Old to the New --Jawaharlal Nehru Invent a new India using knowledge. --Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda