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This article is from Dental Research Journal , volume 9 . Abstract Background:: Local anesthesia (LA) with epinephrine have an important role in pain and bleeding control. However, most clinicians believe LA + epinephrine may cause rapid raise in blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR). The aim of this research was to compare the changes in HR and BP after administration of lidocaine with and without epinephrine 1/80000 in two infiltration (INF) and inferior alveolar nerve block methods (IANB). Materials and Methods:: The study was a randomized double-blind experimental clinical trial. Forty subjects were divided into two equal groups and two subgroups. In one group, INF and in the other group, IANB were used and, further, in one subgroup lidocaine and in another subgroup, lidocaine plus epinephrine were used. BP and HR were recorded before and 10 min after. The paired t-test for intragroup differences and independent t-test for intergroup analysis were used at the significant level of P≤0.05. Results:: The mean BP and HR values were reduced after injection of lidocaine in both INF and IANB compared with baseline. The differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05), but, on comparing these values between the two injection methods, the differences were not statically significant (P = 0.089 and 0.066, respectively). The mean BP and HR values were increased after injection of lidocaine plus epinephrine in both INF and IANB compared with baseline, and these were statistically significant (P < 0.05) but, on comparing these values between the two methods, the differences were not statically significant (P = 0.071 and 0.092, respectively). Conclusion:: The rise in BP and HR following injection of lidocaine plus epinephrine was statistically significant compared with baseline in both INF and IANB, but this was not clinically and numerically considerable.

This article is from Clinical and Translational Allergy , volume 4 . Abstract None

Artykuł w: Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska. Sectio D, Medicina Vol. 57, N 1, nr 80 (2002), strony 569-573 ; Streszczenia w językach angielskim i polskim.

Aim: Dental procedures are often performed under local anesthesia. Vasoconstrictors added to local anesthetics might have unwanted effects in the elderly and in patients with comorbid diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of local anesthetics containing epinephrine on blood pressure in elderly patients undergoing dental procedures.  Material and Method: The study included 479 patients (age, 67.37±6.62) who under-went tooth extraction. Patient demographics, current health conditions, and blood pressure values were recorded before local anesthesia and at 5 minutes after anesthesia administration. Patients were divided into 4 groups: Group I (n=272) received 40 mg articaine/0.012 mg epinephrine (Ultracain® D-S Forte); Group II (n=196) received 40 mg articaine/0.01 mg epinephrine (Maxicaine FORT); Group III (n=6) received 40 mg articaine/0.006 mg epinephrine (Ultracain® D-S); and Group IV (n=5) received 40 mg articaine/0.005 mg epinephrine (Maxicaine). Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 20.0.  Results: A total of 479 patients were included in the analysis. Hypertension and diabetes were the most frequently reported comorbidities among these patients. Blood pressure values after administration of anesthesia were higher than those recorded before the procedure in all groups.  Discussion: Local anesthetics containing epinephrine are not associated with a significant increase in blood pressure in elderly patients undergoing dental procedures. Obtaining a detailed clinical history may reduce the risk of procedure-related morbidity.

Aim: Dental procedures are often performed under local anesthesia. Vasoconstrictors added to local anesthetics might have unwanted effects in the elderly and in patients with comorbid diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of local anesthetics containing epinephrine on blood pressure in elderly patients undergoing dental procedures.  Material and Method: The study included 479 patients (age, 67.37±6.62) who under-went tooth extraction. Patient demographics, current health conditions, and blood pressure values were recorded before local anesthesia and at 5 minutes after anesthesia administration. Patients were divided into 4 groups: Group I (n=272) received 40 mg articaine/0.012 mg epinephrine (Ultracain® D-S Forte); Group II (n=196) received 40 mg articaine/0.01 mg epinephrine (Maxicaine FORT); Group III (n=6) received 40 mg articaine/0.006 mg epinephrine (Ultracain® D-S); and Group IV (n=5) received 40 mg articaine/0.005 mg epinephrine (Maxicaine). Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 20.0.  Results: A total of 479 patients were included in the analysis. Hypertension and diabetes were the most frequently reported comorbidities among these patients. Blood pressure values after administration of anesthesia were higher than those recorded before the procedure in all groups.  Discussion: Local anesthetics containing epinephrine are not associated with a significant increase in blood pressure in elderly patients undergoing dental procedures. Obtaining a detailed clinical history may reduce the risk of procedure-related morbidity.

Aim: Dental procedures are often performed under local anesthesia. Vasoconstrictors added to local anesthetics might have unwanted effects in the elderly and in patients with comorbid diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of local anesthetics containing epinephrine on blood pressure in elderly patients undergoing dental procedures.  Material and Method: The study included 479 patients (age, 67.37±6.62) who under-went tooth extraction. Patient demographics, current health conditions, and blood pressure values were recorded before local anesthesia and at 5 minutes after anesthesia administration. Patients were divided into 4 groups: Group I (n=272) received 40 mg articaine/0.012 mg epinephrine (Ultracain® D-S Forte); Group II (n=196) received 40 mg articaine/0.01 mg epinephrine (Maxicaine FORT); Group III (n=6) received 40 mg articaine/0.006 mg epinephrine (Ultracain® D-S); and Group IV (n=5) received 40 mg articaine/0.005 mg epinephrine (Maxicaine). Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 20.0.  Results: A total of 479 patients were included in the analysis. Hypertension and diabetes were the most frequently reported comorbidities among these patients. Blood pressure values after administration of anesthesia were higher than those recorded before the procedure in all groups.  Discussion: Local anesthetics containing epinephrine are not associated with a significant increase in blood pressure in elderly patients undergoing dental procedures. Obtaining a detailed clinical history may reduce the risk of procedure-related morbidity.

Local anaesthetic (LA) enables painless dental treatment, but is still a challenge for pediatric dentists. The injection of local anesthesia causes pain, for many patients it is a cause of fear and anxiety. A variety of types of topic anesthetics to help in reduce of pain before LA have been described without consensus about the best medication and presentation to increase its acceptance, reducing the discomfort of children. To know which kind of topical anesthetic has more efficacy to prevent pain, in children before local anesthesia a scoping review will be conducted. The databases COCHRANE, PUBMED, EMBASE, LILACS, LIVIVO, PsycINFO, WEB OF SCIENCE, SCOPUS and Gray literature (Google Scholar, Open Grey) will be searched. Hand searches of reference list from included studies and the Experts will be searched. Two independent reviewers will select the included articles. First, in phase one, both reviewers will read titles and abstracts independently while applying the eligibility criteria (studies that included clinical trials with children and adolescents under 18 years old, that used topical anesthesia to reduce pain before local anesthesia during odontological procedures; without restriction of language) In phase two, the same two reviewers (1R and 2R) will perform a full text reading while applying the election criteria. In both phases, all the retrieved information will be crosschecked by the third review (3R). Final selection will be always based on the full-text of the publication. Two independent reviewers will collect data: characteristics of the studies, author, year, country, study design, population, age years, type of topic anaesthesia and time to aplication, type of application, pain assessment for subjetives and objectives methods, main results about perceptions pain and conclusions. The methods for assessing risk of bias of individual studies will not be performed, as it is not inherent to the scoping review methodology.

This article is from International Journal of Nanomedicine , volume 8 . Abstract Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were prepared in aqueous colloid dispersions by the reduction of Ag+ with glucose in alkaline medium. Tetraethyl orthosilicate and L-asparagine were added as stabilizers of NPs. The AgNPs were characterized, and their interaction with three local anesthetics (procaine, dibucaine, or tetracaine) was investigated. Optical spectra show the characteristic absorption band of AgNPs, due to surface plasmon resonance. Modifications in the position and shape of this band reflect the self-assembly of metal NPs mediated by anesthetic molecules and the progress in time of the aggregation process. Zeta-potential measuring was applied in order to characterize the electrostatic stability of the NPs. The size and shape of the AgNPs, as well as the features of the assemblies formed by their association in the presence of anesthetics, were evidenced by transmission electron microscopy images. Atomic force microscopy images showed the characteristics of the films of AgNPs deposited on glass support. The effect of the anesthetics could be described in terms of electrostatic forces between the negatively charged AgNPs and the anesthetic molecules, existing also in their cationic form at the working pH. But also hydrophobic and hydrogen bonding interactions between the coated nanoparticles and anesthetics molecular species should be considered.

Bacterial resistance is an alarming problem in the world scenario, responsible for the increase in mortality, especially in hospitalized patients. Currently, resistance to antimicrobials is considered one of the main threats to the health of the world population, and the excessive and irrational use of antimicrobials has contributed to the increase of this problem. Previous studies have revealed that anesthetic agents can limit the growth of microorganisms in the application area. The antimicrobial properties of these agents can extend their use in patients beyond pain control. The aim of this work is to review studies on the efficacy of using local anesthetics as an antimicrobial agent for Staphylococcus spp.

Bacterial resistance is an alarming problem in the world scenario, responsible for the increase in mortality, especially in hospitalized patients. Currently, resistance to antimicrobials is considered one of the main threats to the health of the world population, and the excessive and irrational use of antimicrobials has contributed to the increase of this problem. Previous studies have revealed that anesthetic agents can limit the growth of microorganisms in the application area. The antimicrobial properties of these agents can extend their use in patients beyond pain control. The aim of this work is to review studies on the efficacy of using local anesthetics as an antimicrobial agent for Staphylococcus spp.

Bacterial resistance is an alarming problem in the world scenario, responsible for the increase in mortality, especially in hospitalized patients. Currently, resistance to antimicrobials is considered one of the main threats to the health of the world population, and the excessive and irrational use of antimicrobials has contributed to the increase of this problem. Previous studies have revealed that anesthetic agents can limit the growth of microorganisms in the application area. The antimicrobial properties of these agents can extend their use in patients beyond pain control. The aim of this work is to review studies on the efficacy of using local anesthetics as an antimicrobial agent for Staphylococcus spp.

Bacterial resistance is an alarming problem in the world scenario, responsible for the increase in mortality, especially in hospitalized patients. Currently, resistance to antimicrobials is considered one of the main threats to the health of the world population, and the excessive and irrational use of antimicrobials has contributed to the increase of this problem. Previous studies have revealed that anesthetic agents can limit the growth of microorganisms in the application area. The antimicrobial properties of these agents can extend their use in patients beyond pain control. The aim of this work is to review studies on the efficacy of using local anesthetics as an antimicrobial agent for Staphylococcus spp.

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"Local Anesthetics" is an article from Science, Volume 51 . View more articles from Science . View this article on JSTOR . View this article's JSTOR metadata . You may also retrieve all of this items metadata in JSON at the following URL: https://archive.org/metadata/jstor-1644871

"Local Anesthetics" is an article from Science, Volume 51 . View more articles from Science . View this article on JSTOR . View this article's JSTOR metadata . You may also retrieve all of this items metadata in JSON at the following URL: https://archive.org/metadata/jstor-1644871

This article is from Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences , volume 29 . Abstract Objective: Circumcision is a commonly performed surgical procedure but choice of anesthesia remained an issue of research and debate. This study was conducted to find out the effectiveness of the eutectic mixture of local anesthetic (EMLA) cream with dorsal penile nerve block (DPNB) using lignocaine, for reduction of pain during circumcision.Methodology: This was comparative study carried out in Surgical Unit B of National Institute of Child Health Karachi, from May 2008 to October 2008. Patients under six month of age were randomized in to two groups (EMLA and DPNB) of fifty patients each. The effectiveness of pain control was assessed by measuring the baseline heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR) and Neonatal infant Pain Scale (NIPS scale) before the start of procedure and measuring of these parameters for each step of circumcision. Independent sample t -test was used to compare means and repeated ANOVA was used to compare means of HR, RR, oxygen (O2) saturations and NIPS.Results: The mean age in both the groups was 2.3 months. There was no statistically significant difference in baseline parameters in both the groups except the respiratory rate, which was significantly raised in DPNB group (33 breaths/min in EMLA and 38 in DPNB P < 0.04). During circumcision there was significant increase in heart rate in DPNB group, especially in step three and step four (p < 0.04). Oxygen saturation dropped in both the groups (baseline saturation 98% up to 91% in step 4). While assessing NIPS scores in both the groups, statistically significant difference was found between NIPS at step two and step four in two groups (p < 0.04).Conclusions: The overall pain control was equal in both the groups, although NIPS score was higher in DPNB in step two and four of circumcision. There was difference in application and cost. EMLA was easy to apply but has increased cost; while DPNB required expertise.

This article is from Korean Journal of Anesthesiology , volume 65 . Abstract Continuous epidural analgesia has been used for decades to treat acute herpes zoster pain and to prevent postherpetic neuralgia. However, many technical problems can arise during chronic treatment with epidural medications. These complications include catheter dislodgement, infection, injection pain, leakage, and occlusion. Epidural catheter placement utilizing subcutaneous injection port implantation has gained widespread acceptance as a method to overcome such complications. The technique reduces the risk of infection, the most feared complication, compared to the use of a percutaneous epidural catheter. Herein, we present 2 cases in which the continuous thoracic epidural administration of opioids and local anesthetics through an implantable subcutaneous injection port for over 2 months successfully treated zoster-associated pain without any technique- or medication-related complications in patients with risk factors for epidural abscess.

This article is from Korean Journal of Anesthesiology , volume 65 . Abstract Continuous epidural analgesia has been used for decades to treat acute herpes zoster pain and to prevent postherpetic neuralgia. However, many technical problems can arise during chronic treatment with epidural medications. These complications include catheter dislodgement, infection, injection pain, leakage, and occlusion. Epidural catheter placement utilizing subcutaneous injection port implantation has gained widespread acceptance as a method to overcome such complications. The technique reduces the risk of infection, the most feared complication, compared to the use of a percutaneous epidural catheter. Herein, we present 2 cases in which the continuous thoracic epidural administration of opioids and local anesthetics through an implantable subcutaneous injection port for over 2 months successfully treated zoster-associated pain without any technique- or medication-related complications in patients with risk factors for epidural abscess.

This article is from PLoS ONE , volume 9 . Abstract Local anesthetics are frequently used in fine-needle aspiration of thyroid lesions and locoregional control of persistent or recurrent thyroid cancer. Recent evidence suggests that local anesthetics have a broad spectrum of effects including inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis in neuronal and other types of cells. In this study, we demonstrated that treatment with lidocaine and bupivacaine resulted in decreased cell viability and colony formation of both 8505C and K1 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Lidocaine and bupivacaine induced apoptosis, and necrosis in high concentrations, as determined by flow cytometry. Lidocaine and bupivacaine caused disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential and release of cytochrome c, accompanied by activation of caspase 3 and 7, PARP cleavage, and induction of a higher ratio of Bax/Bcl-2. Based on microarray and pathway analysis, apoptosis is the prominent transcriptional change common to lidocaine and bupivacaine treatment. Furthermore, lidocaine and bupivacaine attenuated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) activity and induced activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and c-jun N-terminal kinase. Pharmacological inhibitors of MAPK/ERK kinase and p38 MAPK suppressed caspase 3 activation and PARP cleavage. Taken together, our results for the first time demonstrate the cytotoxic effects of local anesthetics on thyroid cancer cells and implicate the MAPK pathways as an important mechanism. Our findings have potential clinical relevance in that the use of local anesthetics may confer previously unrecognized benefits in the management of patients with thyroid cancer.

This article is from International Journal of Critical Illness and Injury Science , volume 4 . Abstract The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains a world-wide treatment challenge, with high morbidity and mortality. The central pathophysiology of ARDS centers around inflammation in the lung and increased microvascular permeability. Local anesthetics have been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects at the basic science level and the advent of local anesthetics with improved cardiovascular safety profiles has made use of local anesthetics in attenuating the inflammation in ARDS a recent research interest. In this review, we will provide a brief summary of some of the basic science work in local anesthetics and lung inflammation and provide a case for the bench to bedside research in this potential therapy.

This article is from International Journal of Critical Illness and Injury Science , volume 4 . Abstract The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains a world-wide treatment challenge, with high morbidity and mortality. The central pathophysiology of ARDS centers around inflammation in the lung and increased microvascular permeability. Local anesthetics have been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects at the basic science level and the advent of local anesthetics with improved cardiovascular safety profiles has made use of local anesthetics in attenuating the inflammation in ARDS a recent research interest. In this review, we will provide a brief summary of some of the basic science work in local anesthetics and lung inflammation and provide a case for the bench to bedside research in this potential therapy.

This article is from Journal of Applied Oral Science , volume 20 . Abstract Objective: To detect the presence and concentration of methylparaben in cartridges of commercial Brazilian local anesthetics. Material and methods: Twelve commercial brands (4 in glass and 8 in plastic cartridges) of local anesthetic solutions for use in dentistry were purchased from the Brazilian market and analyzed. Different lots of the commercial brands were obtained in different Brazilian cities (Piracicaba, Campinas and São Paulo). Separation was performed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV-Vis detector. The mobile phase used was acetonitrile:water (75:25 - v/v), pH 4.5, adjusted with acetic acid at a flow rate of 1.0 ml.min-1. Results: When detected in the solutions, the methylparaben concentration ranged from 0.01% (m/v) to 0.16% (m/v). One glass and all plastic cartridges presented methylparaben. Conclusion: 1. Methylparaben concentration varied among solutions from different manufacturers, and it was not indicated in the drug package inserts; 2. Since the presence of methylparaben in dental anesthetics is not regulated by the Brazilian National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) and this substance could cause allergic reactions, it is important to alert dentists about its possible presence.

This article is from Journal of Applied Oral Science , volume 20 . Abstract Objective: To detect the presence and concentration of methylparaben in cartridges of commercial Brazilian local anesthetics. Material and methods: Twelve commercial brands (4 in glass and 8 in plastic cartridges) of local anesthetic solutions for use in dentistry were purchased from the Brazilian market and analyzed. Different lots of the commercial brands were obtained in different Brazilian cities (Piracicaba, Campinas and São Paulo). Separation was performed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV-Vis detector. The mobile phase used was acetonitrile:water (75:25 - v/v), pH 4.5, adjusted with acetic acid at a flow rate of 1.0 ml.min-1. Results: When detected in the solutions, the methylparaben concentration ranged from 0.01% (m/v) to 0.16% (m/v). One glass and all plastic cartridges presented methylparaben. Conclusion: 1. Methylparaben concentration varied among solutions from different manufacturers, and it was not indicated in the drug package inserts; 2. Since the presence of methylparaben in dental anesthetics is not regulated by the Brazilian National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) and this substance could cause allergic reactions, it is important to alert dentists about its possible presence.

Includes bibliographical references and index

Includes bibliographical references and index

Includes bibliographical references and index

The addition of sodium bicarbonate to local anesthetic solutions immediately prior to their administration has been advocated as a method to reduce latency and prolong duration of regional blockade. The purpose of this study was to determine the appropriate dosages of sodium bicarbonate required to elevate the pH of local anesthetic solutions to physiologic pH (approximately 7.4), while maximizing time to precipitation formation. This descriptive study investigated the alkalinization of four local anesthetic solutions (Lidocaine, Mepivacaine, Bupivacaine, and Chloroprocaine-HCL) before and after freshly added epinephrine.

A survey of dental materiel complaints was conducted in response to SF-380 submissions from the field. Premature breakage of carbide-tipped dental burs represented up to 4% of bur usage Navy-wide. For specific clinics reporting a bur breakage problem, premature failure may account for 2.5 to 8% of total bur usage. Significant Navy-wide problems with ineffective infiltration anesthesia were not uncovered. Excessive plunger friction and cartridge breakage was a problem for 8-9% of responding dental officers. Keywords: Carbide burs, Local anesthetics, Anesthetics cartridges.